CN101942583A - High-temperature resistant TiAl-based alloy with excellent casting performance and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-temperature resistant TiAl-based alloy with excellent casting performance and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a high-temperature resistant TiAl-based alloy with excellent casting performance, which belongs to the gamma-TiAl alloy. The alloy comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 44.0 to 48.0 percent of Al, 3.0 to 5.0 percent of Nb, 0.2 to 2.0 percent of V, 0 to 0.8 percent of Ni, 0 to 0.8 percent of Si, and the balance of Ti and inevitable impurity elements. The preparation method comprises the following step of melting the raw materials in a vacuum consumable electrode arc skull furnace or a vacuum induction furnace and performing cast molding, wherein before the step of casting, vacuum melting can be performed on the TiAl alloy cast ingot or argon-filling melting can be performed on the TiAl alloy cast ingot. The high-temperature resistant TiAl-based alloy has higher use temperature compared with the conventional TiAl alloy, has excellent room temperature plasticity and excellent creep resistance and oxidation resistance, has excellent casting performance, is suitable for casting of thin-walled parts, and has huge market prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of superalloy art, high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of particularly a kind of castability excellence and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Along with motor performance such as Aeronautics and Astronautics, automobile, naval vessel improve constantly, to the demands for higher performance of high-temperature material, promptly higher intensity, antioxidant property and lighter density etc.γ-TiAl base alloy material has advantages such as good high-temperature intensity, creep resistance and antioxidant property, developing into materials for aeroengines of new generation, can be used for making pneumatic plant, gas turbine blade, pneumatic plant stator windsheild, out frame and casting of other complex-shaped large sizes and forging parts, but heavy nickel base superalloy loss of weight about 50% substituted with part.γ-TiAl base alloy has been used to make the turbo-supercharger, air valve of motor car engine etc.At present, China and each industrial country of the world are all conducting a research energetically, but the alloy species of practical application seldom.
Theoretical investigation from Ti-Al alloy material: when solidifying route the titanium aluminum alloy castingprocesses is that γ is when solidifying mutually, titanium aluminum alloy many places after solidifying are in the γ single phase region, the non-constant of room temperature unit elongation of single-phase γ-TiAl, reason is that a lot of dislocations are not movable under single-phase γ-TiAl room temperature, and main slip dislocation is by fault dipole pinning.And α
2+ γ is organized in and obviously is better than single-phase γ-TiAl on unit elongation and the intensity, and reason is α
2Absorb oxygen, thereby reduced the oxygen level among the γ, be beneficial to dislocation glide.
α solidifies route research at most mutually in the titanium aluminum alloy preparation process so far, and that wherein Al% research is maximum is 46-47at%.The route that solidifies of Ti-(46-47at%) Al Ti-Al alloy material is that α solidifies mutually, and it is as follows that α solidifies route mutually: L (liquid phase) → α phase → α+γ → α
2+ γ, room temperature undertissue are α
2+ γ.The alpha-crystal that at first generates when L cools off mutually in the process of setting forms tangible columanar structure, and the γ lamella of follow-up formation causes as-cast structure to have tangible anisotropy perpendicular to the direction of the column crystal growth of α phase, and each position performance difference of foundry goods is obvious.
The homogeneity of structure of titanium aluminum alloy and the problem of poor-performing when solidifying mutually in order to solve α, can in the gamma-TiAl alloy of above-mentioned Al content, add an amount of beta stable element such as Nb, Zr, Hf etc., β phase region in the Ti-Al alloy phase diagram is moved right, realize that β solidifies mutually; Perhaps adjust the span of Al content, make that Al content is about 44at% or following in the gamma-TiAl alloy, realizing that β solidifies mutually, if thick β increases mutually and causes plasticity very poor but Al content is crossed low.It is as follows that β solidifies route mutually: L (liquid phase) → L+ β → β → alpha+beta → α → α+γ → α
2+ γ, room temperature undertissue are α
2+ γ is as the Ti-44Al-0.2B alloy.But when containing the beta stable element of certain content in the gamma-TiAl alloy, β solidifies route mutually and is: L (liquid phase) → L+ β → β → alpha+beta → alpha+beta m → α+γ+β m → α
2+ γ+β m, room temperature undertissue are α
2+ γ+β m (β m is metastable β phase) is as the Ti-44Al-5Nb-0.2B alloy.In the β phase process of setting, owing to can form the α variant of 12 complete different directions in the β crystal grain, finally obtain being orientated diverse lath group in each β crystal grain, this tissue anisotropy is very little, each position mechanical property basically identical.
