CN101936525B - Low NOx rotational flow coal dust combustion device of industrial boiler - Google Patents
Low NOx rotational flow coal dust combustion device of industrial boiler Download PDFInfo
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- CN101936525B CN101936525B CN2010102922693A CN201010292269A CN101936525B CN 101936525 B CN101936525 B CN 101936525B CN 2010102922693 A CN2010102922693 A CN 2010102922693A CN 201010292269 A CN201010292269 A CN 201010292269A CN 101936525 B CN101936525 B CN 101936525B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low NOx rotational flow coal dust combustion device of an industrial boiler, belonging to the technical field of industrial boilers. The low NOx rotational flow coal dust combustion device of the industrial boiler comprises a hearth, a rotational flow coal dust burner, a burnout chamber, a tail flue, an ash bucket, an economizer and an air preheater, wherein the hearth is divided into a lower heat-insulation hearth and an upper water cooled hearth; the heat-insulation hearth is positioned on the lower part of the hearth and is in a front-back wall protruded or left-right wall protruded structure; the rotational flow coal dust burner is respectively arranged on the left and right walls or the back and rear walls of the heat-insulation hearth; the ash bucket is positioned in the lower part of the heat-insulation hearth to collect the ash residue of combusted coal dust; the water cooled hearth is internally provided with a water cooled wall used for adsorbing radiant heat and convection heat so as to heat steam water mixture from the economizer; the burnout chamber is positioned on the upper outlet of the heart; the tail flue is positioned on the outlet of the burnout chamber; and the economizer and the air preheater are successively arranged in the tail flue. The invention realizes hedging combustion of the left and right walls or the back and rear walls of the rotational flow burner so as to realize stable and efficient combustion and realize the application of the low NOx combustion technology.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the device in a kind of Industrial Boiler Technology field, especially a kind of Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner.
Background technology
In China more than 50 ten thousand Industrial Boilers are arranged approximately, annual burning coal surpasses 400,000,000 tons, and most of Industrial Boiler actual operating efficiency is about 70%; Energy utilization rate is low; Energy consumption is big, and the problem of environmental pollution that soot emissions caused is very serious, and gross contamination emission is near station boiler.Aspect fuel; Industrial boilers in China is all directly burnt without the raw coal of washing and processed; Can not satisfy the requirement of all kinds of combustion apparatus to ature of coal, cause stove internal combustion situation bad, the concentration of the flue dust in the flue gas, SOx, NOx, CO is big; Not only the thermal efficiency of boiler is low, and major polluting atmosphere environment.Aspect combustion apparatus, the combustion apparatus of Industrial Boiler is generally the grate firing combustion apparatus, has been characterized in fire grate; Coal is spreading stratification shape on fire grate; Form certain thickness burning zone, air mainly is under fire grate, to send into, the coal seam and carry out combustion reaction with it of flowing through.There are a series of problems in its combustion apparatus, and for the stationary furnace grate furnace, main operation leans on manpower to accomplish, and labour intensity is big, and condition is poor, and the thermal efficiency is low, also has periodically over-emitting black exhaust, contaminated environment; For chain furnace, though technical maturity, stable and reliable operation; Efficiency of combustion is also higher, the strong coking capacity coal but chain furnace should not burn, and also also there is obvious influence in the water content of coal to the burning of chain furnace; The coal water content is too high; In the preheating and drying stage with prolonging coal, burning, the active length in after-flame stage on the effective length of fire grate, have been shortened, with causing bigger solid imperfect combustion, heat loss due to exhaust gas; When burning low-volatile meager coal and anthracite, fugitive constituent will be than just separating out under the high stable, the difficulty of catching fire, and the burning early-stage preparations stage is long, burns, time of after-flame shortens relatively, can make solid combustion not exclusively lose increase; Pit ash content is also influential to mode chain furnace combustion, because the carrying out of burning, coal ash constantly accumulates and caused ash content parcel coal, has increased the difficulty of coke burning, after-flame; There is the theory of hierarchies of chain furnace can know that layering is bad equally, causes the reduction of efficiency of combustion easily.Raise stove for back and forth pushing away, the fire grate cooling condition is poor, and the low volatilization of should not burning, ash are measured less and high bituminous coal and the anthracite of caloric value, and fire grate burns out or comes off and is difficult to find or change, and influences the safe operation of boiler.Aspect heating surface, owing to be grate firing, and the bags compares lessly, and it is relatively intensive that this makes heating surface arrange, heating surface arranges and just be restricted that the relative