CN101918520A - Be used for method and system with the solid fuel bulkization - Google Patents

Be used for method and system with the solid fuel bulkization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101918520A
CN101918520A CN200880119652XA CN200880119652A CN101918520A CN 101918520 A CN101918520 A CN 101918520A CN 200880119652X A CN200880119652X A CN 200880119652XA CN 200880119652 A CN200880119652 A CN 200880119652A CN 101918520 A CN101918520 A CN 101918520A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
solid fuel
coal
facility
microwave
solid
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CN200880119652XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
M·J·德罗兹
S·L·劳森
M·C·德鲁加
C·F·朗
J·M·叙尔马
H·L·布利斯
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ELITE CAPITAL INVESTMENT CO., LTD.
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CoalTek Inc
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Publication of CN101918520A publication Critical patent/CN101918520A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/12—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with inorganic binders
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/06—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting
    • C10L5/10—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders
    • C10L5/14—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders
    • C10L5/16—Methods of shaping, e.g. pelletizing or briquetting with the aid of binders, e.g. pretreated binders with organic binders with bituminous binders, e.g. tar, pitch
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/26—After-treatment of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/32—Coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02—Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/34—Other details of the shaped fuels, e.g. briquettes
    • C10L5/36—Shape
    • C10L5/361—Briquettes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/44—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on vegetable substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

In an embodiment of the present invention, before processing or after handling, improved ability has been described with electromagnetic energy for the system and method for solid fuel bulkization at being used for.In described system and method, solid fuel is transferred by continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility, and is utilized electromagnetic energy and handles, and after processing by piece groupization.

Description

Be used for method and system with the solid fuel bulkization
The cross reference of related application
The application requires following application, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/978 that on October 8th, 1 submitted to, and 199 right of priority is incorporated its full content into this paper by reference at this.
The application is relevant with following patent application, incorporate the full content of these patent applications into this paper by reference at this: the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/788 that on March 31st, 200 submitted to, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/820 that on July 26th, 297,2006 submitted to, 482, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/828 that on October 3rd, 2006 submitted to, the U.S. Provisional Application No.60/867 that on November 29th, 031,2006 submitted to, 749, and the U.S. Patent application 11/695,554 of submission on April 2nd, 2007.
Technical field
The present invention relates to solid-fuelled processing, more specifically, relate to and utilize the microwave energy treatment solid fuel, to remove pollutent (or claiming impurity) and to reduce moisture content.
Background technology
Moisture, ash content, sulphur and other materials are present in the solid fuel with various amount, and this can cause the pollution inconsistent and that produced by the fuel process of fuel combustion parameter usually.Solid-fuelled burning can cause producing obnoxious flavour, for example nitrogen oxide (NO x) and sulfur oxide (SO x).In addition, buring solid fuel can cause producing the inorganic ash content that has the additional materials element.Because the great amount of carbon dioxide (CO that buring solid fuel produces 2) may cause Global warming.According to used solid-fuelled quality difference, each in these byproducts will produce with various degree.
Power output when being present in moisture in the solid fuel and can reducing solid fuel ignition usually with the difference amount.Thermo-efficiency when reducing solid-fuelled moisture content and can allow to improve burning.The cost that the thermo-efficiency that improves solid fuel ignition can cause producing power (or generating) reduces because of required fuel reduces.Improve thermo-efficiency and also can reduce other discharges that produce in the combustion processes, for example SO 2And NO xDischarge.
Various treating processess have been used in the solid-fuelled processing, for example washing, air mummification, turn over dryingization, thereby and heating remove some and be present in undesirable material in the solid fuel.These processing may require that solid fuel is crushed, to pulverize or be processed into the terminal user by other modes be not best size.In order further to reduce discharging, can in combustion plant, use off gas scrubber.The noxious emission that needs further to reduce solid-fuelled moisture content and produce because of solid fuel ignition reduces the relevant expense of control of discharging with this class.
Summary of the invention
In an embodiment of the present invention, at solid-fuelled processing improved ability has been described.Method and system can comprise provides source of microwave energy, guides microwave energy by waveguide assembly from source of microwave energy, and the solid fuel that microwave cavity is indoor is exposed to microwave energy.
In one embodiment, described method and system also can further comprise the solid-fuelled temperature that supervision is exposed.In one embodiment, described method and system also can comprise monitor moisture content, before and after treatment solid-fuelled pollutant level, or the like.In one embodiment, source of microwave energy is the microwave generator of 125kW.
In one embodiment, microwave energy has 11 inches diameter by mobile waveguide assembly wherein.Waveguide assembly can comprise the mechanism of the microwave energy that is used to polarize.Further, this polarization can be the polarization of linear, circular, oval or certain other types.In a scheme of the present invention, the method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel through magnetic detection system, the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount magneticsubstance is detected, and all solid fuels that comprise the predetermined amount magneticsubstance are at least taken measures.In described method and system, this measure can be to remove solid fuel with the predetermined amount magneticsubstance.
In one embodiment, the method and system that is used for the solid fuel heat management can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system, and solid fuel is carried by the cooling stations between the microwave system.In one embodiment, described cooling stations can provide the surface of cooling chemical preparations to apply, and perhaps can comprise the cooling gas of control solid fuel temperature.
In one embodiment, the method and system that carries out dust control in the solid fuel treatment facility can comprise provides the dust collection facility that is associated with described solid fuel treatment facility, utilize the dust collection facility to be collected in the solid fuel dust of carrying and handle the solid fuel generation in the described solid fuel treatment facility, and in described solid fuel treatment facility, handle the dust of collecting.In one embodiment, can collect dust from the collection facility of travelling belt, cavity environment, solid fuel storage area or certain other types.
In one embodiment, method and system can be provided as the solid fuel product that is used for handling described solid fuel treatment facility.These methods can comprise utilizes source of microwave energy to handle the solid fuel product, forms piece group thereby in treating processes solid fuel is carried out piece groupization, and collects formed group.Piece groupization can be rolled into a ball on the piece groupization machine of press and certain other types or the equipment at piece and be carried out.In an embodiment, the described solid fuel product that before piece groupization, can grind or crush.
In one embodiment, method and system can be provided as and be used in described processing back solid fuel being carried out piece groupization.These methods can comprise utilizes source of microwave energy to handle the solid fuel product, after processing solid fuel is carried out piece groupization (or claiming to handle back piece groupization) with formation piece group, and collects formed group.In a scheme of the present invention, described solid fuel product can be ground or be crushed before piece groupization.
In other embodiments, piece groupization can be undertaken by utilizing binder (for example binder of starch, molasses, soft clay and certain other types).
In an embodiment, piece groupization can be a pressure block groupization.Product can utilize pressure that product particle is combined when the piece groupization machine of process pressure block groupization press or certain other types.Thus, the result forms solid piece group.
In a scheme of the present invention, the method for Circular Polarisation waveguide device can be included in input polarization place provides energy to the poled waveguide district, and described poled waveguide district comprises polarization element, and the microwave energy polarization of consequently meeting these elements is converted into Circular Polarisation; And the energy that will come out from the poled waveguide district supplies in the microwave chamber.In one embodiment, this method can further comprise the solid fuel in the microwave chamber is exposed to the energy that leaves the poled waveguide device.
A scheme of the present invention relates at least in part comes clean solid fuel based on solid-fuelled starting condition.In an embodiment, the detected or sampling of solid fuel is to generate the initial data set relevant with the starting characteristic of fuel.Fuel characteristic can be known, and treating processes can dispose, monitor and/or adjust according to initial characteristic and target property for target or final (after the processing).Method and system described here can comprise provides initial solid fuel sample data and expectation solid fuel characteristic as input, to determine the final composition δ of product initial sum; Relatively and in conjunction with these import with respect to solid fuel treatment facility ability, expect the manipulation parameter for the treatment of product so that determine to produce; And described operating parameters sent to monitoring facility and controller, so that the processing of control product in the solid fuel treatment facility.
A scheme of the present invention relates to returns the message feedback relevant with the solid fuel of having handled to described solid fuel treatment facility, with this treating processes of further adjustment.Method and system disclosed herein can be included in and carry out after the clean solid fuel being detected, and will return treatment facility about the message feedback of this detection then.Solid fuel output parameter facility can be handled the final solid fuel of the processing characteristic of reception the checkout facility from postposition; The solid fuel of processing that on behalf of final production, these characteristics can; The solid fuel output parameter can send the final solid fuel of processing characteristic to monitoring facility; Monitoring facility can compare the final solid fuel characteristic of handling solid fuel characteristic and expectation, handles the operating parameters adjustment so that determine solid fuel; And handle the adjustment that the solid fuel characteristic done and can outside any other solid fuel operating parameters adjustment, additionally carry out final.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise the solid fuel continuous feeding treatment facility by operating parameters control.Controller can be handled solid fuel operating parameters and offer continuous feeding treatment facility assembly, for example conveying belt, microwave system, transmitter, gathering system, preheating facility, cooling infrastructure, or the like.Continuous feeding treatment facility transmitter can be measured solid fuel and handle result, assembly operation, continuous feeding treatment facility envrionment conditions, and sends measured information to controller and monitoring facility.Monitoring facility can be handled measured information and solid fuel operating parameters relatively and adjust operating parameters.The operating parameters of being adjusted can be provided for continuous feeding treatment facility controller.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise that processing parameter and transmitter input that utilization generates monitor and adjust solid-fuelled processing.Described method and system can comprise: receive the manipulation parameter so that the solid fuel in the control continuous feeding treatment facility is handled from the parameter generating facility.Described method and system can comprise: monitor and adjust the manipulation parameter based on the input from continuous feeding treatment facility transmitter.Described method and system also comprises: adjusted manipulation parameter is offered controller, and this controller offers described operating parameters each assembly of continuous feeding treatment facility.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise the transmitter that is used for measuring solid fuel band facility operations performance.Solid fuel is handled the transmitter of band facility can measure the product that discharges from solid fuel, for example moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine, mercury, or the like.The transmitter of solid fuel continuous feeding treatment facility can be measured the operating parameters that is used for handling solid-fuelled continuous feeding treatment facility assembly.These transmitters can send to the information that measures continuous feeding treatment facility controller, monitoring facility and price trading facilities.The heat transfer agent that is released product can be monitored facility and controller is used for adjusting band facility operations parameter.The assembly operation heat transfer agent can be used for determining operational cost by the price trading facilities.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise that utilizing continuous true-time operation parameter feedback loop to control solid fuel handles.Described method and system can comprise: provide the component parameter that comes from the parameter generating facility to continuous feeding treatment facility controller.Continuous feeding treatment facility controller can be used these component parameters and operate various processing components, so that handle solid fuel rightly.Band facility transmitter can be measured various operations and solid fuel release products and metrical information is sent to monitoring facility.Monitoring facility can be by relatively sensor measurement and operational requirement are adjusted the solid fuel processing parameter; And monitoring facility can send to controller with adjusted parameter.It can be continuously real-time feedback loop that controller/transmitter/watch-dog is adjusted the loop, so that keep the desired final solid fuel of processing.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise supervision and the operation of control solid fuel microwave system.In handling solid-fuelled process, one group of operating parameters of microwave system for example frequency, power and dutycycle can be by the control of band facility controller.The output of microwave system and solid fuel release products can be by sensor measurement to determine the validity of microwave parameters; Measuring result can be sent to monitoring facility.Monitoring facility can relatively be adjusted the microwave system operating parameters based on what sensor measurement information and action required are required (for example parameter generating facility).Adjusted microwave operating parameters can send to microwave system by continuous feeding treatment facility controller.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise and utilizes solid fuel continuous feeding treatment facility controllably to remove the solid fuel release products.One group of transmitter can be measured the release volume or the release rate of solid fuel release products.This group transmitter can send to release products information controller and monitoring facility, so that clearance information to be provided.This group transmitter can send to the release products clearance price trading facilities; The price trading facilities can be determined the value of release products or dispose the cost of these release products.
A scheme of the present invention relates to the forwarder in the work of continuous feeding treatment facility.Described forwarder can solid fuel just when processed with described solid fuel carrying by treatment facility (for example microwave energy field being passed through in the coal carrying).Provide the method and system of transmission of facility to comprise to make it to be suitable for solid fuel carried and to pass through treatment facility.Described forwarder can comprise following combination of features, for example low microwave loss, high-wearing feature, long-term high thermal resistance, temperature isolation, anti-burning property, high-melting-point, nonporosity and heat resistanceheat resistant dissipativeness.Described transmission of facility can be a successive band basically.Described transmission of facility can comprise a plurality of protuberance sections, and these protuberance sections are coupled flexibly.
Schemes more of the present invention relate to solid fuel treatment process and system.Embodiments of the invention relate to travelling belt, and it is suitable for making solid fuel (for example coal) to move through treatment facility.In an embodiment, described solid fuel treatment facility is suitable for coming the described solid fuel of processing treatment by handling solid fuel via microwave field.In an embodiment, when being used in combination with the solid fuel treatment process, described transfer system is adapted to especially provides the recoverability energy.
Some embodiments of the present invention relate to carries the system and method that passes through the solid fuel treatment facility with solid fuel.Described system and method can comprise: transmission of facility is provided, and it is suitable for solid fuel is carried by solid fuel microwave treatment facility.In an embodiment, described transmission of facility be suitable for having following feature at least one or its combination, for example low microwave loss, high-wearing feature, long-term high thermal resistance, local high thermal resistance, temperature isolation, anti-burning property, high-melting-point, with respect to the particulate nonporosity, can restore the feature of transmission of facility with respect to nonporosity, heat resistanceheat resistant dissipativeness or other this establishments of moisture.
In an embodiment, described transmission of facility is a travelling belt.Described travelling belt can be a successive band basically.Described travelling belt can comprise a plurality of rigidity sections that are coupled together flexibly.In other embodiments, described forwarder is another kind of physical layout structure, and it is used for solid fuel is transmitted by successive treating processes continuously or basically.
In an embodiment, described solid fuel treatment facility can be the microwave treatment facility, and it also can allow solid fuel obtain handling through other system, for example heats, washs, gasifies, burns and steam.Described transmission of facility can be by low microwave consumable material.For example it can be adapted at the about 300MHz of microwave frequency and have low loss to about 1GHz.Described transmission of facility can be resisted long term high temperature.For example it can resist scope in about 200F or above long-term temperature.Described transmission of facility can be resisted high local temperature.For example it can resist about 600F or above local temperature.There are many other transmission of facility attribute and material and technologies to can be used for management (or claiming control) transfer system described herein.
A scheme of the present invention relates to and is used to operate improving one's methods and system of the microwave generation magnetron that is associated with continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility.Method and system disclosed herein can comprise by the direct utility high voltage power transmission powers to magnetron, thereby avoids the step of step-down step by step (for example at the place, substation) rise again then (for example in order to use at the magnetron place).This power system can comprise provides high-voltage power conversion facility, and it can be suitable for receiving High Level AC Voltage and exporting high voltage direct current.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise direct use high voltage electric, and it is realized in the following way: receive High Level AC Voltage from high-power distribution facility; From described High Level AC Voltage, directly produce high voltage direct current; And with described high voltage direct current be applied to continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility to related magnetron.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise direct use high voltage electric, and it is realized in the following way: receive High Level AC Voltage from high-power distribution facility; Described High Level AC Voltage is transformed into high voltage direct current; And described high voltage direct current is applied to the magnetron that is associated with continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility, described high-power distribution facility can be by non-transformation inductor block facility (the non-transforming inductor facility) protection that is associated with quick breaker.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise that utilizing technological process to be fed back to the solid fuel processing carries out the business price.Business facility can receive solid fuel and handle operation information from solid fuel facility system (for example monitoring facility, transmitter, removal system, solid fuel output parameter facility or or the like).Described business facility can utilize the operation information of said system to determine the solid-fuelled operational cost of finally handling well.Described cost can comprise the electricity needs of various solids treatment band facility assemblies, the solid fuel release products of collecting, used rare gas element in the removal system, or the like.Described business facility has been handled solid-fuelled final price by described processing cost being added original solid-fuelled initial cost can be determined.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise and carries out modeling to being used for the cost that special terminal uses the solid fuel of facility to be associated with processing.Described method and system can comprise: database is provided, and described database comprises: the one group of solid fuel characteristic that is used for a plurality of solid fuel samples; Be used for one group of specification by the solid fuel matrix of one group of terminal user's facility use; Be used for the solid fuel sample is transformed into one group of operating parameters of the solid fuel matrix of using by the terminal user; And the one group of solid fuel that is associated with the enforcement of described one group of operating parameters.Described method and system can further comprise: the solid fuel characteristic of the initial solid fuel sample that identification is used to specify; Identification is used for the specification by the solid fuel matrix of described terminal user's facility use; From described database, fetch and described initial solid fuel sample is transformed into the related described one group of operating parameters of solid fuel matrix phase; And from described database fetch be associated with described one group of operating parameters described one form this.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise following affairs, and it comprises produces the solid fuel that is applicable to selected terminal use facility.Described method and system can comprise: use facility to obtain to be used for the specification of solid fuel matrix from selected terminal; Described specification and the one group of characteristic that is used for initial solid fuel sample are compared; Determine the manipulation parameter, these manipulation parameters are used to handle described initial solid fuel sample, meet the solid fuel matrix of using the described specification of facility from selected terminal so that be converted into; Handle described initial solid fuel sample according to described manipulation parameter, measure the characteristic of described solid fuel matrix; And the price of calculating described solid fuel matrix.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise: be used for the database that solid fuel is handled; The one group of solid fuel characteristic that is used for a plurality of solid fuel samples; Be used for one group of specification by the solid fuel matrix of one group of terminal user's facility use; And be used for the solid fuel sample is transformed into one group of operating parameters of the solid fuel matrix of using by described terminal user's facility.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise that compiling is used for the database that solid fuel is handled.Described method and system can comprise: assemble the one group of solid fuel characteristic that is used for a plurality of solid fuel samples; Assemble the one group of specification that is used for by the solid fuel matrix of one group of terminal user's facility use; And assemble and to be used for the solid fuel sample is transformed into one group of operating parameters of the solid fuel matrix of using by the terminal user.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise that the final treatment characteristic based on expectation generates the solid fuel processing parameter.Described method and system can comprise: described initial solid fuel sample data is provided and is used for selected terminal and use the expectation solid fuel characteristic of facility as input; Comparison and merging and the relevant input of solid fuel treatment facility ability so that carry out determining of manipulation parameter, thereby are produced the solid fuel of processing that is applicable to selected terminal use facility; And described operating parameters sent to monitoring facility and controller, so that control the processing of product in the described solid fuel treatment facility.
Method and system disclosed herein can comprise: produce the solid fuel that is applicable to selected terminal use facility.Described method and system can comprise: the first group of characteristic that is identified for initial solid fuel sample; Identification is used to be suitable for the solid-fuelled one group of characteristic of output that selected terminal is used facility; Determine the manipulation parameter, described manipulation parameter is used to handle described initial solid fuel sample and is suitable for the output solid fuel that selected terminal is used facility to be converted into; And handle described initial solid fuel sample according to described manipulation parameter, described by this initial solid fuel sample can be transformed into and be suitable for the output solid fuel that selected terminal is used facility.
Method and system can comprise: carry out solid fuel gasification by the solid fuel of selecting to be suitable for gasifying; Discern the described solid-fuelled characteristic relevant with gasification; Be identified for described solid-fuelled solid fuel based on the described characteristic relevant and handle operating parameters with gasification; Utilize described operating parameters to handle described solid fuel, thereby discharge gas; And be collected in the described gas that discharges during described solid fuel is handled.Can utilize microwave technology to handle, utilize heating technique to handle, utilize pressure to handle, utilize steam to handle or similar techniques is handled described solid fuel.Described gas can be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or or the like.
Method and system can comprise: carry out solid fuel gasification by the solid fuel of selecting to be suitable for gasifying; Require to determine solid fuel processing operating parameters based on gasification from the terminal user; Utilize described operating parameters to handle described solid fuel, thereby discharge gas; And be collected in the described gas that discharges during described solid fuel is handled.Described terminal user can be power generating equipment, chemical facility, fuel cell facility or or the like.Can utilize microwave technology to handle, utilize heating technique to handle, utilize pressure to handle, utilize steam to handle or similar techniques is handled described solid fuel.Described gas can be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or or the like.
Method and system can comprise: carry out solid fuel gasification by the solid fuel of selecting to be suitable for gasifying; Require to determine solid fuel processing operating parameters based on gasification; Utilize described operating parameters to handle described solid fuel, thereby discharge gas; And be collected in the described gas that discharges during described solid fuel is handled.Described gasification requires to comprise the quantitative described gas of acquisition preliminary election.Described gasification requires to comprise the gas that obtains pre-selected.Can utilize microwave technology to handle, utilize heating technique to handle, utilize pressure to handle, utilize steam to handle or similar techniques is handled described solid fuel.Described gas can be synthetic gas, hydrogen, carbon monoxide or or the like.
Method and system can comprise: carry out solid fuel liquefaction by the solid fuel of selecting to be suitable for liquefying; Discern the described solid-fuelled characteristic relevant with liquefaction; Be identified for described solid-fuelled solid fuel based on the described characteristic relevant and handle operating parameters with liquefaction; Utilize described operating parameters to handle described solid fuel, thereby produce the liquid of expectation; And the liquid of collecting expectation.Described operating parameters can comprise utilize fischer-tropsch (Fischer-Tropsch) technology, utilize Bei Shi (Bergius) technology, utilize direct hydrogenation technology, utilize carbonization at low temperature (LTC) technology or similar technology.
Method and system can comprise: carry out solid fuel by the solid fuel of selecting to be used to handle and handle; Discern described solid-fuelled characteristic; Be identified for described solid-fuelled solid fuel based on described characteristic and handle operating parameters; And utilizing described operating parameters to handle described solid fuel, described operating parameters can comprise and preheat described solid fuel, and described operating parameters can comprise described solid fuel is carried out the postposition heating.
The system that is used for integrated solid fuel processing can comprise: solid fuel continuous feeding treatment facility, it removes pollutent (or claiming impurity) from solid fuel, thereby produces the solid fuel energy source (for example utilizing continuous feeding microwave treatment facility to come clean coal) of cleaning; And use facility (for example power plant, steel mill etc.), wherein said clean solid fuel energy source to be used as energy source in the use facility on described coexistence one ground with the coexist solid fuel on a ground of described solid fuel treatment facility.Described solid fuel treatment facility can directly be provided to the solid fuel after handling described solid fuel and use facility, described solid fuel to use facility, described solid fuel to use facility or similar facilities.Described solid fuel treatment facility can be provided to the solid fuel after handling indirectly described solid fuel and use facility, described solid fuel to use facility, described solid fuel to use facility or similar facilities.Described solid fuel use facility may be from the particular solid fuel treatment of described solid fuel treatment facility.Described particular solid fuel treatment can be produced a class and be used for the solid fuel energy source that solid fuel uses facility.Described particular solid fuel treatment can be produced a class and be used for the non-solid fuel product that solid fuel uses facility.Described particular solid fuel treatment can produce a special characteristic in described solid fuel.Described solid fuel energy source can be synthetic gas, hydrogen or or the like.Described solid fuel energy source can be the solid fuel that solid fuel uses facility to optimize.Described non-solid fuel product can be ash content, sulphur, water, sulphur, carbon monoxide, carbonic acid gas, synthetic gas, hydrogen or or the like.It can be power generating equipment, rolling mill that described solid fuel uses facility, chemical facility, landfill yard, water processing establishment or similar facilities.
Method disclosed herein can comprise the relevant initial solid fuel sample data of solid-fuelled one or more characteristic that provides and treat to be handled by the solid fuel treatment facility with each system; Expectation solid fuel characteristic is provided; Described initial solid fuel sample data that will be relevant with one or more characteristic and described expectation solid fuel characteristic compare, thereby determine solid fuel composition δ; Determine the manipulation parameter based on described solid fuel composition δ at least in part, described manipulation parameter is used for the operation of described solid fuel treatment facility to clean described solid fuel; And monitor the pollutent that during described solid fuel is handled, from described solid fuel, gives off, and adjust described manipulation parameter with respect to it, thus produce clean solid fuel.Described solid fuel treatment facility can be a microwave solids fuel treatment facility.Described solid fuel can be a coal.Described solid fuel sample data can be a database.
Described solid fuel characteristic can be water moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, sulphur per-cent, solid-fuelled type or similar characteristics.
Frequency or similar parameters that described manipulation parameter can be microwave power, microwave frequency, microwave application.
Described pollutent can comprise water, hydrogen, hydroxyl, sulfurous gas, liquid sulfur, ash content or or the like.
The pollutent of discharging can be by solid fuel facility sensor monitoring.Described transmitter can be provided for adjusting the feedback information of described manipulation parameter.
Described method and system can further comprise the steps: from public transmitting line high voltage electric directly to be offered microwave generator the treatment facility, and wherein said public transmitting line can be suitable for carrying high voltage electric (for example more than the 15kv).
Described method and system can further comprise the steps: to provide the travelling belt of multiple stratification, so that treatment facility is passed through in the solid fuel carrying, the travelling belt of wherein said multiple stratification can be suitable for allowing the microwave energy major part pass described band, but has the top layer that can resist wearing and tearing and can resist the pyritous second layer.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise and utilize microwave energy to preheat solid fuel, detects the solid fuel temperature whether on preset temperature, and the solid fuel that is on the preset temperature is taken measures.Described method and system can further comprise to be removed the overtemperature solid fuel and extinguishes the solid-fuelled measure of overtemperature.In described method and system, described energy is high-energy microwave, long duration microwave, different microwave frequency, or the like.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel by magnetic source, and utilizes described magnetic source to remove the solid fuel that comprises magneticsubstance.Described method and system can further comprise: make described solid fuel through magnet, so that any metallization material magnetization in the described solid fuel, and utilize described magnetic source to remove the solid fuel that is magnetized.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel by metal locator, detects the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and takes measures to comprising at least the solid fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described method and system can further comprise the solid-fuelled measure that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy of removing.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel by mass spectrograph, detects the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and takes measures to comprising at least all solids fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described method and system can further comprise the solid-fuelled measure that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy of removing.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel by nuclear magnetic resonance MRI facility, detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and take measures comprising at least all solids fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described method and system can further comprise the solid-fuelled measure that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy of removing.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance can comprise carries solid fuel by the coil winding facility, detection is passed the electric current that the described circle winding of line facility induces because of described solid fuel, and all solids fuel that induces the predetermined amount electric current is taken measures.Described method and system can further comprise the solid-fuelled measure that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy of removing.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel detects can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilizes the thermal imaging system facility to detect solid fuel above preset temperature, and all solids fuel that surpasses preset temperature is taken measures.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel detects can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilizes infrared IR facility to detect solid fuel above preset temperature, and all solids fuel that surpasses preset temperature is taken measures.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is removed can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers the robot device with detected solid-fuelled positional information, and utilizes the robot device to remove detected solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise to be removed the described solid fuel that is detected from the solid fuel treatment facility, remove the described solid fuel that is detected and it is joined among the solid fuel stock who accepts non-microwave treatment, and remove the described solid fuel that is detected and it is joined among the solid fuel stock who no longer accepts further to handle.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel suppresses can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers liquid hydro-peening facility with detected solid-fuelled positional information, and with liquid detected solid fuel is carried out hydro-peening to suppress detected solid fuel.In described method and system, described liquid can be water, cooling fluid, or the like.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel suppresses can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers liquid hydro-peening facility with detected solid-fuelled positional information, and in described solid fuel treatment facility the pre-position, will burn and suppress material and flow on the detected solid fuel.In described method and system, it can be water, nitrogen, rare gas element that described burning suppresses material, or the like.
The method and system that the thermal anomaly solid fuel suppresses can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, and air is removed to produce parital vacuum at least in the pre-position in described solid fuel treatment facility, and described parital vacuum has extinguished the solid fuel that exceeds preset temperature.
The method and system of thermal anomaly solid fuel management can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system the thermal anomaly solid fuel development in the solid fuel that prevents to have handled by the size of utilizing microwave dutycycle controlled microwave energy.In described method and system, described dutycycle is the described microwave system of pulsed modulation, and described dutycycle is conducting or turn-offs described microwave system, or the like.
The method and system of thermal anomaly solid fuel management can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, is used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system, and solid fuel is carried by the cooling stations between the microwave system.In described method and system, described cooling stations is the non-microwave station between the microwave station.In described method and system, described cooling stations comprises that the air of lesser temps with control solid fuel temperature, comprises rare gas element with control solid fuel temperature, comprises nitrogen with control solid fuel temperature, or the like.
The method and system of thermal anomaly solid fuel management can comprise carries solid fuel by the solid fuel treatment facility, be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system, detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, and when detecting preset temperature, reduce the microwave system energy.
Transmitting solid-fuelled method and system can comprise: transfer system is provided, and so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, described transfer system is that microwave energy is permeable basically; During handling, described solid fuel supports described solid-fuelled weight and temperature; And described solid fuel carried by described solid fuel treatment facility, wherein utilize the described solid fuel of microwave energy treatment.In described method and system, described transfer system be following one of at least: pliable and tough travelling belt, multilayer travelling belt, one group be travelling belt, slip-stick forwarder independently, cork screw formula forwarder, air cushion forwarder, coating forwarder, asbestos travelling belt, cooling zone and disposable travelling belt.In described method and system, described solid fuel weight can be about 50lbs/ft3.In described method and system, described solid fuel temperature can be about 250 °F-600 °F.
The method and system of configuring multi-layer travelling belt can comprise provides the multilayer travelling belt, is used for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, and each layer in the wherein said multilayer comprises at least a material; During solid fuel is handled, described travelling belt is exposed to microwave energy; Each layer of travelling belt is configured in the modular belts system so that wearability, thermotolerance and intensity to be provided.In described method and system, transmit belt more and can comprise tectum, refractory layer and enhancement Layer.In described method and system, described material can be following one of at least: silicone, Ah method Lars (aflas), glass fibre, silica, pottery, Kevlar (Kevlar), Ge Er (gore), PTFE glass fibre, teflon asbestos, EPDM rubber, polyester, nylon, isoprene-isobutylene rubber and RTV.
The method and system of repairing travelling belt can comprise provides conveyer belt system to be used for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, determines whether described conveyer belt system needs to repair, and utilizes service technique to repair described conveyer belt system.In described method and system, the determining of repairing made can be in described travelling belt is in described solid fuel treatment facility the time.In described method and system, the definite of described repairing can make outside described solid fuel treatment facility.In described method and system, described service technique can be to utilize RTV rubber to repair the hole of conveyer belt system.In described method and system, described service technique can be to take described conveyer belt system to and change a section of described conveyer belt system by splicing at least one section new transmission.
The method and system of cooling conveyer belt can comprise provides conveyer belt system so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is formed in the described belt wheel cooling channel is provided, allow refrigerant flow through the belt wheel cooling channel thereby the belt wheel that is cooled is provided, and, heat is delivered to the described belt wheel that is cooled from described travelling belt by described travelling belt and the described surface in contact that is cooled between the belt wheel are provided.In described method and system, described refrigerant can be following one of at least: air, gas, rare gas element, water, water base cooling fluid, oil base cooling fluid, deicing fluid.Described method and system can further be included in and use described refrigerant in solid fuel temperature suppressor or the fire annihilator.
The method and system of cooling conveyer belt can comprise provides conveyer belt system so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is configured to provide high surface area, and, heat is passed to the belt wheel of high surface area from described travelling belt by the surface in contact between described travelling belt and the described belt wheel is provided.
The method and system of cooling conveyer belt can comprise provides conveyer belt system so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is made with thermally conductive material, and, heat is passed to the belt wheel of high surface area from described travelling belt by the surface in contact between described travelling belt and the described belt wheel is provided.In described method and system, described thermally conductive material can be selected from copper, steel and aluminium.
Increase travelling belt method of life and system can comprise provides conveyer belt system so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, and by adopting big curvature belt wheel to reduce bending force, thereby improve the life-span of described travelling belt.In described method and system, the curvature of described belt wheel can be based on that the building material of described travelling belt determines.
In an embodiment, can be provided for the method and system of solid fuel heat management.These methods can comprise utilizes source of microwave energy to handle solid fuel, and the solid fuel that will handle is blended into the described solid fuel of lesser temps.In an embodiment, described solid fuel can be a coal.In an embodiment, the similar coal that has different size, shape and certain other types characteristic can be used to mix, thereby reduces the temperature of coal.
In an embodiment, can be provided in the method and system that forms the solid fuel mixture in the solid fuel treatment facility.These methods can comprise utilizes source of microwave energy to handle described solid fuel, and the mixed solid fuel of having handled forms the solid fuel mixture, and collects formed solid fuel mixture.In an embodiment, described solid fuel can be a coal.From the coal of homology (for example from different collieries, local coal storage storehouse) not, and the coal that has a content of mineral substances can be used to form coal mixtures.
In an embodiment, described solid fuel can be the pelletizing based on timber of wood chip, wooden pelletizing, farming and forestry pelletizing and certain other types.
In an embodiment, can be provided in the method and system that forms the solid fuel agglomerate in the solid fuel treatment facility.Described method can comprise: utilize source of microwave energy to handle solid fuel, the solid fuel of having handled carry out agglomerateization, thereby form the solid fuel agglomerate, and collect formed solid fuel agglomerate.In an embodiment, described solid fuel can be a coal.In an embodiment, described agglomerateization can be the chemical radicals blocking.In an embodiment, carry out agglomerateization so that the solid fuel product that protection has been handled is avoided weathering.Further, described agglomerateization can help to reduce fine powder and the dust that is associated with described solid fuel.