On titanium-aluminum binary alloy phase diagram, when Al content is higher than the 44at% left and right sides, Peritectic Reaction L+ β → α will take place in the gamma-TiAl alloy process of setting, solidify route and be: L (liquid phase) → L+ β → β+α → α → α+γ → α
2+ γ or L → L+ β → L+ α → α → α+γ → α
2+ γ.Contain in the titanium aluminum alloy process of setting of Peritectic Reaction, Peritectic Reaction occurs in β phase and liquid interface place, when α begins forming core from liquid phase, will make as-cast structure have tangible anisotropy as previously mentioned; When α from the β beginning forming core of getting along, will obtain being orientated diverse thicker lath group, this tissue anisotropy is very little.Through studying for many years both at home and abroad and test, can be through the gamma-TiAl alloy of Peritectic Reaction in practical application, but it is poor through the gamma-TiAl alloy that β solidifies mutually to solidify the homogeneity of back casting composition.
Patent US6051084 points out that Nb can greatly improve the antioxidant property of titanium aluminum alloy, improves the hot strength and the creep property of alloy, and alloy all has the good oxidization resistance energy when Nb content is 6～10%.
Professor R.Yang of metal institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences etc., " Alloy development and shell mould casting of gamma TiAl " (Journal of materials processing technology[J], 2003, studied 2at%Nb, 5at%Nb, 8at%Nb 135:179-188) respectively to the influence of gamma-TiAl alloy antioxidant property and thermal fatigue resistance, better when antioxidant property, thermal fatigue resistance are than 8at%Nb when drawing Nb content and being 5at%; The titanium aluminum alloy thermal fatigue resistance is best when Nb content is 2at%.
(Chemical Industry Press points out that 1-3at%V can improve the plasticity of bifurcation alloy in 2006:817), but can appropriateness reduces the antioxidant property of titanium aluminum alloy at " Chinese material engineering grand ceremony (on the 2nd volume) " to do brave, Tian Zhiling etc.; An amount of Si can improve the mobile of titanium aluminum alloy cast and reduce hot tearing susceptibility; Ni can increase the flowing property of material.Patent US6294132 points out that Ni can improve the creep resistance of β phase, increases the friction of alloy inside and improve anti-seismic performance; Si can improve the hot strength and the creep strength of titanium aluminum alloy, and can improve the antioxidant property of alloy.
Summary of the invention
High temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy that provides a kind of castability excellence and preparation method thereof is provided a kind of technical problem to be solved by this invention, this alloy belongs to gamma-TiAl alloy, existing good temperature-room type plasticity, good creep-resistant property and antioxidant property are arranged again, can improve the use temperature of general T iAl alloy, titanium aluminum alloy can be used under 900 ℃ of left and right sides temperature for a long time; Simultaneously, this is high temperature resistant, and the gamma-TiAl alloy material has advantages of good casting, is suitable for the casting of thin-walled parts.
For the purpose that realizes solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention has adopted following technical scheme:
The high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of a kind of castability excellence of the present invention, belong to gamma-TiAl alloy, concrete chemical composition quality per-cent consists of Al:44.0～48.0at%, Nb:3.0～5.0at%, V:0.2-2.0at%, Ni:0-0.8at%, Si:0-0.8at%, all the other are Ti and unavoidable impurities element.
The high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of above-mentioned a kind of castability excellence, preferred mass percent are formed, and: Al can preferred 46.0～47.0at%, more preferably 46.5at%; Nb can preferred 3.5～4.5at%, more preferably 4.0at%; V is 0.5-1.0at% preferably, more preferably 0.7at%; Ni is 0.2-0.6at% preferably, more preferably 0.3at%; Si is 0.3-0.6at% preferably, more preferably 0.4at%.
Nb can greatly improve the antioxidant property of titanium aluminum alloy, improves the hot strength and the creep property of alloy, but along with the increase of Nb content, the flowing property in the Ti-Al alloy material smelting and pouring process can decrease.Therefore, the titanium aluminum alloy of high Nb content is unfavorable for the casting of thin-walled parts.The present invention's appropriateness on the basis of high Nb titanium aluminum alloy reduces Nb content to 3.0～5.0at%, when more common titanium aluminum alloy has more high antioxygenic property, hot strength and creep property, flowing property when having improved the titanium aluminum alloy casting, moulding titanium aluminum alloy thin-wall part better when vacuum induction furnace and vacuum consumable electrode arc furnace melting casting.Simultaneously, appropriateness reduces the cost that Nb content can reduce Ti-Al alloy material.
