Background technique
Joint for the raceway of fluids such as transporting water, air, steam can use flange is used bolted mechanical adapter.The flange of this type of mechanical adapter through the welding or make tubaeform the method such as butt lap joint flange that is provided with in the end of steel pipe in the end of steel pipe, and is arranged at the end of steel pipe.
In recent years, the needs that do not need to weld, can carry out easily at the construction field (site) the loose flange-type flared pipe joint that tubaeform processing, engineering time also can shorten improve.In addition, for raceway, on steel pipe, do not produce axial force and crooked PIPING DESIGN usually, and engage pipe arrangement (for example, patent documentation 1,2) by lap joint flange formula pipe joint.
But, having produced the needs of reply contraposition etc. during at the scene construction, effect has flexural stress and tensile stress sometimes on steel pipe and joint.In addition, under the situation through high temperature fluids such as steam in pipe arrangement, effect sometimes has thermal expansion and contraction to cause on steel pipe and joint axial stress and flexural stress.Have, need consider that also effect has excessive axial force, the situation of flexural load on steel pipe and joint, for example, also existence needs the situation of enough vibration strengths.
In addition, have under the situation of excessive load in effect on the pipe arrangement, load is concentrated especially on the joint that steel pipe is engaged.But, when effect has this type of excessive external force, can keep the joint of the sealing of conveyance fluid up to the present also not develop.Have again, proposed a kind of interior high more lap joint flange formula pipe joint (for example, patent documentation 3) that increases sealing force more of pressing.But, in this technology, when effect has axial force and flexural load, can not guarantee sealing.
In addition, the intensity of tubaeform processing portion and the method for fatigue characteristic (for example, patent documentation 4,5) have also been proposed to improve.But this just improves the invention of tubaeform the characteristic that has shaped, does not consider for the sealing of loose flange-type flared pipe joint.
On the other hand, as the pipe joint that rises to purpose, proposed and to be processed into the loose flange-type flared pipe joint (for example, patent documentation 6) of taper with the surface of contact of tubaeform flange with the anti-destruction characteristic when the flange part stress application.But, the tubaeform portion that has this type of conical by its shape for formation, need be in the processing way replacing instrument, the operation of tubaeform enlarging processing complicates.
Patent documentation 1: TOHKEMY 2007-211811 communique
Patent documentation 2: TOHKEMY 2000-55239 communique
Patent documentation 3: No. 3136954 communique of Japan's registration model utility
Patent documentation 4: TOHKEMY 2005-351383 communique
Patent documentation 5: japanese kokai publication hei 5-329557 communique
Patent documentation 6: real the opening of Japan put down the 7-22193 communique
Embodiment
Come with reference to the accompanying drawings preferred implementation of the present invention is elaborated.In addition, in this specification and accompanying drawing,, omit repeat specification through being marked with same tag for having the constituting component that the essence identical function constitutes.
In Fig. 1, schematic example is represented the part of the loose flange-type flared pipe joint of one embodiment of the present invention.The loose flange-type flared pipe joint of this mode of execution has: the end (joining portion) of two steel pipe 1a, 1b is expanded and flange shape tubaeform 2a, the 2b of formation; With tubaeform 2a, the lap joint flange 4a of 2b butt, 4b.Being configured to of this loose flange-type flared pipe joint: at the joining portion of two steel pipe 1a, 1b; Make tubaeform 2a, 2b butt joint through packing ring 3; With these two tubaeform 2a that docked, 2b from its both sides with lap joint flange 4a, 4b clamping, and link with bolt 5 and nut 6 mechanicalnesses.
Have again, in the application's accompanying drawing, the thickness of the size of bolt 5 and nut 6 and lap joint flange 4a, 4b is described than actual the earth with respect to steel pipe 1a, 1b, so that its position relation is clear and definite.Therefore, the size of each parts relative position of the central shaft 8 of steel pipe 1a, 1b when is not necessarily consistent with the flare tube fitting of reality in the accompanying drawing.