pulverized-coal fired boiler of the rated capacity of Industrial Boiler will reduce a lot.Owing to be the burning raw coal, so Industrial Boiler is not very high for the requirement of coal pulverizer, but pollutant emission will be very serious.The burning of the grate firing of Industrial Boiler, and burning is the raw coal without washing and processed, efficiency of combustion is low than the chamber burner in grate firing; Consider that the direct of travel of grate firing combustion fuel and the flow direction of high-temperature flue gas are different, fuel is identical with the direct of travel of fire grate, and flue gas then is the flue direction along burner hearth; This more is unfavorable for after-flame, has caused the solid incomplete combustion loss, and burning is carried out in the less relatively grate firing chamber of volume; The required air that burns is sent into from the fire grate bottom, and air capacity is enough, and this just makes burning under oxidizing atmosphere, carry out; Do not reduce discharging the measure of NOx simultaneously, make NOx generate and increase.Moreover; For reducing discharging NOx, be to reduce heating power type NOx, fuel type NOx and the generation of type NOx fast in essence, because burning is the raw coal of washing and handling without choosing; Industrial Boiler is the colm of burning mostly; Nitrogen content is higher, and the oxygen concentration of combustion chamber is than higher, and the generation meeting of fuel type NOx is more; Indoor at grate firing, because the combustion space is less, temperature is higher, and the generation meeting of heating power type NOx is more; The hydrocarbon CNi and the airborne N that produce when the generation of type NOx is burning fast
2Molecule has produced CN and HCN, then has been oxidized to NOx, and in the indoor because temperature of grate firing than higher, air ratio is more abundant, though fast type NOx total to account for NOx growing amount ratio less, but it is easy to generate under the atmosphere of grate firing.So the grate firing of Industrial Boiler makes the generation of NOx easier than grate furnace, realize and its control is more difficult.The existing mature technologies such as air classification, low oxygen combustion, fuel staging that comprise on the draining technology of control NOx in the burner of chamber; And being implemented in of these measures is difficult to realize in the grate firing burning; Send under fire grate in the grate firing air; The limited length of fire grate is difficult for realizing the air classification burning on the fire grate, if adopt air classification also can cause very big incomplete combustion loss; Because the direct of travel of grate firing burning and the flow direction of high-temperature flue gas are different, can not realize along the air classification on the flow of flue gas direction.
Retrieval through to prior art is found; China document number CN101334164A has put down in writing a kind of " a kind of combustion method of Industrial Boiler ", is characterized in the fire grate of boiler bottom is removed; Become the suspension combustion burner hearth; In burner hearth one side a burner is installed at least, coal dust gets into burner after getting into electronic scale through coal bunker, then with air mixed combustion.Its technical thought is: repack original fire grate combustion chamber into cylindric combustion chamber; One side is installed turbulent burner in the tubular combustion chamber, through sending into and time of sending into of secondary wind of control primary wind and powder; Secondary air flow is organized burning, thereby reduces discharging the generation of NOx.But these technology realize fully and be difficult for, at first, because the combustion chamber is a tubular; Be about 2 meters, and burner is installed in burner hearth one side, the flame travel of turbulent burner is shorter; Burning for the later stage is unfavorable, and this outer burner orientation sprays into from burner hearth one side, and the mixing in later stage is unfavorable; Be unfavorable for completing combustion, just reduced efficiency of combustion; Next is exactly that coal dust will get into burner combustion through electronic scale, and does not have the feedback information of coal dust firing, and the completing combustion for burner is not easy to have controlled like this; After all when the higher brown coal of burning fugitive constituent, flame mechanism is than very fast, and when lower bituminous coal of burning fugitive constituent and anthracite; The process of burning is just slow; This feedback request for electronic scale is just relatively stricter, otherwise will cause the incomplete combustion of coal dust, causes flue gas loss to increase.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the above-mentioned deficiency that prior art exists, a kind of Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner is provided, in conjunction with the combustion system of chamber burner; On Industrial Boiler, propose pulverized coal combustion, remove the fire grate in the Industrial Boiler, adiabatic lower hearth is set; At burner hearth front-back wall or both walls spiral coal powder burner is installed; Realize the front-back wall of turbulent burner or the opposed firing of both walls, can realize the stability and high efficiency burning, be prone to realize the application of low NOx combusting technology again; Thereby it is lower to solve combustion of industrial boiler efficient, problems such as pollutant emission height.
