CN101926694B - 髋假肢 - Google Patents

髋假肢 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101926694B
CN101926694B CN201010212103.6A CN201010212103A CN101926694B CN 101926694 B CN101926694 B CN 101926694B CN 201010212103 A CN201010212103 A CN 201010212103A CN 101926694 B CN101926694 B CN 101926694B
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support member
collar support
artificial limb
groove
femur
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CN101926694A (zh
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让·克劳德·卡尔蒂利耶
劳伦特·雅科
布鲁诺·巴莱
克劳德·沙莱
米歇尔·亨利·费西
让·马克·塞马
路易斯·塞蒂
让-克里斯托弗·沙特莱
让·皮埃尔·维达兰
阿兰·马舍诺
塔里克·艾特西塞尔米
让-查尔斯·罗利耶
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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Abstract

一种髋假肢(2)，包括接合在股骨髓腔中的长形髓质部分(3)、一个形成从股骨突出并与假肢股骨头配合的假肢股骨颈(4)的部分、以及横向延伸至形成股骨颈的部分并在股骨皮质上获得支撑的套环支撑件(6)。套环支撑件(6)包括槽(13)。

Description

髋假肢
技术领域
本发明涉及一种髋假肢。
背景技术
髋假肢以公知的方式包括接合在股骨髓腔中的长形髓质部分、形成从股骨突出并与假肢股骨头配合的假肢股骨颈的部分、以及横向延伸至形成股骨颈的部分并在股骨皮质(更特别的是在梅克尔骨距，也称为距)上获得支撑的套环支撑件。
套环支撑件的存在一方面能够防止髓质部分在病人髓腔中的穿入超出特定区域，另一方面能够改善假肢的座。
但是，这样的套环支撑件具有在距处造成应力峰值的缺点，这可能使距产生骨质退化。
此外，由于这种套环支撑件覆盖股骨内部皮质以及股骨前、后皮质的一部分，其能够防止利用骨凿从顶部进入髓质部分的内表面、前表面和后表面。因此，当需要取出髋假肢时，必须重新截开套环支撑件下面的股骨，以便能够利用用于分离股骨髓质部分的骨凿来触及髓质部分的内表面、前表面和后表面。结果是造成股骨恶化并导致复杂的手术。
本发明的目的是为了克服这些缺点。
发明内容
因此，本发明提供一种结构简单而经济的髋假肢，该假肢能够简化和改进手术，同时限制施加在距上的约束。
为此，本发明涉及一种髋假肢，其包括接合在股骨髓腔中的长形髓质部分、形成从所述股骨突出并与假肢股骨头配合的假肢股骨颈的部分、以及横向延伸至形成所述股骨颈的部分并在股骨皮质上进行支撑的套环支撑件，所述套环支撑件包括至少一个从所述髓质部分的内表面突出的中间部分、以及分别从所述髓质部分的前表面和后表面突出的侧部，其特征在于，所述套环支撑件包括沿着所述套环支撑件的所述中间部分并在所述套环支撑件的所述侧部上延伸的槽。
套环支撑件上槽的存在使得能够实现套环支撑件有效地支撑在股骨皮质上，从而确保髓质部分的理想定位。
套环支撑件上这种槽的存在还使得能够在安装髓质部分后从视觉上检查距可能存在的裂缝或断裂，并由此尽快采取必要的措施(例如对股骨做环扎术)，使得裂纹或断裂能够快速愈合。
此外，套环支撑件上这种槽的存在使得套环支撑件更加灵活，其允许改变套环支撑件施加在距上的约束，特别是避免对距的峰值约束。
槽在套环支撑件中间部分以及侧部上延伸，使得能够利用骨凿从顶部进入髓质部分的内表面、前表面、以及后表面。结果是简化了假肢髋再次恶化时的外科手术。
有利地，槽构造成允许骨凿(如骨凿刀片，如平的、弯曲的或沟状的)通过。
优选地，套环支撑件的下侧涂有磷酸钙涂层，如羟磷灰石和磷酸三钙。
在一种优选的方式中，槽基本垂直于套环支撑件的下侧延伸。
优选地，槽的形状基本为肾形。
根据本发明的特征，槽的一个边缘延伸成与髓质部分的内表面相连续。这些设置允许沿着槽引导骨凿，并防止骨凿抵靠髓质部分的内表面以及距的边缘。
有利地，假肢包括布置用来关闭所述槽的可移除的闸门。此闸门设计用来在髓质部分插入到股骨髓腔中、检查到后者被理想定位并且距上没有裂缝后密封所述槽。这些设置使得能够防止磨损颗粒从假肢朝骨髓与股骨的界面迁移，由此造成骨质溶解，这可能导致假肢松动。这些设置还使得能够形成障碍以防止股骨出血。
根据本发明的另一个特征，套环支撑件是可移除的。优选地，套环支撑件具有U形支架形状，包括紧固于中央部分的各端的两个关闭分支，所述关闭分支分别接合在形成于髓质部分的前、后表面中的互补的凹槽中，所述中央部分抵靠髓质部分的内表面。