Handling solid-fuelled method and system can comprise: source of microwave energy is provided, from source of microwave energy, guide microwave energy by waveguide assembly, when microwave energy is gone forward side by side into the microwave chamber by the polarized area of waveguide assembly, make the microwave energy polarization, and the solid fuel that microwave cavity is indoor is exposed to the polar microwave energy.Described method and system can further comprise the solid-fuelled temperature that supervision is exposed.Described method and system can further comprise supervision solid-fuelled moisture content before and after treatment.Described method and system can further comprise: monitor solid-fuelled before and after treatment pollutant level.Described method and system can further comprise catches the moisture that discharges when handling from described solid fuel.In described method and system, described source of microwave energy can be the microwave generator of 125kW.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
Handling solid-fuelled method and system can comprise: source of microwave energy is provided, will get microwave energy from source of microwave energy and be transmitted in the microwave chamber, and the solid fuel that microwave cavity is indoor is exposed to the polar microwave energy.Described method and system can further comprise by waveguide assembly microwave energy is directed in the microwave chamber.Described method and system can further be included in microwave energy when going forward side by side into the microwave chamber by the polarized area of waveguide assembly, makes the microwave energy polarization.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, source of microwave energy can be the 125kW microwave generator.
The method and system that improves solid fuel thermo-efficiency can comprise: solid fuel is provided, solid fuel is exposed to microwave energy, so that remove a part of moisture in the solid fuel.In described method and system, described microwave energy can be polarized.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
Handling solid-fuelled method and system can comprise: microwave generator is provided, will be transmitted into from the microwave energy of producer in the Circular Polarisation waveguide device, with the described microwave energy that polarizes, and the solid fuel in the chamber is exposed to the Circular Polarisation microwave energy.In described method and system, described Circular Polarisation waveguide device can comprise the monoblock type polarization element.In described method and system, the polarization element in the waveguide assembly can make microwave inclination 45 degree, thereby makes that microwave begins to rotate.In described method and system, described polarization element can be following at least a: orthogonal, oval-shaped, asymmetrical, symmetric and columniform.In described method and system, described Circular Polarisation waveguide device can be made by extrusion molding.In described method and system, described waveguide assembly can an angle be couple to described chamber.In described method and system, described waveguide assembly can have following at least a shape: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.Described method and system can further be included between described Circular Polarisation waveguide device and the described chamber waveguide assembly is provided.
The method and system that handled thing is exposed to microwave energy can comprise: microwave generator is provided; To be transmitted in the poled waveguide device, from the microwave energy of microwave generator with the described microwave energy that polarizes; Oval horn feed (wherein horn feed is also referred to as horn radiator) is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise provides oval horn feed array, so that microwave energy is assigned in the chamber.Described method and system can further comprise array of radiators is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise described oval horn feed is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle.In described method and system, the angle ranging from 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-oval horn feed.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described radiator can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, described waveguide assembly can be following shape one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
The method and system that handled thing is exposed to microwave energy can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Microwave energy is transmitted into the oval horn feed from producer; Described oval horn feed is coupled to described chamber, and the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise: provide oval horn feed array so that microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber.Described method and system can further comprise array of radiators is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise described oval horn feed is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle.In described method and system, this angle can be 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-oval horn feed.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described radiator can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, described microwave energy can be polarized.
The method and system that handled thing is exposed to microwave energy can comprise: microwave generator is provided; To be transmitted in the poled waveguide device, from the microwave energy of producer with the described microwave energy that polarizes; Parabolic reflector is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise provides the parabolic reflector array, so that microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber.Described method and system can further comprise reflector array is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle with described parabolic reflector.In described method and system, this angle can be 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-parabolic reflector.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described reverberator can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, described waveguide assembly be shaped as following one of at least oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
Handled thing is exposed to the method and system of microwave energy, comprises: microwave generator is provided; The spontaneous microwave energy that gets on is transmitted into parabolic reflector in the future; Parabolic reflector is transmitted into the described chamber that comprises handled thing; And the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise: provide parabolic reflector, so that microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber.Described method and system can further comprise reflector array is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise reflector array is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle with described parabolic reflector.In described method and system, this angle can be 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-parabolic reflector.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described antenna can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, described microwave energy can be polarized.
The method and system that handled thing is exposed to microwave energy can comprise provides microwave generator; To be transmitted into the poled waveguide device from the microwave energy of producer, with the polarization microwave energy; The taper horn antenna is coupled to described waveguide assembly, so that the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing, and the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise: provide taper horn antenna array, microwave energy is assigned to described chamber.Described method and system can further comprise described aerial array is arranged to a pattern.Described method and system can further comprise is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle with the taper horn feed.In described method and system, this angle can be 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-taper horn antenna.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described antenna can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, the shape of described waveguide assembly can be following one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
The method and system that handled thing is exposed to microwave energy can comprise provides microwave generator; The spontaneous microwave energy that gets on is transmitted into the poled waveguide device in the future, with the described microwave energy that polarizes; The taper horn antenna is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And the handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.In described method and system, described handled thing can be a solid fuel.Described method and system can further comprise: provide the parabolic reflector array, microwave energy is assigned to described chamber.Described method and system can further comprise reflector array is arranged to pattern.Described method and system can further comprise is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle with described parabolic reflector.In described method and system, this angle can be 90 degree.In described method and system, described array also can comprise non-parabolic reflector.In described method and system, described polarization can be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.In described method and system, described antenna can an angle be coupled to described chamber.In described method and system, described microwave energy can be polarized.
Can comprise being dispensed to the method and system that solid-fuelled microwave energy is optimized: design has the microwave antenna of alterable features, comprises in the solid-fuelled chamber so that microwave energy is assigned to; The electric field pattern that simulation is produced in described solid fuel by microwave antenna; And the condition of verifying described microwave antenna.Described method and system can further comprise the simulation of revising variable and carrying out the electric field pattern.In described method and system, described condition can be a performance.In described method and system, described condition can be a reliability.Described method and system can further comprise: the electric field pattern that the artificial antenna array produces.Described method and system can further comprise the electric field pattern of simulation by the aerial array generation of different layouts.In described method and system, alterable features can be a size.In described method and system, alterable features can be the shape to the coupler of described chamber.In described method and system, alterable features can be a power.In described method and system, alterable features can be a cost.In described method and system, alterable features can be a composition.In described method and system, alterable features can be a polarizability.In described method and system, alterable features can be the bend in the described antenna.In described method and system, alterable features can be to described solid-fuelled distance.In described method and system, alterable features can be the angle that is inserted into described chamber.Described method and system can further be included in and change described chamber in the described simulation.In described method and system, the width of described chamber is variable.In described method and system, the yardstick of described chamber is variable.In described method and system, the atmosphere of described chamber is variable.In described method and system, described simulation can be a wave spectrogram.In described method and system, described simulation can be the electric field pattern.In described method and system, described simulation can be that return loss is measured.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, wherein said solid fuel has been filtered into have been got rid of less than the threshold size solid fuel particle of (or claiming threshold size), thereby has optimized microwave energy to described solid-fuelled distribution.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, wherein said solid fuel has been dispensed on and has become a density to be optimized to the distribution of described solid-fuelled microwave energy in the described chamber.In described method and system, described solid-fuelled distribution can be uniform.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent in the described chamber; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, wherein said solid fuel is distributed in the described chamber by a pattern, to be optimized to the distribution of described solid-fuelled microwave energy.In described method and system, described solid-fuelled distribution can be uniform.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent in the described chamber; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, the shape that wherein is sent to the described microwave energy in the described chamber is optimised for and equably microwave energy is dispensed to described solid fuel.Shape at microwave energy described in the described method and system can be determined by the shape of waveguide assembly.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent in the described chamber by waveguide assembly; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, the shape of wherein said waveguide assembly is optimized to microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described wave energy is sent in the described chamber by the waveguide assembly array; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, the layout structure of wherein said waveguide assembly is optimised for microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.In described method and system, described layout structure can be a pattern.In described method and system, described layout structure can be the angle that is inserted into described chamber.In described method and system, described layout structure can be the orientation angle with respect to another waveguide assembly.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The solid-fuelled method and system that microwave energy is uniformly distributed in the chamber can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent in the described chamber by the poled waveguide device; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy, the polarization of wherein said microwave energy is optimised for microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.In described method and system, the distribution of optimizing microwave energy can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The method and system that minimizes return loss with the solid fuel of energy distribution to chamber the time can comprise: microwave generator is provided; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent in the described chamber; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, the pattern of wherein said solid fuel in described chamber is optimised for and minimized return loss.In described method and system, minimize return loss and can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
The method and system that minimizes return loss with the solid fuel of energy distribution to chamber the time can comprise provides microwave generator; Produce microwave energy and described energy is sent to described chamber by waveguide assembly; And the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, wherein said waveguide assembly is carried out impedance matching to described chamber, to minimize return loss.In described method and system, minimize return loss and can further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator.
Handling solid-fuelled method and system can comprise: solid fuel is provided; Solid fuel is transported to the inside of microwave chamber, and wherein said coal is that lying,, and randomly transport along band; Microwave generator is provided; Guide microwave energy by waveguide assembly from producer; Described waveguide assembly is coupled to described microwave chamber; And the solid fuel in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy from described waveguide assembly.Described method and system can further comprise the polarization microwave energy.
In a scheme of the present invention, pre-definite solid-fuelled system and method for thermal anomaly can comprise: solid fuel is carried through roentgen machine, detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and take measures comprising at least the solid fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.In described method and system, described measure can be: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described solid fuel can be removed by robot device's (or claiming robot apparatus).In a scheme of the present invention, pre-definite solid-fuelled system and method for thermal anomaly can comprise: solid fuel is carried through the material analysis system, detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and all are being comprised at least the solid fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy take measures.In described method and system, described measure can be: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described solid fuel can be removed by robot device's Lay.
In a scheme of the present invention, pre-definite solid-fuelled system and method for thermal anomaly can comprise: solid fuel is carried through the scattering of electromagnetic wave system, detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy, and all are being comprised at least the solid fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy take measures.In described system and method, described measure can be: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.Described solid fuel can be removed by robot device's Lay.
In a scheme of the present invention, pre-definite solid-fuelled system and method for thermal anomaly can comprise: solid fuel is carried through magnetic detection system, the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount magneticsubstance is detected, and all solid fuels that comprise the predetermined amount magneticsubstance are at least taken measures.In described system and method, this measure can be to remove solid fuel with the predetermined amount magneticsubstance.Described solid fuel can be removed by robot device's Lay.
In a scheme of the present invention, the system and method that solid fuel is carried out heat management can comprise: solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system, and solid fuel is carried the solid fuel of having handled with cooling by the cooling stations between the microwave system.In described system and method, described cooling stations can provide the surface of cooling chemical preparations to apply, so that control solid fuel temperature.In described system and method, described cooling stations can apply the cooling gas of control solid fuel temperature.In described system and method, described cooling stations can be the transmission of facility that has been cooled.
In a scheme of the present invention, the system and method that solid fuel is carried out heat management can comprise: utilize source of microwave energy to handle described solid fuel, and the solid fuel that will handle with have the solid-fuelled solid fuel of lesser temps and mix, thereby reduce the solid-fuelled temperature of having handled.In described system and method, the solid fuel of having handled and the solid fuel of lesser temps can be same types.In described system and method, the solid fuel of having handled and the solid fuel of lesser temps can be dissimilar.In described system and method, the solid fuel of having handled and the solid fuel of lesser temps can be that one or more plant size.In described system and method, the solid fuel of having handled and the solid fuel of lesser temps can be planted shape for one or more.In described system and method, mixing can be carried out after described solid fuel is processed.In described system and method, mixing can be carried out during described solid fuel is handled.
In a scheme of the present invention, the system and method that forms the solid fuel mixture in the solid fuel treatment facility can comprise: utilize source of microwave energy to handle described solid fuel, and the solid fuel that will handle mixes to form the solid fuel mixture at solid fuels different aspect at least one characteristic with at least a.In described system and method, described characteristic can be a solid fuel source.In described system and method, described characteristic can be a treated state.In described system and method, described characteristic can be the solid fuel type.In described system and method, described characteristic can be a size.In described system and method, described characteristic can be a shape.In described system and method, mixing can be mixed into solid fuel after described solid fuel is processed.In described system and method, mixing can be carried out during described solid fuel is handled.
In a scheme of the present invention, the system and method that forms solid burning block group can comprise: utilize source of microwave energy to handle solid fuel, and described solid fuel is carried out piece groupization, to form solid burning block group.Described system and method can further comprise: carrying out grinding (also claiming to pulverize) described solid fuel before the piece groupization.In described system and method, piece groupization can be carried out during described solid fuel is handled.In described system and method, piece groupization can be carried out after described solid fuel is handled.In described system and method, piece groupization can comprise: add binder in the solid fuel product.Described binder can be a starch.Described binder can be molasses.In described system and method, piece groupization can be included in carries out exerting pressure during the piece groupization.In described system and method, described solid fuel is wood chip (or claiming the wood flower).In described system and method, described solid fuel is a wooden shot group.In described system and method, described solid fuel is the agroforestry pelletizings.In described system and method, described solid fuel is a coal.
In a scheme of the present invention, a kind of system and method can comprise: solid fuel is transported to the microwave cavity chamber interior, wherein said solid fuel lying, and randomly transmit along band, to pass through a plurality of waveguide assemblies from the microwave energy guiding of microwave generator emission, in described a plurality of waveguide assembly each is arranged to the substantial part of described microwave energy is directed to the different piece of described band, and the solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to the microwave energy that comes out from described a plurality of waveguide assemblies.In described method and system, described band can have the lateral dimensions that is substantially perpendicular to its main direct of travel.In described method and system, in described a plurality of waveguide assembly each can further be arranged to the substantial part of microwave energy is directed to the different piece with respect to described lateral dimensions of described band, thereby makes all basically solid fuels that are in the described lateral dimensions be exposed at least some microwave radiations.Though each waveguide assembly can be directed to the substantial part of microwave energy the different piece of described band, can have eclipsed part basically, thereby make solid fuel from each of described a plurality of waveguide assemblies, receive microwave energy.In described method and system, each described waveguide assembly can provide the linearly polarized microwave energy.In described method and system, each described waveguide assembly can provide the circularly polarized microwave energy.In described method and system, at least one described waveguide assembly can provide the circularly polarized microwave energy.In described method and system, at least one described waveguide assembly can provide the linearly polarized microwave energy.In described method and system, at least one described waveguide assembly can be associated with oval-shaped exit portion basically.In described method and system, at least one described waveguide assembly can be associated with parabola shaped basically exit portion.In described method and system, at least one described waveguide assembly can be associated with the exit portion of taper basically.
In a scheme of the present invention, the system and method that forms solid burning block group can comprise: solid fuel is carried by continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility; , be used to handle described solid fuel when the described treatment facility at described solid fuel from the energy of the electromagnetic energy system of described solid fuel treatment facility; And solid burning block groupization, thereby form solid burning block group by utilizing piece groupization facility that the solid fuel of having handled is exerted pressure and will have been handled.Described system and method can further be included in and carry out reducing described solid-fuelled size before the piece groupization.Reduce described size and can be included in solid fuel and enter before the treatment facility, grind (also claiming to pulverize) and/or the described solid fuel of crushing.Reducing described size can comprise described solid fuel is ground and/or is crushed down to less than 1/8 inch.Binder can be added in the solid fuel.Described binder can be following at least a: starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, molasses, sawdust, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.Described binder can be added before changing the solid fuel size.Described binder can be after changing described solid fuel size but was added before processing.Described binder can be after being handled but was added before piece groupization.In described method and system, described solid fuel can be following one of at least: based on product, agriculture and forestry product, the biomass energy product of timber, with coal.Described coal can be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.Described coal can be a coal dust.Described coal dust size can be less than 28 meshes.But described coal dust coal dust be in slurry, pug or thickener one of at least in.Described coal dust can be from the metallurgical coal carrying out washing treatment.Described coal dust can or be retained from the waste coal district.In described method and system, described electromagnetic energy is a microwave energy.In described method and system, described electromagnetic energy is the RF energy.In described method and system, described electromagnetic energy can work in the frequency between about 900 to 930MHz.In described method and system, described electromagnetic energy can work in about 50kW or higher power.In described method and system, described group's facility adjustment is selected from one or more following attribute at least: rolling moment, torsional moment, lift-over power and twisting resistance.Described method and system can further be included in and improve described solid-fuelled temperature when described solid fuel enters described group facility.Described temperature can be at least 60 °F.When described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described temperature can be at least 150 °F.When described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described temperature can be at least 200 °F.In described method and system, described solid fuel was processed into before entering described group's facility has the expectation moisture content.Described moisture content can be lower than 12%.When described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content can be lower than 10%.When described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content can be more than 2%.When described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described moisture content can be lower than 5%.Described method and system can further be included as described group increases tectum.Described tectum can be a wax.Described method and system can further comprise extra solid fuel material and the solid fuel material mixing of having handled.Described extra solid fuel material can be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.Described extra solid fuel material has been utilized to the energy process mistake from the electromagnetic energy system.Described method and system places outdoor environment with described group and protects described group to avoid the ambient moisture invasion and attack after can further comprising processing.In described method and system, binder and tectum can be added to described group.Described binder is at least a in the following material: sawdust, starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, sugar are close, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.Described tectum can be a wax.
According to hereinafter detailed description of the preferred embodiment and accompanying drawing, those skilled in the art will understand these and other systems of the present invention, method, target, feature and advantage.Full content at these all documents of by reference this paper being mentioned is incorporated this paper into.
Description of drawings
By with reference to the following drawings, can understand the present invention and hereinafter to detailed description that its some embodiment did:
Fig. 1 shows an embodiment of solid fuel treatment facility total system framework;
Fig. 2 show the solid fuel treatment facility and the solid fuel terminal user that handled between an embodiment concerning;
Fig. 3 shows an embodiment of the travelling belt that has multi-ply construction;
Fig. 4 shows an embodiment of the travelling belt under the intectate situation;
Fig. 5 shows one and incorporates the travelling belt that the middle interposed layer of being made by heat-stable material is arranged into;
Fig. 6 shows an embodiment who incorporates the travelling belt that multi-ply construction is arranged into, and wherein this multi-ply construction can comprise heat-stable material;
Fig. 7 shows an embodiment who has tectal travelling belt;
Fig. 8 shows an embodiment who does not have tectal travelling belt;
An embodiment of the travelling belt of heat-resistant material layer in the middle of Fig. 9 shows and has;
Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the travelling belt that has combination layer;
Figure 11 shows an embodiment of modular interconnect travelling belt;
Figure 12 and 13 shows an embodiment of air cushion travelling belt;
Figure 14 shows an embodiment who utilizes different travelling belts at solid fuel band facility;
Figure 15 shows an embodiment of travelling belt cooling system;
Figure 16 shows an embodiment of major diameter roller;
Figure 17 shows an embodiment of heat exchange and condenser system;
Figure 18 shows an embodiment of the magnetron that can be used as a solid fuel treatment facility microwave system part;
Figure 19 shows an embodiment of the high voltage supply facility that is used for magnetron;
Figure 20 shows an embodiment of transless high pressure input transmission facilities;
Figure 21 shows an embodiment of the high pressure input transmission facilities that has transformer;
Figure 22 shows an embodiment of the transless high pressure input transmission facilities of band inductor block;
Figure 23 shows an embodiment of the direct current DC high pressure input transmission facilities that has transformer;
Figure 24 shows an embodiment of the high pressure input transmission facilities that has transformer isolation;
Figure 25 shows the linear polarization in the rectangular waveguide device;
Figure 26 A, Figure 26 B and Figure 26 C show cross section, end view and the vertical view of circular polarizer;
Figure 27 shows rectangle to circular transformer;
Figure 28 shows the cylindrical section of circular polarizer;
Figure 29 shows crooked waveguide assembly;
Figure 30 shows the layout at band facility place polarizer;
Figure 31 shows the circular polarizer assembly;
Figure 32 shows the radiation pattern of circular polarizer assembly;
Figure 33 shows the radiation pattern of circular polarizer assembly array;
Figure 34 shows taper bugle (or claiming loudspeaker) antenna unit;
Figure 35 shows the radiation pattern of taper bugle assembly;
Figure 36 shows the alternative constructions of taper bugle assembly;
Figure 37 shows the radiation pattern of taper bugle assembly;
Figure 38 shows oval horn antenna assembly;
Figure 39 shows the radiation pattern of oval horn antenna assembly;
Figure 40 shows the radiation pattern of a plurality of oval horn antenna assemblies;
Figure 41 shows the radiation pattern of oval horn antenna assembly;
Figure 42 shows the parabolic reflector assembly;
Figure 43 shows the radiation pattern of parabolic reflector assembly;
Figure 44 shows the parabolic reflector assembly on the parabolical surface that has extension; And
Figure 45 shows the radiation pattern of the parabolic reflector assembly on the parabolical surface that is used to have extension.
Figure 46 shows the structure of solid fuel treatment facility.
Embodiment
In all the elements of the present disclosure, phrase " such as " mean " such as and be nonrestrictive ".In all the elements of the present disclosure, phrase " for example " means " for example and be nonrestrictive ".In all the elements of the present disclosure, phrase " in an example " means " in an example and be nonrestrictive ".In all the elements of the present disclosure, phrase " in another example " means " in another example and be nonrestrictive ".Prevailingly, any, all examples can be provided as and be used for purpose of explanation, are not restrictive.
Fig. 1 shows all respects of the present invention, and these aspects relate to solid fuel treatment facility 132, and it utilizes electromagnetic energy to come to remove product by contained product in the heat solid fuel from solid fuel, to improve solid-fuelled performance.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be used to handle the solid fuel of any kind, comprise (for example and nonrestrictive) coal, coke, charcoal, peat, timber, briquette, biological mass-energy fuel, biodegradable waste material, wood chip, wooden pelletizing (or claiming wood substance grain fuel), the farming and forestry pelletizing, that live or soon the biomaterial of dying, biomass energy crop for example awns belongs to, switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, bamboo, jowar, Eucalyptus, Pinus massoniana Lamb, coconut, Sunflower Receptacle, coconut, sugarcane, marine alga, bagasse, straw, grass, the vegetables residue, organic waste, or the like.Though it is open that many embodiment of the present invention will come in conjunction with the processing of coal, but should be appreciated that, such embodiment goes for other forms of solid fuel and handles, coke for example, charcoal, peat, timber, piece group, biological mass-energy fuel, biodegradable waste material, wood chip, wooden pelletizing, the farming and forestry pelletizing, that live or soon the biomaterial of dying, the biomass energy crop for example can be awns and belongs to switchgrass, hemp, corn, poplar, willow, bamboo, jowar, Eucalyptus, Pinus massoniana Lamb, coconut, Sunflower Receptacle, coconut, sugarcane, marine alga, bagasse, straw, grass, the vegetables residue, organic waste, or the like.
As shown in Figure 1, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be used as free-standing facility, perhaps can be associated with colliery 102, coal storage facility 112 or similar facilities.As illustrating in greater detail among Fig. 2, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be associated with the coal facility with following, and for example the coal combustion facility 200, and coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212, coal transport facility 214, coal storage facility 218, or similar facilities.
In an embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be used to by removing the quality that non-product of coal improves coal, and the coal that these non-products of coal may hinder particular type shows the best combustion characteristic.Non-product of coal can comprise: moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine, mercury, water, hydrogen, hydroxyl, volatile matter or or the like.Described non-product of coal (for example water) can reduce the BTU/lb combustioncharacteristics of coal, heated before coal can burn and remove non-product of coal because need carry out BTU, perhaps such product (for example ash content) may hinder in combustion processes in the structure that air flows into coal.Coal can have a plurality of grades, and these grades can be evaluated according to the amount of non-product of coal in the coal (for example water, sulphur, hydrogen, hydroxyl and ash content).In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be handled coal at the treatment step of removing non-product of coal from coal by carrying out a plurality of being used for.In one embodiment, the method for removing non-product of coal from coal can realize in the following way, thereby the non-product of coal that is: adds in the hot coal discharges non-product of coal from coal.Described heating can realize in the following way, that is: utilize the electromagnetic energy of microwave or radio wave energy (microwave) form to heat non-product of coal.In an embodiment, available delivery system is handled coal, thereby coal is transported by at least one microwave system 148 and/or other treatment steps.
Referring to Fig. 1, the each side of solid fuel treatment facility 132 is illustrated as having the embodiment of solid fuel treatment facility 132, and it has the coal processing components that other are associated.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be from least one ore deposit 102 or coal storage facility 112 receive coals.There are many databases can follow the tracks of and store the expectation coal characteristic 122 of the coal of the coal of the coal characteristic of coal of original exploitation and particular type or particular batch.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can have the processing that a plurality of systems and facility are supported coal, they can determine operating parameters, monitor and the retouching operation parameter, with the coal conveying by being used to handle the chamber of coal, from chamber, remove non-product of coal, collect and dispose non-product of coal, the coal that output is handled well, or the like.After having handled coal according to system and method as herein described, coal can be transferred to uses the coal facility, as shown in Figure 2.In addition, the data that produce in the process that the coal of having handled is detected (or claiming test) and other can be transmitted to for information about uses the coal facility, as shown in Figure 2.
Referring to Fig. 2, show the each side that solid fuel treatment facility 132 has been handled coal coal use afterwards.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be by removing the quality that non-product of coal improves coal, and it can allow and use the various of this coal to improve rate of combustion and reduced byproduct with the coal facility.Can include but not limited to the coal facility: coal combustion facility (for example generate electricity, heat, metallurgy), coal conversion facilities (for example gasification), coal by-products facility, coal transport facility, coal storage facility, or the like.By using the coal of having handled from solid fuel treatment facility 132, can use more low-grade coal with the coal facility, have byproduct still less, have lower discharging, have higher rate of combustion (for example BTU/lb), or the like.For example, according to concrete difference with the required coal amount of coal facility, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be arranged to directly related with the coal facility, and perhaps solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be arranged to away from using the coal facility.
On a high level, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise a plurality of assemblies, and they can provide each side of the present invention; In these assemblies some can comprise extra assembly, module or system.The assembly of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise: parameter generating facility 128, charging facility 124, monitoring facility 134, gas generation facility 152, anti-ly lights facility 154, band facility 130, holds facility 162, treatment facility 160, disposes (or claiming to dispose) facility 158, cooling infrastructure 164, discharging facility 168, test facilities 170, or the like.Band facility 130 can comprise extraly: preheating facility 138, controller 144, microwave/radiowave system 148, parameter control device 140, sensing system 142, removal system 150, or the like.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can receive the coal from least one colliery 102 or coal storage facility 112, and the coal after handling can be offered at least one coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212, coal transport facility 214, coal storage facility 218, or the like.
Refer again to Fig. 1, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can for example colliery 102 or coal storage facility 112 receive raw coal from a plurality of different original coal sources.The output of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be delivered to a plurality of different coal enterprises that use, and for example coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212, coal transport facility 214, the coal storage facility 218 after handling, or the like.In solid fuel treatment facility 132, handle coal and can when treating processes begins, import raw coal, carry out a plurality for the treatment of processess (heating, cooling, non-product of coal are collected), and the coal after will handling outputs to the discharging facility 168 that is used to distribute.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be associated with coal source (for example colliery or storage facility), can be free-standing facility, can be associated with the coal facility or or the like.
In an embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be positioned at place, coal source, thereby allows the coal source to provide best coal characteristic for its coal of producing.For example, the inferior grade coal with high humidity content may be exploited out in the colliery.The colliery can be exploited out these coals and in same place these coals be handled, thereby the highest ranking of specific grade coal can be provided.Another example may be a colliery 102 with different grades coal, and in this embodiment, colliery 102 can be by handling coal in solid fuel treatment facility 132, has like attribute thereby the coal of various different gradess is processed into.This can make colliery 102 have the stocking system of simplification, because the colliery can store the coal of single-grade rather than store the coal of various different gradess in a lot of places.This single coal grade stores and also can make colliery 102 provide consistent all the time high-quality single-grade coal to its user.This has also simplified client's coal combustion requirement, because only need single coal grade quality is managed.The consistence of coal supply can improve uses coal efficient, and this will be introduced in conjunction with Fig. 2 hereinafter.
In an embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be free-standing facility, and it can receive raw coal from a plurality of independent collieries 102 and coal storage facility 112, and the coal that coal is processed into more high-quality grade is used for selling once more.Stand alone type solid fuel treatment facility 132 can store a lot of different raw coal and the coal after the processing on the spot.For example, based on requirement of client, described solid fuel treatment facility can be selected the raw coal of a certain grade, and these coals are processed into certain specification, so that consign to the client.The broad variety that the client may often require and the coal of grade also can be handled and store to solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Can receive raw coal so that handle raw coal according to its needs from a plurality of collieries 102 and coal storage facility 112 with the solid fuel treatment facility 132 that is associated with coal enterprise, this will describe in conjunction with Fig. 2 hereinafter in more detail.By this way, coal can be processed into its desired specification with coal enterprise.Also can have special-purpose solid fuel treatment facility 132 with coal enterprise, for example, if this enterprise needs a large amount of coals of processing.
As shown in Figure 1, can be from the colliery 102 directly obtain raw coal.Colliery 102 can be surface mines or [underground.Colliery 102 can have the coal of the same type of different grades, perhaps can have various dissimilar coals in single colliery 102.After coal mining went out, colliery 102 can be stored in these original coals of exploiting out on-the-spot coal storage facility 104, and this coal storage facility can store dissimilar coals and/or can store the coal of various different gradess.After exploiting out, can test raw coal, to determine the characteristic 110 of raw coal.Colliery 102 available standards coal test facilities are determined the characteristic 110 of coal.The characteristic of coal can comprise: moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.Available standards is tested and is detected raw coal, ASTM standard D 388 (" coal rank classification ") for example, ASTM standard D 2013 (" coal sampling preparation method "), ASTM standard D 3180 (" from measured coal and coke analytical calculation standard implementation rules ") to different compounds, US Geological Survey 1823 (" sampling of coal and inorganic analysis method "), or the like.
Coal storage facility 104 also can be to 102 coals that receive sort (or claiming screening) or adjust size from the colliery.The size of the raw coal of exploiting out or shape may and not meet the requirement of resaling to coal enterprise.If wish to adjust size, coal storage facility 104 can be adjusted the size of raw coal by using pulverizer, coal crusher, ball mill, pulverizer or allied equipment.After having adjusted the raw coal size, can sort coal so that store according to size, perhaps coal can be stored to as from receiving adjusting big or small treating processes.The different different coal sizes that can find to help their coal combustion process with coal enterprise; Fixed bed coal burning 220 may need long bigger coal combustion time, and comminuted coal burning 222 may need very little coal size so that rapid combustion.
Utilize former coal characteristic 110, colliery 102 storage facilities 104 can be classified according to raw coal and be stored raw coal, so that it is transported to the coal treatment facility or uses coal enterprise.Transporting facility 108 can be associated with coal storage facility 108, so that raw coal is transported to the client.Transporting facility 108 can be by railway, boats and ships, barge or the like; These facilities can be used so that coal is transported to the client separately or in combination.Coal storage facility 104 can use conveying (or claim transport) system, and it can comprise: travelling belt 300, go-cart, rail car, truck, tractor, or the like, thereby being transported to, the coal of the good class of branch transports facility 108.In one embodiment, have at least a coal delivery system that raw coal is flowed to and transport facility 108.
Coal storage facility 112 can be an independently coal storage enterprise, and it can receive raw coal so that store and sell once more from a plurality of collieries 102.The coal of the coal that the raw coal that receives from colliery 102 can original be exploited out, the coal after the adjustment size, process letter sorting, or the like.Colliery 102 can have the coal characteristic 110 of previous detection, and coal characteristic can be provided coal supply storage facility 112.Coal storage facility 112 can be 102 to purchase coal so that distribution is given a plurality of clients, perhaps the remote storage facility 112 that can be associated with colliery 102 from the colliery.
As the part of coal storage facility 112, can detect to determine its characteristic raw coal.Coal storage facility 112 can use the coal checkout facility of standard to determine the characteristic of coal.Coal characteristic can comprise: the form of moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.Available standards is tested and is detected raw coal, for example " ASTM standard D 388 " (" coal rank classification "), ASTM standard D 2013 (" coal sampling preparation method "), ASTM standard D 3180 (" from measured coal and coke analytical calculation standard implementation rules ") to different compounds, US Geological Survey 1823 (" sampling of coal and inorganic analysis method "), or the like.
Coal storage facility 112 also can be to 102 coals that receive sort (or claiming screening) or adjust size from the colliery.The size of the raw coal of exploiting out or shape may and not meet the requirement of resaling to coal enterprise.If wish to adjust size, coal storage facility 104 can be adjusted the size of raw coal by using pulverizer, coal crusher, ball mill, pulverizer or allied equipment.After having adjusted the raw coal size, can sort coal so that store according to size, perhaps coal can be stored to as from receiving adjusting big or small treating processes.The different different coal sizes that can find to help their coal combustion process with coal enterprise.For example, in coal combustion, fixed bed coal 220 systems of burning may need long bigger coal combustion time, and other system may need very little coal size so that rapid combustion.
Utilize former coal characteristic, storage facility 104 can be classified according to raw coal and be stored raw coal, so that it is transported to the coal treatment facility or uses coal enterprise.Transporting facility 118 can be associated with coal storage facility 114, so that raw coal is transported to the client.Transporting facility 118 can be by railway, boats and ships, barge or the like; These facilities can be used so that coal is transported to the client separately or in combination.Coal storage facility 114 can use delivery system, and it can comprise: travelling belt 300, go-cart, rail car, truck, tractor, or the like, thereby being transported to, the coal of the good class of branch transports facility 118.In one embodiment, in one embodiment, have at least a coal delivery system that raw coal is flowed to and transport facility 118.