The present invention realizes through following technical scheme; The present invention includes: burner hearth, vortex burner, secondary furnace, back-end ductwork, ash bucket, economizer and air preheater; Wherein: burner hearth is divided into the adiabatic furnace of bottom and the water-cooled furnace on top; Adiabatic furnace is positioned at lower furnace portion and is front-back wall protrusion or left and right sides wall projective structure, and vortex burner is arranged at the front-back wall or the left and right sides wall of adiabatic furnace respectively, and ash bucket is positioned at the adiabatic furnace bottom to collect the lime-ash behind the coal dust firing; Thereby be provided with water-cooling wall in the water-cooled furnace to absorb the steam water interface that the heating of radiations heat energy and convection heat comes from economizer; Secondary furnace is positioned at the upper outlet of burner hearth, and back-end ductwork is positioned at the secondary furnace outlet, and economizer and air preheater are set in turn in the back-end ductwork.
Described adiabatic furnace for the domes of protrusion with the abundant mixing after-flames of convenient coal dust, two described vortex burners lay respectively at behind the wall of adiabatic furnace wall or left and right sides wall and form the opposed firing mode.
Described vortex burner is the low NOx cyclone coal burner; Its inside is provided with burning torch; The import of vortex burner is provided with the central air hose road, and the outside in central air hose road is the primary wind and powder passage, and the outside of primary wind and powder passage is provided with secondary air channel and tertiary air passage successively.
Described water-cooling wall is formed by common seamless steel pipe bending process, generally is to press close to the combustion chamber inwall, vertically in parallel to each other arrange that evenly the upper end is connected with pan pipe or upper collecting chamber, and the lower end is connected with the next part case.In natural circulation boiler, water-cooling wall external diameter commonly used has 60mm, 76mm, 83mm etc., and wall thickness is 3.5～6mm, and caliber is more little, and the metal material that furnace wall consumed that hides same area is few more.
The built-in high-temperature surface of described secondary furnace, superheater and boiler tube bundle are arranged in the import of secondary furnace successively,
Described boiler tube bundle is connected and composed by last lower drum and convection bank, and it is the boiler steel pipe composition of 38～60mm that diameter is generally used in convection bank; The centre of this convection bank is provided with some partition walls and realizes that the guiding flue gas comes and goes and wash away tube bank to form corresponding flue.
Described economizer is cast iron gilled tube economizer or steel tube economizer, and wherein: cast iron gilled tube economizer is composed in series by cast iron and 180 ° of cast-iron bends that some outsides have square fin; Steel tube economizer is composed in series by some parallel snakelike seamless steel pipes; The horizontal stagger arrangement of pipe is arranged; Outer diameter of steel pipes commonly used is 25～42mm; The pipe transverse pitch is 2.0～3.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the pipe longitudinal pitch is 1.5～2.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the import and export end of each coiled pipe is connected with import and export collection case respectively.
Described air preheater is Vertical Steel tube air preheater or horizontal steel pipe air preheater; Wherein: the vertical air preheater is arranged at the outside rectangular pipe box of steel pipe by some steel pipes that are welded on the staggered arrangement between upper and lower tube sheet and sealing and forms; Flue gas is mobile heat release in steel pipe, and air is the transversal flow heat absorption outside steel pipe; The horizontal air preheater is composed in series by some horizontal tubes, and air flows in horizontal tube and absorbs heat, and flue gas is the transversal flow heat release outside horizontal tube, and its external diameter is 38～42mm, and flue gas flow rate is 8～12m/s, and air velocity is 6～10m/s.
Described swirling pulverized coal combustion device also comprises auxiliary pulverized coal preparation system; Should comprise by auxiliary pulverized coal preparation system: coal pulverizer, primary air fan, overfire air fan and valve; Wherein: the output of primary air fan divides two-way to get into coal pulverizer and air preheater respectively; Overfire air fan is penetrated and as for the output of air preheater, and above-mentioned two-way reaches after mixing to fixed temperature is laggard goes into coal pulverizer.
