CN101941759A - Method for improving pollution resistance and flux of membrane by using weak electric field - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving pollution resistance and flux of a membrane by using a weak electric field, which belongs to the technical field of membrane bioreactors (MBR) and is characterized in that: based on a principle that homo-polarity repels, a weak negative electric field is applied near a membrane face to increase resistance to pollutant and push the membrane pollutant away from the membrane surface and therefore has the effects of delaying the formation of a filter cake layer, increasing the pollution resistance of the membrane, improving the flux and prolonging a filtration operation period. The method is to use a conductive copper wire arranged in a plate type membrane component as a cathode or directly apply the weak negative electric field to a membrane material with the conductive property. The method has the advantages that: energy consumption is low, high-intensity electric field is avoided, and the operation is carried out in an intermittent way; the composition and metabolic characteristics of microbes are considerably influenced and the water treatment capability of the microbes is influenced; the method is convenient to implement, and power can be supplied by waste water, sludge and microbe fuels, so that additional energy consumption is avoided and water treatment capability is improved. Thus, the method has a very promising application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to membrane bioreactor (MBR) technical field.Relate to the negative charge that utilizes faint electric field and negative pole membrane contaminant generation repulsive force is slowed down the light current that pollutes, utilizes the metabolism of electric field-enhanced microorganism and utilize microbiological fuel cell to produce with controlling diaphragm.The principle that is specifically related to utilize the electronegative mostly characteristics of membrane contaminant among the MBR and the same sex to repel each other, place negative electrode or directly utilize conducting film to make negative electrode in membrane module, apply weak electric microfield, negative pole produces repulsive interaction to pollutent, delay the formation of cake layer, controlling diaphragm pollutes.Because institute's voltage that applies is lower, can utilize microbiological fuel cell that reactor is powered, have characteristics energy-conservation and fortified water treatment effect and performance.Simultaneously, faint electric field influence microbial metabolic activity and composition provide the novel method and the new direction that improve the water treatment effect.
Background technology
MBR is widely used in separation, water treatment, bio-pharmaceuticals etc.When being used for water treatment, long because of its sludge retention time, floor space is little, easy and simple to handle and level of automation is high receives much concern.Application in water treatment and market enlarge just year by year.The bottleneck factor of large-scale application changes film into by the film cost and pollutes.For keeping certain flux level and keeping normal operation, must spend a large amount of energy and medicament to eliminate the negative impact that film pollutes.This means that also alleviating film pollutes and can prolong normal operating period, reduces to shut down and carries out cleaning frequency membrane, can significantly improve the efficient of water treatment field, realizes the energy-saving and emission-reduction on higher level.
The MBR film pollution origin cause of formation and the Control Study of slowing down are numerous, and because of fundamentally not solving membrane pollution problem, this field is still the research focus.Pollute the origin cause of formation about the MBR film, people are consistent to think that extracellular polymeric (EPS), microorganism and some inorganic salt are main membrane contaminant.EPS mainly comprises protein, polysaccharide and nucleic acid.EPS and microorganism are electronegative mostly.These pollutents form cake layer or cause the obstruction in hole in films at face, cause the film effluent flux to descend.With the exception of this, film pollutes also relevant with the inorganic scale precipitation.
The method of eliminating film pollution recovery flux mainly contains physics and cleans and matting.Physics cleans and comprises that mainly face cleans and back flushing, and water is produced in this method consumption, and is difficult to clean comparatively completely; Matting generally after physics cleans, has medicament cleanings such as pickling, alkali cleaning and clorox etc., and the original position dosing also has employing, and this method is difficult to carry out, and might cause secondary pollution;
The method of decelerating membrane pollution has physical methods such as aeration, concussion, rotation, in the hope of reducing the absorption deposition of pollutent.Also have adopt operational condition optimization, medicament add, apply electric field, ultrasonic, carry out method such as membrane module optimization.The optimization of operational condition is very effective to the control that film pollutes, especially aeration intensity and hydraulic detention time are bigger to the speed influence that film pollutes, regrettably MBR kind and scale are different, still do not have the optimization that unified rule and model come the guiding operation condition up to now; Medicament adds and mainly is meant adding of various flocculation agents, increases the flocculation particle, and this method can increase processing cost and mud discharging undoubtedly; Apply the electric field controls film pollute then possess in-situ control, level of automation height, advantage that universality is good, therefore become the research focus gradually, but the suspicion that increases energy consumption also arranged.Existing report generally all adopts higher strength of electric field, and this is in the today of advocating energy-saving and emission-reduction, makes it feasibility and economy descends greatly.