Coal characteristic 110 from colliery 102 and coal storage facility 112 can be stored in coal sample data facility 120.Coal sample data facility 120 can comprise the concrete coal volume amount (coal lot) that is used for, batch, grade, type, shipment, or the like all data, they use parameter characterization, these parameters can comprise: moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.
In an embodiment, coal sample data facility 120 can be independently computer installation or a sets of computer device so that storage and follow the tracks of coal characteristic 110.Computer installation can be desktop computer, server, the webserver, laptop computer, CD device, DVD device, hard disk driver system, or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.Coal sample data facility 120 can comprise a data acquisition, its can be database, relational database, XML, RSS, ascii text file, flat file, text, or the like.In one embodiment, coal sample data facility 120 is searchable, so that obtain the desired data characteristic of coal.
Coal sample data facility 120 can be positioned at colliery 102, coal storage facility 112, solid fuel treatment facility 132 or can be positioned at away from all these facility parts.In one embodiment, any in these facilities can be utilized network connected reference coal characteristic data.Upgrade and revise visit and can be authorized to in the connection facility any.In one embodiment, coal sample data facility 120 can be the independently enterprise of storage and distribution coal characteristic data.
Coal sample data facility 120 can provide reference information to parameter generating facility 128, coal desired characteristic facility 122 and/or price/trading facilities 178.In an embodiment, described reference information can not be revised by these facilities, but can be used by them, for example so that be identified for solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameters, transfer the original coal characteristic or calculate the price of this batch coal.
In coal desired characteristic facility 122, determine the desired characteristic of coal.Coal desired characteristic facility 122 can be independently a computer installation or a sets of computer device, is used for the final expectation coal characteristic of coal storage for being identified.Computer installation can be desktop computer, server, the webserver, laptop computer, CD device, DVD device, hard disk driver system, or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.
Coal desired characteristic facility 122 can comprise a data acquisition, its can be database, relational database, XML, RSS, ascii text file, flat file, text, or the like.In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic facility 122 is searchable, so that obtain the expected data characteristic of coal.
In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic 122 can be determined and maintenance by solid fuel treatment facility 132, for example, for the coal of accessible each type of this facility and grade, can determine and safeguard the desired characteristic of the final coal of handling.These characteristics can be stored in the coal desired characteristic facility 122, and can be used in combination with information from coal sample data facility 120 by parameter generating facility 128, thereby are formed for the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, a plurality of coal desired characteristic 122 data logging can be arranged; For solid fuel treatment facility 132 accessible every kind of coal type and coal grades, a data logging can be arranged.
In one embodiment, for every batch of coal that the solid fuel treatment facility is received, a coal desired characteristic 122 data logging can be arranged.Can have some coal desired characteristics 122 by solid fuel treatment facility 132 based on the quality of receipts coal with formulate or form by the variation that 132 influences of solid fuel treatment facility produce.For example, solid fuel treatment facility 132 only can reduce certain per-cent with the amount of sulphur or ash content, can and consider that therefore the variation that solid fuel treatment facility 132 can cause formulates or form coal desired characteristic 122 based on initial sulphur and ash content per-cent.
In one embodiment, can formulate or form coal desired characteristic 122 based on requirement of client.Coal desired characteristic 122 can be enacted in improved combustioncharacteristics, reduced some discharging, or the like.
Based on the characteristic of coal sample with from the data of desired characteristic facility 122, can determine the operating parameters that is used for handling coals at solid fuel treatment facility 132.These operating parameterss can be provided for band facility 130 controllers 144 and monitoring facility 134.Described operating parameters can be used to control band facility 130 atmosphere surroundings, coal input quantity, pre-heating temperature, required transmitter setting, microwave frequency, microwave power, microwave dutycycle (for example pulse or successive), load, rate of cooling, or the like.
In an embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be various facilities and system's generation elementary operation parameter of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Parameter generating facility 128 can be independently a computer installation or a sets of computer device, is used for the final expectation coal characteristic of coal storage for being identified.Computer installation can be desktop computer, server, the webserver, laptop computer or allied equipment.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.Described parameter generating facility 128 the elementary operation parameter can be stored as database, relational database, XML, RSS, ascii text file, flat file, text, or the like.In one embodiment, the elementary operation parameter of being stored is searchable, so that obtain the expected data characteristic of coal.
In order to begin the parameter generating process, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can identify can be processed certain a collection of coal, and required parameter produces facility 128 and generates the operating parameters that is used for this a collection of coal.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can further be indicated required final processed coal parameter.Parameter generating facility 128 can be inquired about coal sample data facility 120 and coal desired characteristic facility 122, generates the required data of described operating parameters to obtain.
From coal sample data facility 120, can ask the data of former coal characteristic 110 to determine the starting characteristic of coal.In one embodiment, certain batch coal for specific can have the data logging more than.Parameter generating facility 128 can be selected last characteristic, and characteristic is averaged, select the earliest characteristic, or the like.Can provide algorithm to determine suitable data to be used for initial coal characteristic from coal sample data 120.
From coal desired characteristic 122, being used for the final data of having handled coal can be selected.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 may have been selected specific coal desired characteristic 122.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can select to produce coal desired characteristic 122 records based on having handled the characteristic that the coal parameter is preferably mated with required final of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Parameter generating facility 128 can provide the indication of institute's coal separation desired characteristic 122 to solid fuel treatment facility 132, so that be given the ratification before generating carrying out operating parameters.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can use a computer applied algorithm, and this application program can be used the rule of handling raw coal and form the coal of finally having handled.These rules can be the parts of application program or can be used as data storage.Applied these rules of application program can be determined solid fuel treatment facility 132 and handle the required operating parameters of coal.The data set that obtains can be created, and this data set can comprise the benchmark operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, for the processing of some particular coal, one group of predetermined benchmark operating parameters can be arranged.Parameter generating facility 128 can carry out optimum matching between coal sample data 120, coal desired characteristic 122 and parameter preset, so that determine the benchmark operating parameters.
Parameter generating facility 128 also can be determined the operating parameters tolerance, and it can be maintained in and be used for coal is processed into the required coal characteristic of finally having handled.
In case determined the benchmark operating parameters, parameter generating facility 128 can offer operating parameters controller 144 and monitoring facility 134, so that control solid fuel treatment facility 132.
As shown in Figure 1, treat coal, become the coal of finally having handled from raw coal by 132 processing of solid fuel treatment facility, can experience one group for the treatment of processes, for example charging 124, the processing in band facility 130, processing in cooling infrastructure 164, and output to external position.In band facility 130, can carry out a lot of coal treating processess, for example coal is preheated, use the microwave treatment coal, collect non-product of coal (for example water, sulphur, hydrogen, hydroxyl), or the like.In one embodiment, pending coal can be carried out some or all of available and handle, and for the coal of certain particular type, some processing can be repeated repeatedly, and other processing can be skipped.All processing steps and processing parameter can be determined by parameter generating facility 128, and can be provided for the monitoring facility 134 that is used to control the controller 144 of these processing and is used for revising according to the feedback of transmitter 142 these operating parameterss.Monitoring facility 134 also can be transmitted one group of sensor parameters, and these sensor parameters can be used to determine whether the coal treating processes is handling coal as requested.
In an embodiment, the solid fuel product in the solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be carried out piece groupization step in treating processes.Piece groupization can also can be carried out after solid fuel is handled, and this will further describe later.This piece groupization step can be before the solid fuel product be left the travelling belt facility or is just carried out when processed on the travelling belt facility at the solid fuel product.In one embodiment, available source of microwave energy is handled described solid fuel product.In treating processes, the solid fuel product can be by piece groupization, thereby forms piece group.
Referring to Figure 46, in one embodiment, (it can comprise solid fuel is dried to a specific moisture level or a scope after with electromagnetic radiation solid fuel being handled in solid fuel treatment facility 132, perhaps can be included in and obtain a temperature levels or scope in the solid fuel), can carry out piece groupization to solid fuel at once.Electromagnetic energy can be RF or microwave energy.For example, the operating frequency of source of microwave energy 4602 can be between the 900-930MHz.Source of microwave energy 4602 can be High Power Microwave System (for example more than the 50kW, more than the 100kW, or the like).Solid fuel can be by piece groupization arbitrarily.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be a coal.For example, solid fuel can be subbituminous coal, mud coal, bituminous coal, hard coal, brown coal, coal dust, metallurgical coal, or the like.In this embodiment, coal dust can be from metallurgical coal carrying out washing treatment, waste coal storage area, or the like.Coal dust can less than 100 meshes, can be in slurry, pug or the thickener form less than 28 meshes, can or retain among district or the like at the coal garbage area.
Can make it possible to carry out piece groupization step by utilizing electromagnetic radiation to handle to remove moisture.If the moisture level in the solid fuel is too high, can not form piece group.But, make it possible to carry out piece groupization by abundant removal moisture (for example utilizing electromagnetic radiation to handle).In one embodiment, when solid fuel has reached specific moisture level and/or temperature, can begin to carry out piece groupization step.For example, source of microwave energy can be transferred to specific power curve and time length, thus make with transmission of facility that this microwave source is associated on just processed solid fuel reach specific moisture level and/or temperature.In case reach specific moisture level and/or temperature, solid fuel can be sent to (or claiming to be routed to) piece groupization facility 4604 with a certain path.In one embodiment, after processing, immediately solid fuel is carried out piece groupization.For example, the moisture content of coal can be processed between 2-9% or less than 12%, or the like.In another example, the moisture content of subbituminous coal can be processed between the 5-7% or less than more than 10% or 2%, or the like.In another example, the moisture content of bituminous coal can be processed into less than 5%, or the like.
Temperature when in one embodiment, solid fuel enters piece groupization facility 4604 can be enhanced.Improve the carrying out that solid-fuelled temperature helps piece groupization with a certain specified temp, this specified temp for example can be: at least 60 Fahrenheit degrees, 60 Fahrenheit degrees between about 400 Fahrenheit degrees or 160 Fahrenheit degrees between about 240 Fahrenheit degrees, at least 150 Fahrenheit degrees, for subbituminous coal at least 150 Fahrenheit degrees, for bituminous coal at least 200 Fahrenheit degrees, or the like.This temperature can be by heating arbitrarily, cool off or the maintenance of temperature maintenance facility.Can keep or regulate this temperature and make it possible to obtain more high-quality piece group.
Steam when in one embodiment, solid fuel enters piece groupization facility or the amount of water vapor can be kept.The amount of keeping this steam or water vapor has the piece of being beneficial to groupization.The amount of this steam or water vapor can be by heating arbitrarily, cool off or the maintenance of temperature maintenance facility.
After having handled solid fuel, can form the piece group that meets certain desired characteristic to its piece groupization of carrying out with electromagnetic energy.For example, the solid fuel of having handled is carried out piece groupization and can improve solid-fuelled strength characteristics.Piece groupization can provide the protection of avoiding the environment invasion and attack.Piece groupization can realize the shape expected.For example, piece groupization can obtain half ball formula shape.In an embodiment, the piece group that piece groupization parameter obtains any yardstick can be set.
In one embodiment, piece group can be formed on: before handling with electromagnetic energy, and before or after pulverizing, before or after adding binder, or the like.
In a scheme of the present invention, can change the size of solid fuel product by pulverizing with disintegrating apparatus or crushing, wherein disintegrating apparatus for example is the disintegrating apparatus of pulverizer, runner milling or certain other types.Solid-fuelled size can changed in comminution plant 4608 before the piece groupization.In one embodiment, can be with its pulverizing before solid fuel is exposed to electromagnetic energy.Comminution plant can be positioned at outside the solid fuel treatment facility, perhaps can be positioned at the solid fuel treatment facility, as shown in figure 46.Pulverized solid fuel can cause thermal anomaly solid fuel seldom before electromagnetic treatment, and owing to improved the temperature of input product thereby improved the efficient that electromagnetic energy is handled, because reduce particle size thereby can improve the efficient of dry drying treatment, or the like.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be pulverized in comminution plant 4608 after handling with electromagnetic energy.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be ground into less than 1/8 inch.
After being to have carried out in the comminution plant 4608 to pulverize, described solid fuel product can be by piece groupization in piece groupization facility 4604, thereby form solid piece group example, wherein said group's facility for example is briquetting press, rolling moment (roll-torque) piece group machine, torsional moment (screw-torque) piece group machine, perhaps the piece groupization machine or the equipment of certain other types.The adjustment of piece groupization facility is selected from one or more following attribute: rolling moment, torsional moment, lift-over power and twisting resistance.In an embodiment, described group can form by exerting pressure.Piece groupization parameter is variable, so that obtain the piece group of desired characteristic.Described solid fuel product can be sent the piece groupization machine of excess pressure briquetting press or certain other types, thereby makes the combination of solid fuel product particle with pressure.The material that is used for piece groupization can be sent into by the artificially or by screening washer or by delivery system or the like and carry out the processing of piece groupization.In an embodiment, driving agitator forever can be with materials conveyance to compressing mechanism with independent control helical screw feeder.Material can be pre-compacted at briquetting press.Can make the main treating processes of piece group afterwards.Can form solid piece group subsequently.
In an embodiment, can be by binder being added formation and the performance that promotes piece group in the solid fuel product, wherein said binder for example is a starch, sugar, close, the soft clay of sugar, wheat starch, W-Gum, the binder of sawdust, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen, PET or certain other types.The interpolation of binder can be carried out before handling with electromagnetic energy, perhaps before changing the solid fuel size, carries out, and perhaps after changing the solid fuel size but before handling, carry out, perhaps after processing but before piece groupization, carry out, or the like.Before handling, binder is added the temperature that can improve coal and binder in the solid fuel.In addition, before handling, binder added to allow in the solid fuel and be in certain temperature and have steam or the solid fuel of the water of steam form and binder enter piece group machine.In one embodiment, the interpolation of binder can be after being handled but was carried out before piece groupization.In one embodiment, the interpolation of binder can be carried out before pulverized solid fuel.Pulverizer can be used to composite solid fuel and binder.Mixing tank (for example clay mill) can be used to binder is sneaked in the solid fuel arbitrarily.Binder can quantitatively be become to keep constant binder per-cent.Binder can be the solid binder.Binder can be pulverized before piece groupization.Binder can be the liquid binder.Binder can sawdust (it can be applied as and account between the 2-4%), gilsonite or pitch earth (it can be applied as and account between the 2-3%), rosin (it can be applied as and account between the 0.25-2%), plastics and/or PET ((it can be applied as and account between the 3-10%), fibrous vegetable material, wheat starch, or the like.Can add coating in piece group protects it to avoid the invasion and attack of outside atmosphere.This coating can apply when the process processing of piece group is also warm.In one embodiment, coating and binder both can be added to described group.
Add extra solid fuel material by this and in the solid fuel material of having handled, can promote piece groupization.In one embodiment, described extra solid fuel material can be any solid fuel, for example mud coal, brown coal, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, hard coal, product, agriculture and forestry product, biological mass-energy fuel based on timber, or the like, they or processed or not processed.For example, subbituminous coal can mix with bituminous coal.This mixing can improve piece group performance, can produce the mixing coal with expected performance or attribute.For example, the bituminous coal between section's use 12.5-50% in this mixture.In another embodiment, subbituminous coal can mix with brown coal.This mixing can improve piece group performance, can produce the mixing coal with expected performance or attribute.A kind of such performance can be the cost that has reduced piece group.For example, can in this mixture, use brown coal between the 12.5-50%.In one embodiment, described extra material is after also processed.
In one embodiment, can roll into a ball at piece and use releasing agent on the mould, break away to help piece groupization piece group afterwards.Releasing agent can be powdered graphite, borax, oil, or the like.
In one embodiment, described group can be provided for some time and be cured.Described group can roll into a ball in the mould at piece and solidify, and perhaps is cured after breaking away from piece group machine.
In an embodiment, the intensity of piece group and and/or water tolerance can after they are by piece groupization, carry out extra processing to it again and improve.In one embodiment, described group restored balance and to improve the intensity and and/or the water tolerance of piece group.In another embodiment, described group can be placed in outdoor environment or certain other environment, and the temperature of wherein said group can reduce, and wherein will protect described group to avoid precipitation and moisture invasion and attack.Making described group return balance can utilize humidity chamber (or claiming humidity cabinet) to realize after piece groupization.In one embodiment, at solid fuel still heat the time carry out piece groupization and can improve intensity and/or the water tolerance that no binder piece is rolled into a ball.Piece groupization can be carried out after passing microwave system immediately.Alternatively, electromagnetic energy can be added to the feed hopper of piece group machine.
In one embodiment, increase intensity and and/or the water tolerance that thermal treatment process can improve piece group in piece groupization back.For example, before piece groupization, steam is injected treatment facility and can improve intensity and and/or the water tolerance that piece is rolled into a ball.Piece group is heat-treated or anneal can improve the intensity and and/or the water tolerance of piece group.Thermal treatment can comprise to be allowed described group reach a certain temperature and remains on this temperature for some time.For example, allow temperature reach 350 Fahrenheit degrees or the higher 10 hours time can anneal.But heat block group simulated annealing environment in baking oven.In one embodiment, thermal treatment can comprise the piece group with heat place sealed vessel 4620 (for example, bucket, Jiao Keng, or the like) in.This environment can be a non-oxygenated environment.This container can be segregate.Before sealing, blanket of nitrogen can be added this container, to avoid burning.Described group can be maintained at these following for some time of condition, for example 10 hours or longer.Under these conditions, self-heating can appear in fluid fuel.Self-heating can be thermopositive reaction, and wherein the carbon monoxide that is discharged by solid fuel has driven and heated treating processes.Allow air discharge this container can to stop autothermal reaction by vacuumizing.Be preferably container increase heat and promote thermal treatment.In an alternate embodiment, by in non-oxidising furnace or microwave the heating described group, perhaps before piece groupization, preheat solid fuel, or the like make it possible to heat-treat.This thermal treatment can improve solid-fuelled water-repellancy and intensity.After thermal treatment, just produced new product.These variations can occur on the rank of carbon lattice, can not limit the character of this product.Solid fuel can form the fusion charcoal (melted char) that has sealed the space in inside.In one embodiment, the coal of subbituminous coal type can become more as bituminous coal.When this transformation can occur in the solid fuel temperature and reached 400 Fahrenheit degrees.Because bituminous coal has been waterproof, thereby this processing is useful for subbituminous coal.
In one embodiment, apply piece group with certain material the protection of avoiding the external environment invasion and attack can be provided.For example, coating can comprise: powder is separated with described group, thereby make coating only be applied only in the described group.This can utilize stage treatment to realize, in this stage treatment, the first step is handled and removed powder, and the second stage is handled and applied coating.Alternatively, can after rolling into a ball machine, piece come separated powder with sieve immediately.In one embodiment, applying described group can realize by impregnation bath (dip bath).In one embodiment, the available splash of coating of piece group realizes.For example, piece group can be transmitted and by high and low's ground splash, thereby realizes covering fully.Can help on the bottom surface, to carry out splash by transmit described group along the mesh belt conveyer.In one embodiment, available pinch roller (pinch roller) applies piece group, thus the coating of being applied with.In one embodiment, coated material can be a foamed, and described group can be transferred through foam to be coated.Under any circumstance, all are not deposited to described coating material in the group with all and all can recycle in follow-up coating processing by what described group absorbed.
In one embodiment, piece group coated material can be a wax.The wax that is applied can be the 0.1%-2% of piece group weight.Heat this wax and can allow wax still less to be applied in, and can improve the splash ability of wax, reduce the viscosity of wax, or the like.In one embodiment, a kind of chemical can be added in the wax, so that reduce the viscosity of wax or reduce cost.
In one embodiment, solid burning block group can form before being exposed to electromagnetic energy.Handle the performance that can improve piece group with electromagnetic energy.Handle the moisture that can reduce in the agglomerate with electromagnetic energy, thereby improve being worth of piece group.In one embodiment, electromagnetic energy can be RF or microwave energy.The operating frequency of microwave energy can be between 900-930MHz, perhaps between 2400 to 2500MHz, or the like.Microwave energy can be the HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES system, for example more than 15kW.In one embodiment, electromagnetic energy directly applies after piece groupization.In another embodiment, in piece groupization with apply can the section of the having time between the electromagnetic energy.
In one embodiment, the solid fuel mixture is exposed to before the electromagnetic energy, a certain material can be added in the solid fuel, thereby cause solid fuel to become piece.This material can be a starch.The starch that adds can be between 0.5-5wt%.Other materials can comprise that wheat starch, W-Gum, starch, sugar, sugar are close, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, PET, guar gum, xylogen, or the like.In one embodiment, this material mixes equably with solid fuel.In one embodiment, electromagnetic energy can be RF or microwave energy.The operating frequency of this microwave energy can be between 900-930MHz, or the like.This microwave energy can be the HIGH-POWERED MICROWAVES system, for example more than 100kW.Solid fuel can be become piece arbitrarily.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be a coal.For example, solid fuel can be subbituminous coal, bituminous coal, mud coal, hard coal, brown coal, coal dust, or the like.
In one embodiment, solid fuel can use binder to use coating to protect each element or integral part again.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be a coal.Coal can be a subbituminous coal.For example, coal can be processed into moisture content between 2-9%.Vegetable material can be a sawdust.Used sawdust can be between the 2-4wt%.Tectum can be a wax.Used wax can be between 0.1-2%.This wax can be wax emulsion, for example, for example is the emulsion that has sawdust.Piece group has can value can be 10,500 to 12, between the 000BTU/lb, or the like.The crushing strength that piece group has can be between 100 to 600lbs.Piece group's yardstick can be by applying binder and coating is changed.
There are a variety of forwarder configurations can be used to solid fuel is carried by solid fuel treatment facility 132.In an embodiment, forwarder can be standard type easily curved travelling belt, sandwich tape, be used for that a group of different heating condition independently is with, slip-stick forwarder, cork screw formula forwarder, air cushion forwarder, coating forwarder, asbestos travelling belt, cooling zone or or the like.Be used in the ability that this class forwarder in the solid fuel treatment facility 132 may require to support hot solids fuel, and microwave transmission, the loss factor during microwave transmission very little (for example, microwave energy absorbed is very little).
In another embodiment, travelling belt 130 can be that disposable material is made, and it can be cheap, and in case used, and travelling belt 130 can be twisted on the spool of processing section end to sweep away.In one embodiment, disposable travelling belt 130 can be used to the primary treatment job run, the processing operation operation of limited number of times, and it can be examined after each processing operation operation, to determine that whether it can be used again, and perhaps uses the other technologies of disposable travelling belt.
In one embodiment, the slip-stick forwarder can comprise supports solid-fuelled solid surface, and the utilization of described slip-stick forwarder is by making whole forwarder surface and advance with level at a slow speed and suddenly returning to make the solid fuel motion.Utilize this motion, the slip-stick forwarder is very little to solid-fuelled impact when making solid fuel move through solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, helical conveyor can comprise that the screw rod of an auger type allows material movement pass through solid fuel treatment facility 132.Along with the rotation of spiral organ, solid fuel can be travelled forward by solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Referring to Fig. 6, will describe easily curved travelling belt 600 now in detail.In one embodiment, general travelling belt 600 requirements that are used for solid fuel treatment facility 132 can have: travelling belt 600 is microwave transmission (for example not absorbing microwave energy), support temperature is at 250 °F-300 °F, extreme temperature is at 400-600 solid fuel, stretch-resistance, the solid-fuelled intensity of wear resistance, support 50lbs/ft3 is driven by pulley system, comprise guardrail with holding solid fuel in the forwarder district, or the like.Stretch-resistance can comprise under the solid-fuelled load up to 50lbs/ft3 and not be stretched, thereby the temperature of band from heat to cold and from the transformation that is as cold as heat the shape of retainer belt, perhaps prevent to stretch on belt wheel or during the motion of strip winding wheel at described travelling belt, or the like.Wear resistance can be required to resist solid-fuelled fortune texture, and it had not only made solid fuel motion but also the wearing and tearing when resisting solid fuel and being seated on the travelling belt 600 in solid fuel treatment facility 132.Travelling belt 600 can have the single-width across described solid fuel treatment facility, can be provided with across a plurality of bands of solid fuel treatment facility 132 width or or the like.Travelling belt 600 can be used to the whole length of solid fuel treatment facility 132, can have a plurality of travelling belts or or the like be used to the length of solid fuel treatment facility 132, a band is that another band transmits charging.In addition, in whole solid fuel treatment facility 132, can use different transfer systems.For example, can control at needs and use the slip-stick system on the ballistic position of solid fuel, and use easily curved travelling belt in other positions.It should be understood that in solid fuel treatment facility 132, can use various conveyer belt system combination, perhaps can use single transfer system.
In one embodiment, travelling belt 600 can be that single belt maybe can be a sandwich tape.In an embodiment, sandwich tape can comprise that solid-fuelled layer was supported in required being used for when tectum 602, refractory layer 604, enhancement Layer 608 and any other were handled solid fuel in solid fuel treatment facility 132.In an embodiment, different layers can be made by differing materials, and these differing materials can be each layer desired characteristic is provided.For example, the top layer of travelling belt 600 may need heat-resisting supporting the solid fuel of heat, and that bottom may need is wear-resisting, to provide good antiwear characteristic during motion around belt wheel and roller and on them at band.
Tectum 602 can be the top layer of travelling belt 600, and can have following characteristic, and for example atresia is heat-resisting, and is wear-resisting, or the like.In one embodiment, non-porous nature can prevent that solid fuel dust from passing travelling belt 600; Solid fuel dust should be included in the top layer of travelling belt, thereby can get rid of as required.In one embodiment, solid fuel by microwave system 148, air heating system, radiation heating system or or the like during heating, refractory layer 604 can be required about 800 °F to support solid fuel.In one embodiment, material for example silicone, Ah method Lars (a kind of viton), high temperature polyamide coating or or the like can be used in the tectum 602.Tectum 602 also can be made by following material, and this material makes it possible to easily repair hole and the depression in the travelling belt 600, its place, and available compatible patching material is repaired burning that solid fuel causes.
Refractory layer 604 is another layer of multilayer travelling belt.In one embodiment, the characteristic of refractory layer 604 makes its thermal insulation layer that becomes enhancement Layer 608, thereby prevents that travelling belt 600 from being burnt.Refractory layer 604 burns the safety that can make high-temperature solid fuel jeopardize enhancement Layer 608, shortens the life-span of travelling belt 600.The material of making refractory layer 604 can be for example glass fibre, silica, pottery or or the like.
Enhancement Layer 608 can be and contacted that one deck of belt drive, thereby must be transferred at it and resist solid-fuelled weight when passing solid fuel treatment facility 132 and not damaged, and can move on the various rollers at travelling belt facility 130 around described drive system bending, while simultaneously, or the like.In one embodiment, enhancement Layer 608 can comprise the material Kevlar, Ge Er material (such as PTFE glass fibre and teflon) or or the like.
Be understandable that, extra belt can be arranged, they or be used for handling relevant independently purpose with the f solid fuel, or use the identical layer of the multilayer of differing materials (for example more than refractory layer 604), so that provide function completely for belt.For example, have a class band to can be used in the section start of solid fuel treatment facility 132, this place has high microwave energy, but solid fuel may not become very hot owing to exist water therein.The section that is used in treating processes end may need more heat-resisting, because along with solid fuel becomes dry, more thermal anomaly solid fuel may occur.In addition, in the section that may exist of solid fuel treatment facility 132, can use the not travelling belt 600 of transmissive microwave without any microwave energy, metal conveyor for example, metalized coated band or or the like.
In one embodiment, can splice travelling belt 600 with the following method, for example seal lap splice method, heat-sealing and flush the splicing that splicing method, crocodile formula splicing method (alligator splice), fiber pin splicing method or other can link together travelling belt 600 each end and can support solid fuel load and treatment temp.In one embodiment, along with travelling belt 600 weares and teares in solid fuel processing (for example burn, deteriorate, stretch, denude) process, can repair this band by splicing at fray, can get rid of eroded area and splicing advance one section new bringing repair this band or or the like.This band is spliced in the time of can be in being in solid fuel treatment facility 132, can be spliced outside solid fuel treatment facility 132, can certain independently the facility place be spliced or or the like.In one embodiment, can splice travelling belt 600 with any intensity of solid fuel treatment facility 132 and splicing of thermotolerance requirement of providing.As discussed previously, the different piece of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be handled solid fuel with different modes (for example microwave energy of different stage), and used splicing method can be selected according to the solid fuel treatment process in the particular solid fuel treatment section on travelling belt 600.For example, may need to support the solid fuel of lesser temps, and in solid fuel treatment facility 132 ends, the possibility that there thermal anomaly solid fuel exists is higher in the used splicing method of solid fuel treatment facility section start.
The material that is used for various belts may need to select from the material group of microwave transmission basically.Especially, covering material may need to prevent dust be captured in the travelling belt, prevent dust pass travelling belt or or the like.
In one embodiment, stupalith can be used as tectum 602, so that provide up to 3000 temperature tolerances.Silicate lining layer can have extra coating (for example Ah method Lars or isoprene-isobutylene rubber), to improve wear resistance and non-invasive surface is provided, avoids the invasion and attack of solid fuel dust so that seal up ceramic surface.
In another embodiment, ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) can be used as the transmission belt or be used as the individual layer travelling belt.EPDM can provide thermotolerance, but also the wear resistance to solid fuel and forwarder belt wheel can be provided.In addition, polyester and/or nylon can together use with the EPDM band, so that extra band strength to be provided.
In one embodiment, another kind of band combination can be polyester and butyl multilayer travelling belt.The polyester that is used for enhancement Layer 608 can be band intensity is provided, and the butyl that is used for tectum 602 can provide thermotolerance and non-invasive surface.
In one embodiment, another sandwich tape combination can be Kevlar and butyl travelling belt.The Kevlar can be band intensity and high thermal resistance is provided, and butyl can provide thermotolerance and non-invasive surface.
In one embodiment, another band combination can be the combination of glass fibre and silicone resin, and silicone resin can be applied on the glass fiber tape or can be layer independently.This layer combination can be used to form thin travelling belt, and this travelling belt provides intensity and about 1600 thermal protection.
In one embodiment, asbestos can be used as one deck in the travelling belt 600, travelling belt 600, as a part that transmits belt, or the like so that provide thermotolerance for band or layer.
In one embodiment, some in tectum 602 materials (for example silicone resin and EPDM) can be to repair with the RTV material, and RTV repairs can provide about 500 thermotolerance.For example, if tectum 602 materials owing to supporting (or claiming to support) the thermal anomaly solid fuel to occur cheating the hole, available RTV material is repaired on the travelling belt 600 partial hole and is fallen into or burn part.In one embodiment, this recovery technique can allow travelling belt to be repaired and travelling belt 600 need not to be removed from solid fuel treatment facility 132.For example, in the section start or the end of treatment facility 132, the travelling belt 600 that has a certain-length can enough RTV materials comes travelling belt 600 is checked and repaired.In another example,, can termly travelling belt 600 be removed from treatment facility 132 in order to overhaul travelling belt 600.In one embodiment, treatment facility 132 can have a plurality of interchangeable travelling belts 600, thereby allows a travelling belt 600 to be carried out reparation, and another travelling belt still is used in the treatment facility 1232.
As showing herein, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can use travelling belt 600 (for example, element 600A, 600B, 600C and 600D, described in conjunction with Fig. 7-10 as this paper) that solid fuel is carried by band facility 130.Treatment step in the band facility 130 can comprise RF microwave heating, washing, gasification, burn, steams, regains, or the like.These solid fuel treatment steps can be performed when solid fuel is on the travelling belt 600.Treatment step can be exposed to travelling belt 600 under the condition of for example emission of RF microwave, high temperature, wearing and tearing or the like, and may have to bear these conditions under the operating time scope that prolongs.Travelling belt 600 can be successive flexible structure, the folded structure of hinge type or other conveyor structures, and needs to carry out unique design in each embodiment so that hold out against the envrionment conditions of band facility 130.This travelling belt possibility demand side is to for example envrionment conditions of the emission of RF microwave, high temperature, wearing and tearing or the like and so on.Under the situation of the folded structure of hinge type, some problems relevant with hinge arrangement may appear in envrionment conditions, and for example material fills up and can fill up hinge space, microwave absorbing or the like.By suitably selecting to be used for the material and the structure of travelling belt 600, these situations can be minimized the influence of travelling belt 600.
The envrionment conditions of band facility 130 can require travelling belt 600 to be associated with following a plurality of characteristics, for example, low microwave loss, high structural integrity, high strength, wear resistance, lasting high thermal resistance, the local high thermal resistance that improves, heat-insulated character, anti-burning property, high-melting-point, nonporosity, heat-resisting dissipativeness for particle and moisture, can conveyance fluid, or the like.
Travelling belt 600 can be required to have low lossy microwave.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can come heat solid fuel with microwave.Travelling belt 600 can absorb microwave energy and heating.Do not have low lossy microwave if constitute the material of travelling belt 600, but travelling belt 600 is along with constantly using heating and damage.The microwave system 148 available RF microwave frequencies of band facility 130 can be at 600MHz in the scope of 1GHz, and the available RF frequency that allows forwarder have low microwave loss.Some operational condition of band facility 130 can cause travelling belt 600 microwave energy absorbed to become big.For example, when solid fuel is exsiccant, perhaps when the solid fuel amount on the travelling belt 600 reduces, have only material require seldom to absorb microwave energy.Therefore, travelling belt 600 may absorb more microwave energy.