Because the Capacity Ratio of Industrial Boiler is less; On Industrial Boiler, generally do not adopt huge relatively steel ball coal-grinding pulverized coal preparation system of system and warehouse style powder feed system; And adopt medium-speed pulverizer and unit pulverized-coal system thereof, be characterized in arranging compactness, small investment; Unit power consumption is little, suitable variable load operation.Be divided into malleation and negative pressure system with respect to middling speed coal-grinding and pulverized coal preparation system thereof, consider that its inleakage of direct-firing negative pressure system is big, the Powder discharging fan serious wear, efficient is lower, power consumption is bigger; The air themperature of considering malleation heat primary air system again is high, specific volume is big, and the blower fan volume is big, and power consumption is high, and high temperature erosion takes place easily; Operational efficiency and reliability are low, can adopt the cold primary air system of direct-firing malleation, and its air themperature is low, and specific volume is little; The blower fan volume is little, and power consumption is low, and efficient is high.In addition, the cold primary air fan of high-head can doublely be made seal fan, the simplification system, and hot blast temperature does not receive the restriction of primary air fan, can satisfy the requirement that grinds than the high-moisture coal; Simultaneously; It is slow less economical with underrun to consider that unit pulverized-coal system changes response to boiler load; Also can adopt bin storage type pulverizing system, the restriction of coming out no longer to receive boiler load of coal pulverizer can move under optimum condition all the time; Can guarantee required fineness of pulverized coal, good economy performance.
On Industrial Boiler, adopt the spiral-flow powdered coal burning technology, have the following advantages:
The application of 1 vortex burner; Substituted the grate firing combustion system; The fuel motion direction of grate firing is different with the direction of flame; And the swirl flow combustion mode makes the flow direction of flow direction and flue gas of coal dust identical, and the burn-up efficiency of coal dust has dropped to the unburned carbon in flue dust in the flue gas than the height of grate firing mode; Simultaneously, the application of vortex burner makes that the mixing of coal dust and high-temperature flue gas in the stove is more abundant, helps after-flame, and the incorporation time of turbulent burner rationalization primary and secondary air and the wind rate of primary and secondary air help controlling the generation of NOx; In addition, turbulent burner can burn in self-organizing, keeps the stable of burning and carries out; And the oil burner nozzle in the turbulent burner helps igniting, and boiler load changes fast.
2 Industrial Boilers fire mode by the grate firing mode chamber of transforming as, combusting coal fines, and the efficient of burning improves greatly; Flying dust concentration in the flue gas improves; Strengthen convection heating surface and conduct heat, heating surface is arranged and will be reduced with respect to the traditional industry boiler, thereby practiced thrift the heating surface material.
The fire grate of traditional industry boiler has been removed in the application of 3 vortex burners, the coal cinder that no longer burns, avoided because of the restriction of fire grate length can not completing combustion.The swirl flow combustion of coal dust, the negative pressuren zone at burner outlet place entrainments high-temperature flue gas, makes the efficiency of combustion of coal dust improve, and has improved the efficient of boiler.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of steam generator system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the flow direction of the left view and the flue gas thereof of steam generator system.
Fig. 3 is embodiment 2 steam generator system vortex burner front views.
Fig. 4 is the left view of embodiment 2 steam generator systems.
Fig. 5 is coal pulverizer and pulverized coal preparation system thereof.
The specific embodiment
Elaborate in the face of embodiments of the invention down, present embodiment provided detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment being to implement under the prerequisite with technical scheme of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
As shown in figures 1 and 3; Present embodiment comprises: burner hearth 1, vortex burner 2, secondary furnace 3, back-end ductwork 4, ash bucket 5, economizer 6 and air preheater 7; Wherein: burner hearth 1 is divided into the adiabatic furnace 1 of bottom and the water-cooled furnace 1 on top; Adiabatic furnace 1 is positioned at burner hearth 1 bottom and for front-back wall or left and right sides wall projective structure, vortex burner 2 is arranged at the left and right sides wall of adiabatic furnace 1 respectively, and ash bucket 5 is positioned at adiabatic furnace 1 bottom to collect the lime-ash behind the coal dust firing; Thereby be provided with water-cooling wall 10 in the water-cooled furnace 1 to absorb the steam water interface of radiations heat energy and convection heat heating from economizer 6; Secondary furnace 3 is positioned at the upper outlet of burner hearth 1, and back-end ductwork 4 is positioned at secondary furnace 3 outlets, and economizer 6 is set in turn in the back-end ductwork 4 with air preheater 7.
Described adiabatic furnace 1 is the abundant mixing after-flames of the domes of protrusion with convenient coal dust, and two described vortex burners 2 lay respectively at the left and right sides wall of adiabatic furnace 1 and form the opposed firing mode.