Studies show that under extra electric field (20V/cm) effect hollow fiber film assembly surface cake layer thickness reduces (Jun-Ping Chen et.al.Study of the influence of the electric field on membraneflux of a new type of membrane bioreactor.Chemical Engineering Journal.2007.).Electric field is applied among the separated type MBR also can keeps membrane flux preferably, and fenestra helps the recovery of membrane flux for a short time, intermittently power supply same effectively (Kazuki Akamatsu et.al.Development of a novelfouling suppression system in membrane bioreactors using an intermittent electricfield.water research.2010.).Electrode is directly placed MBR, hollow-fibre membrane is discovered that the mud Zeta potential increases, Sludge Surface colloid form improves, and filtration capacity improves (Khalid Bani-Melhem et.al.Development of a Novel Submerged Membrane Electro-Bioreactor (SMEBR): Performance for Fouling Reduction.Environ.Sci.Technol.2010.).The author thinks that effect of electric field mainly is electricity flocculation and electric sedimentation, and colloidal solid becomes big under electric field action, is not easy to block fenestra, pollutes thereby reduce film.The voltage that above-mentioned institute applies is all bigger, and this is unfavorable for microbial growth and energy efficient.Because have little effect under the weak electric field, also nobody studies.Study also less about electric field to the influence of microorganism, the influence of water treatment capacity.
The microorganism that adapts to electric field is after domestication, and metabolic capacity is improved under effect of electric field, so the present invention's metabolism of also directly having stimulated microorganism when controlling diaphragm pollutes, has strengthened it and has handled the ability of some pollutents.
The present invention has changed the position of negative electrode, be placed on after the film or directly make the film conduction as negative electrode, make its repulsion that mud is produced directly pass film and realize, can pollute control to film like this and play direct effect, also just must reduce the voltage that is applied, voltage of the present invention only also produces appreciable results for 0.2V less than 0.5V.And this voltage can utilize microbiological fuel cell that reactor is powered fully, and this has eliminated the doubt that energy consumption improves undoubtedly fully, and microbiological fuel cell also can treating part sewage simultaneously, and this must form the situation of achieving many things at one stroke.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is: utilize faint electric field that the MBR film is polluted and carry out original position and control efficiently.And taking from copper wire in the lead, then broken the constraint of electrode selection as anode with stainless steel as negative electrode, for the application of this invention provides cost savings; The application of electric microfield has then significantly reduced energy consumption, has eliminated the high doubt of energy consumption.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: this membrane bioreactor comprises the water inlet that all has of general membrane bioreactor and water level control system, outlet system, aerating system, electric field supply system.And key component be improved weak electric field applying method and device and with the organic coupling of membrane module.Electric field can be supplied with D.C. regulated power supply or microbiological fuel cell.Apply weak electric field voltage less than 0.5V, field intensity is less than 0.2V/cm.
Too fast for avoiding excessive suction to cause film to pollute, the present invention adopts intermittently water outlet, keeps electric field start-stop ratio that applies and the start-stop that aspirates water outlet than consistent simultaneously, and the repulsion of negative electrode works simultaneously to avoid the too fast formation of cake layer when suction; Electric field disappears when stopping to aspirate, and aeration can make the material of the positively charged of face absorption be washed away, thereby avoids forming electrostatic double layer.
The present invention is by directly apply electric field on after-applied electric field of face or use conducting film, so that directly repel pollutent, with control and decelerating membrane pollution.Because electric field acts directly on the film or near the face, employed voltage and strength of electric field are less, the result shows that the film pollution has obtained control preferably under weak electric field, and it is all comparatively slow to show as flux lowering speed and transmembrane pressure lift velocity.The higher flux level and the long cycle of operation have been kept.
Effect of the present invention and benefit are easy and simple to handle, can directly reequip pre-existing reactors, applying of electric microfield is then low to the consumption of the energy, use the microbiological fuel cell of sewage disposal or sludge treatment then to avoid adding energy consumption fully, become the facility of giving up to green energy resource, the raising water treatment efficiency more being provided.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the electric microfield controlling diaphragm pollutes contrast operation MBR synoptic diagram.
Fig. 2 is a built-in electrode plate type membrane component disassembly diagram.
The MBR transmembrane pressure changed contrast figure when whether Fig. 3 applied weak electric field.
The MBR effluent flux changed contrast figure when whether Fig. 4 applied weak electric field.
Among the figure: 1 elevated tank; The liquid level control water tank of 2 dribbling valves; 3 water outlet peristaltic pumps; 4 vacuum meters; 5 stainless (steel) wire anodes; 6 built-in electrode plate type membrane components or conducting film assembly; 7 direct supplys or microbiological fuel cell; 8 common plate type membrane components; 9 aeration pumps; 10 gas meters; 11 aeration heads; 12 include the lead (negative electrode) of thin copper wire; 13 membrane module rising pipes; 14 holding bolts; 15 sealing frames; 16 non-woven membranes; 17 plate type membrane component supporters; A applies the reactor of electric field; B does not apply the reactor of electric field.