V can significantly improve the room temperature unit elongation of titanium aluminum alloy, thereby improves the room temperature over-all properties of titanium aluminium casting; Disadvantageous aspect is: V can reduce the antioxidant property of titanium aluminum alloy.Therefore, the V content of this patent material selection is lower, is 0.2-2at%, drops to the disadvantageous effect of antioxidant property aspect low as far as possible; Simultaneously, can remedy V in the disadvantageous effect of bringing aspect the oxidation-resistance by adding the more high-load Nb of more common titanium aluminum alloy.Help improving the creep property of material, the friction that increases alloy inside and raising anti-seismic performance by adding an amount of Ni, if the too high meeting of Ni reduces the room temperature unit elongation of material; Add creep strength and antioxidant property that an amount of Si can improve titanium aluminum alloy, but the room temperature unit elongation of material can reduce when the Si too high levels.
Consider the significantly grain-size of refinement gamma-TiAl alloy of B element, be prone to the above big crystal grain of 1mm in the TiAl alloy casting microstructure of B but contain, in the part of the big stress of needs carrying, the Bization thing often causes the premature failure inefficacy of part.Therefore, do not add the grain refining element B in this patent.
By experiment with analyze titanium aluminum alloy in different elements and content to the influence of material mechanical performance and castability, Ti-Al alloy material of the present invention is Ti-(44～48at%) Al-(3～5at%) Nb-(0.2-2.0at%) V-(0-0.8at%) Ni-(0-0.8at%) Si.
The high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy preparation method of castability excellence of the present invention is: adopt titanium sponge or other pure titanium material, AlNb alloy, AlV alloy, pure Ni, pure Al and pure Si as raw material, perhaps other can make the final composition of alloy meet the raw material of proportion requirement, melting and cast molding in vacuum consumable electrode electric arc skull crucible or vacuum induction furnace can be carried out after the vacuum melting casting or carry out casting after the argon filling melting during cast molding the titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting; Need to take out certain vacuum in advance before casting is meant ingot casting vacuum melting after the described vacuum melting, and treat that titanium aluminum alloy liquid melts the rear moulded by casting fully; Casting process is meant after the described argon filling melting needs to take out in advance certain vacuum tightness in the argon filling melting forehearth, charge into argon gas afterwards and carry out melting behind certain pressure, and treat that titanium aluminum alloy liquid melts the rear moulded by casting fully.The high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy preparation method of above-mentioned a kind of castability excellence needs twice above homogeneity with the assurance material of melting during induction furnace melting titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting; Described vacuum consumable electrode electric arc skull crucible casting with the preparation method of titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting is: at first push the titanium aluminum alloy electrode, be smelted into the titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting afterwards in vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace.
The preparation method of the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of above-mentioned castability excellence, concrete preferred manufacturing procedure can be to need the forvacuum degree below 3.5Pa in the described argon filling melting forehearth.
The preparation method of the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of above-mentioned castability excellence, concrete preferred manufacturing procedure also can be described charge into argon gas when behind certain pressure, carrying out melting argon pressure more than 60000Pa.
Raw material also can be selected other raw materials according to concrete technology, as long as can make the final composition of alloy meet Al:44.0～48.0at%, Nb:3.0～5.0at%, V:0.2-2.0at%, Ni:0-0.8at%, Si:0-0.8at%, all the other are the proportion requirement of Ti.
These technical schemes comprise that optimized technical scheme and preferred technical scheme also can make up mutually or combination, thereby reach better technique effect.