Illustrate in greater detail, steel pipe 1a, 1b have tubaeform 2a, the 2b that forms through enlarging processing in end separately.Tubaeform 2a, 2b are the parts of the processing that is formed (that is tubaeform processing) the end of steel pipe 1a, 1b expanded with the mode of lateral buckling outside it for two steel pipe 1a, 1b are bonded with each other.
Last at this tubaeform 2a, 2b, butt has lap joint flange 4a, 4b respectively.This lap joint flange 4a, 4b (below be called flange 4a, 4b) are the circular flanges with through hole of the internal diameter bigger than the external diameter of steel pipe 1a, 1b.In the through hole of this flange 4a, 4b, pass steel pipe 1a, 1b, when not linking, the inner peripheral surface of flange 4a, 4b can slide along the outer circumferential face of steel pipe 1a, 1b.Flange 4a, the 4b butt is a tubaeform 2a, 2b and can not take off from the end of steel pipe 1a, 1b are arranged again.
Insert packing ring 3 as required between tubaeform the 2a of steel pipe 1a, 1b, the end face 9 (with reference to Fig. 2) of 2b and dock.Packing ring 3 is the circular sealed members that for example have with the external diameter of the identical size of external diameter of tubaeform 2a, 2b, has the function with sealing between the end face 9 of two that have docked tubaeform 2a, 2b.The end-to-end joint part of tubaeform 2a, 2b from its both sides (as with the face of the outer circumferential face side of the steel pipe 1a of interface opposite external side face, 1b) by above-mentioned flange 4a, 4b clamping, flange 4a, 4b are linked with bolt 5 and nut 6.
To using this loose flange-type flared pipe joint that the order that steel pipe 1a, 1b engage is described.
At first, between tubaeform the 2b of tubaeform the 2a of the steel pipe 1a of relatively configuration and steel pipe 1b, insert packing ring 3, under this state with end face 9 butt joints of end face 9 and tubaeform the 2b of tubaeform 2a.Secondly, with this tubaeform 2a that has docked, 2b from its outside with flange 4a, 4b clamping.Then, with the bolt 5 and the nut 6 that pass flange 4a, 4b, with flange 4a, 4b mechanical link, fixing.Like this, push tubaeform 2a, 2b from both sides.Through above operation, can use this joint that two steel pipe 1a, 1b are suitably engaged.Have again,, be not limited to the instance of above-mentioned bolt 5 and nut 6, so long as can flange 4a, 4b mechanical link, fixing member can be used any fixed component as the member that flange 4a, 4b is fixing.In addition, in Fig. 1,, also can use plural a plurality of bolt 5 and nut 6 though only represent each bolt 5 and nut 6.
In addition, in the pipe arrangement of transporting water, air, steam etc., use STPG (JIS G 3454) and SGP pipe arrangement materials such as (JIS G 3452), its external diameter is 50A~350A, and the steel pipe about 100A is a main flow.Therefore, inventor of the present invention resolves (FEA) through the finite element method of the SGP pipe arrangement of hypothesis 100A, analyzes the design considerations that the sealing to loose flange-type flared pipe joint exerts an influence.
Its result, inventor notice be tubaeform 2 end face 9 shown in Figure 2 with respect to the angle θ of the central shaft 8 of steel pipe 1 [°] (below be called tubaeform end surface angle θ).In Fig. 3, represent the relation that this tubaeform end surface angle θ and the surface pressure that produces in the end-to-end joint part of loose flange-type flared pipe joint distribute.Fig. 3 is illustrated in the loose flange-type flared pipe joint with various tubaeform end surface angle θ is linked with bolt 5 and nut 6 and effect relation between the position (position (mm) of leaving the packing ring internal diameter) that the interface pressure that produces on the packing ring 3 of end-to-end joint part and this interface pressure the produce when flexural load that is equivalent to 80MPa is arranged.