Fig. 3 has or not electric microfield to make time spent transmembrane pressure variation diagram, and X-coordinate is reactor working time (unit: day), and ordinate zou is transmembrane pressure (MPa); Fig. 4 is then for having or not electric microfield to make time spent membrane flux variation diagram.X-coordinate is time (unit sky), and ordinate zou is membrane flux (L/ (h*m
2)) changing conditions.Circle symbol ● expression does not apply the transmembrane pressure of reactor of electric field and the changing conditions of membrane flux; Four directions symbol ■ represents to apply the transmembrane pressure of reactor of electric field and the changing conditions of membrane flux.Can find obviously that from figure weak electric field has remarkable restraining effect to the decay of MBR membrane flux and the increase of transmembrane pressure when using the plate type membrane component of built-in negative electrode.
Embodiment
Be described in detail the specific embodiment of the present invention below in conjunction with technical scheme and accompanying drawing.
The MBR system contains common water inlet and water level control system (elevated tank and balanced reservoir), the elevated tank water storage, and balanced reservoir is by the liquid level in the ball valve controlling reactor, and intaking is artificial simulated wastewater.Outlet system adopts peristaltic pump suction water outlet, settles vacuum meter with monitoring membrane module transmembrane pressure at the peristaltic pump front end.Aerating system adopts the air aeration machine to carry out aeration, and gas flow adopts gas rotameter control.
Membrane module applies the weak electric field method: as shown in Figure 2, the lead 13 that includes copper wire is peelled off the insulation sheath of suitable length, exposed copper wire is divided equally two parts place plate type membrane component supporter 18 both sides, to seal frame 16 and non-woven membrane 17 is fastening with holding bolt 15, the membrane module of no built-in electrode is consistent with the membrane module assembling mode that electrode is arranged.The built-in electrode membrane module that assembles is placed reactor A, and the membrane module of no built-in electrode places reactor B to compare.
The operation of reactor stores water inlet as shown in Figure 1 in elevated tank 1, water inlet is through balanced reservoir 2 inflow reactor A, the B of dribbling valve and to control its liquid level constant.Open the aeration pump 9 of aerating system, utilize gas meter 10 adjustments of gas flows.Start outlet system, promptly open peristaltic pump 3, regulate its rotating speed to appropriate value, transmembrane pressure is by the monitoring of vacuum meter 4 readings, and flux then adopts graduated cylinder to access the water outlet of once taking out the cycle of stopping and calculates.Electric field and water outlet start/stop time are by time switch 12 controls.Applying electric field is 0.2V.Transmembrane pressure among the MBR that observes rises and accompanying drawing 3 and Fig. 4 are seen in the flux downtrending.Illustrate that weak electric field has significantly improved the antifouling property of film, improved membrane flux, and kept long filtration cycle.
Mould material such as polyaniline composite film material with self-conductive are made negative electrode, and it is compound with the conductive polymers polyaniline to be about to non-woven membrane, this film is placed plate type membrane component and insert the negative pole of power supply, make film possess filtration simultaneously and apply the ability that electric field is made negative pole.All the other implementation steps are as described in the example 1.Obtained the effect of significant similarly to Example 1 decelerating membrane pollution and raising flux.
Because this invention required voltage is less, microbiological fuel cell can satisfy the invention required voltage fully, therefore direct supply is replaced by microbiological fuel cell and powers, and all the other embodiments are shown in example 1.The use of microbiological fuel cell will be avoided the raising of energy consumption fully, and microorganism pigment battery can be managed the matter and energy that utilizes in part mud, the part of contaminated water.Its effect that improves film antifouling property and flux is similar to embodiment 1.
Electric field has been strengthened the metabolism of microorganism when controlling diaphragm pollutes, the operation of carrying out according to example 1 is the metabolic activity of enhancement microbiological simultaneously, has improved water treatment capacity, as improving denitrogenation dephosphorizing ability 10%-40%.
Claims (1)
1. one kind is utilized the antifouling property of weak electric field raising film and the method for flux, the method that it is characterized in that utilizing the built-in cathode electrode of membrane module or on conducting film, directly apply weak electric field, increase the electric field and the negative charge of face annex, utilize principle of same-sex repulsion to repel EPS extracellular polymeric and microorganism in the membrane bioreactor, slow down pollutant sediment, improve the contamination resistance of film, it is characterized in that:
A) cathode electrode that applies electric field places membrane module inside, applies voltage less than 0.5V;
When b) using mould material to have conduction property, film directly applies the negative pole of electric field, applies voltage less than 0.5V;
C) electric field be provide by direct supply or provide by microbial battery;
D) this weak electric field applies with intermittent mode.
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CN102616918A (en) * | 2012-03-23 | 2012-08-01 | 大连理工大学 | Membrane bioreactor (MBR)/microbial fuel cell (MFC) directly-coupled reactor and wastewater treatment method |
CN102633360A (en) * | 2012-04-24 | 2012-08-15 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | MBR (membrane biochemical reactor) integrated device for alleviating membrane pollution by utilizing microorganism electrogenesis |
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Cited By (27)
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