By adopting technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
The high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of a kind of castability excellence provided by the invention has improved the use temperature of general T iAl alloy, and titanium aluminum alloy can be used down at 900 ℃, and existing good temperature-room type plasticity, and good creep-resistant property and antioxidant property are arranged again.Simultaneously, this is high temperature resistant, and the gamma-TiAl alloy material has advantages of good casting, be suitable for the casting of thin-walled parts, particularly be fit to the light member material that casting high temperature is used down, as turbine blade in aircraft engine, the motor car engine turbo-supercharger etc., can improve the use properties of aircraft engine, motor car engine, have huge market outlook.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Adopt titanium sponge, AlNb50 alloy, AlV55 alloy, pure Ni, pure Al as raw material in the preparation process, preparation titanium aluminum alloy Ti-46at%Al-4at%Nb-0.7at%V-0.2at%Ni.Forvacuum degree 3.4Pa in vacuum induction furnace, argon filling carries out melting behind 60000Pa afterwards, continues to stop melting after the melting stirring 2min after Ti-Al alloy material melts fully, with titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting cool to room temperature again; By above technology titanium aluminium ingot casting melt back three times altogether (before each melting the ingot casting direction being exchanged) aluminium alloy thin-walled of back cast titanium and mechanical test coupons.
The titanium aluminum alloy room-temperature property is after tested: tensile strength is 355Mpa, and unit elongation is 0.70%; 900 ℃ of high-temperature behaviors: tensile strength is 330Mpa, and unit elongation is 3.0%.
Embodiment 2
Adopt titanium sponge, AlNb50 alloy, AlV55 alloy, pure Ni, pure Al and pure Si as raw material in the preparation process, preparation titanium aluminum alloy Ti-44at%Al-5at%Nb-0.2at%V-0.8at%Ni-0.3Si.Forvacuum degree 3.5Pa in vacuum induction furnace, argon filling carries out melting behind 60000Pa afterwards, continues to stop melting after the melting stirring 2min after Ti-Al alloy material melts fully, with titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting cool to room temperature again; By above technology titanium aluminium ingot casting melt back three times altogether (before each melting the ingot casting direction being exchanged) aluminium alloy thin-walled of back cast titanium and mechanical test coupons.
The titanium aluminum alloy room-temperature property is after tested: tensile strength is 380Mpa, and unit elongation is 0.60%; 900 ℃ of high-temperature behaviors: tensile strength is 340Mpa, and unit elongation is 2.5%.
Embodiment 3
Adopt titanium sponge, AlNb50 alloy, AlV55 alloy, pure Al and pure Si as raw material in the preparation process, preparation titanium aluminum alloy Ti-48at%Al-3at%Nb-2at%V-0.8Si.Forvacuum degree 3.5Pa in vacuum induction furnace, argon filling carries out melting behind 60000Pa afterwards, continues to stop melting after the melting stirring 2min after Ti-Al alloy material melts fully, with titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting cool to room temperature again; By above technology titanium aluminium ingot casting melt back three times altogether (before each melting the ingot casting direction being exchanged) aluminium alloy thin-walled of back cast titanium and mechanical test coupons.
The titanium aluminum alloy room-temperature property is after tested: tensile strength is 370Mpa, and unit elongation is 0.80%; 900 ℃ of high-temperature behaviors: tensile strength is 340Mpa, and unit elongation is 3.5%.
Claims (8)
1. the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of a castability excellence, it is characterized in that: this alloy belongs to gamma-TiAl alloy, and concrete chemical composition quality per-cent consists of Al:44.0～48.0at%, Nb:3.0～5.0at%, V:0.2-2.0at%, Ni:0-0.8at%, Si:0-0.8at%, all the other are Ti and unavoidable impurities element.
2. according to the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of the described castability excellence of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the concrete chemical composition quality per-cent of described alloy consists of: Al:46.0～47.0at%, Nb:3.5～4.5at%, V:0.5-1.0at%, Ni:0.2-0.6at%, Si:0.3-0.6at%, all the other are Ti and unavoidable impurities element.
3. according to the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of the described castability excellence of claim 2, it is characterized in that: the concrete chemical composition quality per-cent of described alloy consists of: Al:46.5at%; Nb:4.0at%; : 0.7at%; Ni:0.3at%; Si:0.4at%.
4. the preparation method of the high temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy of the described castability excellence of claim 1, it is characterized in that: described alloy adopts titanium sponge or other pure titanium material, AlNb alloy, AlV alloy, pure Ni, pure Al and pure Si as raw material, perhaps other can make the final composition of alloy meet the raw material of proportion requirement, melting and cast molding in vacuum consumable electrode electric arc skull crucible or vacuum induction furnace can be carried out after the vacuum melting casting or carry out casting after the argon filling melting during cast molding the titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting; Need to take out certain vacuum in advance before casting is meant ingot casting vacuum melting after the described vacuum melting, and treat that titanium aluminum alloy liquid melts the rear moulded by casting fully; Casting process is meant after the described argon filling melting needs to take out in advance certain vacuum tightness in the argon filling melting forehearth, charge into argon gas afterwards and carry out melting behind certain pressure, and treat that titanium aluminum alloy liquid melts the rear moulded by casting fully.