Can know from the analysis result that FEA produced shown in Figure 3,, make the surface pressure that the time spent produces when flexural load on packing ring 3 and increase along with tubaeform end surface angle θ diminishes.Therefore, can think have in effect under the situation of flexural load and tension load, tubaeform end surface angle θ is more little, and then the sealing of joint is high more.
Therefore, manufacturing makes tubaeform end surface angle θ that the tubaeform steel pipe 1 of various variations take place, and carries out the evaluation test of the sealing of joint.
At first, SGP steel pipe 1a, the 1b of two 100A (external diameter 114.3mm, thickness 4.5mm) carried out tubaeform processing, form tubaeform 2a, 2b.Make flange 4a, this tubaeform 2a of 4b butt, 2b, insertion packing ring 3 docks two tubaeform 2a, 2b and flange 4a, 4b is linked with bolt 5 and nut 6, thereby process loose flange-type flared pipe joint.
Secondly, loose flange-type flared pipe joint is filled the air of 1MPa and applied the stretching axial force, simultaneously, obtain the load load (leakage load) when observing air pressure and sharply descending.Body yield strength with steel pipe is leaked load divided by this, and calculates sealing index α [%].Have, the body yield strength of steel pipe is through measuring from carrying out tension test with the steel pipe acquisition test sheet that forms tubaeform 2 steel pipe 1 same batch again.
Sealing index α that Fig. 4 representes to obtain through above-mentioned evaluation test and the relation of tubaeform end surface angle θ.Can be known that by it along with reducing of tubaeform end surface angle θ, sealing index α increases, sealing improves.Especially, what can facts have proved is that when tubaeform end surface angle θ was discontented with 89 °, sealing index α was more than 80%, the anti-load character raising of sealing.But, when discontented 87 ° of tubaeform end surface angle θ, when joint links or effect packing ring 3 breakages when axial force is arranged.This can infer that the interface pressure part is excessive, has surpassed the anti-load resistivity of packing ring 3.
More than confirm that through real pipe test in order to have the axial force of yield load 80% or more with respect to body keep airtight and not make packing ring 3 breakages before in effect, the value that tubaeform end surface angle θ is controlled at more than 87 °, below 89 ° is important.Have, according to the result of Fig. 4, if tubaeform end surface angle θ is below 88 °, then sealing index α is more than 90% again, so be 87 °~88 ° through making tubaeform end surface angle θ, can further improve sealability.
Have again; End about at the steel pipe 1 of this mode of execution forms tubaeform 2 processing method, though not with its qualification; Such employing for example as shown in Figure 5 rotated steel pipe 1 and cone 7 (tapered roll), and it is more satisfactory relatively to repeat the method that rotation contacts it with revolution.Through this method, if increase the axle of cone 7 and spool angulation of steel pipe 1 gradually, then can increase tubaeform end surface angle θ gradually, but and precision control tubaeform end surface angle θ well.
Embodiment
Secondly, as embodiments of the invention, the test of the sealing index α when for evaluation in various steel pipes 1 tubaeform end surface angle θ being changed describes.
In this test, at first,, form tubaeform 2 with method shown in Figure 5 expanding end processing with various SGP steel pipes 1.And, measure this tubaeform end surface angle θ (Fig. 2).Two steel pipe 1a, the 1b that will have identical speakers shape end surface angle θ use as one group, make lap joint flange 4a, the 4b butt is a tubaeform 2a, 2b.Then, insert packing ring 3, link with bolt 5 and nut 6, thereby make loose flange-type flared pipe joint the end face 9 of tubaeform 2a, 2b, butt joint between 9.As shown in table 1, forging welding steel pipe that to test employed SGP steel pipe be size 65A~200A and electricity seam steel pipe.Have again, gather the tension test sheet in addition, measure yield strength from these steel pipes.