The continuous high temperature that the service temperature of band facility 130 of can being required travelling belt 600 to bear causes.These lasting temperature can reach 150 °F, 200 °F, 250 °F or the like.Travelling belt 600 may bear these high temperature on the operating time scope that prolongs.In addition, travelling belt 600 can be required to bear localized hyperthermia, and this localized hyperthermia has exceeded band facility 130 ongoing operation temperature.These localized hyperthermias may be because each monolithic solid fuel changes to 500 °F, and 600 °F, 700 equitemperatures cause.These hot localised points may be burnt travelling belt 600, and this may cause solid fuel treatment facility 132 operation disruption.
Travelling belt 600 may need to bear the lasting wearing and tearing from the solid fuel treating processes.For example, solid fuel may drop on the travelling belt 600 from one foot, two feet, three feet equal altitudes.Another example may be at solid fuel solid fuel friction transmission belt 600 during from travelling belt 600 landings.Travelling belt 600 may bear on the time range that prolongs and continue wearing and tearing.
It is to atresias or impervious such as particulate, moistures that travelling belt 600 may need.If the solid fuel particulate falls at some places and passed travelling belt 600, these particulates may make the performance degradation of travelling belt 600.For example, pass the mechanical part that travelling belt 600 enters into band system 130 if solid fuel constantly falls at some places, the mechanical part with system 130 may block or block so, and this may cause solid fuel treatment facility 132 operation disruption.In addition, absorb the amount that moisture in the travelling belt 600 can increase travelling belt 600 microwave energy absorbed.The absorption of microwave energy may cause travelling belt 600 heating, thereby may shorten the life-span of travelling belt 600.
In order to satisfy the required requirement of envrionment conditions of band facility 130, the configuration of travelling belt 600 can be adopted multiple material.In an embodiment, for allow travelling belt 600 can bear the band facility 130 envrionment conditions, used material can be bulk form, form of mixtures, the synthetics form, the layer form, form of foam, coating form, as additive or with any other array mode known in the art.Material can comprise illiterate person base rubber, Woven polyester, aluminum oxide, polyester, glass fibre, Kevlar, Nomex (Nomex nylon), silicone resin, Polyurethanes, multiply material, pottery, high temperature plastics, they combination, or the like.In an embodiment, travelling belt 600 is configured the form of stratification, for example top layer, structural sheet, middle layer, strand layer, braid, carpet veneer, bottom, heat resistant layer, low microwave depletion layer, non-porous layer or similar layer.In a further embodiment, this layer is removable, to be convenient for changing, to repair, to replenish etc.
In an embodiment, travelling belt 600A can bear for example envrionment conditions of the band facility 130 of the multi-layer configuration shown in Fig. 7.In this embodiment, lower floor is a structural sheet 710, and it is made by substrate material 702, the structure rope 704 of this substrate material utilization thigh formula structure and being reinforced.This structural sheet 710 can satisfy requirements such as for example high structural integrity, high strength.Can be combined and be used for the example of combination of materials of manufacturing structure layer 710 can be illiterate person's base rubber matrix 702, and has Woven polyester as structure rope 704.The other materials that can be used as matrix 702 materials can be polymkeric substance of natural rubber, synthetic rubber, hydrocarbon polymer or the like.The other materials that can be used as structure rope 704 can be Kevlar, Nomex (Nomex nylon), metal, plastics, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, nylon, or the like.In this embodiment, the upper strata is to bear the very tectum 708 of high-temperature.Tectum 708 also can have heat insulation attribute, so that the solid fuel and the lower floor of heat kept apart.Tectum 708 be may not request the intensity attribute, but may require wear-resisting attribute, require to have low microwave dissipation factor, require to have the hot attribute that prevents hot runway or or the like.The various examples of upper caldding layer 708 can be glass fibre, low-loss pottery for example aluminum oxide, optical fiber, corundum, organic fibre, carbon fiber, matrix material or or the like.In an embodiment, tectum 708 can be implemented as tight assembling-disassembling or be the foamy form.Another example of tectum 708 materials can be a silicone resin.Silicone resin can be handled high temperature, but may be not wear-resisting.In this embodiment, can add a coating on silicone resin top, Polyurethanes or add additive in the silicone resin for example is so that improve wear resistance.
In an embodiment, tectum 708 can be designed to be dissolved in removal, and this makes tectum 708 can be replaced, repair or replenishes etc.In this embodiment, the requirement of wear resistance and nonporosity aspect can be relaxed.In one embodiment, can roller system form apply tectum 708, this roller system form is the side of feeding roller in travelling belt 600 systems, and pull roll is at outlet side.
In an embodiment, travelling belt 600B (as shown in Figure 8) can bear the envrionment conditions of band facility 130 under the situation that does not have tectum 708.This can realize in the following way, the high-temperature material composition is introduced in matrix 702 materials high ambient conditions that it will make matrix 702 materials (for example illiterate person's base rubber) more can resist band facility 130 that is:.In an embodiment, by inserting the middle layer 902 of heat-stable material, structural sheet 710 can prevent that high-temperature solid fuel from burning travelling belt 300C, as shown in Figure 9.An example in this middle layer 902 can be Kevlar, Nomex (Nomex nylon), metal, pottery, glass fibre or or the like.In this configuration, the top of structural sheet 710 may be melted, but travelling belt 600C still can use, until the top of structural sheet 710 is repaired.
In an embodiment, travelling belt 600D can bear the envrionment conditions of the band facility 130 that has multi-layer configuration shown in Figure 10, and the combination in its middle level is previous described identical with this paper.These extra layers can increase the intensity of travelling belt 600D, and have further reduced the possibility that high-temperature solid fuel burns band.One top tectum 708 can be arranged, and it can be heat-stable, wear-resistant, removable, or the like.The structural sheet 710A that has middle layer 902 also can be arranged.This composite bed be illustrated as with in interlayer, but also can be top layer, interlayer, bottom in certain embodiments, or the like.One structural sheet 710B can be arranged.Structural sheet 710B is illustrated as bottom, but also can be interlayer or top layer in certain embodiments.Other are not limited in combination shown in Figure 10 by the embodiment multilayer that multilayer constitutes.For example, a certain embodiment can wherein not have middle layer 902 by constituting with lower floor in structural sheet 710A, perhaps has the layer of different quantities in composite bed, and perhaps composite bed is made by a plurality of sublayers, or the like.Though Figure 10 shows the structure that has multilayer and composite bed, other multilayered structures will become for any technician in this area obviously, and should be merged among the present invention.
Referring to Figure 11, show module type interconnection with an embodiment of 1102.In one embodiment, interconnection is with 1102 can allow providing cooling during the treating processes below solid fuel; This has been avoided the solid-fuelled development of thermal anomaly.
In Figure 12-13, in one embodiment, show the air cushion forwarder.This air cushion forwarder can be the transfer system that solid fuel is suspended with air 1202 of any kind.In an embodiment, air 1202 can directly suspend solid fuel get up, perhaps solid fuel can be supported by air cushion 1202 be with 1302 suspend or or the like.Except supporting solid fuel during handling, air cushion 1202 can provide cooling to travelling belt 1302 and solid fuel, and this cooling can be integrated in the solid fuel cooling system, to avoid the development of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, the interconnection of Figure 11 can be with 1102 to combine with air cushion 1202 systems.
Referring to Figure 14 A and 14B, it is the embodiment that uses dissimilar travelling belts 1402,1404 at the different positions place of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Shown in Figure 14 A, can use at solid fuel treatment facility 132 places one type be with 1402, between solid fuel treatment facility 132, use the travelling belt 1404 of other types.Travelling belt 1404 between the solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be conveying belt, cooling distance 520 or or the like.In one embodiment, can have one to be arranged on picking up between the solid fuel treatment facility 132/put robot 512 at forwarder 1404 places.As shown in the figure, be with 1402,1404,1408 can use the roller of different size that the discrepancy in elevation between the solid fuel treatment facility 132 is provided, the cooling of improvement be provided, provide the band of improvement hold power or or the like.
Referring to Figure 15 and Figure 16, in one embodiment, can improve the thermotolerance of travelling belt by following measure, that is: provide conveyor belt rollers 1502 (it provides for example cooled roller of heat sink), provide major diameter roller 1602 with increase surface area, provide the material that brings thermal conductivity or or the like.Be understandable that, according to travelling belt and solid-fuelled cooling require different, these method of cooling can independently be used or can combinedly be used, to provide the specific sections of travelling belt required heat extraction.In one embodiment, these heat sink rollers 1502 can be driving pulleys, in solid fuel treatment facility 132, support travelling belt support rollers or or the like.
In one embodiment, cooled roller 1502 can have refrigerant 1504 for example flowing fluid or gas in roller 1502, and is colder than travelling belt with maintenance roller 1502, thereby as heat sink.Roller or belt wheel can comprise double-walled or other can allow liquid or gas stream influent stream go out the hollow design of roller 1502, thinks that roller 1502 or belt wheel to provide heat exchange and cooling.In one embodiment, liquid can be water, water base cooling fluid, oil base cooling fluid, deicing fluid or or the like.In one embodiment, gas can be air, gas (for example nitrogen), rare gas element (for example argon) or or the like.For example, water coolant can flow through this roller, thereby makes this roller colder than band.In another example, thus roller can allow cooling air or gas for example argon flow through and wherein cool off this roller.
In one embodiment, liquid or the gas that flows through roller 1502 also can be used as the part that the thermal anomaly solid fuel extinguishes facility.For example, water can flow through roller 1502, and is as discussed previously then so that cooling to be provided, and these water can be used as watering or current, to extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel or to prevent the development of thermal anomaly solid fuel.
In one embodiment, major diameter roller 1602 can be utilized for travelling belt 130 big contact surface area is provided, thereby cooling is provided when travelling belt 130 contacts with roller fortunately.Major diameter roller 1602 also can have and travelling belt 130 discontiguous big surface areas, this noncontact of roller partly can be roller 1602 provide with carry out the refrigerative time after roller 1602 contacts.In one embodiment, can on travelling belt 130, use a plurality of high surface area rollers 1602, think that travelling belt 130 provides support and cools off.
In one embodiment, the heat conduction roller can for example copper, steel, aluminium etc. be made by the material that heat conductance is provided.The solid fuel that the heat conduction roller can be travelling belt 130 and heat provides heat sink.In one embodiment, the heat conduction roller also can have big contact area, so that help to get rid of heat from travelling belt 130.In one embodiment, the heat conduction roller may not be a microwave transmission, thereby the outside that can be used in the microwave treatment sections is for example as conveyor rollers/belt wheel driving mechanism.
In one embodiment, the shape of belt wheel and superficial makings characteristic can influence the life-span of travelling belt 130.For example, belt wheel can be designed to have major diameter, and it can reduce the friction between belt wheel and the travelling belt 130.Reduce friction since reduced with on the wearing and tearing life-span that can improve travelling belt 130, can allow to use more cheap carrying material with low wear resistance, thus can reduce weight load stress on the belt wheel improve belt wheel life-span or or the like.In one embodiment, can there be certain relation at belt wheel radius and travelling belt between 130 life-spans.
In another belt wheel embodiment, the belt wheel drive surfaces can apply the material that promising travelling belt 130 provides the power of additionally holding.The extra power of holding can reduce the slippage between belt wheel and the travelling belt 130, can cause the abrasion loss of travelling belt 130 to reduce.When the belt wheel with long radius uses, on travelling belt 130, reduce wear owing to reduced on tape the life-span that wearing and tearing can improve travelling belt 130, can allow to use wear resistance lower more cheap carrying material or or the like.In one embodiment, belt wheel can be coated with cohesive material, and this cohesive material can provide the good power of holding on travelling belt 130, can not increase the wearing and tearing of travelling belt 130 simultaneously when travelling belt 130 moves around belt wheel or on belt wheel.For example, belt wheel can be coated with EPDM rubber, and it can provide good thermotolerance and good wear resistance.
In an embodiment, can adopt other to prevent the method that high-temperature solid fuel burns.An example of alternative method can be to utilize thermal imaging system to come the position imaging of solid fuel high temperature block.After having determined solid fuel high temperature block position, cooling is sprayed can be used to reduce its temperature, and perhaps available sweeper was not got rid of these blocks before these blocks cause damage to travelling belt 600 as yet.Another example of alternative method can be a dielectricity of measuring all blocks when the solid fuel block enters band system 130, and if determined that they are pyritous words, just get rid of them.Another example of alternative method can be to be associated with conveying solid substance fuel on the travelling belt 600 of fluidized-bed in its structure, the temperature of all blocks is equated, thereby eliminate isolated solid fuel high temperature block from travelling belt 600.
As shown in Figure 3, in the distribution of advancing by the solid fuel 302 on the travelling belt 130 of solid fuel treatment facility 132, solid fuel may not comprise the homogeneity combination of material.Solid fuel is in the solid fuel of different batches even can comprise ash content, sulphur, the moisture of different weight percentage in same batch solid fuel, metal, or the like.In addition, along with solid fuel is processed, each the material per-cent in the whole solid fuel can change.For example, during handling, owing to from solid fuel, removed moisture and sulphur, thereby surplus material shared per-cent in remaining solid fuel will become big.Along with the solid fuel composition changes in treating processes, solid fuel can present differential responses to the microwave energy that microwave system provides.
In addition, as shown in the figure, solid fuel 302 can be distributed on the travelling belt 130 not according to uniform-dimension.When handling the acquisition solid fuel from original solid fuel, solid fuel can be processed into different sizes.Different size may be that different kind of material causes in the solid fuel.In one embodiment, solid-fuelled various size and various composition can provide uneven heating at solid fuel when travelling belt 304 moves in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.Less solid fuel block can be handled between relatively large body fully, thereby may become hotter in solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, the uniform distribution of solid fuel size can be obtained by the size exclusion technology.For example, before solid fuel being placed on the band facility 130, the size exclusion screening washer of available screening and letter sorting facility is divided into different size with the solid fuel that loads.Then, sieving before good solid fuel is placed on the band facility 130, can mix again by the solid fuel that screening is good, to obtain the uniform distribution of solid fuel size.
The solid fuel material can be regarded as having the dielectric materials of the dielectric constant associated that is associated.The high dielectric constant material can have bigger microwave energy absorption, thereby therefore can absorb the microwave energy heating during solid fuel is handled.Be understandable that solid fuel can not have consistent specific inductivity in whole solid fuel, specific inductivity can change because of material concentrations different in the solid fuel.For example, water can have a certain specific inductivity, and sulphur can have another specific inductivity.The combination of differing dielectric constant can make solid fuel have an overall specific inductivity in the solid fuel.In addition, because material is removed, solid-fuelled overall specific inductivity can change during handling.For example, owing to removed the water of high-k from solid fuel, solid-fuelled overall specific inductivity can change.In one embodiment, the solid fuel that has low moisture content is to microwave energy transmission relatively.
Be understandable that specific inductivity can be expressed as ε ' and add ε ", electromagnetic compression when wherein ε ' expression hertzian wave moves between the differing materials interface, ε " loss of expression hertzian wave in material.ε " can be the loss factor δ of material with the ratio of ε '.
Fig. 4 shows a sets of curves, and they show two kinds of dissimilar solid fuels reactions during handling.If in system 414, drawn tangent line loss 402, can find out that so solid fuel (for example carbon) reaction in time with low absorption 412 can have lower tangent line loss 402, thereby temperature can not continue to increase in time by the time.On the contrary, the solid fuel that comprises the material that has higher microwave absorbing material 410 (for example ferriferous oxide), tangent line is lost in solid fuel can be increased by processed 412 time durations, thereby so solid fuel sustainable absorption microwave energy during cycle of treatment continue heating.
When solid fuel is processed, thereby the material of high dielectric constant can absorb the microwave energy heating.For example, when the water in the solid fuel had absorbed microwave energy 408, its meeting heating also became steam, and steam is overflowed from solid fuel, causes solid fuel to become dry during solid fuel is handled.In addition, the water in the solid fuel can absorb the heat 108 from other materials in the solid fuel during handling, and these other materials can still can't be transformed into the materials behavior that allows these materials to get rid of by the microwave energy heating from solid fuel.For example, when the different metal in the solid fuel was heated by microwave energy, the water in the solid fuel can absorb heat 408 from metal.In one embodiment, if solid-fuelled processing is proceeded after thermal absorption material (for example water) is overflowed from solid fuel, other materials can continue heating in solid fuel so.In one embodiment, if the thermal absorption material 410 in the solid fuel has sufficiently high concentration, solid fuel can exceed solid-fuelled expectation controlled temperature heating partly (600 to 1500).In one embodiment, in the solid fuel partly the position of heating may in solid fuel, cause the burning of not expecting, this burning can be the low level burning that only causes smoldering, and perhaps can be the high-level burning that produces flame.The incendiary solid fuel can be called as the thermal anomaly solid fuel during solid fuel is handled.
In an embodiment, the material in the solid fuel is ferric oxide (rhombohedral iron ore) 410 energy-absorbings for example, thereby can provide local heating position and burning in the solid fuel during solid fuel is handled.Ferric oxide can with other materials for example sulphur mix or can be self-contained in solid fuel.In one embodiment, any material with high-k is an energy absorption, and the local heating position in the solid fuel during the processing can be provided.
In described solid fuel treatment facility, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can have many negative issues for solid-fuelled successfully the processing, for example burn travelling belt 130, cause other very close non-thermal anomaly solid fuel ignitions that is associated, solid-fuelled certain position burning after causing finishing dealing with or or the like.
The thermal anomaly solid fuel can burn hole in travelling belt 130, these holes in the travelling belt may disturb solid-fuelled processing owing to microwave energy being focused on local hole, may weaken travelling belt 130, solid fuel is concentrated in the hole, perhaps or the like.In one embodiment, travelling belt 130 may not be microwave transmission fully, and this band may be made by some different layers, and different layers has different specific inductivity.When one deck is impaired when being burnt hole by the thermal anomaly solid fuel, following one deck may absorb microwave energy more, and microwave energy may be concentrated on the hole location of travelling belt, thereby may disturb the uniformly distributing (or claiming to distribute) that can be used to handle solid-fuelled microwave energy.
Now referring to Fig. 5, can there be different strategies to be used for detecting thermal anomaly solid fuel or potential thermal anomaly solid fuel, for example before entering the microwave energy section of described solid fuel treatment facility, detect 502 potential thermal anomaly solid fuels in advance, when the solid fuel heating, detect the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the microwave energy section, be provided at that the microwave energy that does not produce hot localised points during the processing in solid fuel is used or or the like.
Detect 502 method in advance and can comprise that pre-microwave station is to preheat solid fuel, thereby identification thermal anomaly solid fuel, use magnet to remove the solid fuel that contains various concentration ferric oxide, adopt metal locator to discern and remove the solid fuel that contains various concentration metals, adopt mass spectrum to discern and remove the solid fuel that contains the material that may cause heat loss, ferric oxide in the magnetization solid fuel also adopts magnetic to detect and discerns and remove this solid fuel, adopt MRI (nuclear magnetic resonance) to detect the material that may cause heat loss, thereby the transmission solid fuel is by coil winding and measure the solid fuel that the electric current detection contains ferric oxide, and perhaps other discern the method that can cause the material of heat loss in the described solid fuel treatment facility.
Removing the solid-fuelled method of thermal anomaly can comprise and be used for detecting and removing the solid-fuelled thermal imaging system 508 of thermal anomaly in the microwave treatment district, infrared (IR) thermal anomaly solid fuel detects 510 and remove, after detecting, remove thermal anomaly solid fuel 512 with robot, water or other spray liquid thermal anomaly solid fuels after detecting, adopt fire-protection system 504 (water for example, nitrogen is removed air, rare gas element) or or the like.
The method that microwave energy is used can be a pulse microwave, and public cooling stations between microwave station reduces microwave power when detecting the thermal anomaly solid fuel, or the like.
Now describe the thermal anomaly solid fuel in more detail and detect 502 method in advance.In one embodiment, may be exposed to the microwave energy part at solid fuel may be provided with the pre-treatment microwave station and discern potential thermal anomaly solid fuel.At these preliminary examination survey station 502 places, solid fuel can be exposed to the high-energy microwave that is used alone or in combination, the long-time microwave that continues, different microwave frequency, or the like with heat solid fuel, thereby allow potential thermal anomaly solid fuel in the identification solid fuel.Just before entering described solid fuel treatment facility, this Microwave Pretreatment can in an independent facility, come the source position to carry out at solid fuel in microwave facilities, or or the like.This Microwave Pretreatment can comprise to solid fuel and apply microwave energy and adopt hot detection method that for example thermal imaging system 508, IR detect 510 or or the like discern the solid fuel hotter than normal solid fuel, it may be a potential thermal anomaly solid fuel.In case Microwave Pretreatment identifies potential thermal anomaly solid fuel, can remove this potential thermal anomaly solid fuel by picking up/put robot 508, this potential thermal anomaly solid fuel can migrate out from travelling belt 130, perhaps adopts may to select and remove the solid-fuelled any method of removing of indivedual or a series of potential thermal anomalies and migrate out.In one embodiment, a complete detection and removal system can be set, this system can comprise microwave energy system, and recognition system (thermal imaging system for example, IR) and remove method.In case identification and remove potential thermal anomaly solid fuel can abandon the thermal anomaly solid fuel, is restored to not and receives the solid fuel source of handling, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment, or or the like.
In pre-definite 502 the embodiment of another kind, it can be a magnet that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance, is used to remove the solid fuel that contains various concentration ferric oxide, and ferric oxide can be to show that solid fuel is the solid-fuelled indication of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, magnet can be the combination of permanent magnet, electromagnet, permanent magnet and electromagnet, or or the like.The magnet pre-treatment can a certain facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, in an independent facility, or come the source position to carry out at solid fuel, or the like.In this embodiment, if solid fuel can be picked by magnet in the time of can containing the ferric oxide of various concentration through magnet and solid dye.When solid fuel process magnet, the solid fuel that contains various concentration ferric oxide can be drawn onto on the magnet and from non-oxide iron solid fuel to be removed.In one embodiment, as the part of batch processing method, solid fuel can move through storage hopper simultaneously through the magnet on the travelling belt 130, or the like.At determining among another embodiment of 502 in advance of adopting magnet, pick with attempt and to concentrate the solid fuel that ferric oxide is arranged different is, fall from an edge at solid dye, solid fuel is being applied magnet when from storage hopper, coming out.When solid fuel when the edge falls, magnet can be used to have the solid fuel of ferric oxide to transfer to independent travelling belt, position or collector or the like with concentrating.No matter adopt which embodiment,, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be abandoned, be restored to the solid fuel source of not accepting to handle, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment in case potential thermal anomaly solid fuel is identified and removes, or the like.
In another pre-embodiment of definite 502, it can be to be used to detect the solid-fuelled metal locator that contains various concentration metals that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance; The metal of certain concentration can be the solid-fuelled source of thermal anomaly., the metal locator pre-treatment can a facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, in independent facility, carry out in position, solid fuel source, or the like.In this embodiment, solid fuel passes through metal locator, and can be identified as the solid fuel metal of the metal that contains various concentration.In case identifying, metal locator concentrates the solid fuel that metal is arranged, can remove potential thermal anomaly solid fuel by picking up/put robot 512, can adopt and to select and to remove single or one group of solid-fuelled any removal method of potential thermal anomaly shifts out from other solid fuels with potential thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, as the part of batch processing method, solid fuel can move through storage hopper simultaneously through the metal locator on the travelling belt, or the like.
In another embodiment, metal detection can be undertaken by a series of step.For example, solid fuel can be placed on through on the travelling belt 130 of metal locator.Determine to have the solid fuel of concentrating metals when metal locator, the solid fuel in the surveyed area can be transferred to second travelling belt from travelling belt 130.On this second travelling belt, be provided with second metal locator and detect the concentrated solid fuel that metal is arranged.Solid fuel in this zone of being detected by metal locator can be transferred on the 3rd travelling belt once more to carry out solid-fuelled further refinement.But can proceed this selection refinement has the solid fuel of metal to remove from non-metal solid fuel until the concentrated of receiving amount.In refining step,, non-metal solid fuel can be restored in the solid fuel that to handle by described solid fuel treatment facility owing to determined that solid fuel does not contain the metal of various concentration.
Adopt any among these metal detection embodiment, in case potential thermal anomaly solid fuel is identified and remove, and then the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be abandoned, and is restored to the solid fuel source of not accepting to handle, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment, or the like.
In another pre-embodiment of definite 502, the thermal anomaly solid fuel determines in advance and can be undertaken by mass spectrum that this mass spectrum can be used to detect the solid fuel that may contain the various concentration material relevant with the thermal anomaly solid fuel.The mass spectrum pre-treatment can certain facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, in an independent facility, or come the source position to carry out at solid fuel, or the like.In this embodiment, can select sample to be used for mass spectroscopy.In another embodiment, mass spectrometric detection can merge use to provide solid-fuelled final analysis with other detection methods.For example, mass spectrum can merge use with metal detection embodiment, in case the solid-fuelled sample of separation place wherein then can adopt mass spectrum that solid fuel is detected.In case potential thermal anomaly solid fuel is identified and remove, and then the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be abandoned, and is restored to the solid fuel source of not accepting to handle, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment, or the like.In one embodiment, mass spectrum can be used to detect ferric oxide and can be used to find out the other materials that may show that iron protoxide exists.
Determine in advance that at another magnet can be used to magnetize the ferric oxide in the solid dye feed among 502 embodiment, this magnetized solid fuel can be detected by magnetometer then.The magnetometer pre-treatment can the facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, at an independent facility place, or carry out in position, solid fuel source, or the like.In one embodiment, solid fuel can be through magnet to magnetize the ferric oxide that may be present in the solid fuel.In one embodiment, magnet can be permanent magnet or electromagnet.In case solid fuel is magnetized, then magnetometer can have the solid fuel of predeterminated level magnetic by solid fuel with detection.In case magnetometer has identified the magnetization solid fuel, then pick up/put robot 512 and can remove potential thermal anomaly solid fuel, this potential thermal anomaly solid fuel can move away from other solid fuel, or adopts any other anyly can select and remove the solid-fuelled method of removing of potential thermal anomaly single or in groups and carry out.In case potential thermal anomaly solid fuel is identified and remove, and then the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be abandoned, and is restored to the solid fuel source of not accepting to handle, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment, or the like.
Determine in advance that at another among 502 embodiment, nuclear magnetic resonance (MRI) device can be used to determine the internal structure of solid fuel feed.The MRI pre-treatment can a facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, at an independent facility place, or carry out in position, solid fuel source, or the like.In one embodiment, the MRI device can pass through solid fuel, can be at the inner material of determining various concentration of solid fuel.In case the MRI device has identified interested solid fuel structure, pick up/put robot 512 and can remove potential thermal anomaly solid fuel, potential thermal anomaly solid fuel can migrate out from other solid fuels, perhaps can adopt anyly can select and remove one or the solid-fuelled branch of potential thermal anomaly in groups and the method for removing are carried out.In case potential thermal anomaly solid fuel then can be abandoned the thermal anomaly solid fuel by identified and remove, and is restored to the solid fuel source of not accepting to handle, be applied to and will receive among the solid fuel stock of non-microwave treatment, or the like.
Determine in advance that at another it can be rheometer that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is determined in advance among 502 embodiment, when solid fuel passed coil winding, it can be used to detect the concentrated solid fuel that ferric oxide is arranged.Concentrating has the solid fuel of ferric oxide to pass coil winding, and ferric oxide can cause the electric current in the winding, and this electric current can be detected by rheometer.The rheometer pre-treatment can the facility before entering solid fuel treatment facility 132 in, at an independent facility place, or carry out in the position, source, or the like.In this embodiment, solid fuel can pass coil winding, can identify the solid fuel that causes the electric current in the winding.In case having identified, rheometer concentrates the solid fuel that metal is arranged, can remove potential thermal anomaly solid fuel by picking up/put robot 512, potential thermal anomaly solid fuel can move away from other solid fuels, perhaps can adopt and can pick and remove the solid-fuelled any method of removing of potential thermal anomaly single or in groups.In one embodiment, as the part of batch processing method, solid fuel can move through storage hopper simultaneously through the coil winding on the travelling belt 130, or the like.
In another embodiment, can carry out rheometer by a series of detection step detects.For example, solid fuel can be placed on through on the travelling belt 130 of coil winding.When rheometer determine to exist concentrates when the solid fuel of ferric oxide is arranged, the solid fuel in the surveyed area can be transferred to second travelling belt from travelling belt 130.On second travelling belt, second coil winding can be set detect the concentrated solid fuel that ferric oxide is arranged once more.Solid fuel in the rheometer surveyed area can be transferred to the 3rd travelling belt again with further refinement solid fuel.This selection is refined and can be continued, but up to the concentrated solid fuel that ferric oxide is arranged of from solid fuel, removing receiving amount.In this refining step, when solid fuel was confirmed as not containing the ferric oxide of various concentration, non-metal solid fuel can be restored in the solid fuel that will be handled by described solid fuel treatment facility.
Except to the solid-fuelled pre-detection 502 of thermal anomaly, perhaps be different from the solid-fuelled pre-detection 502 of thermal anomaly, can in solid fuel treatment facility 132, detect the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In a plurality of embodiment, in case be detected, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be removed from treatment facility, perhaps also can make its disappearance and continuation to its processing in treatment facility.
In treatment facility, can adopt thermal imaging system facility 508 to detect the thermal anomaly solid fuel, this thermal imaging system facility 508 may be able to be discerned the focus in the described solid fuel treatment facility; These focuses may be to have the solid-fuelled sign of thermal anomaly in the processed solid fuel.In one embodiment, thermal imaging system facility 508 may be able to provide and comprise thermograde information in interior image, data or the like, and for a certain ken, thermograde can be interpreted into actual temperature or relative temperature.For example, when solid fuel moves when processed along travelling belt 130, the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the solid fuel may be expanded.In solids treatment facility 132, can place at least one thermal imaging system facility 508 and scan the zone that solid fuel is handled by microwave system 148.In one embodiment, thermal imaging system facility 508 can comprise more than one thermal imaging system 508 to provide the solid-fuelled three-dimensional localization identification of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, software application can be arranged, hardware adaptations, firmware application or the like, it can discern the interior hotspot location of thermal imagery that thermal imaging system facility 508 provides; This application can be to providing hot spot coordinates to the device that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is taken action.
In a similar mode, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be by 514 identifications of infrared (IR) checkout facility.IR checkout facility 514 may be able to be determined the focus of solid fuel inside processed in described solid fuel treatment facility.In one embodiment, IR checkout facility 514 may be able to provide and comprise thermograde information in interior image, data or the like, and for a ken, thermograde can be interpreted into actual temperature or relative temperature.For example, when solid fuel moved forward on travelling belt 130 and be processed, the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the solid fuel may be expanded.Can in solid fuel treatment facility 132, place at least one IR checkout facility 514, scan the zone that solid fuel is handled by microwave system.In one embodiment, IR checkout facility 514 can comprise the IR proofing unit more than, to provide the solid-fuelled three-dimensional localization identification of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, software application can be arranged, hardware adaptations, firmware application or the like, it may be able to discern the interior focus of IR image that IR checkout facility 514 provides; This application possibility can be to providing coordinate to the device that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is taken measures.
In one embodiment, checkout facility 510 by perception cigarette, heat or or the like, can be used to detect the focus in the described solid fuel treatment facility.In one embodiment, hot checkout facility 510 can provide the data that thermograde information can be provided; For a certain zone of described solid fuel treatment facility, thermograde can be interpreted into actual temperature or relative temperature.For example, when solid fuel moved forward on travelling belt 130 and be processed, the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the solid fuel may be expanded.Can in solid fuel treatment facility 132, place at least one hot checkout facility 510 and detect the zone that solid fuel is handled by microwave system 148.In one embodiment, hot checkout facility 510 can comprise more than one heat detecting device 510 to provide the solid-fuelled three-dimensional localization identification of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, software application can be arranged, hardware adaptations, firmware application or the like, it may can discern focus from the information that thermo detector provides; This application possibility can be to providing coordinate to other devices that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is taken measures.
In one embodiment, checkout facility 510 can be used to detect the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the described solid fuel treatment facility.In one embodiment, cigarette checkout facility 510 may be able to provide and can show and have the solid-fuelled data of thermal anomaly in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.For example, when moving forward on travelling belt 130 when solid fuel and when processed, the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the solid fuel may be expanded; The thermal anomaly solid fuel can be emitted cigarette, and cigarette can be detected by thermal anomaly solid fuel checkout facility 510.Can in solid fuel treatment facility 132, place the zone that at least one cigarette checkout facility 510 comes the sensing solid fuel to be handled by microwave system 148.In one embodiment, thermal anomaly solid fuel checkout facility 510 can comprise more than one smoke detecting apparatus to provide the solid-fuelled three-dimensional localization identification of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, in one embodiment, software application can be arranged, hardware adaptations, firmware application or the like, it may can discern focus from the information that smoke detector provides; This application possibility can be to providing coordinate to other devices that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is taken measures.
In a plurality of embodiment, can there be many different methods that potential thermal anomaly solid fuel or actual thermal anomaly solid fuel are taken measures, for example employing is picked up/is put robot 512 and removes the thermal anomaly solid fuel, spraying liquid on the thermal anomaly solid fuel, adopt inhibition system 504 to extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel, reduce microwave power stopping the solid-fuelled increase of thermal anomaly, or the like.