Described vortex burner 2 is a low NOx cyclone coal burner 2; Its inside is provided with a burning torch 8; The import of vortex burner 2 is provided with central air hose road 9; The outside in central air hose road 9 is the primary wind and powder passage, and the outside of primary wind and powder passage is provided with secondary air channel and tertiary air passage successively.
Described water-cooling wall 10 is formed by common seamless steel pipe bending process, generally is to press close to combustion chamber 2 inwalls, vertically in parallel to each other arrange that evenly the upper end is connected with pan pipe or upper collecting chamber, and the lower end is connected with the next part case.In natural circulation boiler, water-cooling wall 10 external diameters commonly used have 60mm, 76mm, 83mm etc., and wall thickness is 3.5～6mm, and caliber is more little, and the metal material that furnace wall consumed that hides same area is few more.
Described secondary furnace 3 built-in high-temperature surfaces, the import of secondary furnace 3 are arranged superheater 11 and boiler tube bundle 12 successively,
Described boiler tube bundle 12 is connected and composed by last lower drum and convection bank, and it is the boiler steel pipe composition of 38～60mm that diameter is generally used in convection bank; The centre of this convection bank is provided with some partition walls and realizes that the guiding flue gas comes and goes and wash away tube bank to form corresponding flue.
Described economizer 6 comprises cast iron gilled tube economizer 6 or steel tube economizer 6, and wherein: cast iron gilled tube economizer 6 is composed in series by cast iron and 180 ° of cast-iron bends that some outsides have square fin; Steel tube economizer 6 is made up of many parallel snakelike seamless steel pipes; The horizontal stagger arrangement of pipe is arranged; Outer diameter of steel pipes commonly used is 25～42mm; The pipe transverse pitch is 2.0～3.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the pipe longitudinal pitch is 1.5～2.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the import and export end of each coiled pipe is connected with import and export collection case respectively.
Described air preheater 7 comprises Vertical Steel tube air preheater 7 or horizontal steel pipe air preheater 7; Wherein: vertical air preheater 7 is that the steel pipe by many staggered arrangement is welded between upper and lower tube sheet; Seal with steel plate all around; Go into bobbin carriage, flue gas is mobile heat release in pipe, and air transversal flow heat absorption outside pipe; Horizontal air preheater 7 slightly is made up of horizontal tube, the air heat absorption of in pipe, flowing, and flue gas transversal flow heat release outside managing, its external diameter is 38～42mm, and flue gas flow rate is 8～12m/s, and air velocity is 6～10m/s.
Has auxiliary pulverized coal preparation system 13 on the described industrial boiler system; Comprise coal pulverizer 14, primary air fan 15, overfire air fan 16 and valve; One time wind divides two-way to get into coal pulverizer 14; One the tunnel is through after air preheater 7 heating, and one the tunnel reaches after mixing via overfire air fan 16, two transportation work styles to fixed temperature is laggard and goes into coal pulverizer 14; Because the Capacity Ratio of Industrial Boiler is less; On Industrial Boiler, generally do not adopt huge relatively steel ball coal-grinding pulverized coal preparation system of system 13 and warehouse style powder feed system; And adopt medium-speed pulverizer 14 and unit pulverized-coal system 13 thereof, be characterized in arranging compactness, small investment; Unit power consumption is little, suitable variable load operation.Be divided into malleation and negative pressure system with respect to middling speed coal-grinding and pulverized coal preparation system 13 thereof, consider that its inleakage of direct-firing negative pressure system is big, the Powder discharging fan serious wear, efficient is lower, power consumption is bigger; The air themperature of considering malleation heat primary air system again is high, specific volume is big, and the blower fan volume is big, and power consumption is high, and high temperature erosion takes place easily; Operational efficiency and reliability are low, can adopt the cold primary air system of direct-firing malleation, and its air themperature is low, and specific volume is little; The blower fan volume is little, and power consumption is low, and efficient is high.In addition, the cold primary air fan 15 of high-head can doublely be made seal fan, the simplification system, and hot blast temperature does not receive the restriction of primary air fan 15, can satisfy the requirement that grinds than the high-moisture coal; Simultaneously; It is slow less economical with underrun to consider that 13 pairs of boiler loads of unit pulverized-coal system change response; Also can adopt bin storage type pulverizing system 13, the restriction of coming out no longer to receive boiler load of coal pulverizer 14 can move under optimum condition all the time; Can guarantee required fineness of pulverized coal, good economy performance.