有利地，套环支撑件位于髓质部分与形成股骨颈的部分之间的结合处。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，髋假肢包括至少一个定位在套环支撑件下方的楔形部，以便插入在套环支撑件与股骨之间。所述楔形部包括固定装置，所述固定装置构造与形成在套环支撑件上的槽配合。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，髋假肢包括用于至少一种药物(如抗生素)的分配装置，所述分配装置安装在形成于套环支撑件上的槽中。将这种分配装置定位在形成于套环支撑件中的槽中使得能够本地化分配药物，这能够防止给病人静脉注射大剂量的药物。此外，将分配装置定位在槽中确保了药物一方面向髓腔分配，另一方面向关节腔分配。
分配装置有利地包括具有至少部分与槽互补的形状的部分。分配装置可以是，例如，固体药片或胶囊，优选为可再吸收的，封闭有至少一种药物。
附图说明
本发明将通过下文参考所附以非限制性示例的方式代表髋假肢的实施方式的示意图而进行的说明得到更好的理解。
图1是根据本发明的髋假肢的局部立体图。
图2是图1所示假肢的局部侧视图。
图3是根据本发明第一种实施方式的楔形部的立体图。
图4是根据本发明第二种实施方式的楔形部的立体图。
图5是根据本发明的分配装置的立体图。
具体实施方式
图1和图2显示了优选地由钛、钛合金或铬钴制成的髋假肢2。
髋假肢2包括用来接合在股骨髓腔中的长形髓质部分3、形成从股骨突出并且与假肢股骨头(图中未显示)配合的假肢股骨颈4的部分。
形成股骨颈4的部分包括锥形近端5，其布置成与形成于假肢股骨头中的具有互补形状的锥形腔配合。
髋假肢2还包括位于髓质部分3和形成股骨颈4的部分之间的结合处的套环支撑件6。
套环支撑件6基本垂直于形成股骨颈4的部分延伸。套环支撑件6还基本相对于骨干轴线以大约45°角延伸。
套环支撑件6在股骨被截开并且将髓质部分3挤压在髓腔中之后支撑在股骨的内部皮质上。环形支撑6更具体地支撑在梅克尔骨距(也称为距)上。
如图2中更具体显示的那样，套环支撑件6包括从髓质部分3的内表面8伸出的中间部分7，以及分别从髓质部分3的前表面10和后12表面伸出的侧部9。应当注意，髓质部分3的内表面8弯向距，同时其外表面弯向较大的转节，前表面和后表面连接髓质部分3的内表面合外表面。
套环支撑件6包括具有肾形形状的槽13。槽13在套环支撑件6的中间部分7以及侧部9上延伸。槽13在前后平面上的长度优选在3mm至5mm之间。
槽13基本垂直于套环支撑件6的下侧延伸。槽6的位于形成股骨颈部分4的部分附近的边缘14延伸成与髓质部分3的内表面8相连续。
槽13布置成允许骨凿如截骨柔性刀片通过。
如图3所示，髋假肢还包括定位在套环支撑件6下方以插入在套环支撑件6与股骨之间的楔形部16。楔形部16能够补偿骨损失，特别是距的损失，因此能够重建对髋假肢的支撑。楔形部16优选由钛制成。
楔形部16具有U形支架形状，其包括在套环支撑件6的中间部分7下方延伸的中央部分17，和紧固于中央部位17并分别在套环支撑件6的侧部9下方延伸的两个侧部分支18。
中央部分17具有与髓质部分3的内表面8的轮廓互补并用于抵靠内表面8的轮廓。
为了确保楔形部16固定在套环支撑件6上，楔形部16一方面包括从楔形部的中央部分17的上表面突出并且构造成与槽13接合的构件19，另一方面包括两个分别从楔形部的每个侧部分支18的上表面突出的耳21，所述耳21构造成与两个分别设置在套环支撑件6的侧部9的下侧的附加孔(图中未显示)配合。
根据图4所示的一种实施方式，楔形部16的侧部分支18和中央部分17上有穿孔以促进骨骼生长，也使骨移植物或骨替代物能够附连。
如图5所示，髋假肢还包括至少一种药物(如抗生素)的分配装置22，该分配装置22用于安装在设于套环支撑件上的槽13上。分配装置22包括具有至少部分与槽13互补的形状的部分23。
分配装置可以是，例如，固体药片或胶囊，优选为可再吸收的，封闭有一种或多种药物。
根据本发明的一种实施方式，套环支撑件6是可移除的。根据该实施方式，套环支撑件具有U形支架形状，包括两个紧固于中央部分的各端的关闭分支。套环支撑件的关闭分支分别接合在形成于髓质部分的前、后表面中的互补的凹槽中，每个凹槽向上倾斜，并且内表面朝向髓质部分的外表面。套环支撑件的中央部分抵靠髓质部分的内表面。
根据图中未显示的本发明一种实施方式，髋假肢包括构造能够密封套环支撑件上形成的槽的可移除的闸门。
根据图中未显示的本发明的另一种实施方式，髓质部分和形成股骨颈的部分可以不是一体的。因此，形成股骨颈的部分能够被移除，并包括基本为圆柱形的中央部分、构造成与形成在髓质部分的近端的形状互补的锥形腔配合的锥形远端、以及构造成与形成在假肢股骨头中的形状互补的锥形腔配合的锥形近端。
应当理解，本发明不限于上述作为非限制示例说明的髋假肢的单个实施方式；相反，其包含了所有替代性实施方式。因此，根据本发明的髋假肢可以是由生物方式固定或粘结剂固定的髋假肢。