Pick up/put robot 512 and can receive thermal anomaly solid fuel positional information from any thermal anomaly solid fuel identification facility, thereby allow robot 512 location thermal anomaly solid fuel or potential thermal anomaly solid fuels, and handle 132 from the solid fuel reception and remove the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, in case the thermal anomaly solid fuel is picked up, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be put into the solid fuel stock, this solid fuel stock does not accept to handle or accept not comprise the processing of microwave energy, or the like.For example, robot can determine that metal locator, mass spectrometric apparatus, magnetic identification, MRI, coil winding, thermal imaging system 508, IR 514, thermo detector 510, smoke detector 510 or the like receive thermal anomaly solid fuel locating information from pre-.In another embodiment, for example thermal imaging system 508, IR facility 514 or the like can be installed in and pick up/put in the robot 512 proofing unit; These proofing units can directly provide thermal anomaly solid fuel information to picking up/put robot 512, provide ten to choose the solid-fuelled guidance of thermal anomaly.These devices and facility can provide positional information, thereby allow accurately to determine the thermal anomaly solid fuel, this makes robot 512 to pick up from solid fuel and sorts out thermal anomaly solid fuel one or in groups, and remove the thermal anomaly solid fuel from processed solid fuel.
In one embodiment,, can place a plurality of robots 512, be used to remove the thermal anomaly solid fuel before the solid fuel treatment facility 132 and/or in solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, liquid spraying system 518 can be used to spraying liquid to the thermal anomaly solid fuel that will handle in described solid fuel treatment facility.With pick up/put the similar ground of robot 512, sprinkling system 518 can receive thermal anomaly solid fuel positional information from thermal imaging system 508, IR facility 514, thermo detector 510, smoke detector 510 or the like.In one embodiment, in case the thermal anomaly solid fuel is detected, then can provide this positional information to sprinkling system 518, sprinkling system 518 bootable liquid flow on the thermal anomaly solid fuel in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, to extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, liquid can be any liquid that can be used to extinguish hot solids fuel, for example water, water base cooling fluid, oil base cooling fluid or the like.In a plurality of embodiment, in case liquid has been sprayed on the thermal anomaly solid fuel, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can continue to experience solid fuel to be handled, can be picked out/placed leave solid fuel, or the like.In an example that adopts water, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can be identified by detection system 510, can provide the solid-fuelled coordinate of thermal anomaly in the treatment zone to water sprinkling system 518, the coordinate that is provided the water sprinkling system can be provided sentence and extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In this embodiment, the thermal anomaly solid fuel that has been sprayed water can continue to experience solid fuel to be handled, and as the part of solid fuel treatment facility 132 treatment processs, can remove water unnecessary in the sprinkling system.In one embodiment, the sprinkling system 518 more than can be arranged in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, for example be arranged on each microwave system 148 place.
Also inhibition system 504 can be arranged in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, with employing the system of broad base is arranged, as with the soaked with liquid big area, with gas (for example nitrogen) fill treatment facility a certain zone or whole zone, discharge the air in a certain zone of treatment facility, a certain zone that inert gas flow is directed to treatment facility or the like and extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, adopt rare gas element, for example nitrogen is handled the thermal anomaly solid fuel and may be produced oxygen as byproduct.In one embodiment, atmospheric volume can be less than the rare gas element of 100% volume, but can remain effective to extinguishing the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, there is the system of broad base can be arranged on the position that the thermal anomaly solid fuel is easy to expand in the treatment facility 132, for example near the end of processing circuitry, and the system that broad base is arranged that uses when detecting the thermal anomaly solid fuel may be active, the system that broad base perhaps arranged is preventative when being used as when handling sequence a part of, to stop the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, there is the system of broad base can be used to cool off non-thermal anomaly solid fuel.
The inhibition system 504 of active broad base can receive the thermal anomaly solid fuel and be in indication in the zone that active inhibition system 504 covered, and active system can be activated and extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, after the thermal anomaly solid fuel was extinguished, the thermal anomaly solid fuel can continue to handle in solid fuel treatment facility 132, can utilize preceding method to migrate out from solid fuel treatment facility 132, or the like.
The inhibition system 504 of preventative broad base can be incorporated into can expect in the solid fuel treatment facility 132 that the position of thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion expands to stop the thermal anomaly solid fuel.For example, by preventative system is incorporated in the microwave system 148, be placed on after the microwave system 148, be placed on before the microwave system 148 as an independent system, or the like, preventative system and microwave system 148 can be associated.
In addition, preventative inhibition system 504 can make up with active system.This combination can provide the overall prevention action in the described solid fuel treatment facility, also can provide and extinguish the solid-fuelled active system of thermal anomaly that expansion may take place in preventative inhibition zone.For example,, the gas prevention system can be set stop the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly, extinguish any thermal anomaly solid fuel that may expand in preventative inhibition zone but the active system that is soaked in water also can be set at microwave system 148 places.
The inhibition system 504 that it should be understood that any or all can be incorporated into completely in the active system, completely in the prevention system, and as the activity and the prevention system of combination, or the like.For example, can be incorporated in the inhibition system 504 with soaked with liquid and exhausted air.According to the position in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, different systems can be used singly or in combination the thermal anomaly solid fuel that provides whole and suppress system 504.Inhibition system 504 can adopt single Controlling System to coordinate, controlled respectively, and by the Combination Control of single Controlling System and each system, or the like.
To describe inhibition system 504 in more detail now, these inhibition systems 504 as described herein can be preventative or active.In one embodiment, adopt this mode of soaked with liquid can provide stable liquid flow just to cool off, or be used for stoping the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly at processed solid fuel.In one embodiment, liquid can be water, and water base cooling fluid, oil base cooling fluid, liquid nitrogen or any other can be used to extinguish or prevent the liquid of thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion.For example, the water solid fuel that can be used to soak immediately after the microwave treatment may develop into the solid-fuelled temperature of thermal anomaly to keep solid-fuelled temperature to be lower than it.In one embodiment, can adopt the flow velocity of Controlling System controlled liq, the flow velocity of liquid may depend on the solid-fuelled temperature that is sensed.In a plurality of embodiment, solid-fuelled temperature can be passed through air themperature, thermal imaging system 508, and IR facility 514, thermo detector 510, thermal anomaly solid fuel detector 510 or the like is measured.For example, infusion system can provide predetermined liquid flow at specific solid fuel treatment facility microwave station place, if but sense temperature and rise, then Controlling System can increase liquid flow and prevents the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly or extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.
In one embodiment, but at least one zone blanketing gas of solid fuel treatment facility 132 to prevent the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly or to extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, supply with stable gas stream and can in solid fuel treatment facility 132, form the environment that to prevent oxidation and then prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, gas can be for example argon of rare gas element, and non-rare gas element is nitrogen for example, and perhaps any other can play oxidation and prevent the gas that acts on.In one embodiment, gas flow rate can be controlled by Controlling System, and gas flow rate can be depending on the solid-fuelled temperature that senses.In a plurality of embodiment, solid-fuelled temperature can be passed through air themperature, thermal imaging system 508, and IR facility 514, thermo detector 510, thermal anomaly solid fuel detector 510 or the like is measured.For example, gas system can provide predetermined gas stream at specific solid fuel treatment facility microwave station place, if but sense temperature and rise, then Controlling System can increase gas stream and prevents the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly or extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.
In one embodiment, the air at least one zone of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be discharged to prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel or to put out the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, discharge air in the zone and can in described solid fuel treatment facility, form fully or parital vacuum, can prevent that oxidation goes forward side by side and prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, the air rate of discharge can be controlled by Controlling System, and the air rate of discharge can be depending on the solid-fuelled temperature that is sensed.In a plurality of embodiment, solid-fuelled temperature can be passed through air themperature, thermal imaging system 508, and IR facility 514, thermo detector 510, thermal anomaly solid fuel detector 510, the x ray, material analysis, the scattering of electromagnetic wave of detection eddy current, magnetic detection or the like is measured.For example, air purge system can form predetermined vacuum at specific solid fuel treatment facility 132 microwave station places, if rise but sense temperature, then Controlling System can be strengthened the degree that air discharges and increase vacuum tightness, thereby prevents the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel or extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.
The another kind of method of inhibition system can be to reduce the microwave power that reacts with the thermal anomaly solid fuel that is detected.As discussed previously, during solid fuel was handled, the thermal anomaly solid fuel may receive microwave energy and expand.During solid fuel was handled, transmitter 142 is air thermometer for example, and thermal imaging system 508, IR facility 514, thermo detector 510, thermal anomaly solid fuel detector 510 or the like can detect the thermal anomaly solid fuel in microwave system 148 zones.In one embodiment, the indication that transmitter 142 can provide the thermal anomaly solid fuel to expand to microwave system 148, and microwave controller can be applied to solid-fuelled microwave energy thereby change by turning off microwave, change power level, changing the pattern that frequency, pulse microwave or the like mode changes microwave.In one embodiment, microwave mode change can with a kind of inhibition system 504 (soaked with liquid for example, blanketing gas, exhausted air), a kind of method of operating (for example picking up/put robot 512, spraying liquid 518) or the like is used in combination, to remove or to extinguish the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, if the signal that transmitter 142 provides the thermal anomaly solid fuel to be extinguished, then microwave can turn back to operate in standard mode.
Be different from the mode of action that changes microwave mode, can manage microwave system 148 energy to prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In a plurality of embodiment, microwave system 148 can keep at a certain distance away and be provided with to allow the cooling before being handled by another microwave system 148 of thermal anomaly solid fuel, solid fuel can destroy the speed feed of thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion, section start at treatment facility when humidity is big provides more microwave energy to prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel, provide the microwave energy of different levels to manage the amount that is applied to the energy on the solid fuel at the not homonymy of described travelling belt with along the length of treatment facility, adopt different waveguide outlets to produce different microwave energy fields in solid fuel inside so that the average energy distribution and then the focus of minimizing microwave energy to be provided, under the situation of handling microwave system change energy level during the solid fuel, adopt pulse or dutycycle to transmit microwave energy, adopt the solid fuel treatment facility of a plurality of shorter length to make solid fuel between each microwave treatment station, obtain cooling time, or the like.Be appreciated that these Preventive Method of applying of management microwave energy can use separately or applied in any combination.
Now preventative microwave energy management process will be described in more detail.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise a plurality of microwave systems 148.When solid fuel was mobile on travelling belt 130, solid fuel can receive microwave energy from a plurality of microwave systems 148.As discussed previously, receive too much energy if contain the solid fuel of energy-absorbing material, then this solid fuel may become the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, allow solid fuel to obtain cooling between each microwave treatment by cooling distance 520 is provided between each microwave system 148, may command is applied to solid-fuelled energy, and can prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, the cooling distance 520 between each microwave system can be identical distance, also can be different distances, or the like.For example, in the short cooling distance 520 of the section start setting of described solid fuel treatment facility, and in the long cooling distance 520 of the termination setting of treatment facility, the cooling distance 520 that can obtain to change.In this way, when solid fuel contains more moisture and be difficult for the expansion of generation thermal anomaly solid fuel, more microwave energy can be applied on the solid fuel.When solid fuel became more dried, the cooling distance of can extending 520 obtained longer cooling time to allow solid fuel, and prevented that the thermal anomaly solid fuel from expanding when processing finishes.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy management process can be to carry out solid-fuelled feed with the speed that can destroy the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, solid fuel carries out refrigerative than the jogging speed feed to allow solid fuel between each microwave system.In another embodiment, solid fuel all provides less with absorbed microwave energy at each microwave system place with the fast speed feed; Under this mode at any one microwave system place equal less microwave energies of input in solid fuel only.
In another embodiment, thus solid fuel can move control with different speed to be applied to the amount of the microwave energy on the solid fuel and to be provided at abundant cooling time between each microwave system.An embodiment of this method can be very fast at the feeding speed at microwave system 148 places, and the feeding speed between each microwave system 148 is slower.The method of the feeding speed that this employing changes can combine application (between the solid fuel on the travelling belt 130 under the spaced situation) with solid-fuelled unequal distribution the on the travelling belt 130.In this way, solid fuel can move quickly when the processing of experience microwave system 148, and distance 520 places that can cool down between each microwave system then move slower.Another embodiment that changes the solid fuel feeding speed accelerates continuously and reduces the solid fuel feeding speed so that the solid-fuelled feeding speed of pulse to be provided.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy management process can be that the section start at solid fuel treatment facility 132 provides more microwave energy, and provides less energy at the termination of treatment facility.In this way, when the solid fuel of handling section start contains more moisture, it can receive more microwave energy and can not become the thermal anomaly solid fuel, and does and when being easy to become the thermal anomaly solid fuel, then apply less energy when solid fuel becomes.Can be by at interval microwave system 148 being set, when treating processes begins, apply more microwave energy and when treating processes finishes, apply more low-yield, or the like can change microwave energy.In one embodiment, the amount that is applied to solid-fuelled microwave energy can change according to the input value that is placed on the wetness sensor in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can provide can indicate from solid-fuelled moisture clearance and when be the data of the clearance that reduces to microwave system 148.According to the sensing data of this reception, microwave system 148 can determine to be applied to the amount of the microwave energy on the solid fuel based on the moisture clearance.For example, along with solid fuel moves through treatment facility 132, it may become more dried, and the moisture clearance may reduce, and when transmitter 142 sensed less moisture, microwave system 148 can reduce the energy level that is applied on the solid fuel.Adopt to reduce this method of the microwave energy level on the described solid fuel treatment facility length, can reduce the solid-fuelled expansion of thermal anomaly in the solid fuel treatment facility described in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy management process can be to provide different microwave energies on load bearing solid fuel passes the not homonymy of travelling belt 130 of described solid fuel treatment facility 148.In one embodiment, along with solid fuel moves down along solid fuel treatment facility 132, microwave waveguide outlet can be arranged on and stride across solid-fuelled different positions place, wherein is arranged on a solid-fuelled side and the outlet of second microwave waveguide is arranged on solid-fuelled not homonymy a microwave waveguide outlet.In this way, some place in solid fuel treatment facility 132, solid-fuelled first side can receive total microwave energy of big per-cent, and second side then can receive total microwave energy of less per-cent.In this first location, solid-fuelled first side can receive maximum micro-wave energy calorimetrics, and second side can receive less heat from microwave energy.In this configuration, second side can be considered as the position that solid fuel treatment facility 132 internal cooling get off.In one embodiment, along with solid fuel moves down along treatment facility 132, the microwave energy of higher percent and low per-cent may change, and the solid fuel on the travelling belt may change between high-energy position and energy position.In one embodiment, solid fuel can become hotter in the high-energy position, and when still receiving microwave energy, solid fuel can cool off at the energy position place.The method of the high energy position of this change can prevent the unusual solid fuel expansion of solid fuel treatment facility 132 internal heat.In one embodiment, on the length of solid fuel treatment facility 132, can adopt different energy levels, thereby microwave energy can change to opposite side from a side, and energy level can change along the length of solid fuel treatment facility 132 at the different positions place.
In addition, microwave energy can not only replace from a solid-fuelled top-cross and transform to opposite side, and passes solid fuel in the mode that increases progressively.For example, the outlet of first microwave can be arranged on solid-fuelled first edge.Second microwave outlet of the second position can be set to from coming solid-fuelled first edge near solid-fuelled center.The outlet of the 3rd microwave of the 3rd position can be set to leave the central position and towards solid-fuelled second edge.The 4th microwave outlet of the 4th position can be arranged on solid-fuelled second edge.In one embodiment, along with solid fuel moves through the solid fuel treatment facility, the progressive solid fuel that moves through of this microwave energy changes the concentration of microwave energy serially and allows the different positions in the solid fuel to become colder, makes the solid fuel that is in the concentrated part of microwave energy become hotter simultaneously.The continuous change of this microwave energy concentration can prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.Be appreciated that during solid-fuelled processing, microwave energy strides across solid-fuelled gradual change and can repeatedly repeat as required.
Except change is applied to solid fuel not the microwave energy of homonymy, along with solid fuel moves to another from a travelling belt 130, solid fuel can be rotated or mix solid fuel is moved by side to the opposite side of travelling belt 130 from one of travelling belt 130.In one embodiment, this can realize that this hopper can mix solid fuel by adopting hopper to receive solid fuel from first travelling belt 130 before solid fuel being deposited into second travelling belt 130.In another embodiment, solid fuel can be directly from the first band rotation or be mixed on another band.In a plurality of embodiment, solid fuel can in microwave system 148 inside, or not only be rotated between microwave system 148 but also in microwave system 148 inside and is mixing between microwave system 148, or the like.
In a plurality of embodiment, the solid fuel product of having handled can be mixed or be mixed to obtain the solid fuel mixture of customization.For example, the product of coal of handling can be mixed to produce the coal mixtures of customization.In a plurality of embodiment, can in mixing facility, mix.In a plurality of embodiment, mixing facility can be associated with solid fuel treatment facility 132.In a plurality of embodiment, the mixing of described solid fuel product can be carried out between travelling belt, perhaps carries out when the solid fuel product leaves transmission of facility 132, perhaps carries out when microwave system 148 reveals.In further embodiments, mixing can be carried out between microwave system 148.For example,, can adopt the coal of different sources in order to mix the coal mixtures that produces customization, for example from the coal in different ore deposits, local stock and coal with different minerals matter content.For example, can between bituminous coal and brown coal, mix.In another example, the coal facies from different pits can be mixed.Similarly, can adopt coal to mix with similar or dissimilar characteristics.
In a plurality of embodiment, described solid fuel product can be mixed or mixed in together to reduce solid-fuelled temperature.In a plurality of embodiment, can adopt source of microwave energy to handle solid fuel.By handling, solid fuel can be mixed.The mixing of solid fuel product can reduce solid-fuelled temperature.Similar or dissimilar solid fuels can be used for mixing.For example, can between bituminous coal and brown coal, mix.In another example, the coal that comes from two kinds of different pits may be mixed together.In other embodiments, type is identical but big or small, the different coal of characteristic of shape and certain other types can be used for mixing, to reduce the temperature of coal.In other other embodiment, pretreated coal can be used for mixing to reduce the temperature of coal.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy management process can provide difform waveguide outlet to produce different microwave energy fields in solid fuel inside.In one embodiment, different waveguiding structures can provide different microwave energies to distribute.For example, circular waveguide outlet can produce the energy pattern that is essentially circular.In a plurality of embodiment, the shape of waveguide outlet can be circular, oval, square, trilateral, rectangle or the like, and therefore the microwave energy of shapeization is provided to solid fuel.In addition, waveguide can be angled with respect to solid-fuelled plane.Waveguide with angle can change microwave energy and distribute, and for example changes to ellipse from circle.In one embodiment, adopt the waveguide of different shapes or angle that different energy distribution can be provided, its cocoa is used to prevent occur in the solid fuel thermal anomaly solid fuel.
Waveguide can have certain shape and angle equally distributed microwave energy to be provided and to avoid occurring in the microwave energy focus.In one embodiment, the microwave energy distribution that different waveguides exports provides different is set on the length of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Different energy divides and can form a plurality of positions hotter than other positions in that solid fuel is inner, therefore form each hot and colder position in the solid fuel inside of having handled, and the position location of this and aforesaid microwave system is similar.In one embodiment, colder position can be used as the solid fuel relatively colder cold site that becomes, thereby prevents the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.
Except waveguide shapes and angle, the waveguide energy can be polarized and the guiding microwave energy.Polarizer can be expanded with the thermal anomaly solid fuel that prevents solid fuel inside with combined next further distribution microwave energy of waveguide shapes and then control heat solid fuel.
In addition, the microwave energy that any one in waveguide and the polarizer or both can be rotated so that vibration to be provided distributes, and wherein microwave energy can rotate around solid fuel when solid fuel passes waveguide.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy management process can provide microwave system 148, and it can provide the energy of various levels to solid fuel.In one embodiment, microwave energy system can be pulse or have dutycycle, wherein export energy and change along with the time.For example, if energy level be described to be in 1 to 10 between (10 for beta maximum energy), then microwave energy can change between 5 to 10 along with the time, perhaps for high-energy and more low-energy other combinations are arranged.When the set(ting)value that is in 10, the energy hunting of this type can be used for heat solid fuel, and allows the solid fuel cooling when the set(ting)value that is in 5.Be appreciated that this only is an exemplary embodiment, can adopt different dutycycles, it can be used to change the energy level from microwave system.The dutycycle of microwave energy is by changing solid-fuelled heating and cooling, the desired total energy of feasible generation thermal anomaly solid fuel was not applied on the solid fuel before energy level reduces and allows the solid fuel cooling, thereby can prevent the expansion of thermal anomaly solid fuel.
In one embodiment, dutycycle can with the time, the speed of travelling belt 130, solid-fuelled volume on the travelling belt 130, solid-fuelled temperature or the like is relevant.For example, the power level of microwave system can move through the speed of solid fuel treatment facility 132 and changes according to solid fuel.
Another kind of preventative microwave energy administrative law can provide the short solid fuel treatment facility 132 of a plurality of length, and it can allow solid fuel to obtain cooling time between the microwave treatment station.In one embodiment, the short solid fuel treatment facility of length can comprise a few microwave station, it can be with in the energy input of the reduction amount solid fuel in each short treatment facility, the energy of this reduction can prevent the thermal anomaly solid fuel by providing than producing the desired energy of thermal anomaly solid fuel microwave energy still less.For example, if typical solid fuel treatment facility 132 has ten microwave stations, the solid fuel treatment facility 132 of shorter length can only comprise five microwave stations.In one embodiment, the solid fuel treatment facility 132 that a plurality of shorter length can be set provides according to desired way and handles the needed total amount microwave energy of solid fuel.In one embodiment, the distance between the solid fuel treatment facility of a plurality of weak points can be that cooling distance 520 or cooling stations cool off between a plurality of solid fuel treatment facilities to allow solid fuel.At cooling distance 520 or cooling stations place, cooling infrastructure can be set, it is provided for preventing the environment of thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion, cold air flow for example, parital vacuum, the perfect vacuum, inert gas flow, gas stream, the applying of liquid, or the like.In addition, as before discussing, the pre-definite and active thermal anomaly solid fuel that independent combination can be set at place, the station between the short solid fuel treatment facility 132 reduces device.
In one embodiment, during heating treatment the solid-fuelled amount of thermal anomaly of expansion can be minimized by undersized solid fuel is handled.For example, can be by with solid-fuelled size control being about one inch diameter but not about three inches, thus reduce the solid-fuelled amount of thermal anomaly.In one embodiment, solid-fuelled size (quality) and solid fuel become between the solid-fuelled trend of thermal anomaly (it can be called as thermal inertia) may exist certain relation, and wherein less solid fuel can not contain the iron protoxide that can absorb enough energy and become the solid-fuelled critical mass of thermal anomaly.In addition, less solid fuel size can be provided at more equally distributed solid fuel on the travelling belt 130, and then can provide more equally distributed microwave energy to solid fuel.Be appreciated that undersized solid fuel can with anyly aforesaidly pre-determine, removal system or suppress system in combination and in described solid fuel treatment facility, prevent and suppress the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, by the large-sized solid fuel of Local treatment only, the solid-fuelled amount of the thermal anomaly of expanding during the thermal treatment is minimized.In a plurality of embodiment, the solid fuel that can only untreated solid fuel of large-size and small size be handled by not handling large-sized solid fuel mixes mutually, and the solid-fuelled amount of thermal anomaly of expansion during heating treatment is minimized.
In one embodiment, the solid-fuelled amount of the thermal anomaly of expansion can be controlled by reducing the solid fuel moisture.As discussed previously, more solid fuel moisture can prevent the thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion in the processed solid fuel.Can reduce the solid-fuelled amount of thermal anomaly only by solid fuel is handled to certain moisture level that can prevent the solid fuel expansion.For example, solid-fuelled initial moisture level is more than 28%, carries out the solid fuel processing at solid fuel treatment facility 132 and makes moisture per-cent be lower than 17%, and this can cause thermal anomaly solid fuel expansion of the solid fuel inside of having handled.In one embodiment, described solid fuel treatment facility can only be handled solid fuel the moisture per-cent that can take place usually to the thermal anomaly solid fuel.In one embodiment, in case solid fuel arrives the contingent a certain moisture per-cent of thermal anomaly solid fuel, can stop solid-fuelled microwave treatment, can adopt previous described a kind of microwave handling method to adjust microwave treatment to reduce the solid-fuelled generation of thermal anomaly, the method (as heating) that can adopt another kind of moisture to remove is handled solid fuel, or the like.
Refer again to Fig. 1, in a plurality of embodiment, controller 144 and monitoring facility 134 can have feedback loop system, controller provides operating parameters to solid fuel treatment facility 132 and band facility 130, and monitoring facility 134 receives data from band facility 130 transmitters 142 and obtains desired processing coal to determine whether described operating parameters requires to adjust.During coal is handled, can carry out continuous application and adjustment to the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132 and band facility 130.
Refer again to Fig. 1, controller 144 can be computer installation, and it can be desktop computer, server, Web server, laptop computer or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.Controller 144 can be the machine controller that is available commercially, and it is designed to control various devices, maybe the controller 144 that can design for the client.Controller 144 can be full automatic, can have operating parameters, and override control can be manually control, can be local control, can be remote control or the like.Controller 144 is illustrated as the part with facility 130, but can not be in requiring on the position with respect to band facility 130; Controller 144 can be positioned at initiating terminal or the terminal or any old place therebetween of band facility 13.Controller 144 can be away from band facility 130.Controller 144 can have user interface; User interface can be seen at controller 144 places, and can see away from the position of the computer installation that is connected with controller 144 networks.
Controller 144 can provide described operating parameters to band facility 130 and solid fuel treatment facility 132 systems, solid fuel treatment facility 132 systems can comprise inlet charging 124, preheating 138, parameter control 140, transmitter control 142, removal system 150, microwave system 148, cooling infrastructure 164, discharging facility 168, or the like.Can be provided with and the various systems of transfer operation parameter control device 144 and transmission actually operating value and the dual communication system that facility communicates.Controller 144 can provide user interface, is used to show described operating parameters and actually operating value.Controller 144 can not automatically adjust to operating parameters, and operating parameters is regulated and can be provided by monitoring facility 134.
Monitoring facility 134 can be computer installation, and it can be desktop computer, server, Web server, laptop computer or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.Monitoring facility 134 can have and controller 144 identical operations parameters, and can receive the identical operations parameter from various facilities and system.Monitoring facility 134 can have that more described parameter generating facility 128 provides requires the algorithm of the actually operating value that sensor parameters and transmitter 142 provide, and determines whether to require to change operating parameters.For example, monitoring facility 134 can be relatively at the actual steam sensor values of specific band facility 130 positions and the sensor values of requirement, and whether definite microwave power needs to increase or reduce.If the variation of operating parameters requires to adjust, adjusted parameter can be sent to controller 144, to be applied in the suitable device or equipment.Monitoring facility 134 can continue monitoring solids fuel treatment facility 132 and band facility 130 systems, to carry out parameter adjustment.
As an example more completely, controller 144 can be band facility parameter controller 140 operating parameters is provided, to carry out the operation of each band facility 130 systems.In the coal processing is carried out, but monitoring facility 134 monitoring sensors 142 serve as the transmitter requirement that obtains the processed coal of hope to determine whether processed coal satisfies.If the δ that exists between desired sensor reading and real sensor reading surpasses acceptable limit value, monitoring facility 134 can be regulated one or more described operating parameters, and new operating parameters is offered controller 144.Controller 144 can receive new operating parameters and this new parameter is sent to parameter controller 140 to control each band facility 130 systems.
Monitoring facility 134 also can be from feeding back the feedback information that facility 174 and coal output parameter facility 172 receive from coal treating processes terminal.These two facilities can receive the final response of processing coal and this information is passed to monitoring facility 134.Monitoring facility 134 can have been handled coal characteristic and coal desired characteristic 122 more, to determine whether to require to adjust operating parameters.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can adopt the algorithm that merges the actually operating value and finally handled coal characteristic with definite operating parameters to be adjusted.Adjustment can be sent in the controller 144 then, to revise operation solid fuel treatment facility 132 systems.
The function of each coal treatment facility 132 systems shown in Fig. 1 and facility and interact and to set forth by an example that utilizes the coal that solid fuel treatment facility 132 handles.
In this example, the operator of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be the coal of special processing is delivered to the client and is chosen in the raw coal of handling in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be the final coal of processing and selects initial coal and coal desired characteristic 122.As previously mentioned, described parameter generating facility 128 can produce and carry out operating parameters that selected coal is handled.Parameter can comprise the volume ratio of coal to be processed, air ambient, and line speed, the coal temperature, microwave power, microwave frequency, the rare gas element of requirement, the sensor reading of requirement, preheating temperature, cooling temperature, or the like.Described parameter generating facility 128 can be sent to monitoring facility 134 and controller 144 with operation and sensor parameters; Controller 144 can be sent to parameter controller 140 and sensing system 142 with operation and sensor parameters.
Continue this example, charging facility 124 can receive raw coal to the colliery 102 of solid fuel treatment facility 132 supply coals or coal storage facility 112.Raw coal can be from being positioned at a storage area supply of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Charging facility 124 can have input section, transition section, adapter section, and it can receive and control the volume of the mobile and coal of the coal that can enter solid fuel treatment facility 132.Charging facility 124 can have feed system, and as travelling belt 300, propelling feeder or the like, it can be sent to raw coal in the band facility 130.
In a kind of exemplary embodiment, the charging facility can be input to the volume ratio of the raw coal in the band facility according to the described operating parameters control that controller 144 provides.The charging facility can change the speed of feed system according to the parameter that controller 144 provides.In one embodiment, charging facility 124 can be supplied to band facility 130 with raw coal with the ratio that continues, perhaps can with ratio that change or pulse according to coal batch to band facility 130 supply raw coal; Can have predetermined gap between the coal batch.
In this example, band facility 130 can receive raw coal from charging facility 124, so that raw coal is carried by each coal treating processes.The coal treating processes can comprise preheating 138 processing, and microwave system 148 is handled, cooling process 164, or the like.Band facility 130 can have delivery system, and this delivery system is involved to form the chamber that can handle coal and implementation method.
In a plurality of embodiment, delivery system can be travelling belt 300, a series of one containers, or its other available carrying method of opening mobile coal by treating processes.Delivery system can be made by the material of the material that can support the pyroprocessing coal (for example metal or high temperature plastics).Delivery system can allow non-product of coal to discharge with gas or liquid form from coal; The non-product of coal that discharges may be collected by band facility 130.Delivery system speed can be by the control of controller 144 variation of operating parameters ground.The running speed of band facility 130 delivery systems can be identical with the speed of charging facility 124 to keep the balance of coal input.
In band facility 130 chambers, can keep air ambient, it can be used to help to discharge non-product of coal, prevents that the precocious coal from lighting, and provides air-flow so that non-product of coal gas is moved in the suitable removal system 150.Air ambient can be dry air (low humidity or do not have humidity) to help dry-off moisture from coal, perhaps can be used to guide anyly be formed at condensation moisture on the chamber wall to liquid collection region.
Band facility 130 chambers can have inertia or local inert gasses atmosphere; The inert gasses atmosphere can prevent that coal is lighted between the pliotherm period, and high temperature is that to remove some non-products of coal (for example sulphur) needed.
Rare gas element can fire facility 154 supplies by antipoints, and this antipoints combustion facility 154 can be stored the rare gas element to the supply of band facility 130 chambers.Rare gas element comprises nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon.Nitrogen and argon can be the common inert gas that is used to provide non-flammability gas atmosphere.Prevent that lighting facility 154 can have the gas charging-tank, wherein is equipped with the rare gas element of supplying with chamber.The input rare gas element is to produce suitable atmosphere surrounding, and this can have controller 144 operating parameterss to control.Controller 144 can adopt from the feedback of the transmitter in the chamber (transmitter can be measured actual noble gas mixtures) and regulate inert gas flow.On the basis of transmitter 142, controller 144 can increase or reduce inert gas flow and the gas atmosphere operating parameters that keeps being provided by controller 144 and parameter generating facility 128.
If band facility 130 chambers adopt nitrogen as rare gas element, can be at the gas generation facility 152 on-the-spot nitrogen that produce.For example, gas generation facility 152 can adopt pressure-swing to absorb (PSA) method provides band facility 130 chambers desired nitrogen.Gas generation facility 152 can be used for being inserted into chamber to the anti-facility supply nitrogen of lighting.The nitrogen stream that enters chamber can be by controller 144 controls, as previously mentioned.
Adopt malleation or negative pressure to apply the atmosphere surrounding that any one is supplied, thereby the gas stream in the chamber is provided.Can adopt malleation that gas is input in the chamber, gas stream be crossed be with facility 130 coals and the exit region in chamber to flow out.In a kind of similar mode, can provide negative pressure to cross coal gas is incorporated into the chamber neutralization.Can adopt any method to collect non-product of coal and discharge gas in removal system 150.
In exemplary embodiment, by measuring gas velocity, gas direction, input pressure, input pressure or the like, the gas stream in the controller 144 may command chambers.Controller 144 can provide control and adjusting to air-flow by changing fan in the band facility and fan.
In band facility 130 chambers, can keep vacuum or parital vacuum to carry out the processing of coal.Vacuum environment can provide extra help to remove non-product of coal from coal, helps the environment that coal is lighted by removing, and can prevent that also coal from being lighted.
Along with the continuation of coal in band facility 130 handled, coal can at first enter preheating facility 138.Preheating facility 138 can be heated to coal the temperature of operating parameters regulation; Described operating parameters can be provided by controller 144.Coal can be preheated and remove surface moisture and just in time at the moisture of lower face from coal.Remove this excessive moisture and can allow the microwave system 148 that will be used subsequently more effective, reason is to absorb the surface moisture amount of microwave energy for minimum.
Preheating facility 138 can comprise the identical gas atmosphere of rest part with band facility 130, maybe can comprise different gas atmosphere.