The present embodiment workflow is following: according to the flow direction of flue gas, the burner hearth 1 of boiler is divided into adiabatic furnace 1, water-cooled furnace 1, is thereafter secondary furnace 3 and back-end ductwork 4.The grate furnace venting of former Industrial Boiler is fallen, be set to adiabatic furnace 1, adiabatic furnace 1 is the burner hearth 1 of protrusion, and wherein the both walls width is 1.1～1.3 times of water-cooled furnace 1, and adiabatic furnace 1 is chimney arch with water-cooled furnace 1 junction.Its adiabatic furnace 1 bottom is an ash bucket 5; Enlarge combustion chamber 2 volumes like this, made coal dust fully to burn, helped after-flame; And help the layout of turbulent burner 2; The turbulent burner 2 that makes both walls arrange forms opposed jets, be unlikely to because of the too short coal dust that causes of distance towards wall, cause the slagging scorification of coal dust; Efficient low NOx cyclone burner 2 is installed in the both walls of adiabatic furnace 1; It can self-organizing burn the stability that helps burning, the wind rate and the swirl strength of the primary and secondary air of turbulent burner 2; Can be according to coal characteristic; Combustion intensity in the stove is regulated, and can control the generation of NOx, reduces the discharging of NOx; The oil gun device of turbulent burner 2 inside can play the ignition smooth combustion effect.Vortex burner 2 in the present embodiment, for reasonably tissue burning, turbulent burner 2 should have torch oil gun; There is oil burner nozzle the center; Helping the initial stage igniting like this, is a wind from inside to outside successively, secondary wind, swirl secondary air, the outer secondary wind of direct current in the direct current.The mixing of primary and secondary air is adjustable, postpones wind powder mixed process, realizes the local classification of air, reduces the growing amount that combustion intensity and peak flame temperature suppress NOx.When using bituminous coal, primary air flow is about 20% of total blast volume, and interior secondary air flow is about 15%～25% of total blast volume, and all the other are outer secondary wind, and this for the emission reduction effect of NOx clearly.
The fire grate in the former combustion of industrial boiler chamber 2 is removed in combustion chamber 2 in the present embodiment when implementing, adiabatic furnace 1 is set; Its left and right sides wall outwards protrudes, and forms the burner hearth 1 of protrusion, can increase the volume of adiabatic furnace 1 like this; Help the abundant mixing of coal dust, after-flame; Put vortex burner 2 at adiabatic furnace 1 left and right sides wall paper; Form the combustion system that left and right sides wall liquidates; Vortex burner 2 burning organizational capacities are strong; The radiation effects of its top chimney arch, and burner 2 goes out between interior backflow and burner 2 and furnace wall, the chimney arch of interruption-forming to form exteenal reflux, these factors have strengthened the efficient burning of coal powder ignition stability and coal dust greatly.The application of spiral-flow powdered coal burning improves the burn-off rate of coal dust, the raising of flying dust concentration in the flue gas, and the caloric receptivity of convection heating surface has increased, and then can reduce the layout of heating surface, saves material.
Secondary furnace 3 in the present embodiment for low-pressure boiler, has also been arranged boiler tube bundle 12 behind superheater 11 when implementing, boiler tube bundle 12 is connected and composed by last lower drum and convection bank; It is the boiler steel pipe composition of 38～60mm that diameter is generally used in convection bank, in order fully to absorb heat, in the middle of convection bank, forms several flues with partition wall usually; The guiding flue gas comes and goes and washes away tube bank, and the tube bank of being washed away earlier by flue gas usually is because it is more to conduct heat; Steam water interface density is little in managing, and becomes the mobile tedge of carbonated drink, is then then become the mobile down-comer of carbonated drink owing to heat transfer is less relatively by the tube bank of sweep of gases; Because the burn-off rate of novel industrial boiler is high, flying dust concentration is high in the flue gas, and heating surface conducts heat strong; Caloric receptivity increases, and then convection bank can be arranged still less, economical with materials.