5. according to the described preparation method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: need twice above homogeneity of melting during induction furnace melting titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting with the assurance material.
6. according to the described preparation method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described vacuum consumable electrode electric arc skull crucible casting with the preparation method of titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting is: at first push the titanium aluminum alloy electrode, be smelted into the titanium aluminum alloy ingot casting afterwards in vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace.
7. according to the described preparation method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: need the forvacuum degree below 3.5Pa in the described argon filling melting forehearth.
8. according to the described preparation method of claim 4, it is characterized in that: described charge into argon gas when behind certain pressure, carrying out melting argon pressure more than 60000Pa.
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103834843A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-04 | 西北工业大学 | Cast-condition high-niobium TiAl alloy and method for improving alloy structure of alloy |
| CN106756081A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 钢铁研究总院 | The preparation method of big specification Ti Al Nb series alloy fines crystalline substance ingot casting |
| CN107475595A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏鑫龙化纤机械有限公司 | A kind of polyethylene fibre dry heat draw box electric heating tube alloy material |
| CN110369734A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-25 | 西安宝德九土新材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of titanium-aluminium alloy powder |
| CN110512116A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-29 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of high Nb-TiAl intermetallic compound of multicomponent high-alloying |
| CN112831708A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-25 | 新疆大学 | Titanium-aluminum-based polycrystalline heat-resistant titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN112916831A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of gamma-TiAl alloy with lamellar interface preferred orientation and fine lamellar characteristics |
| CN115194129A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | 重庆金世利航空材料有限公司 | Titanium alloy integral consumable electrode with auxiliary electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN116516213A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-08-01 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of Si-containing high Nb-TiAl alloy |
| CN116607048A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Gamma-TiAl alloy for precision casting and preparation method thereof |
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| US6051084A (en) * | 1994-10-25 | 2000-04-18 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | TiAl intermetallic compound-based alloys and methods for preparing same |
| CN101476061A (en) * | 2009-02-06 | 2009-07-08 | 洛阳双瑞精铸钛业有限公司 | High temperature resistant titanium and aluminum based alloy and manufacturing method thereof |
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Cited By (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103834843A (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2014-06-04 | 西北工业大学 | Cast-condition high-niobium TiAl alloy and method for improving alloy structure of alloy |
| CN103834843B (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-05-18 | 西北工业大学 | A kind of as-cast high-Nb TiAl alloy and improve the method for its alloy structure |
| CN106756081A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-31 | 钢铁研究总院 | The preparation method of big specification Ti Al Nb series alloy fines crystalline substance ingot casting |
| CN107475595A (en) * | 2017-07-10 | 2017-12-15 | 江苏鑫龙化纤机械有限公司 | A kind of polyethylene fibre dry heat draw box electric heating tube alloy material |
| CN110369734A (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2019-10-25 | 西安宝德九土新材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of titanium-aluminium alloy powder |
| CN110512116B (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2021-03-26 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Multicomponent high-alloying high Nb-TiAl intermetallic compound |
| CN110512116A (en) * | 2019-09-09 | 2019-11-29 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | A kind of high Nb-TiAl intermetallic compound of multicomponent high-alloying |
| CN112831708A (en) * | 2019-11-12 | 2021-05-25 | 新疆大学 | Titanium-aluminum-based polycrystalline heat-resistant titanium alloy and preparation method thereof |
| CN112916831A (en) * | 2021-01-25 | 2021-06-08 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Preparation method of gamma-TiAl alloy with lamellar interface preferred orientation and fine lamellar characteristics |
| CN116607048A (en) * | 2022-02-09 | 2023-08-18 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Gamma-TiAl alloy for precision casting and preparation method thereof |
| CN115194129A (en) * | 2022-06-02 | 2022-10-18 | 重庆金世利航空材料有限公司 | Titanium alloy integral consumable electrode with auxiliary electrode and preparation method thereof |
| CN116516213A (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2023-08-01 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of Si-containing high Nb-TiAl alloy |
| CN116516213B (en) * | 2023-03-23 | 2024-06-07 | 北京科技大学 | Preparation method of Si-containing high Nb-TiAl alloy |
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Application publication date: 20110112 |