Preheating facility 138 can use with the identical conveying facility of the rest part of facility 130, maybe can have the conveying facility of himself.If the preheating facility has the conveying facility of self, it can and can change its speed to guarantee removing suitable moisture between warming up period by controller 144 controls.Removing of moisture can perhaps can determine to be preheated the moisture volume that facility 138 is removed with weight afterwards by coal before by water vapor transmitter sensing.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured the weight of coal according to the scale in handling before preheating and after the preheating.Moisture about the significant quantity of removing from coal can feed back controller 144, and the speed that controller 144 can be regulated preheating facility 138 delivery systems as required compensates.
After preheating facility 138, coal can continue the coal treating processes in band facility 130, adopts at least one microwave/radiowave system (microwave system) 148 to handle coal.Microwave system 148 electromagnetic energies can be by device, magnetron for example, transit time tube, vibratory gyroscope, or the like produce.Microwave system 148 can be input to microwave energy in the coal and heat non-product of coal and discharge non-product of coal from coal.Because add the non-product of coal in the hot coal, coal can be heated.The release of non-product of coal can exist from the solid to liquid, liquid to gas, solid to gas material phase transformationization or other take place when allowing phase change that non-product of coal discharges from coal.
In band facility 130, under the situation that can adopt more than one microwave system 148, microwave system 148 can be in parallel localized with respect to delivery system, located in series, perhaps series-parallel connection integrated positioning.
As discussed in detail below, microwave system 148 can be parallel, wherein can have more than one microwave system 148 to combine single microwave system 148 treatment station of formation.This single station can allow to adopt several less microwave systems 148, allows to adopt different frequencies at single-site, allows to adopt different capacity at different websites, allow to adopt different duty at single-site, or the like.
Under the situation of band facility 130 settings more than one microwave system 148 stations, microwave system 148 also can be installed in series.Placed in-line microwave system 148 stations both can be that microwave system 148 separately also can be one group of parallel microwave system 148.Placed in-line microwave system 148 stations can allow coal to carry out different processing at the place, not homotactic l microwave system 148 stations along band facility 130.For example, at the first station place of microwave system 148, can attempt to remove the moisture that anhydrates from coal, this may need certain power, frequency and dutycycle.At the place, second station of microwave system 148, can attempt from coal, removing desulfuration, this may require different power, frequency and dutycycle.For example, band facility 130 can comprise along omnidistance ten of being provided with of band facility 130 or more microwave system 148, and they can be in parallel, placed in-line, staggered or the like, and in any layout along the number of band facility 130 can be increase or reduce.It should be appreciated by those skilled in the art and can any amount of microwave system 148 be set along band facility 130, band facility 130 can be random length, can comprise the band facility 130 of any amount in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Utilize a series of microwave systems also can allow to be provided with other treatment station between microwave system 148, the wait station, the non-product of coal that for example allow non-product of coal discharge are fully removed system 150 stations, write down the sensing system 142 that non-product of coal discharges, or the like.
Microwave system 148 station series can allow in the different steps release of band facility 130 and remove non-product of coal.This can help keeping the non-product of coal removed to be separated and be collected by suitable removal system 150.This also allows a microwave system 148 is mapped to a treatment step or a series of treatment step, thereby special microwave system 148 can be used to carry out particular processing step or series of processing steps.Therefore, for example, microwave system 148 only activates for the treatment step that those need carry out.In this example, if need not to carry out treatment step, then need not to activate related microwave system 148; Re-treatment step if desired then can activate related microwave system 148 once more, for example for remove the non-product of coal of not removing fully as yet after activating for the first time.
In this exemplary embodiment, can comprise a series of controlled step to the control of microwave system 148, for example sensing, monitor the state of coal treating processes, regulate operating parameters, and new operating parameters be applied at least one microwave system 148.As will further being discussed, for control, adjusting and feedback procedure that operating parameters is provided to microwave system 148 same substantially the time applicable to one or more microwave system.
At least one microwave system 148 can be by controller 144 controls.In a plurality of embodiment, controller 144 can provide the operating parameters of controlled microwave frequency, microwave power, microwave dutycycle (for example pulse or successive).Controller 144 can receive initial operational parameters from parameter generating facility 128.Control to microwave system 148 can be carried out in real time, for example, operating parameters can be applied to microwave system 148, transmitter 142 provides processing value, monitoring facility 134 receives and regulates operating parameters, and the feedback of operating parameters is provided to controller 144, repeats Control Circulation then in case of necessity.
Controller 144 can be applied to operating parameters one or more microwave system 148.By power, frequency and the dutycycle of application controller 144 orders, microwave system 148 can respond, thereby 144 orders are managed coal everywhere at special website according to controller.
Microwave system can require to be used to handle a large amount of power of coal.Be some embodiment of the microwave system 148 of carrying out solid fuel treatment facility 132, desired microwave power may be at least 15kW, and frequency is 928MHz or lower; In other embodiments, desired microwave power may be 75kW, and frequency is 902MHz.The power of microwave system 148 can be imported transmission facilities 182 by high pressure and supply with.Facility 182 can progressively increase or reduce power source voltage to satisfy the requirement of microwave system 148.In a plurality of embodiment, microwave system 148 can have the microwave generator more than.Power input system 180 can provide the connection of high pressure being imported transmission facilities 182 for reaching voltage request.If solid fuel treatment facility 132 is positioned at power generating equipment 204 places, power input 180 electric powers that can directly provide from power generating equipment 204 are obtained.In other embodiments, power input 180 can obtain from the power network of locality.
As described herein, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can utilize magnetron 1800 to produce the microwave of handling solid fuel (for example coal).Figure 18 shows magnetron, and it can be used as the part of the microwave system 148 of solid fuel treatment facility 132.In a plurality of embodiment, magnetron 1800 can be high-power valve tube, and it produces relevant microwave.A hole magnetron 1800 can be made up of the hot filament that serves as negative electrode 1814.For example 110 amperes big electric current can pass through filament.Magnetron 700 can remain under the high negative potential by high voltage direct current (DC) 1902 power supplys.Negative electrode 1814 can be arranged on the center of that split, circular chamber that find time, shallow.The outside shallow part of splitting of chamber can be served as anode 1810, attracts the electronics that goes out from emission of cathode.Can adopt magnet or electromagnet to apply magnetic field, thus cause the electronics launched from negative electrode 1814 along circular path to inverted position turn.The shallow hole of splitting 1808 so is connected to 1812 spaces, common hole along its length direction opening.When electronics skimmed over these openings, electronics can be induced the resonant high frequency radio field in common hole 1812, and it makes electron bunching conversely.Resonant frequency can be 915MHz.Radio field can keep electronics to be in electromagnet inside.This a part is connected to the short antenna of waveguide assembly and extracts out.Waveguide assembly is bootable and/or start the RF energy from magnetron extraction and arrival solid fuel, thus heating and processing solid fuel, as previously mentioned.Alternatively, can directly be delivered to solid fuel from the energy of magnetron, and not adopt waveguide assembly from antenna.
In one embodiment, the magnetron that can comprise anode, filament/negative electrode, antenna, magnet can be 100kW or more powerful, for example is 125kW.In any embodiment of magnetron, high-power microwave generator can produce excessive heat.The magnetron of higher-wattage can be started by improved water cooling facility.Improved water cooling can include and be positioned at around the magnetron or inside, the vascular that has water to flow through.In one embodiment, the magnetron of higher-wattage also can be by the microwave energy of the improvement structural priming around the filament with the control emission.In one embodiment, can adopt improved air cooling facility to start higher-wattage.For example, air processor can cool off generator body by extracting air from the gas atmosphere, and air is discharged again and got back in the gas atmosphere then.The air that enters producer can be through refrigerative in advance.The air that enters producer can be filtered, and for example HEPA-filters.In an alternate embodiment, fan can extract warm air from producer, and enters into generator body from the heat exchanger exhausted air.
In one embodiment, the big electromotive force that is applied to magnetron 1800 can cause the dc voltage gap.Voltage is near more from DC, and then the performance that obtains from magnetron is good more.The potential difference difference can be enough big, makes electrode will cross voltage gap when burning filament.In order to control this phenomenon, magnetron can comprise filament transformer or PWM modulation control, as the control device of magnetron.
In one embodiment, magnetron 1800 can have ceramic vault, and this pottery vault can cool off magnetron.
In one embodiment, but from the microwave energy direct radiation of magnetron emission to chamber, and do not use waveguide assembly.Magnetron can be located such that with respect to described chamber, and the emission of energy can be sent to described chamber, and need not any intermediate structure.For example, magnetron can be positioned on the chamber top of chamber, and antenna can be oriented to opening in the adjacent chamber top or the microwave transmission material in the top, chamber.
The microwave energy of launching from magnetron by antenna can enter waveguide assembly.Because microwave energy can not pass solid conductor, thus antenna with the RF radiation of power in waveguide assembly, waveguide assembly can be sent to microwave energy in the chamber from its source.Waveguide assembly can be a hollow structure, this hollow structure can allow energy transmission by wherein and reflection leave the internal portion of waveguide assembly.In an embodiment, antenna can be transmitted into microwave energy in the waveguide assembly, and waveguide assembly can be an orthogonal, circular, cylindrical, avette, square, ellipse, and trilateral, parabola shaped, taper shape, or any other shape or geometry shape.The shape of described waveguide assembly can change the energy transmission characteristic of waveguide assembly, or influence is by the energy distribution pattern of the energy of waveguide assembly propagation.According to the frequency of microwave, waveguide assembly can be constructed as brass, aluminium or the like by electro-conductive material or dielectric materials.
In one embodiment, the size of waveguide assembly can change.For example, waveguide assembly can be curvilinear, crooked, straight or the like.Waveguide assembly can be random length.For example, be positioned at magnetron on the flat surfaces of adjacent cavity and can have waveguide assembly perpendicular to the magnetron running, can be towards the chamber bending, the place, top at chamber before entering chamber is crooked once more.
Transport referring to Figure 25, the rectangular waveguide device helps microwave energy and propagates this part of passing waveguide assembly.In one embodiment, microwave energy is entered the rectangular waveguide device by radiation, and energy waves is with from advancing by the rectangular waveguide device to the mode of opposite side from waveguide assembly inwall one lateral reflection along zigzag.Zigzag pattern in the rectangular waveguide device can be determined by the width of waveguide assembly.For example, the waveguide assembly shown in Figure 25 A is narrower than the device among Figure 25 B.Along with energy is advanced by narrower waveguide assembly, input angle can be less than the input angle of broad waveguide assembly.In a plurality of embodiment, microwave energy can continue to propagate waveguide assembly by as shown in Figure 25 until its another part that enters waveguide assembly, enters the polarizer assembly, enters chamber, or the like.In one embodiment, radiation is by the rectangular waveguide device, and for example the microwave energy of TE10 waveguide assembly can be by linear polarization.
In a plurality of embodiment, receiving the waveguide assembly that starts energy from antenna can be connected with another waveguide assembly, and wherein polarization can remain unchanged, and also can be changed.The polarization that can be used among the present invention can be linear polarization, Circular Polarisation, oval polarization or the like.In linear polarization, two orthogonal (vertical) components are in homophase in the electric vector.Under the linearly polarized situation, the strength ratio of two components is constant, so the direction of electric vector (vector of these two components and) is a constant.Because the track at vector tip is a single line in the plane, this specific example is called as linear polarization.The direction of this line depends on the relative amplitude of these two components of electric vector.In Circular Polarisation, two quadrature components of electric vector have just identical amplitude, just in time are 90 degree out-phase.In the case, one-component is 0, and this moment, another component was in maximum or minimum radius.Two kinds of possible facies relationships of satisfying this requirement are arranged: the x component can be before the y component 90 degree, or lag behind y component 90 degree.Under this particular case, the track of electric vector is the circle in the plane, so this particular case is called as Circular Polarisation.The direction of electric field rotation depends on which two-phase relation that exists.Rotate in which way according to electric vector, these situations are called as right hand circular polarization and left hand circular polarization.Every other situation, i.e. two of electric vector components homophase not, and any component does not have identical amplitude and/or be not that the situations of 90 degree out-phase are called as ellipticpolarization, and reason is that the track of electric vector is the ellipse (polarization ellipse) in the plane.In a plurality of embodiment, for the purpose of the present invention, class polarization can be better than another kind of polarization.For example, the circularly polarized microwave energy can be used for obtaining electric field equilibrated component on vertical and horizontal direction, and can improve the energy distribution that strides across coal.
Referring to Figure 26, there is shown cross-sectional view (Figure 26 A﹠amp of circular polarizer; B) and upward view (Figure 26 C).In this example, carry out the transition to the circular waveguide device from the rectangular waveguide device.Unitor 2604 or rectangle comprise rectangular flange 2602 to be connected to the rectangular waveguide device to circular transformer, also comprise the part of formation smooth transition of 2608 from rectangular flange 2602 to round flange.In a plurality of embodiment, the input waveguide device and the circular waveguide district that are provided by for example rectangular waveguide device are provided unitor 2604.Flange is very important to impedance matching.Referring to Figure 27, it discloses an embodiment of unitor 2604.
When unitor 2604 was passed through in radiation, microwave energy can enter poled waveguide device 2610.In a plurality of embodiment, can there be the flange that unitor 2604 is connected to poled waveguide device 2610, on the contrary, poled waveguide device 2610 and unitor can form single-piece continuously.Under any circumstance, unitor 2604 that links together and poled waveguide device 2610 can be known as polarization assembly 2600.Referring to Figure 26 B, upward view shows from the end of polarization assembly 2600, and polarizing unit 2612,2614 is placed in the poled waveguide device 2610.
In one embodiment, the size of poled waveguide device 2610 can be set to be convenient to CF for example 915MHz operate.For example, length profile, cylindrical section length, transformer length, and thickness of flange all can be modified so that the polarization assembly is operated under specific frequency of radio.Referring to Figure 28, an embodiment of Circular Polarisation waveguide device 2610 is disclosed in the way.
In one embodiment, poled waveguide device 2610 can be revised the polarization of the microwave energy that enters.Continuation is referring to Figure 26, and polarization element 2612,2614 can be set in the poled waveguide device 2610 or with poled waveguide device 2610 and become one.For example, polarization element 2612,2614 can be by moulding to be rendered as the obstacle in the path that microwave energy is advanced when waveguide assembly 2610 is passed in the microwave energy radiation.When microwave energy met with polarization element at 2612,2614 o'clock, the reflection of energy can be changed, thereby microwave energy becomes and polarized circularly.In a plurality of embodiment, in waveguide assembly, a polarization element 2612 can only be set, perhaps in the waveguide assembly a plurality of elements can be arranged.In a plurality of embodiment, polarization element 2612,2614 can be identical, and perhaps it is by differently moulding.For example, polarization element 2612 comparable second polarization element 2614 are bigger.
In one embodiment, the shape of polarization element 2612,2614 can be to become symmetric shape around the plane of passing its center.In one embodiment, polarization element 2612,2614 can not have asymmetry.In another example, polarization element can be asymmetric, for example by having the part of a projection or rising.Polarization element 2612,2614 can be by moulding one-tenth with for example 915MHz operation of particular frequencies.For example, can set total length, end part interval, and the size of middle portion length, so that operate with particular frequencies.Polarization element 2612,2614 can comprise that flange or other attachment means are to allow that polarization element is attached to waveguide assembly.In one embodiment, poled waveguide device 2610 can be extruded, thus polarization element 2612,2614 and waveguide assembly monolithic molding.
In one embodiment, circular polarized wave can provide the effective ways that the moisture composition in being present in is heated.Moisture composition in the coal crack is a water.Water is the eelctric dipole by the electronegative formation of the positively charged the other end at one end.When the electric field of alternation, when for example the electric field that is formed by Circular Polarisation wireless frequency ripple was applied to the water power dipole, it attempted to allow himself and electric field aim at.Yet because mutual electric field, water molecules carries out random motion.Further, random motion has produced heat, so the moisture composition in the coal crack also is heated.Circular Polarisation energy in the waveguide assembly can add the fissured moisture composition of hot coal.Instant the moisture composition still can be heated when the wireless frequency ripple is not Circular Polarisation, but the efficient of this heating may reduce.Therefore, to farthest adding the hot coal crack, can adopt Circular Polarisation.Circular Polarisation has produced the electric field of constant variation, and it is along with the time is depicted a circle.
Microwave energy can propagate into from magnetron 1800 by a plurality of waveguide assemblies solid-fuelled chamber 2900 is housed, for example shown in Figure 29.In this embodiment, microwave energy can at first be propagated the straight part that arrives rectangular waveguide device 2902 by waveguide assembly, is changed direction by the curved part of rectangular waveguide device 2904 then.The curved part of rectangular waveguide device 2904 is connected to polarization assembly 2600 in the interface mode then, and is as described herein.Microwave energy can enter in the chamber by opening then, may appear in 2910 with circularly polarized microwave energy form at this microwave energy.In this example, the circularly polarized microwave energy presents the microwave energy that changes its direction of polarization consistently to solid fuel then.This can help to increase the validity of the microwave energy that is used for heat solid fuel, all circulates by all direction of polarization now because collide solid-fuelled microwave energy, heats thereby allow to be independent of solid-fuelled orientation.In a plurality of embodiment, enter that microwave energy in the chamber 2910 can be for any direction of polarization, collinear for example, circle, oval or the like.
The microwave energy that enters chamber 2910 can be absorbed by solid fuel, or reflects from it, and only have the energy of absorption that heat solid fuel is had contribution this moment.So the energy that is reflected, it is also sometimes referred to as the energy that returns, and can represent the energy of " loss ", so can cause the energy poor efficiency in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.The per-cent of the energy that therefore, returns can be described as return loss.Return loss can be defined as per-cent, as 10% return loss, that is to say that 90% energy that is entered chamber 2910 by radiation is absorbed by solid fuel and 10% is reflected back toward.The mode of another kind of regulation return loss is that per-cent is converted to decibel.For example, decibel is 10 times of the logarithmic value (end is 10) that equals the per-cent that returned in this example.That is to say that 10% return loss equals 10 times of 0.1 log value, is-10dB.Similarly, 1% return loss equals-20dB, and 2% return loss equals-17dB, or the like.Perhaps, calculate by decibel value is carried out antilogarithm then divided by 10, decibel value can be converted back to per-cent return loss, for example-and 15dB can be substantially equal to 3.2% return loss.In an embodiment, return loss can be used to relatively present from magnetron 1800, enters chamber 2910, and by a plurality of different structures of the microwave energy of solid fuel absorption/reflection.
In an embodiment, return loss can be the energy that is not absorbed by solid fuel, may need to be absorbed to minimize the microwave energy that is reflected back to by other facilities, and the outlet waveguide assembly leads back to energy magnetron 1800 subsequently again.In one embodiment, the energy of reflection can be absorbed by water recirculator or the like.In addition, can set waveguide assembly, chamber 2910 and solid-fuelled structural performance, it can help return loss is reduced to minimum, the pattern of chamber 2910 (pattern) for example, solid-fuelled pattern in the chamber 2910, the shape of the outlet of waveguide assembly (outlet of waveguide assembly is guided to microwave energy in the chamber 2910), the impedance matching of outlet waveguide assembly and chamber 2910, or the like.
In a plurality of embodiment, minimizing of return loss can be topmost consideration when the optimum physical structure of determining waveguide assembly and chamber and the interface between waveguide assembly and the chamber.Waveguide assembly can have multiple shape, for example oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped or the like, the shape of waveguide assembly can influence the propagation efficiency and the direction of polarization of the microwave energy from the magnetron to the chamber at this moment.Waveguide assembly also can have a plurality of plug-in units, and it also can influence the propagation efficiency and the direction of polarization of microwave energy, and wherein plug-in unit can be special to the change of polarization pattern, impedance matching, test point or the like.Plug-in unit can be in the multiple shape any one, for example rectangle, avette, symmetric, asymmetric or the like.In addition, 2910 outlet opening shape can be various ways and shape from the waveguide assembly to the chamber, and for example shape can be ellipse, circle, para-curve, slit, cross recess or the like, and 3D shape can be sphere, spheroid, parabola or the like.
In a plurality of embodiment, polarization element in waveguide assembly, the waveguide assembly, 2910 the shape that goes out chamber 2910 or the like can provide the different-energy efficient of the energy that is delivered on the solid fuel from waveguide assembly to chamber, and can characterize further, with return loss.In addition, the insert of waveguide assembly, waveguide assembly, from the waveguide assembly to the chamber shape of 2910 shape, chamber 2910 or the like, can provide and pass solid-fuelled different spaces overlay pattern in the chamber 2910, it can comprise the power level that changes the leap overlay pattern.In a plurality of embodiment, power efficiency (its maximizing is sent to the energy of chamber 2910), and space overlay pattern (power of solid fuel sample in the chamber 2910 is crossed in its maximizing transmission), can be the significant consideration of selected waveguide assembly-outlet-chamber structure.
In a plurality of embodiment, different space overlay pattern can satisfy the various needs of solid fuel treatment facility 132, the wide average covering that strides across the solid fuel sample area for example is provided, when the solid fuel sample transmits under outlet opening, provide the fillet that strides across with 600 to cover, provide along a group outlet opening of travelling belt to cover or the like with maximum overall.For example, Figure 30 shows along transmitting solid-fuelled with 600 outlet opening 3002 arrays 3000.In this example, solid fuel enters from the left side, passes chamber 2910 under with 600 carrying.The first outlet opening 3002A of array 3000 is near the top of band, can provide microwave radiation to the solid fuel sample of advancing along that part of band.Yet, can may offer the center from the peak power intensity that the first outlet opening 3002A obtains and towards the sample of band bottom.But advance to the right side along with travelling belt 600 passes chamber, can provide bigger power level to those samples of middle and bottom from the microwave radiation of other outlet opening 3002.For example, the second outlet opening 3002B can be with the sample of bottom that radiation is provided in figure, outlet opening 3002E can provide radiation towards band intermediary sample in figure, or the like, other outlet opening can provide the mode of the total area coverage in gathering materials to be provided with, thereby it has been provided competent radiation to satisfy the requirement of solid fuel treatment facility 132 during the ultra-Right end among the arrival figure at solid-fuelled sample.
In a plurality of embodiment, outlet opening, no matter be a part as array 3000, still be set to independent effect, can produce different radiation patterns according to they different physical structures, for example by circular polarizer, horn shape antenna, oval band pin antenna, the pattern that parabolic reflector or the like produces.In addition, these structure plans can for example make up in array 3000, and any combination in many ways is to obtain transmitting the solid-fuelled comprehensive covering by chamber 2910.
In a plurality of embodiment, a kind of structure relevant with outlet opening 3002 can be circular polarizer assembly 2600 as described herein.Figure 31 shows such circular polarizer assembly 2600 structures, and its rectangle part by waveguide assembly 2902 is sent into, and it enters chamber 2910 along axial output radiation.Figure 32 illustrates a kind of possible radiation pattern, can collide being with in the chamber from outlet opening 3002, and it can be obtained by this similar round polarization assembly 2600.Figure 33 shows a kind of radiation pattern that can obtain from a row circular polarizer assembly 2600 outlet openings 3002.Notice that this only is in a plurality of possible array structures one, it can comprise: the outlet opening of the outlet opening of different quantities, the circular polarizer of different orientation, different size, dissimilar radiator structures or the like.
In an embodiment, a structure that is associated with outlet opening 3002 can be a corner antenna 3402, as shown in figure 34.In this embodiment, corner antenna 3402 is shown as taper, and can make the collision radiation field more even thus.Figure 35 shows a kind of possible radiation pattern, can collide being with the chamber 2910 from outlet opening 3002,, this can be caused by this taper horn antenna 3402.Figure 36 shows a kind of alternative constructions of utilizing the taper horn antenna, wherein is provided with oval barrier film 3404 between taper horn antenna 3402 and rectangular waveguide device 2902.Figure 37 shows a kind of possible radiation pattern, can collide being with in chamber 2910 from the outlet opening of such alternative constructions.
In a plurality of embodiment, a kind of structure relevant with outlet opening 3002 can be oval horn antenna 3902, as shown in figure 38.In the case, the ratio of width to height of oval horn antenna 3902 is 2: 1.Figure 39 illustrates a kind of possible radiation pattern, can be from 2910 interior being with of outlet opening 3002 collision chambers, and it can obtain from the oval horn antenna 3902 of this class.Figure 40 shows a kind of radiation pattern that can obtain from the oval horn antenna outlet opening of row 3002, and wherein two outlet opening 3002V are vertical orientated in the drawings, and the 3rd outlet opening 3002H then is horizontal alignment.Notice that this only is in a plurality of possible array structures one, it can comprise: the oval horn antenna of the outlet opening of different quantities, different directions, the outlet opening of different size, dissimilar radiator structures or the like.Can how to change an example of radiation pattern as the size of radiator, Figure 41 shows the radiation pattern that the ratio of width to height is 1.5: 1 an oval horn antenna.When the place in Figure 41 begins display separation, note the difference of the pattern between Figure 39 and Figure 41.
In a plurality of embodiment, a structure relevant with outlet opening 3002 can be parabolic antenna 4202, as shown in figure 42.In this embodiment, the rectangular waveguide device is shown as along the planar orientation of chamber 2910, and ends at parabola shaped reflecting surface, is the opening of outlet opening 3002 below this surface.In this configuration, the radiation of advancing downwards along rectangular waveguide device 2902 can be drawn out in the chamber by the opening in arrival exit hole 3002.In addition, radiation can be reflected and leave the surface of parabolic antenna 4202 and enter chamber 2910.Figure 43 show a kind of can getable radiation pattern, as colliding being with in the chamber 2910 from outlet opening 3002, this can be obtained by such parabolic antenna 4202.Notice how radiation pattern is evened up on the propagation direction, the zone that arrival exit hole 3002 immediate area are outer.
In a plurality of embodiment, the structure relevant with outlet opening 3002 can be the parabolic antenna with parabolic surface 4202 of extension, as Figure 44.In this embodiment, the rectangular waveguide device is shown as along the planar orientation of chamber 2910, and ends at the parabola shaped reflecting surface of extension, is the opening of outlet opening 3002 under this surface.In this configuration, the radiation of advancing downwards along rectangular waveguide device 2902 can be drawn out in the chamber by the opening in arrival exit hole 3002.In addition, the radiation surface of the parabolic antenna 4202 that leaves extension that can be reflected, and enter chamber 2910.Figure 45 show a kind of can getable radiation pattern, as colliding being with in the chamber 2910 from outlet opening 3002, this can obtain from the parabolic antenna 4202 of such extension.
Although some embodiment has been used to set forth obtainable radiating possibility pattern to solid fuel, but it should be understood that, in a plurality of structures any one comprises the array 3000 of multiple shape radiator can be used to help to set up the radiation pattern that collides on the solid fuel.Although should also be understood that to change the power density that power level may influence radiator structure, the shape of distributing can keep identical.In addition, the energy distribution in the solid fuel can be used as the solid fuel distribution shape, be transferred to radiating compound shape on the solid fuel, the function of coupled pattern or the like and changing.
In an embodiment, the validity of system and efficient can be monitored, for example the temperature of monitoring solids fuel, reflected radiation of measuring to the input voltage of magnetron 1800t, the power loss by the waveguide assembly assembly, the transmission yield of radiation of measuring by the power coupler in the waveguide assembly, by the power coupler near the waveguide assembly outlet opening or the like.In addition, solid fuel can influence the radiation of absorption in the distribution on 600, for example solid-fuelled thickness, solid-fuelled density, the screening washer that is adopted or grid,, solid-fuelled particle size and spatial distribution or the like.Therefore, the power input of system be can be used as with the function of the distribution of the solid coal on 600 and be conditioned.
Figure 19 shows the high voltage supply facility of magnetron 1800.Offer hole magnetron 1800 by lead and carry out the high pressure DC 1902 that solid fuel handles and can be high pressure, for example 5,000VDC, 10,000VDC, 20,000VDC, 50,000VDC or the like.In an embodiment, the highly compressed typical range can be 20,000-30,000VDC.This high pressure DC 1902 can obtain from electric power facility, and form is single-phase or polyphase alternating current (AC) power 180 voltages, and is converted to high pressure DC 1902 by high pressure input transmission facilities 182.The electric power facility of supply AC voltage power 180 for example can be the facility of public operation, also can be the facility of operating privately.The AC voltage power 180 that is provided by electric power facility can be 120VAC, 240VAC, 480VAC, 1000VAC, 14,600VAC, 25,000VAC or the like.In a plurality of embodiment, the exemplary voltages of field by using can be 160kV AC, and can typically be three-phase.The electric poor efficiency of high pressure input transmission facilities 182 necessary facility AC voltage power 180 is converted to the high pressure DC1902 that magnetron adopts owing to have, owing to can cause some electric power loss.Can wish to reduce these electric power loss relevant, so that will reduce to minimum with the operational cost of solid fuel treatment facility 132 related facilities with high pressure input transmission facilities 182.Can utilize a plurality of embodiment in the structure of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.
Figure 20 shows transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000, and it is an embodiment of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.Transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 can be 14 in the present embodiment with high pressure AC power 180, and 600VAC directly is converted to magnetron 1800 desired high pressure DC 1902, and in a plurality of embodiment, this can be 20,000VDC.By the high pressure AC power supplies is directly changed into high pressure DC 1902, can eliminate some intermediate steps, this can allow power efficiency to be improved, and therefore reduces the running cost of solid fuel treatment facility 132.In an embodiment, filtering procedures can comprise and adopt transformer that facility high pressure AC power 180 progressively is reduced to low pressure AC, and rectification to be producing low voltage DC, and then DC adjusted back to gradually the process of the desired high pressure DC of magnetron 1902A with booster converter.By eliminating these intermediate stages in the high pressure input transmission facilities 182, efficient and reliability all are improved, and have also reduced fund and maintenance cost simultaneously.
The fs of transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 introduces high pressure AC power 180 and it is transmitted by the high current breaker 2002 of high speed (being also referred to as interruptor sometimes).Isolating switch is the automatic electric switch of operation, and it is designed to holding circuit can be because of overload or short circuit and destroyed.For each of input high pressure AC power supplies power 180 isolating switch 2002 of a high electric current of high speed is set mutually from this facility.The isolating switch 2002 of the high electric current of this high speed should be enough fast, thereby the short circuit condition in transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 is opened circuit when taking place, with the electric distribution system of protection facility.The isolating switch of the high electric current of this high speed can provide electrical isolation and the protection to the electric distribution system of facility, otherwise can be provided as transformer 2102 by miscellaneous part.Adopt high current breaker 2002 instead of transformers 2102 of high speed can allow to obtain bigger electrical power efficiency, because transformer 2102 is because poor efficiency can cause electric power loss, the high current breaker of high speed then can not.The high current breaker 2002 of this high speed also can be used for the magnetron 1800 in the securing system.The fluctuation of voltage or spike can be disintegrated the electric field of magnetron 1800.This can cause system loss to be delivered to solid-fuelled microwave power, and may cause magnetron destroyed.
The subordinate phase of transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 is introduced from the high pressure AC 2010 of the high current breaker output of high speed and with it and is transmitted by the rectifier stage 2004, and it converts high pressure DC 1902 at this.Rectifier 2004 is an electric installation, comprises that being set to the AC voltage transitions is one or more semiconductor device of dc voltage, for example diode, thyratron, and SCRs, IGBTs, or the like.The output of very simple rectifier 2004 can be described as half-AC electric current, and it is filtered into subsequently and is DC.Actual rectifier 2004 can be half-wave, all-wave, unidirectional bridge, three-phase 3 pulses, three-phase 6 pulses or the like, and it is at the residual AC ripple that reduces with the various amounts of the fashionable generation of filter bank.The output high pressure DC1902 of the rectifier 2004 that obtains also can be adjustable, for example by changing the firing angle of SCR.The high pressure DC 1902 of this output can be adjusted to the largest peaks in theory of input AC voltage power 180.As an example, 14, the input AC power voltage 180 of 600VAC can meet the demands in theory 20,000VDC.If high pressure DC 1902 satisfies to the requirement of the input high pressure DC 1902A of magnetron 1800, then final 2008 stages of DC-DC umformer as shown in phantom in Figure 20 can not need.Because the efficient of DC-DC transmodulator may be 80%, 85%, 95% or the like, by eliminating the needs to them, can obtain the further electrical power efficiency to solid fuel treatment facility 132.
If desired, the phase III of transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 is DC-DC umformers 2008.In this embodiment, may still need to be arranged on the DC-DC umformer 2008 between 2004 stages of rectifier and the magnetron 1800, if not high enough, be difficult to satisfy the requirement of the high pressure DC 1902A input of magnetron 1800 from the high pressure DC 1902 of rectifier output.DC-DC umformer 2008 is circuit, and it is another voltage with the DC source from a voltage transitions.Generally speaking, the mode that the DC-DC transmodulator is changed is to reach certain hour by applying dc voltage by inductor block or transformer, and for example in the scope of 100kHz to 5MHz, this causes electric current to flow through it and stored energy magnetically.Can turn off voltage then, make the energy of having stored transfer to voltage output in check mode.By the ratio of by-pass cock time, even also adjustable output voltage when current requirements changes.In this embodiment, the needs of DC-DC umformer can be depending on the voltage levvl of the high pressure AC power supplies power 180 of supply.For example, 12, the 740VAC facility distributes under the situation of voltage power 180, and rectifier 2004 available maximum high-voltage DC 1902 are less than 18,000VDC.If the high pressure DC 1902A that magnetron 1800 requires is 20,000VDC then in this embodiment, needs 2008 stages of DC-DC umformer that voltage is risen to higher voltage DC 802A to satisfy the requirement of magnetron 1800.