Economizer 6 in the present embodiment is when implementing, and cast iron gilled tube economizer 6 is composed in series by cast iron and 180 ° of cast-iron bends that some outsides have square fin; Steel tube economizer 6 is made up of many parallel snakelike seamless steel pipes; The horizontal stagger arrangement of pipe is arranged; Outer diameter of steel pipes commonly used is 25～42mm; The pipe transverse pitch is 2.0～3.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the pipe longitudinal pitch is 1.5～2.0 with the ratio of tube outer diameter, and the import and export end of each coiled pipe is connected with import and export collection case respectively.
Present embodiment air preheater 7 is welded between upper and lower tube sheet for the steel pipe of vertical air preheater 7 by many staggered arrangement when implementing, and with the steel plate sealing, goes into bobbin carriage all around, and flue gas is mobile heat release in pipe, and air transversal flow heat absorption outside pipe; Be made up of horizontal tube bundle for horizontal air preheater 7, air flows in pipe and absorbs heat, flue gas transversal flow heat release outside pipe, and its external diameter is 38～42mm, and flue gas flow rate is 8～12m/s, and air velocity is 6～10m/s.
The pulverized coal preparation system 13 of present embodiment is when implementing, and is as shown in Figure 5, can adopt medium-speed pulverizer; Because it arranges compact, reduced investment, unit power consumption is few; Suitable variable load operation adopts the cold primary air system of direct-firing malleation, and the cold primary air fan 15 of high-head can doublely be made seal fan; The simplification system, hot blast temperature does not receive the restriction of primary air fan 15, can satisfy the requirement that grinds than the high-moisture coal; It is slow relatively relatively poor relatively with the underrun economy to consider that 13 pairs of boiler loads of unit pulverized-coal system change response; Also can adopt bin storage type pulverizing system 13; Exerting oneself of coal pulverizer 14 no longer receives the restriction of boiler load; All the time can under optimum condition, move, can guarantee required fineness of pulverized coal, good economy performance.
Present embodiment comprises: burner hearth 1, vortex burner 2, secondary furnace 3, back-end ductwork 4, ash bucket 5, economizer 6 and air preheater 7; Wherein: burner hearth 1 is divided into the adiabatic furnace 1 of bottom and the water-cooled furnace 1 on top; Adiabatic furnace 1 is positioned at burner hearth 1 bottom and is the front-back wall projective structure; Vortex burner 2 is arranged at the front-back wall of adiabatic furnace 1 respectively; Ash bucket 5 is positioned at adiabatic furnace 1 bottom to collect the lime-ash behind the coal dust firing, heats steam water interface from economizer 6 to absorb radiations heat energy with convection heat thereby be provided with water-cooling wall 10 in the water-cooled furnace 1, and secondary furnace 3 is positioned at the upper outlet of burner hearth 1; Back-end ductwork 4 is positioned at secondary furnace 3 outlets, and economizer 6 is set in turn in the back-end ductwork 4 with air preheater 7.
Described adiabatic furnace 1 is the abundant mixing after-flames of the domes of protrusion with convenient coal dust, and two described vortex burners 2 lay respectively at the front-back wall of adiabatic furnace 1 and form the combustion system that liquidates.
The present embodiment workflow is following: according to the flow direction of flue gas, the burner hearth 1 of boiler is divided into adiabatic furnace 1, water-cooled furnace 1, is thereafter secondary furnace 3 and back-end ductwork 4.The grate furnace venting of former Industrial Boiler is fallen, be set to adiabatic furnace 1, adiabatic furnace 1 is the burner hearth 1 of protrusion, and wherein the front-back wall width is 1.1～1.3 times of water-cooled furnace 1, and adiabatic furnace 1 is chimney arch with water-cooled furnace 1 junction.Its adiabatic furnace 1 bottom is an ash bucket 5; Enlarge combustion chamber 2 volumes like this, made coal dust fully to burn, helped after-flame; And help the layout of turbulent burner 2; The turbulent burner 2 that makes front-back wall arrange forms opposed jets, be unlikely to because of the too short coal dust that causes of distance towards wall, cause the slagging scorification of coal dust; Efficient low NOx cyclone burner 2 is installed in the front-back wall of adiabatic furnace 1; It can self-organizing burn the stability that helps burning, the wind rate and the swirl strength of the primary and secondary air of turbulent burner 2; Can be according to coal characteristic; Combustion intensity in the stove is regulated, and can control the generation of NOx, reduces the discharging of NOx; The oil gun device of turbulent burner 2 inside can play the ignition smooth combustion effect.