Claims (12)

1.一种髋假肢(2)，包括接合在股骨髓腔中的长形髓质部分(3)、形成从所述股骨突出并与假肢股骨头配合的假肢股骨颈(4)的部分、以及横向延伸至形成所述股骨颈的部分并在股骨皮质上进行支撑的套环支撑件(6)，所述套环支撑件(6)包括至少一个从所述髓质部分(3)的内表面(8)突出的中间部分(7)、以及分别从所述髓质部分(3)的前表面和后表面突出的侧部(9)，其特征在于，所述套环支撑件(6)构造成防止所述髓质部分(3)在髓腔中的穿入超出预定区域，所述套环支撑件(6)包括沿着所述套环支撑件的所述中间部分并在所述套环支撑件的所述侧部上延伸的槽(13)，所述假肢股骨颈(4)和所述套环支撑件(6)与所述髓质部分(3)制成为一体。
2.如权利要求1所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述槽(13)基本垂直于所述套环支撑件(6)的下侧延伸。
3.如权利要求1所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述槽(13)具有基本为肾形的形状。
4.如权利要求2所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述槽(13)具有基本为肾形的形状。
5.如权利要求1至4中的一项所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述槽(13)的边缘中的一个(14)延伸成与所述髓质部分(3)的内表面(8)相连续。
6.如权利要求1至4中的一项所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述假肢包括布置成关闭所述槽的可移除的闸门。
7.如权利要求1至4中的一项所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述假肢包括至少一个楔形部(16)，所述楔形部(16)定位在所述套环支撑件(6)下方以插入在所述套环支撑件(6)与所述股骨之间，所述楔形部(16)包括固定装置(19)，所述固定装置(19)布置成与形成在所述套环支撑件上的槽(13)配合。
8.如权利要求1至4中的一项所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述假肢包括至少一种药物的分配装置，所述分配装置安装在形成于所述套环支撑件上的槽(13)上。
9.如权利要求8所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述至少一种药物是抗生素。
10.如权利要求8所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述分配装置包括具有至少部分与所述槽(13)互补的形状的部分。
11.如权利要求8所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述分配装置是含有至少一种药物的固体药片或胶囊。
12.如权利要求9或10所述的假肢，其特征在于，所述分配装置是含有至少一种药物的固体药片或胶囊。
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CN101926694A (zh) 2010-12-29
EP2263612B1 (fr) 2011-09-28
FR2946861A1 (fr) 2010-12-24

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