Also have, in this test,, use ニ チ ア ス Co., Ltd. system " general NA connects seal ring TOMBO No.1995 " as packing ring 3.This packing ring 3 is that inorfil, aramide-fibre, inorganic filler and binder cooperate the non-asbestos of oil-resistant synthetic rubber to connect seal ring.The size of this packing ring 3 is following.In addition, its specification is JIS F06 02HJ, ASTM104F712100-B5E12M5.Have, this packing ring 3 is the instances that in this test, use again, and packing ring 3 of the present invention is not limited to this instance.
(i) steel pipe of size 65A: the external diameter 124mm of packing ring 3, internal diameter 77mm, thickness 3mm
The (ii) steel pipe of size 100A: the external diameter 159mm of packing ring 3, internal diameter 115mm, thickness 3mm
The (iii) steel pipe of size 200A: the external diameter 270mm of packing ring 3, internal diameter 218mm, thickness 3mm
The after-applied stretching axial force of air of enclosing 1MPa at loose flange-type flared pipe joint, simultaneously, the load (leakage load) when obtaining pressure and sharply descending.Remove this with the yield load of body and leak load, and calculate sealing index α [%].With expression in this test result table 1 below.
Table 1
In embodiment 1~12, θ is (87 °~89 °) within the scope of the invention, and α is more than 80%.Relative with it, θ is excessive in comparative example 1~4,6~10,13~16, so α discontented 80%.In addition, in the too small comparative example 5,11,12,17 of tubaeform end surface angle θ, when joint links or effect packing ring 3 breakages when tension load is arranged.
Therefore, according to this test result, at tubaeform end surface angle θ during greater than 89 °, sealing index α is discontented 80%, the sealability that can not obtain expecting.On the other hand, when θ is discontented with 87 °, packing ring 3 breakages.Therefore, not in all case all to be suitable for.Relative with it, empirical tests is, if tubaeform end surface angle θ is more than 87 ° below 89 °, then sealing index α is more than 80%, even can bring into play good sealing property when effect has excessive external force on joint, and packing ring 3 does not have breakage yet yet.
More than, the loose flange-type flared pipe joint of this mode of execution is elaborated.According to this mode of execution, be adjusted into suitable angle (87 °~89 °) through tubaeform end surface angle θ with steel pipe 1, can suitably improve interface pressure for the packing ring 3 that between tubaeform 2 of having docked, inserts.Therefore, when earthquake etc.,, also can guarantee the sealing of joint, and can prevent the leakage of the conveyance fluid in the pipe arrangement even have under the situation of excessive tension load, flexural load etc. in effect on the joint.
In addition, in the loose flange-type flared pipe joint of this mode of execution, be the sealing at the joining portion of improving steel pipe 1, add and only adjust tubaeform end surface angle θ man-hour and get final product carrying out enlarging tubaeform 2.Therefore, do not need as above-mentioned documents 6 to have tubaeform change instrument in the processing way that is shaped of conical by its shape for formation.Therefore, can make tubaeform 2 the operation of enlarging processing easy.
Though abovely come a preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to accompanying drawing, the present invention is not limited to this instance.Significantly; If have the personnel of the common practise of the affiliated technical field of the present invention; Can obtain various variation in the category of the technological thought of then in the scope that patent is asked for protection, putting down in writing and revise example,, can know that it also belongs to technical scope of the present invention certainly for this.
Industrial applicibility
Also can be under the situation of excessive tension load, flexural load etc. even loose flange-type flared pipe joint of the present invention has in effect with sealing of the conveyance fluid in the pipe arrangement with leaking.Therefore, applicable to the scene that requires enough vibration strengths.In addition; Even as the situation of in pipe arrangement, passing through high temperature fluids such as steam; Thermal expansion is arranged and shrink under the situation of caused axial stress and flexural stress in effect on the joint; Also can be with not sealing of the conveyance fluid in the pipe arrangement, so can be used as the joint of the pipe arrangement of high temperature fluid circulation with leaking.