The fire grate in the former combustion of industrial boiler chamber 2 is removed in combustion chamber 2 in the present embodiment when implementing, adiabatic furnace 1 is set; Its front-back wall outwards protrudes, and forms the burner hearth 1 of protrusion, can increase the volume of adiabatic furnace 1 like this; Help the abundant mixing of coal dust, after-flame; Arrange vortex burner 2 at adiabatic furnace 1 front-back wall; Form the combustion system that front-back wall liquidates; Vortex burner 2 burning organizational capacities are strong; The radiation effects of its top chimney arch, and burner 2 goes out between interior backflow and burner 2 and furnace wall, the chimney arch of interruption-forming to form exteenal reflux, these factors have strengthened the efficient burning of coal powder ignition stability and coal dust greatly.The application of spiral-flow powdered coal burning improves the burn-off rate of coal dust, the raising of flying dust concentration in the flue gas, and the caloric receptivity of convection heating surface has increased, and then can reduce the layout of heating surface, saves material.
The embodiment of other parts is identical with embodiment 1.
Claims (9)
1. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner; Comprise: burner hearth, vortex burner, secondary furnace, back-end ductwork, ash bucket, economizer and air preheater; It is characterized in that: burner hearth is divided into the adiabatic furnace of bottom and the water-cooled furnace on top; Adiabatic furnace is positioned at lower furnace portion and is front-back wall protrusion or left and right sides wall projective structure, and vortex burner is arranged at the front-back wall or the left and right sides wall of adiabatic furnace respectively, and ash bucket is positioned at the adiabatic furnace bottom to collect the lime-ash behind the coal dust firing; Thereby be provided with water-cooling wall in the water-cooled furnace to absorb the steam water interface that the heating of radiations heat energy and convection heat comes from economizer; Secondary furnace is positioned at the upper outlet of burner hearth, and back-end ductwork is positioned at the secondary furnace outlet, and economizer and air preheater are set in turn in the back-end ductwork.
2. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described adiabatic furnace is the abundant mixing after-flames of the domes of protrusion with convenient coal dust, and two described vortex burners lay respectively at the front-back wall or the left and right sides wall of adiabatic furnace and form the opposed firing mode.
3. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Described vortex burner is the low NOx cyclone coal burner, and its inside is provided with burning torch, and the import of vortex burner is provided with the central air hose road; The outside in central air hose road is the primary wind and powder passage, and the outside of primary wind and powder passage is provided with secondary air channel and tertiary air passage successively.
4. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that the water-cooling wall external diameter of described water-cooling wall has 60mm, 76mm or 83mm, and wall thickness is 3.5 ~ 6mm.
5. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the built-in high-temperature surface of described secondary furnace, and superheater and boiler tube bundle are arranged in the import of secondary furnace successively.
6. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 5 is characterized in that described boiler tube bundle is connected and composed by last lower drum and convection bank, and convection bank is that the boiler steel pipe of 38 ~ 60mm is formed by diameter; The centre of this convection bank is provided with some partition walls and realizes that the guiding flue gas comes and goes and wash away tube bank to form corresponding flue.
7. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described economizer is cast iron gilled tube economizer or steel tube economizer, and wherein: cast iron gilled tube economizer is composed in series by cast iron and the 180o cast-iron bend that some outsides have square fin; Steel tube economizer is composed in series by some parallel snakelike seamless steel pipes.
8. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Described air preheater is Vertical Steel tube air preheater or horizontal steel pipe air preheater; Wherein: the vertical air preheater is arranged at the outside rectangular pipe box of steel pipe by some steel pipes that are welded on the staggered arrangement between upper and lower tube sheet and sealing to be formed, the flue gas heat release of in steel pipe, flowing, and air transversal flow outside steel pipe absorbs heat; The horizontal air preheater is composed in series by some horizontal tubes, and air flows in horizontal tube and absorbs heat, and flue gas is the transversal flow heat release outside horizontal tube.
9. Industrial Boiler low NOx cyclone coal powder burner according to claim 1; It is characterized in that described swirling pulverized coal combustion device also comprises auxiliary pulverized coal preparation system, this auxiliary pulverized coal preparation system comprises: coal pulverizer, primary air fan, overfire air fan and valve; Wherein: one time wind divides two-way to get into coal pulverizer; One the tunnel is that one the tunnel via overfire air fan through after the air preheater heating, reaches after two transportation work styles are mixed to fixed temperature is laggard to go into coal pulverizer.
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