Comprise that in transformerless power conversion facility 2000 the high current breaker of high speed also can protect the electric system of electric power facility that non-electric fault does not take place in solid fuel treatment facility 132.Except because equipment failure and the origination point short circuit, because the electric fields in the magnetron 1800 disintegrate, the magnetron 1800 power down arc that may break.The condition of this disconnection electric arc can cause the current spikes from the electric system of facility to flow.In an embodiment, the high current breaker of high speed can protect the electric system of facility to avoid the injury of high fault current.An example that can cause magnetron 1800 to disconnect the condition of electric arc is that excessive reflective power is got back to magnetron 1800.Usually have during operation and reflect back into magnetron 1800, the circulator (shield retaining) of magnetron 1800 is designed to power absorption by will reflection in round-robin water in circulator, and protection magnetron 1800 is not subjected to the injury by this reflective power.In certain embodiments, band facility 130 is equipped with beam splitter and escapes into any microwave energy the circulator will separate from application device.Circulator can be the non-reciprocating apparatus of passive type, and it adopts three or more ports along specific direction Transmission Microwave energy.In addition, circulator can be used to prevent the microwave reflection energy from magnetron, prevent magnetron superheated or mode hopping.Shield retaining also can be a circulator, and attached in the port have an absorbing load, is used for transmission and produces and be transferred to load terminal port and absorbed reflected energy from magnetron.
Yet the fault of circulator can cause magnetron 1800 disconnected power down arcs.Although therefore system is designed to tolerate reflective power, intrasystem fault still can cause the current spikes relevant with magnetron 1800 disconnected power down arcs to flow.This is an example that possible cause flowing out rapidly from the electric system of facility the condition of electric current.Under any high current condition of the several cycles that continue to surpass 60Hz, the fault that the power distribution system of entry device can experience can cause circuit breaker trip potentially may be to get back to the facility power generation capacity backward by the distribution and the transmission system of facility always.Even the variation of the product flow in the solid fuel treatment facility 132 can cause big reflection and cause electric arc to break.May causing rapidly, the another kind of failure situations of effusive high electric current is conspicuous to those skilled in the art.This and all other high current fault situations can be eliminated when having the high current breaker of high speed.Transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 can provide maximum electrical power efficiency and fault protection, and reason is to eliminate or reduced poor efficiency in the high pressure input transmission facilities 182.
Figure 21 shows the high pressure input transmission facilities 2100 that has transformer, and it is an embodiment of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.Be used for dividing for three steps carried out this power conversion architecture that high pressure DC is sent to magnetron 1800.In first step, high voltage AC power 180 is converted to low voltage AC 2010 by transformer 2102.Transformer 2102 can be an electric installation of energy being transferred to another circuit from a circuit by magnetic coupling.Transformer 2102 comprises two or more coupled coil winding, and also can have magnetic core with the concentration magnetic flux.In Figure 21, the AC voltage power 180 of input is applied on the coil that is called as main coil, has produced time dependent magnetic flux in core, and its guiding AC voltage 2010 is called as in the coil of sw to another.Transformer 2102 is used to change between voltage, changes impedance, and the electrical isolation between the circuit is provided.For example, high pressure AC power supplies power 180 inputs among Fig. 2 can be 14,600VAC, and low pressure AC 2010 outputs can be 480VAC.Can difference except these AC voltages, they still be electrically insulated from each other.Transformer 2102 can be a single phase transformer, a plurality of single phase transformers, one group of transformer of combination, polyphase transformer or the like.Further, transformer can be provided by electric power facility.Transformer can have the electric power poor efficiency that is associated with conversion from a voltage to another voltage, and this poor efficiency can be relevant with the voltage and current of transformer 2102 input and output.
In second step of high pressure input transmission facilities 2100 configurations that have transformer, 2010 process 2004 stages of rectifier of low pressure AC are to produce low voltage DC 1902 of equal value.As an example, the input AC voltage 2010 of 480VAC can produce the output dc voltage 1902 up to 677VDC in theory.The voltage of 677VDC can be enough to provide the high pressure DC needs of magnetron.In the case, can require to carry out 2008 stages of the 3rd DC-DC umformer, adopt the low voltage DC 1902 of DC-DC umformer 2008 devices of self-rectifying in the future 2004 progressively to be elevated to the high pressure DC 1902A of requirement in this stage.
The embodiment that has a high pressure input transmission facilities 2100 of transformer can utilize the standard three-phase that can obtain from facility, the advantage of low voltage transformer layout structure.An example of this layout structure is the transformer of three-phase, 4 lines, 480/277V, and it can provide electric power to building and commercial centre usually.480V is used to the motor that turns round, and 277V then is used to the luminescent lamp of operational facilities.For the simple and easy outlet of 120V, can require independent transformer, it can provide from the circuit of 480V.Other examples of the three-phase voltage of standard can utilize 575-600V, but not 480V, it can reduce the needs to 2008 stages of the 3rd DC-DC umformer.These examples are not restrictive, and to those skilled in the art, other structures are conspicuous.Utilize the application transformer of standard can eliminate in the facility needs, and can therefore reduce the initial cost of this embodiment specific installation.Yet it may be undesirable reducing AC voltage and change the relevant operand power loss of rising dc voltage again conversely with transformation, because this can increase the operational cost of solid fuel treatment facility.
Figure 22 shows the transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2200 of band inductor block, and it is a kind of modification of transformerless power conversion facility 2000 previously discussed, is an embodiment of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.This embodiment is similar to transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000, because it does not have transformer 2102, but imports high pressure AC power supplies power to protect by the high current breaker of high speed, and high pressure AC power supplies power is directly inputted in the rectifier 2004.The same with the situation in transformerless power conversion facility 2000, the high pressure DC 1902 of rectifier 2004 outputs is enough, thereby can not need DC-DC umformer 2008.A purpose of the high current breaker 2002 of transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2000 high speeds is that the electric distribution system to facility provides protection under the situation about being short-circuited in solid fuel treatment facility 132.Usually the response faster that provides than power supply facility isolating switch can be provided the high current breaker 2002 of high speed.Owing to lack isolating transformer, quicker may the needs.The transless high pressure input transmission facilities 2200 of band inductor block provides another kind of short circuit protection component, promptly with magnetron 1800 placed in-line high current inductors 2202.Inductor block 2202 makes the short circuit time of response slack-off, sufficient response is provided, opens and protects the time of public electrical power trans mission/distribution system for the low-speed applications isolating switch of standard application.Inductor block under the DC condition does not influence circuit, and serves as the actual short in the circuit.If but when having short circuit condition in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, inductor block will work and the current-responsive that slows down, and delay the influence of short circuit.This delays can allow to obtain the competent time, thereby the standard application isolating switch can be utilized, and this can eliminate the needs to quick breaker 2002.
Figure 23 shows the direct current DC high pressure input transmission facilities 2300 that has transformer, and it is an embodiment of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.This power conversion architecture that high pressure DC 1902 is transported to magnetron 1800 is carried out in two steps.In first step, can adopt transformer 2102 that high voltage AC power 180 can progressively be increased or reduce as required.The input and output voltage of transformer is than being determined by the output high pressure DC 1902 that obtainable input high pressure AC power supplies power and desired magnetron 1800 adopt.In second step, the high pressure AC 2010 that exports from transformer 2102 is transmitted through 2004 stages of rectifier.Rectifier 2004 is converted to magnetron 1800 desired high pressure DC1902 with the high pressure AC 2010 of input.Can select the voltage ratio of transformer 2102 and the output of rectifier 2004 is regulated based on the high pressure AC power supplies power 180 of input and the requirement that outputs to the high pressure DC 1902 of magnetron 1800.For example, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be in the high pressure AC power supplies 180 distribution voltages 80 that can obtain the facility supply, the geographic area of 000VAC.If magnetron 1800 requires 20, the high pressure DC 1902 of 000VDC, the high pressure DC 2010 that then is input to rectifier 2004 can be selected as producing the minimum output voltage fluctuation, perhaps rectifier 2004 are had the voltage levvl of maximum conversion efficiency.The input high pressure DC 2010 of this selection can for example be 16,000VDC.In this embodiment, can be 5: 1 to the transformer ratio of transformer, this represents the main coil of transformer 2102 and the ratio of sw.80, high pressure AC power supplies power 180 inputs of 000VAC can drop to 16, the high pressure AC 2010 of 000VAC subsequently gradually.16, the high pressure AC 910 of 000VAC can convert high pressure DC 1902 to by rectifier 2004 then, and is provided for the magnetron 1800 of solid fuel treatment facility 132.This embodiment also allows to import the greater efficiency that transmission facilities 182 is associated with the high pressure that keeps high pressure to run through, and the fault isolation that is provided by transformer 2102 is provided simultaneously.These are several exemplary embodiments, but those skilled in the art can recognize various modification, and this class modification is by the invention is intended to contain.
Figure 23 shows the high pressure input transmission facilities that has transformer isolation, and it is an embodiment of high pressure input transmission facilities 182.This power alternate arrangement structure that high pressure DC 1902A is transferred to magnetron 1800 utilizes transformer 2102 to make high pressure import electrical isolation in high pressure AC power supplies 180 distribution systems of transmission facilities 182 and facility.In this configuration, transformer 2102 can only serve as Electric insulator, and does not carry out the change of voltage function.High pressure AC power supplies 180 to transformer 2102 inputs has identical voltage with the high pressure AC 2010 that exports from transformer.High pressure AC 2010 does not change as the result of transformer 2102, and the desired function that voltage levvl is changed over high pressure DC 1902A of magnetron 1800 can mainly be finished by DC-DC umformer 2008.High pressure AC 2010 at the transformer output terminal is transmitted through rectifier 2004, and high pressure AC 2010 is converted into high pressure DC 1902 at this.As the result of rectification, the high pressure AC 2010 of the comparable rectifier input terminus of the voltage levvl of high pressure DC 1902 is higher slightly, but can be limited to the amplification of little per-cent.If high pressure DC 1902 does not satisfy magnetron 1800 desired high pressure DC 1902A, then DC-DC umformer 2008 can serve as in the high pressure input transmission facilities 182 provides most of voltage to change the parts of function.In a plurality of embodiment, this configuration can be imported transmission facilities 182 to high pressure a kind of mode is provided, and this mode provides high pressure DC 1902A to magnetron 1800, but with high pressure AC power supplies 180 electrical isolations of facility.Adopt this configuration, can reduce owing to transformer causes the power supply poor efficiency.
In a plurality of embodiment, may be higher to the requirements for power supply power of solid fuel treatment facility 132, and may require hi-line, and for example, the transmission line of 160kV power.This requirements for power supply power can highly must be enough at solid fuel treatment facility 132 on-the-spot design and the structures of adjusting the power supply substation.These power supply substations can be solid fuel treatment facility 132 unique design, so can allow to select preferably to adapt to the high-pressure horizontal of the voltage request of magnetron.In the case, can not need requirement to DC-DC umformer 2008.
In a plurality of embodiment, when transformer 2102 is used in any high-pressure system, related electric security and electric power management circuit system can be set.
Refer again to Fig. 1, when 148 pairs of specific coal treatment station power of microwave system, when frequency and dutycycle, non-product of coal can discharge from coal.Sensing system can be used to determine the ratio of removing of non-product of coal, finishes removing of non-product of coal, environment set, and actual microwave system 148 outputs, or the like.Sensing system 142 can comprise the transmitter at water vapor, ash content, sulphur, volatile matter or other materials that discharge from coal.In addition, sensing system 142 can comprise the transmitter at microwave power, microwave frequency, atmosphere surrounding, coal temperature, chamber temp, line speed, rare gas element or the like.Transmitter can be organized by composition as requested, perhaps can be provided with sensing coal treating processes at interval along band facility 130.For same measured value, a plurality of transmitters can be set.For example, can the water wetness sensor be set, another water wetness sensor also can be set after microwave system 148 stations at place, microwave system 148 stations.In this example, the sensor placement structure can allow the amount of the water vapour that sensing removed from microwave station 148 itself, and the amount of the residuary water steam removed when leaving microwave system station 148 of coal.In being provided with of for example this example, first sensor can be used to have determined whether to adopt suitable power level, frequency and dutycycle, second transmitter can determine whether to carry out redundant microwave system 148 and handles and dewater fully from coal.Can utilize any other transmitter of sensing system 142 to use similar approach.
But parameter control device 140 receiving sensor readings, parameter control device 140 can have the transmitter interface of the transmitter of each type that is adopted at sensing system 142.Parameter control device 140 can read the digital sensor reading, also can read simulated sensor readings.Parameter control device 140 can adopt the umformer (ADC) from analog to digital that any analog reading is converted to digital format.After the receiving sensor data, parameter control device 140 can be sent to sensor reading controller 144 and monitoring facility 134.Controller 144 can use sensor reading to show actual coal processing data on its user interface, be used at the interface seeing data and and the contrast situation of actual set, and manual manipulation is to obtaining appropriate operational parameters.
In exemplary embodiment, monitor and control facility 134 can receive actual coal processing data and itself and the coal processing parameter that requires are compared to determine whether the coal treating processes has obtained coal desired characteristic 122.Monitoring facility 134 can keep at least two group coal processing parameters, target component that is provided by parameter generating facility 128 and the actual coal processing data that is provided by parameter controller 140.Monitoring facility 134 can more desired parameter and actual parameter determine that coal handles operating parameters and whether obtain coal desired characteristic 122.Described parameter generating facility 128 also can provide to monitoring facility 134 must be by one group of tolerance of coal treating processes maintenance, to obtain coal desired characteristic 122.Monitoring facility 134 can adopt one group of algorithm to determine whether to carry out any operating parameters adjustment.Algorithm can compare real sensor 142 data, and elementary operation parameter and operating parameters tolerance are determined any adjustment to operating parameters.
In addition, monitoring facility 134 can receive the final coal data of handling from feedback facility 174, and feedback facility 174 can contain the data from coal output parameter 172 facilities to test facilities 170.Monitoring facility 134 algorithms can be used from the data of feedback facility 174 receptions and adjust coal from the process data that sensing system 142 receives and handle operating parameters.
Monitoring facility 134 can be adjusted in the operating parameters of band facility 130 one or all in real time.
After monitoring facility 134 was adjusted operating parameters, monitoring facility 134 can save as new operating parameters with the operating parameters through adjusting, and then this new operating parameters is sent to controller 144.
Controller 144 can be determined to receive at least one new operating parameters from monitoring facility 134, and can be sent in each band facility 130 devices that can comprise microwave system 148 by the operating parameters that this is new.
The aforementioned operating parameters that provides is provided, sensing actual treatment value, explain the actual treatment value, adjust operating parameters on request, and the operating parameters that will adjust is sent to band facility 130, and some embodiment can provide the condition in the coal treating processes for a change and carry out the continuously adjustable real-time feedback system.
The people of capable domain knowledge should be appreciated that the above-mentioned feedback system of b can be applied in any system and facility of band facility 130.
In exemplary coal treating processes, non-product of coal can gas from coal or the mode of liquid discharge.Removal system 150 can be responsible for shifting out non-product of coal from band facility 130; Non-product of coal can be removed by removal system 150, water for example, and ash content, sulphur, hydrogen, hydroxyl volatile matter, or the like.Removal system 150 and controller 144 can receive the heat transfer agent of the volume of the relevant non-product of coal that can discharge from sensing system 142 from the coal treating processes.
Band can be provided with in the facility 130 more than one removal system 150 to remove gas and/or liquid.For example, can a water vapor be set at place, microwave system 148 stations and remove system 150, collect the surplus water steam that can after microwave system 148 stations, continue to discharge after microwave system 148 stations and another removal system 150 is set.Perhaps, in another example, water vapor can be removed by a removal system 150, and another removal system 150 can remove deash, sulphur or other materials.
Controller 144 can provide operating parameters with control fan speed, pump speed or the like to removal system 150.Removal system 150 can utilize and the similar feedback system of aforementioned microwave system 148 feedback systems.In such feedback, transmitter can provide information to parameter controller 140 and monitoring facility 134, real-time feedback to be provided and to remove non-product of coal effectively to removal system 150.
Removal system 150 can collect coals from band facility 130 and handle gas and the liquid that discharges, and the non-product of coal that will collect is transferred to and held in the facility 162.Holding facility 162 can collect non-product of coal from band facility 130, and packing into, at least one holds in jar or the container.Monitoring facility 134 can monitor and hold facility 162 with the level of determining non-product of coal with this information can be provided this user interface that this user interface can be seen at the computer installation place that inserts solid fuel treatment facility 132.When monitoring facility 134 also can determine to hold facility 162 is very full, should be with the substance transfer adorned in jar and the container to handling in the facility 160.
Referring to Figure 17, handling a solid-fuelled result in solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be the water that discharges water vapour form and/or liquid form from solid fuel.When there are some surface waters in solid fuel, also can capture water in the solid fuel inside configuration, it can discharge when solid fuel is heated by microwave energy.When solid fuel formed before millions of years, the water that captures in solid fuel just existed.When water is released, passes solid-fuelled each hole and can filter the water vapor that is discharged naturally.In one embodiment, the moisture that is discharged can be drinkable, therefore can be used as tap water, be discharged in the environment, and as the water coolant in the solids treatment facility 132, or the like.
No matter what the end-use of the drinkable water that discharged is, before being used in other purposes again, the water that is discharged need be captured, condensation and processing (for example filtering).In one embodiment, can enter into inlet by the air cycle that will contain the water vapor gas that discharges to some extent and remove from the solid fuel treatment zone then, can catch water vapour.In one embodiment, water vapor is capable of circulation to condensation facility 1704 places, and water vapor can be cooled and condensation is called liquid water at this.
Before water vapor condensation and/or afterwards, filtration facility 1702 can be set removing residual solid fuel material (for example solid fuel particle, sulphur, metal), these retained materials are may water vapor entrained during discharging from solid fuel.In one embodiment, condensation facility 1704 can comprise filtration facility 1702, and perhaps filtration facility 1702 can be independent facility.In one embodiment, when water vapor is transported to condensation facility 1704, air filter can be set, it can remove macrobead from water vapor gas.Air filter can be made of element, paper, cotton or the other materials of foam, fan-fold paper, the glass fibre that is spun into, fiber, static electrification lotus, and it will and allow water vapor to continue to enter on the condensation facility 1704 except that degranulation.
In one embodiment, condensation facility 1704 can receive water vapor and adopt water condenser to remove from air and anhydrate; Condenser can adopt liquor, absorbent material (for example silica gel or activated alumina), package convection current or other to remove the method for anhydrating from air to absorb water vapor.Water condenser can be transported to water of condensation in another filtration facility 1702, and liquid water can be further filtered at this.The filter type that is adopted can be determined by the end-use of water.For example, if water will be used as tap water 1710, then strainer can comprise that activated carbon is to remove subparticle and other pollutents.If water will be used as the cooling liqs of solid fuel treatment facility 132, water can only accept to remove the particulate filtration that may destroy cooling system.
In one embodiment, the dry air 1712 that obtains from the condensation facility can be cycled back to the solid fuel treatment facility and be used as the dry air that absorbs more water vapors.In this way, air circulates in closed loop system, and wherein air is used for absorbing the water vapor that discharges from solid fuel, and water vapor is transported to filtration facility 1702 and condensation facility 1704, will be recycled then to absorb more moisture moisture.
With discharging water vapor, solid fuel also can discharge liquid water, or liquid water can be condensed on the surface of wall, floor and the top ceiling of solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, Ye Tai water can be collected in jar facility.Liquid water can be transported to the aforesaid drainage facility from this jar facility.
In one embodiment, after water treatment is finished, can be bottled to carrying out as the water of tap water 1710, use in that the solid fuel treatment facility is inner, transportation (for example passing through pipeline transportation) to local water supply system (for example cities and towns potable water system), or the like.
In one embodiment, after finishing water treatment, will be used for solid fuel treatment facility 132 refrigerative water and can be used to put out the thermal anomaly solid fuel, the expansion of control thermal anomaly solid fuel, be recycled to cooled roller/belt wheel 1502, be used for cooled microwave system 148, or the like.In this embodiment, water can be recycled in the described solid fuel treatment facility continuously, is used for cooling, is cooled in heat exchange facility facility 1708 again then, is cycled back to described solid fuel treatment facility cooling system afterwards.
In one embodiment, after water treatment was finished, water can be discharged into streams, river, river, sea, ocean, local waste water system or the like and enter environment.
Refer again to Fig. 1, treatment facility 160 can be responsible for separating the non-product of coal of various collections, and these non-products of coal can co-exist in and hold in 162 jars of facilities or the container.In one embodiment, can during coal is handled, will be collected in and hold in facility jar or the container more than one non-product of coal.For example, during a microwave system 148 was handled, ash content can discharge with water and sulphur, thereby the product of collecting can comprise the ash content that coexists with water and/or sulphur.
Treatment facility 160 can receive non-product of coal to be separated into independent product from holding facility 162.Treatment facility 160 can adopt a plurality of filtrations and separating treatment, can comprise deposition, and flocculation is centrifugal, filter, and distillation, chromatographic separation, electrophoresis, extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, sedimentation, classification is freezing, screening, selection by winnowing or the like.
Monitoring facility 134 can monitor that treatment facility 160 carries out suitable operation and separates.The transmitter that treatment facility 160 can have himself is to deliver to data monitoring facility 134 or treatment facility 160 available sensors systems 142 monitor treating processes.
In case treatment facility 160 is separated into each product with non-product of coal, each product can be transferred in the disposal facility 158, to remove from solid fuel treatment facility 132.Monitoring facility 132 can monitor that disposal facility 158 product levels should disposable product to determine when.Monitoring facility 134 can provide the information with treatment facility to offer user interface in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.The disposal of carrying out from disposal facility 158 can comprise and discharge harmless product (for example water and steam), and garbage loading embeading (land file) shifts (for example ash content), and sell goods are perhaps based on the disposal of business expenditure.In one embodiment, the non-product of coal of collecting at disposal facility 158 places can be used for other enterprises (for example sulphur).
Finish after band is handled in the facility 130 when coal, can advance to cooling infrastructure 164, in this may command with the cooling of coal from the treatment temp to the envrionment temperature.Handling solid-fuelled cooling leaving band facility 130 back, may the maximum solid-fuelled stability of processing in heaps and prevent focus.Be similar to band facility 130, cooling infrastructure 164 can adopt the pilot-gas atmosphere, haulage system, transmitter, or the like control the cooling of coal.Can control the cooling of coal, for example prevent to absorb moisture again and/or prevent other chemical reactions that other may take place in process of cooling.Controller 144 can be used to keep cooling infrastructure 164 systems and facility, transfer rate for example, gas atmosphere, speed of cooling, airflow or the like.Cooling infrastructure 164 can adopt the identical facility of real-time feedback system that is adopted with aforementioned band facility 130 to come the red-tape operati parameter.In one embodiment, can adopt cooling forwarder transportation, expose in the forced ventilation, expose in its temperature chemical substance of reduction that is applied to solid-fuelled surface, pass cooling gas the solid-fuelled cooling of handling, or the like carry out.For example, the cooling forwarder can have cooling surface, so that heat is left the solid fuel of having handled.
Discharging facility 168 can receive the coal of finally handling from cooling infrastructure 164 and band facility 130.Discharging facility 168 can have input section, transition section and adapter section, and it can receive and control the flow and the volume of the coal that can come out from solid fuel treatment facility 132.Finally handled coal and can leave solid fuel treatment facility 132 and enter coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212 transports facility 214, coal storage facility 218, or the like.Discharging facility 168 can have for example travelling belt 300 of feed system, advances feeder or the like finished product can have been handled coal and is fed to external position from solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Based on the operating parameters that controller 144 provides, discharging facility 168 has been handled the volumetric ratio of coal from the finished product of may command band facility 130 outputs.The speed of the parameter change discharging facility that discharging facility 168 can provide according to controller 144.
In addition, discharging facility 168 can be to providing test facilities 170 to provide specimen to detect the final coal of processing.But the selection automatic or manual of coal sample is selected; The selection of coal can be carried out by pre-determined number, carries out at random, carry out according to statistical way, or the like.
Coal test facilities 170 can detect final processing coal characteristic, and this is final handles coal characteristic and will compare the final quality test that is used as handling coal with coal desired characteristic 122.Test facilities can be positioned at solid fuel treatment facility 132 localities, away from solid fuel treatment facility 132, perhaps can be the commercialization coal test laboratories of standard.In Fig. 1, the test facilities that illustrate are in this locality of described solid fuel treatment facility.Can comprise moisture percentage, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent to the available coal characteristic of test of finally having handled coal, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.Available standards is tested the coal of testing final processing, standard test for example is ASTM standard D 388 (" coal rank classification "), ASTM standard D 2013 (" coal sampling preparation method "), ASTM standard D 3180 (" from measured coal and coke analytical calculation standard implementation rules ") to different compounds, US Geological Survey 1823 (" sampling of coal and inorganic analysis method "), or the like.
In case test facilities 170 have finally been handled the characteristic of coal after measured, this characteristic can be transferred into coal output parameter facility 172 and/or provide with the shipment of finally having handled coal.The service performance that can allow to know coal characteristic and adjustment coal with the test characteristic that provides of shipment with the coal facility with finally handled coal characteristic to coupling.
With coal desired characteristic facility 122 similar ground, but coal output parameter facility 170 storage characteristics data coals, in this case for finally having handled coal characteristic.Coal output parameter facility 172 can be each computer installation or a sets of computer device are identified coal with storage a final expectation coal characteristic.Computer installation can be a desktop computer, server, and Web server, laptop computer, the CD device, the DVD device, hard disk driver system, or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.
Coal output parameter facility 172 can comprise the data of collection, its can be database, relational database, XML, RSS, ascii text file, flat file, text, or the like.In one embodiment, the hope data characteristic of coal can be retrieved and fetch to coal output parameter facility 172.
The number of the specimen that provides according to discharging facility 168 and test facilities 170 can have a plurality of coal output parameters that are stored in the coal output parameter facility 172.
After receiving each coal characteristic data logging from test facilities 170, coal output parameter facility 172 can be stored the data of this reception and/or the coal characteristic data logging that will receive is sent to and feeds back facility 174.Coal output parameter facility 172 can only transmit the coal characteristic data logging of new reception, transmits all data logging that are labeled coal (for example a plurality of test result), transmits by the mean value of the data logging of sign coal, transmit by the statistic data of sign coal, or the like.Coal output parameter facility 172 can be sent to any combination of described data logging feedback facility 174.
Feedback facility 174 can receive the coal output parameter from coal output parameter facility 172.Feedback facility 174 can be an one computer installation or a sets of computer device are identified coal with storage a final expectation coal characteristic.Computer installation can be a desktop computer, server, and Web server, laptop computer, the CD device, the DVD device, hard disk driver system, or the like.Computer installation can all relative to each other be positioned at this locality or can be distributed on the many computer installations that are in remote location.Computer installation can or use the network of the other types of wired or wireless technology to connect by LAN, WAN, Internet, Intranet, P2P.
Feedback facility 174 can identify the data of coal to the quilt that 172 inquiries of coal output parameter facility are just being handled in solid fuel treatment facility 132.In a plurality of embodiment, when monitoring facility 134 requires data, when coal output parameter facility 172 sends new record or the like, the timed interval that feedback facility 174 can be set periodically inquires to coal output parameter facility 172.
Feedback facility 174 can only receive the coal characteristic data logging of new reception, can receive all datas that identified coal records (for example a plurality of test data), receives by the mean value of the data logging of sign coal, receive by the statistic data of sign coal or or the like.Feedback facility 174 can have the final processing coal characteristic that total receives, with its algorithm as the input value that is sent to monitoring facility 134.Feedback facility 174 can be with final coal characteristic data logging, and all data that be identified coal writes down (for example a plurality of test result), is identified the mean value of the data logging of coal, identified coal statistical number or or the like be sent to monitoring facility 134.
Coal output parameter facility 172 can be sent to coal characteristic in the price trading facilities 178.Price trading facilities 178 can be determined the price and cost handled to the coal of finally having handled coal from the raw coal that receives.Price trading facilities 178 can obtain the coal data of reception from coal sample data facility 120, and this facility can be stored the cost (for example cost of coal per ton) of received coal.Price trading facilities 178 can obtain data from coal output parameter facility 172, and described coal output parameter facility 172 can comprise the data relevant with the coal processing cost.Price trading facilities 178 can have application software, and this application software can be determined the final price of the coal handled based on the cost data that obtains from coal sample data facility 120 and coal output parameter facility 172 and obtain.
As shown in Figure 2, some aspect of coal application is consistent with handling at 132 pairs of coals of solid fuel treatment facility.As mentioned above, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can improve the quality of coal, and coal is more suitable in various uses.In a plurality of embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can wrap output facility 168, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be sent to as described in Figure 2 those application facility places by it.In a plurality of embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise test facilities 170 as detailed above.As previously mentioned, the result of the coal that detects in test facilities 170 can be transferred into those application facility places as described in Figure 2, so that application facility can be utilized the specific properties of the coal of handling according to system and method as herein described better.
Fig. 2 shows the exemplary installation that can utilize the coal of being handled by system and method described herein, include but not limited to the coal storage facility 202 of coal combustion facility 200 and incendivity coal, coal conversion facilities 210, the coal storage facility 218 that coal by-products facility 212, coal transport facility 214 and load coal in transit.In a plurality of embodiment, coal from discharging facility 168 by shipping or be transported to and use the coal facility.Should be appreciated that solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be close to uses the coal facility, perhaps both can be mutually away from.
Referring to Fig. 2, can in coal combustion facility 200, carry out by the burning of coal that system and method described herein is handled.Coal combustion 200 be included in carry out coal under the existence of oxygen high-temp combustion to produce light and heat.Before the fever burning, coal must be heated to kindling temperature.The kindling temperature of coal is the kindling temperature of fixed carbon composition.The kindling temperature of the volatile constituent of coal is higher than the kindling temperature of fixed carbon.During burning, vaporized product is distilled out.When the burning beginning, there is the heat of the oxidation generation of flammable carbon can under appropriate condition, keep sufficiently high temperature, to support burning.The coal that uses in coal combustion 200 facilities can transport directly to the use facility, perhaps can be stored in the storage facility 202 relevant with coal combustion 200 facilities.
As shown in Figure 2, coal combustion 200 can provide generating 204.Power generation system comprises fixed bed firing system 220, comminuted coal firing system 222, and fluidized bed combustion syste 224 and combined burning system 228, it adopts reproducible energy source to combine with coal combustion.
In a plurality of embodiment, fixed bed 220 systems can use with the coal of handling according to system and method as herein described.Fixed bed 220 systems can adopt agglomerate coal feed, and the size range of coal is about 1-5cm.In fixed bed 220 systems, be heated when coal enters stove, thereby can discharge moisture and volatile materials.Along with coal moves in the quilt zone of lighting, the temperature in the coal bed raises.Many dissimilar fixed beds 220 systems are arranged, comprise static fire grate, underfeed stoker, chain grate, travelling grate and spreader stoker boiler heat-extraction system.Chain type and travelling grate stove and accessory have similar characteristic.Coal cinder is sent on motion fire grate or the chain, and air is drawn through fire grate and passes through coal bed on its top simultaneously.In spreader stoker, high-speed motor is thrown into coal in the stove of motion fire grate top, so that fuel distribution gets is more even.The stoker stove is characterized as being between 1200-1300 degree centigrade and the quite long residence time of flame temperature usually.
Burning in fixed bed 220 systems is relatively more inhomogeneous, so that may intermittently discharge carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxide (" NO during combustion processes x") and volatile matter.Incendiary chemical property and temperature can change on the burning fire grate greatly.SO 2Discharging will depend on the sulphur content of the coal of sending into.Owing to the burning of efficient relative mistake and owing to the oxygen that provides for the carbon content in the coal is limited, residual ash content can have high carbon content (4-5%).It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that specific attribute can allow coal advantageously burning in fixed bed 220 systems.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be designed for the burning of fixed bed 220 systems especially.
In an embodiment, comminuted coal burning (PCC) 222 can be used as the method for the burning 200 of generating 204.As shown in Figure 2, PCC 222 can use with the coal of handling according to system and method described herein.For PCC, coal can broken (pulverizing) become fine powder.Utilize part to be used for the incendiary air coal of pulverizing is blown to boiler by a series of burner nozzle.Also can increase the second stage or third stage air.Each unit is to approach atmospheric pressure work.In temperature is to burn between 1300-1700 degree centigrade the time, and this depends on coal rank.For bituminous coal, temperature of combustion is maintained between 1500-1700 degree centigrade.For the coal of lower grade, this scope is 1300-1600 degree centigrade.The size range that is used in the coal in the comminuted coal processing is from about 10 to 100 microns.The particle residence time typically is 1-5 second, and these particulate sizes must be made such that their perfect combustion in this time.The steam that produces in this treating processes can drive steam driven generator and turbine generates electricity 204.
Comminuted coal combustion unit 222 is configurable wall fire formula or tangential stove fire formula burner.Wall fire formula burner can be installed on the wall of combustion unit, and tangential stove fire formula can be installed on the turning, and flame applies a swirling motion to gas thus towards the center of boiler during burning, thereby makes that air and fuel are mixed more effectively.Boiler can be called as wet bottom boiler or boiler with dry bottom furnace, and this depends on that whether ash content is to fall the bottom or be removed with the solids form of doing with the molten slag form.Advantageously, PCC 222 produces thin flying dust.Usually, PCC 222 can cause the 65%-85% flying dust, and the residue of ash content is the form of thick bottom ash (in boiler with dry bottom furnace) or slag (wet bottom boiler).
In an embodiment, PCC 222 boilers that act as a fuel with hard coal can adopt the downshot burner layout structure, and coal-air mixture is delivered to downwards in the conically shaped body at boiler pedestal place thus.This layout structure allows the longer residence time, and it has guaranteed carbon burning more completely.Another layout structure is known as the honeycomb fashion burner, and it comprises two or three circular burners, and they are combined into the single vertical assembly that produces fine and close strong flame.But the thermal-flame from this burner can cause more NO xForm, make that the advantage of this layout structure is less.
In an embodiment, for the coal with low ash softening point, utilize PCC 222 may have some difficulties, can adopt the cyclone-fired boiler boiler this moment.Cyclone furnace has the burning chamber that is arranged on taper main burner outside.Main combustion air is carried to coal particle in this stove, and second stage air is tangentially injected this whirlwind, thereby forms strong eddy flow, and bigger coal particle is thrown to the furnace wall.Third stage air directly enters the center whirlpool of whirlwind, with center vacuum (central vacuum) and the position of controlling this stove internal combustion zone.Bigger coal particle is trapped in the smelting zone that is covered with the whirlwind internal surface, can be recycled then, so that burn more completely.Burn in the center that less coal particle enters into whirlpool.This system makes and formed heat-flash in stove, so that coal burns under extreme high-temperature.The burning of combustion gases, remnants and flying dust enter into the boiler chamber and burn more completely.Molten ash flows to the bottom of this stove so that remove under action of gravity.
In a cyclone boiler, the ash content of 80-90% is stayed boiler bottom as molten slag, so that the heat transfer section that seldom has flying dust to pass boiler gives off.These boiler operatiopns are in high temperature (more than from 1650 to 2000 degrees centigrade), and employing is near atmospheric pressure.High temperature causes the NO that produces xMore, this is the main drawback of this class boiler.The cyclone firing boiler can use the coal with following some key characteristic: volatile matter is greater than 15% (butt), for the bituminous coal ash oontent between the 6-25% or for the subbituminous coal ash oontent between 4-25%, and for the bituminous coal moisture content less than 20% or for the subbituminous coal moisture content less than 30%.Ash content must have specific slag viscosity characteristic; Ash slag condition particularly important for the function of this class boiler.The fuel of high humidity that can in this class boiler, burn, but need in design to change to some extent.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that special attribute allows coal advantageously burning in PCC 222 systems.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed for the burning in PCC 222 systems.
PCC can be used in combination with subcritical or supercritical steam circulation.The supercritical steam circulation is a kind of critical temperature (374 Fahrenheit degree) of water and steam cycle on the emergent pressure (22.1mPa) of working in, and wherein the water of gas and liquid phase no longer exists.Subcritical systems typically reaches the thermo-efficiency of 33-34%.Supercritical system can reach the thermo-efficiency than the high 3%-5% of subcritical systems.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the thermo-efficiency that improves coal combustion 200 204 costs that can cause generating electricity reduce, because the fuel that needs still less.Thermo-efficiency improves and has also reduced other discharges that produce during the burning, for example SO 2And NO xDischarge.The thermo-efficiency that the old more small-sized equipment of the coal of the low grade of burning has may hang down and reach 30%.For for the relatively large power station of the coal of subcritical steam boiler combustion higher quality, the interval of thermo-efficiency is 35-36%.Utilized the facility of supercritical steam, the scope of its overall thermal efficiency is 43-45%.The maximum thermal efficiency that the maximum thermal efficiency that can reach with the coal of the coal of lower grade and low grade can reach less than the coal with higher level and higher grade.For example, the maximum efficiency that the power station (for example, such power station being arranged in Europe) of a new burning brown coal is estimated can be about 42%, and suitable new bituminous coal power station can reach about 45% maximum thermal efficiency.The supercritical steam power station of use bituminous coal and other optimum construction materials can produce the net thermal efficiency of 45-47%.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can advantageously be designed so that the thermo-efficiency optimization.
In an embodiment, fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) 224 systems can use with the coal of handling according to system and method described herein.The FBC224 system carries out work based on the fluidisation principle, and situation is exactly to make solid-state material have unrestricted flow condition as fluid.When gas was upward through granular bed, air-flow can produce the power that makes particle separated from one another tended to.In FBC 224 systems, coal burns in the not flammable particle of a heat of by the fluidisation pneumatic floating that makes progress.Coal in FBC 224 systems can with sorbent material for example Wingdale mix, this mixture is fluidized during combustion processes, burns completely and removes sulfurous gas so that allow.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific attribute can advantageously be burnt coal in FBC 224 systems.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be designed for burning in FBC 224 systems especially.The exemplary embodiment of FBC 224 systems will be described later in further detail.
For generating 204, FBC 224 systems mainly use with the subcritical steam turbine.Barometric point FBC 224 systems can be boiling types or circulating.Adding pressure type FBC224 system (still being in initial stage research and development sections at present) mainly uses ebullated bed, and can utilize gas and steam turbine to generate electricity in a compound cycle.Thicker coal particle (size is approximately 3mm) can be used relatively.The FBC 224 that is in barometric point can be used for high-ash coal and/or has the coal of variable characteristic.It is between 800-900 degree centigrade that the incendiary temperature takes place, and is significantly less than NO xThe threshold value that forms has lower NO thereby make these systems compare with PCC 222 systems xDischarging.
Ebullated bed has low fluidizing velocity, but makes coal particle be maintained in the dark bed with identified surface of about 1mm.Fall to become more and more hour when coal particle is burned, their finally can be pulled away with the coal gas body, thereby get rid of as flying dust.Circulation bed has been used higher fluidizing velocity, makes coal particle be suspended in the flue gas, and passes main burning chamber and enter in the whirlwind.Bigger coal particle is taken out from gas, and is re-circulated in the burning chamber.Individual particles can be circulated 10-50 time again, and this depends on their combustioncharacteristics.In whole combustion processes, combustion conditions is comparatively consistent, has a large amount of granular mixtures.Although the coal solid is distributed in the entire equipment, still need dense bed propellant combination during burning in the lower stove.For an incendiary bituminous coal, this carbon content is about 1%, and all the other are made of ash content and other mineral substance.
Circulating FBC 224 systems can be designed to the coal of particular type.In an embodiment, these systems are specially adapted to the high-ash coal of inferior grade, and such coal is difficult to by pulverizing and can have variable combustioncharacteristics.In an embodiment, these systems also are useful for the common incendiary coal of refuse that burns in 228 systems with other fuel (biological example mass-energy fuel) or built-up type.In case FBC builds up Unit 224, it can utilize its fuel that should use that has been designed to work most effectively.Can adopt multiple design.The thermo-efficiency of circulation FBC 224 is lower than suitable PCC system usually to a certain extent.The low-grade coal that use has variable characteristic can reduce thermo-efficiency biglyyer.
The coal that FBC 224 in the compression system can be used for low-grade coal and has variable combustioncharacteristics.In compression system, combustion unit and gas whirlwind all are encapsulated in the pressurized vessel, and wherein coal and sorbent material are striden across the pressure boundary and send in the system, and ash content strides across the pressure boundary and is removed.When using hard coal, available 25% water mixes coal and Wingdale and send in the system with paste form.The operating pressure of system can be 1-1.5MPa, and temperature of combustion is between 800-900 degree centigrade.This burning meeting heating steam (as conventional boiler) drives internal combustion turbine but also can produce hot gas.Presser unit is designed to have the thermo-efficiency more than 40%, and has low discharging.In the future each for the FBC system can comprise improve so that thermo-efficiency greater than 50%.
As shown in Figure 2, coal combustion 200 can be used to metallurgical purpose 208, for example melting iron and steel.In certain embodiments, the bituminous coal with some attribute can be suitable for being used for carrying out melting, and need not carry out coking earlier.As an example, the coal that is suitable for use in metallurgical purpose 208 can have for example fusibility of following attribute, and other factors (comprise high fixed carbon content, low ash content (＜5%), low-sulfur, and low calcite (CaCO 3) content) and combination.Has comparable 204 the expensive 15-50% of coal that is used to generate electricity of the coal of the attribute that is fit to metallurgical purpose 208.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that particular community can make coal advantageously burning in metallurgical 208 systems.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be designed for burning in metallurgical 208 systems more especially.
Referring to Fig. 2, the coal of handling with system and method described herein can be used in coal conversion facilities 210.As shown in Figure 2, coal conversion facilities 210 can change into other products with the hydrocarbon polymer of the complexity of coal, and this is to realize by the system that utilization is used for following function, for example, gasification 230, synthetic gas production and transform 234, coking and pure carbon form 238 and hydrocarbon polymer form 240.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific attribute can make coal advantageously be used in coal conversion facilities 210.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be designed for coal conversion facilities 210 more especially.
In an embodiment, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can be used for gasifying 230.Gasification 230 comprises coal is transformed into inflammable gas, volatile materials, burning and mineral residue (ash content/slag).230 systems that gasify are transformed into hydrocarbon fuels material (as coal) by heating under pressure (normally exist under the situation of steam and carry out) its gaseous state composition.The device that carries out this processing is called as gasifier.Gasification 230 is different from burning because its when taking place only limited air or oxygen can use.Therefore, the perfect combustion of sub-fraction fuel is only arranged.Burnt fuel provides heat for gasification 230 processes of remaining fuel.
During gasification 230, most of hydrocarbon polymer feeds (for example coal) are chemically resolved into multiple other materials (being referred to as synthetic gas).Synthetic gas mainly is hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gaseous compounds.Yet based on the type of used feed and the gasification condition of employing, the composition of synthetic gas can be different.Remaining mineral substance can't gasify as carbonaceous material in the feed, and this makes and they can be isolated and get rid of.Sulphur impurity in the coal can form hydrogen sulfide, can produce sulphur or sulfuric acid with hydrogen sulfide.Because gasification takes place, therefore can not form NO usually under reductive condition xBut formation ammonia.If what use during gasification 230 is oxygen rather than air, carbonic acid gas can be created within the concentrated gas steam so, thereby to be separable avoiding enter in the atmosphere as pollutent for it.
Gasification 230 may be able to use those to be difficult to the coal that uses in burning 200 facilities, for example has the coal of high sulfur content or high ash oontent.The pit ash characteristic of using in gasifier can influence the efficient of this treating processes, and this is not still because they have influenced the formation of slag, and because they can influence solid deposition in syngas cooler or the heat exchanger.When being in lesser temps (for example temperature in fixed bed and the fluidized gasification device), will bring some problems if form tar.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that particular community can make coal advantageously be used in gasification 230 facilities.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be by in 230 facilities that are designed for more especially gasifying.
In an embodiment, three class available gasifier systems are arranged: fixed bed, fluidized-bed, and jet flow (entrained flow).Fixed bed unit (not being used for usually generating electricity) is used lumped coal.Fluidized-bed uses the coal that is of a size of 3-6mm.Compare with fluidised bed system (about 900 degrees centigrade), jet unit is used the coal of pulverizing.Jet unit runs on higher service temperature (about 1600 degrees centigrade).
In an embodiment, gasifier can run under the barometric point or can be pressurized.Utilize the gasification of pressurization, can stride across the coal that pressure barrier is introduced feed.Heavy expensive lock hopper system can be used to introduce these coals, and perhaps these coals can be used as based on the slurry of water and send into.By-product stream can be relaxed subsequently, gets rid of so that it is striden across pressure barrier.Internally, being used for the heat exchanger and the gas cleaning unit of synthetic gas also can be pressurized.
Can not comprise burning though people all can understand gasification 230 facilities, however, in certain embodiments, gasification 230 can be used to generating.For example, gasification 230 facilities that generate electricity therein can adopt a kind of integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) 232 systems.In IGCC system 232, the synthetic gas that produces between pneumatolytic stage can be eliminated impurity (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, particulate matter, or the like), and burned to drive internal combustion turbine.In IGCC system 232, also can carry out heat exchange from the discharge gas of gasification, thereby produce the superheated vapour that drives steam turbine with water.Because IGCC system 232 has used two turbines (gaseous combustion turbine and steam turbine) of combination, this system is also referred to as " compound cycle ".Usually, most power (60-70%) come from the internal combustion turbine in this system.Compare with coal combustion systems, IGCC system 232 produces power with higher thermo-efficiency.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that particular community can make coal advantageously be used in IGCC 232 facilities.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can be designed for IGCC 232 facilities more especially.
In an embodiment, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can be used to produce synthetic gas 234 or convert it into multiple other products.For example, the technology of utilizing those skilled in the art to be familiar with, its composition can be used to very wide liquid or gaseous fuel of production range or chemical as carbon monoxide and hydrogen.As another example, the hydrogen that produces between pneumatolytic stage can be used as the fuel of fuel cell, perhaps also may be used for hydrogen turbine or hybrid power fuel cell-turbine system.Separated hydrogen also can be used as the feed of following refinery from gas stream, and this refinery produces the petroleum products of upgrading with hydrogen.
Synthetic gas 234 also can be converted to the various hydrocarbon polymers that can be used as fuel or be used for further handling.For example adopt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, synthetic gas 234 can be condensed into light hydrocarbon.Light hydrocarbon can further be converted into gasoline or diesel oil fuel then.Synthetic gas 234 also can be converted to methyl alcohol, the building block that it can be used as fuel, fuel dope or be used for gasoline production.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific attribute allows coal to be used in synthetic gas production or transforms in 234 facilities.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed to be used in synthetic gas production or be transformed in 234 facilities.
In an embodiment, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can be the carbon of coke or purifying by conversion 238.Coke 238 is a kind of by coal deutero-solid carbon-contg residue, and its volatile component is removed by toasting in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus (up to 1000 degrees centigrade).Under these temperature, fixed carbon and residual ashes fuse together mutually.Form the low typically ash content of raw material of coke, doctor negative bituminous coal.Coke can be used as fuel, for example in blast furnace during the molten iron.Coke also can be used as the reductive agent of these class methods.Coal is changed into coke also produced byproduct, coal tar for example, ammonia, lightweight oil and gas body.Because removed the volatile composition of coal in the process 238 of system coke, coke is the ideal fuels that condition is not suitable for the stove of coal combustion self.For example, coke can produce less cigarette or not produce cigarette under combustion conditions, if adopt bituminous coal itself then can cause a large amount of discharges.
Before coal can be used as the coal of making coke, wish that coal must satisfy moisture content, ash oontent, sulphur content, volatile component, some harsh standard of tar and plasticity aspect.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific attribute allows coal to be advantageously used in the coke production facility 238.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed to be used to produce coke 238.
In an embodiment, unbodied pure carbon 238 can make by the temperature that coal is heated to about 650-980 degree centigrade in the limited environment of air and obtain under the situation that perfect combustion do not occur.The form of the carbon allotrope graphite that decolorizing carbon 238 is made up of microcosmic carbon xln.Decolorizing carbon 238 thereby have many industrial uses.For example, graphite can be used as electrochemical element, and gac is used for water and air and purifies, and carbon black can be used to strengthen tire.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that specific properties allows coal to be advantageously utilised in the production facility 238 of purified carbon.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed and is used for production purified carbon 238.
In an embodiment, the basic skills of coke production 238 can be used to make the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon-containiproducts 240, and this gaseous mixture can be used as fuel (" domestic gas ").Domestic gas can comprise for example about 51% hydrogen, 15% carbon monoxide, 21% methane, 10% carbonic acid gas and nitrogen, and other paraffinic hydrocarbons of about 3%.Other method, for example Lurgi method and Sabatier are synthetic adopts low-quality coal to produce methane.
In a plurality of embodiment, the coal of handling with the system and method for the present invention's description can be converted to hydrocarbon 240.For example liquefying changes into liquid hydrocarbon 240 products with coal, and it can be used as fuel.Coal can liquefy by direct method or indirect method.Any method that coal is converted into hydrocarbon polymer 240 fuel must add hydrogen in the coal that contains hydrocarbon polymer.Can utilize four types liquifying method: (1) pyrolytic decomposition and hydrocarbonize, wherein coal is heated lacking air or exist under the situation of hydrogen; (2) solvent extraction, wherein the coal hydrogen compound optionally dissolves and adding hydrogen from coal; (3) catalytic liquefaction, the wherein hydrogenation of catalysts influence coal hydrogen compound; And (4) indirect liquefaction, wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen chemical combination in the presence of catalyzer.As an example, fischer-tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction, and wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into multi-form liquid hydrocarbon 240.The material that is produced by this method can comprise the synthetic petroleum supplements, and it can be used as lubricant oils or fuel.
As another example, carbonization at low temperature can be used to make liquid hydrocarbon 240 from coal.In the method, coal (is compared with 800-1000 ℃ of metallurgical coke) by cokeization 238 between 450-700 ℃.The production of these temperature optimization coal tar makes that the coal tar that is rich in the light hydrocarbon 240 is more than the coal tar in other normal coals.Then coal tar further is processed into fuel.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that special attribute allows coal to be advantageously used in the formation 240 of hydrocarbon products.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed for and be produced hydrocarbon polymer 240.For example, can adopt electromagnetic energy to handle metallurgical or other coal of inferior metallurgical grade according to system and method for the present invention, to produce the metallurgical coal of handling.Treated metallurgical coal can have consistent composition (for example alkali, volatile matter, moisture or the like), consistent density and friability, at least one in consistent humidity or the like.As the same, can for example be used for reducing moisture content and reduction other pollutents, for example volatile matter of coal to the processing of metallurgical coal by continuous or batch-wise pattern with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described.In one embodiment, the variation of the moisture content of metallurgical coal can very little or not variation of metallurgical coal attribute.Handle metallurgical coal continuously or some parameters of batch mode method can comprise that bed is dark, the residence time, microwave penetration degree, average particle size distribution, temperature out, outlet humidity, energy intensity (for example every square feet energy, the energy of coal per ton) or the like.For example, the temperature of metallurgical coal can remain on 100 degrees centigrade or lower in entire treatment.Adopting electromagnetic energy to handle metallurgical coal as described herein can make lower moisture level enter in the pit kiln, and control the operation of pit kiln more accurately, and then can and lower carry the output that water-content obtains to increase owing to higher with more consistent tamped density.Handle metallurgical coal and comprise that improvement is selected from least one aspect of the pit kiln in following group: output capacity, cycling time and energy efficiency.The lower water-content that carries may be because at least one in the underlying cause: tamped density composition higher, more uniformity, removes or the water that reduces as the high-temp plastic stage in the coking operation further helps reducing yield losses (high yield), or the like.Can control pit kiln operation more accurately and can further make in subsequently fusing and alloy operating process and can obtain better conformity of production and tamped density, especially for steel and various grades of other carbon steels.In addition, can reduce initial heating solid fuel energy needed.In one embodiment, can carry out successive or batch treatment to metallurgical coal according to scale.As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, the metallurgical coal of handling can be sent in the pit kiln.In one embodiment, the treatment facility of metallurgical coal can be integrated before pit kiln or coke battery 4614.
As the same, in one embodiment, metallurgical coal is exposed to the consistence that to improve in the electromagnetic energy from the coal washery with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described.Can metallurgical coal be exposed in the electromagnetic energy fast end in the operation of coal washery, this can remove moisture in the coal and keep or improve other metallurgical coal attribute simultaneously.In one embodiment, the treatment facility of metallurgical coal can be integrated into the part of coal washery operation.Soil and the rock of coal washery 4618 in can flush away coal (metallurgical grade or non-metallurgical grade).The coal of washing can be transported to solid fuel treatment facility 132 and be exposed to electromagnetic energy system 4602.In a plurality of embodiment, coal can be carried out piece groupization in piece groupization facility 4604 afterwards, transfer in the container 4620, or the like.In a plurality of embodiment, the coal of washing can be placed on the ground before handling, and carried out piece groupization before exposing to electron energy earlier, can add binder, or the like.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, the system and method for handling metallurgical coal with electromagnetic energy can comprise: moisture content and the rock attribute of science of measuring metallurgical coal before handling.The attribute of being measured can comprise moisture, sulphur, mercury, alkali, and BTU, intensity, the state of oxidation, micro-attribute, or the like.Metallurgical coal can be transported by the solid fuel treatment facility along transmission of facility.Thereby metallurgical coal can expose to the electromagnetic energy of predetermined power level on the successive basis and keep predetermined belt speed to obtain the predetermined attribute result of the metallurgical coal of output system.Randomly, the metallurgical coal of handling can be sent in the pit kiln.This method can be by scale work.Electromagnetic energy can be a high-power energy.Electromagnetic energy can be frequency of radio or microwave.For example, the frequency of electromagnetic energy can be about 890MHz-940MHz.
As the same, in one embodiment, can comprise the processing of metallurgical coal with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described: dry-off moisture, keep or improve other attributes of coal simultaneously, sulphur for example, mercury, alkali, BTU, intensity, or the like.For example, system can comprise that the moisture scope reduces ability.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, metallurgical coal can be preserved at low temperatures when going out system.This can realize by metallurgical coal being transported by for example foregoing cooling infrastructure.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, controlled feedback can be used to measure the attribute and the result of inflation method parameter to obtain to expect of expectation when method finishes.For example, can adjust, to obtain the result of expectation the level of electromagnetic energy, belt speed, air themperature or the like.By the variation in the continuous adjustment input product, adjustment can be transmitted consistent end product.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, air system can be used to dry-off moisture and other pollutents in the method.For example, pre-warmed air can be injected in the air system.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, the used heat that this method produces can be used to promote the efficient of this method.Used heat can be used to the preheating metallurgical coal.Used heat can be used for the air system input air.
As the same with other solid-fuelled processing as herein described, in one embodiment, can in the metallurgical coal treating processes, adopt dust collection facility 4610, for example bag house is collected dust and other pollutents.In one embodiment, can adopt air handling device 4612 in the metallurgical coal treating processes from air system exit dry-off moisture.In one embodiment, the various system and methods that the influence of the thermal anomaly metallurgical coal of inflow system can be described by the present invention alleviate.In one embodiment, metallurgical coal can be before processing or handle after when it leaves system by piece groupization, as shown in figure 46.
Referring to Fig. 2, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can be used in the coal by-products facility 212.As shown in Figure 2, coal by-products facility 210 can be converted into coal coal combustion byproduct 242 and gas house tar 244.
In an embodiment, can obtain various coal combustion byproducts 242.Example is that coal combustion byproduct 242 can comprise volatile hydrocarbon, ash content, sulphur, carbonic acid gas, and water, or the like.Can further handle these byproducts and obtain economic interests.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that special attribute allows coal to be advantageously used in and produces the combustion by-product that has an economic benefit.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed for the combustion by-product of producing swimming.
As an example, volatile matter is a kind of coal combustion byproduct 242.Volatile matter comprises those products that during heating discharge with gas or steam except that moisture.For coal, volatile matter per-cent is by at first being heated to coal 105 degrees centigrade with dry-off moisture, then coal is heated to 950 degrees centigrade and gravimetry loss and determines.Volatile matter can comprise that short chain and long chain hydrocarbon add that other gases comprise the mixture of sulphur.Therefore volatile matter can comprise gas, the mixture of the olefiant lower boiling organic compound of condensation and tar when cooling.Volatile matter in the coal increases along with other reduction of coal rank.And the coal activity during burning with high-content volatile matter is higher, is easier to light.
The another one example is that coal ash is a coal combustion byproduct 242.Coal ash is made up of flying dust (removing refuse down from chimney) and bottom ash (from boiler and combustion chamber acquisition).Coarse particles (bottom ash and/or slag) is placed into combustion chamber bottom, and thin part (flying dust) is selected by flue, and is given back and reclaim.Coal ash can contain the trace elements and the heavy metal of various concentration, comprises Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn.The ash that reclaims after coal combustion can be used as the additive of cement products, as the additive of excavation or civil engineering work, as the soil activator, and as other products, comprises the component of coating, plastics, paint and binding agent.
In another example, sulphur is coal combustion byproduct 242.Sulphur in the coal can be used as sulfur oxide and discharges during burning, perhaps by with dirt in the reaction of contained basic oxide be retained in the coal ash and (be known as the self-sustaining method of sulphur).Most important basic oxide are CaO in the sulphur self-sustaining, and it is CaCO 3Degradation production also be the products of combustion that calcic has the unit material.Burning of coal is carried out with two successive steps: devolatilization and charcoal burning.During devolatilization, combustible sulphur is converted into SO 2During the charcoal burning, SO 2Forming process, sulphating and CaSO 4Decompose simultaneously and take place.
In a plurality of embodiment, can obtain multiple coal distillation product 244.Destructiveness distillation 244 to coal has produced the coal tar oil and gas, also has metallurgical coke in addition.Discussed before the utilization of metallurgical coke and coal gas as the product of coal conversion.This third byproduct of coal tar has other commercial uses widely.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that special attribute allows coal to be advantageously used in the distillation byproduct 244 of producing economic benefit.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed for and produce byproduct 244.
Coal tar is an example of gas house tar 244.Coal tar is the complex mixture of hydrocarbon materials.The main body of its composition is different hydrocarbon polymer and the volatile matters of forming of aromatic series, from (benzene) of the simplest and volatility maximum to polycyclic non-volatility macromolecule material.Hydrocarbon polymer major part in the coal tar be based on benzene, based on naphthalene, based on anthracene or based on phenanthrene.Aliphatic hydrocarbon, paraffin and the alkene that also may have varied number.In addition, coal tar contains a spot of simple phenols, for example PHENOL 99.8 MIN ((CARBOLIC ACID)) and benzofuran.Also may find to have the organic compound of sulphur compound and nitrogenize.Nitrogen compound in the coal tar is alkaline, belongs to pyridine and quinoline family, for example aniline.
In a plurality of embodiment, coal tar can further be produced many useful organic chemicalss by the fractionation of level part, comprise benzene,toluene,xylene, naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.These materials are known as coal tar crude oil.They have formed synthetic numerous products, as the basis of dyestuff, medicine, seasonings, spices, synthetic resins, paint, sanitas and explosive.After coal tar crude oil being carried out level part fractionation, stayed the pitch residue.This material can for example be used in the roof, paves the way, in the insulation, waterproof purposes.
In a plurality of embodiment, coal tar can not carry out level part fractionation with its state of nature application yet.For example, before use, coal tar can be heated to a certain degree to remove its volatile component.The coal tar of state of nature can be used as sanitas.Coal tar also has been used as roof Material.Coal tar can be used as fuel combustion, although it discharges obnoxious flavour in burning.The tar burning produces the cigarette ash that is known as black smoke in a large number.If collect this cigarette ash, then it can be used for making carbon that electrochemistry uses, stamping ink, dyestuff or the like.
Referring to Fig. 2, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can transport in transporting facility 214 or store in storage facility 218.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that special attribute allows coal to be transported safely and effectively and store.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can advantageously be designed so that transport and store.
In a plurality of embodiment, coal can make land used from being transported to with exploiting.Can carry out coal in transporting facility 214 carries.Before transportation, can clean coal earlier, sort and/or be crushed to specific size.In some cases, the power station can be positioned to the colliery of factory's coal supply or near the colliery.For these facilities, coal can transport by forwarder or the like.Yet as a rule, power station and other use the coal facility away from the colliery.From the colliery to the main transporting method railway of the facility carry coal in a distant place.Also can adopt barge and other sea-freight instruments.It is feasible adopting the expressway transportation of truck, but may not be to be economical, and especially distance surpasses under 50 miles the situation.COAL SLURRY PIPE TRANSPORT is suspended in the fine coal in the water.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the coal that the particular processing attribute is convenient to transport in the facility 214 carries.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically design so that transport.
In a plurality of embodiment, coal can be stored in the storage facility 218, can be at it with the place that is used, and also can be in a certain remote place that will be transported to the place to use.In a plurality of embodiment, for example coal combustion facility 200 is used coal factory with other, can carry out the stored on-site of coal.As an example,, can store 10% or more a high proportion of annual coal consumption for power station 204.Yet, too much store coal and may cause and spontaneous combustion risk, loss volatile materials and the relevant problem of loss thermal value.The risk that hard coal exists is littler than the risk of other coal of other grades.For example, hard coal may not can meet with spontaneous combustion, so each dump can be stored quantity-unlimiting coal.On the contrary, if bituminous coal pile too much may spontaneous combustion, and may also can be cracked.
Two types variation may take place in the coal that stores.Inorganic materials for example pyrite may oxidation, and the organic materials in the coal itself can oxidation.When the inorganic materials oxidation, the volume of coal and/or weight may increase, and coal may be cracked.If coal material generation oxidation itself, variation may not be the perception immediately of energy quilt.The oxidation of organic materials relates to the carbon in the coal and the oxidation of hydrogen in the coal, and oxygen absorbed by unsaturated hydrocarbon, may cause the variation of thermal value loss.These variations also may cause spontaneous combustion.The specific properties that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that coal will be stored in harmful variation of the coal in the storage facility 218 and reduce to minimum.Therefore, the coal of handling according to system and method described herein can more specifically be designed for and allow it to be stored in safely in the storage facility 218.
To be described in more detail with system each parts of solid fuel treatment facility, its input, output and associated method now.
Coal is to be lacked air and decomposed under the temperature of influence of moisture, elevated pressure and rising and form by plant.Form coal two steps are arranged.First step is a biological step, and wherein cellulose conversion becomes mud coal.Second step is the physical chemistry step, and wherein mud coal is converted to coal.The geology process that forms coal is called as coalification.Along with the carrying out of coalification, the chemical constitution of coal has become the compound of high-carbon content and low hydrogen content step by step, as can be finding in the aromatic ring structure.
The type of coal or the rank of coal show the degree of coalification that has taken place.The rank of coal is arranged from high to low, comprises hard coal, bituminous coal, subbituminous coal and brown coal/brown coal.Along with the increase of degree of coalification, the percentage composition of volatile matter reduces and the thermal value increase.Therefore, the coal of higher level contains less volatile matter, and thermal value is higher.Generally speaking, along with the rank of coal raises, contain less moisture, less oxygen and more fixed carbon, more sulphur and more ash content in the coal.Term " rank " is distinguished two kinds of coals from ash content and sulphur content.
All coals all contain mineral substance.These mineral substance are inorganic substance of finding in the coal.The mineralogical composition itself that is integrated in the coal material is called as the mineral substance that comprises.The mineralogical composition of separation is called as extractive mineral substance from coal-based body.Extractive mineral substance can be dispersed in the coal particle, perhaps inadvertently exists owing to adopt the mining technique that extracts from contiguous ore bed.Inorganic materials in the coal becomes ash content after coal combustion or coal conversion.
Not combined carbon is called as fixed carbon content in the coal.The total carbon of a certain quantity and hydrogen chemical combination and as hydrocarbon combustion.This and other gas of forming when adding hot coal is a kind of to have formed the volatile matter in the coal.Fixed carbon and volatile matter have formed the incendivity thing.Oxygen that contains in the volatile matter and nitrogen are comprised a part that is called the incendivity thing, and the incendivity thing is understood that not contain in the coal coal amount of moisture and ash content.Except the incendivity thing, coal also contains the mineral substance of wetly and various formation ash contents.The ash oontent of u.s. coal can be about 3%-30%.Moisture content may account for the 0.75%-45% of coal gross weight.
Do not wish to contain a large amount of ash contents in the coal,, disturb burning yet because grey branch blocks the air passageways in the stove because ash content has reduced the burning of coal value.If coal also has high sulfur content, then sulphur may form the lime-ash that can merge with the ash content combination, and this can further hinder the active combustion in the stove.Moisture in the coal may cause difficulty to combustion processes, and reason absorbs heat when being its evaporation, thereby has reduced furnace temperature.
Although the technology of discussing among the present invention is used for the illustrative purpose of coal as single-fuel, but should be appreciated that this technology also can adopt technology well-known to those skilled in the art with coal and other fuel, make up together and use the occasion of technology of the present invention as biological mass-energy fuel or waste product.
Two kinds of basic coal mining methods 102 are arranged, and mine and beneath coal mining in the surface.The surface coal mining method can comprise the surface exploitation, abrupt slope exploitation and strip mining transformation.
The non-coal material that the colliery, surface may be called as topsoil covers, and topsoil can existing removal between mine coal.The surface exploitation can be found at the subdued topography place, and abrupt slope exploitation may be carried out along the coal seam on hill or mountain peak, and strip mining transformation then is very thick and have the dark place of hundreds of foot and carry out at the coal peak.Adoptable equipment can comprise dragline excavator, spades, dozer, front-end loader, bucket wheel excavator and truck in the ore deposit, surface.
Extract coal from underground coal mine 102 three kinds of basic skills are arranged: room and pillar mining, longwall advancing mining, and the explosion of standard and carrying coal mining.Room and pillar mining can reciprocate to the step of moving on the travelling belt with coal and form by smashing coal continuously by Mars Miner.Through after the specific range, support top ceiling, repeat this women then and extensively send out.Longwall advancing mining through long continuous rib, adopts the step of conveyer belt system carrying coal to be made up of mobile Mars Miner.Can adopt top, steel column support ore deposit as the part of longwell Mars Miner.The explosion of standard and carrying mining codes can adopt explosive substance explosion coal, use standard equipment (as conveyer belt system, railway, tractor) carrying coal then.
Colliery 102 can be made up of more than one coal seam, and described coal seam can be the continuous system of coal.Colliery 102 can comprise a plurality of different coal types, has known characteristic 110 in colliery and/or the coal seam.Some coal types of one definition can comprise mud coal, brown coal, brown coal, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and hard coal.The characteristic 110 in colliery and/or the coal seam can be detected in colliery 102.The test of characteristic 110 can sample, periodically, mode such as continuity carries out.Coal can be detected at the scene to determine coal characteristic 110 in the colliery, also coal sample can be delivered to outside test facilities.Mining processes can be reconnoitred the colliery so that the contained coal in colliery is sorted out where to determine the colliery by coal, by the coal of which kind of type.Different coal types can be according to moisture content, mineral substance, and material such as sulphur, ash content, metal or the like and have criteria classification 110.The moisture in a certain class coal and the per-cent of other materials can influence burning of coal characteristic and calorific value (BTU/lb).The manager in colliery 102 can optionally mine from the colliery, so that keep to crying and supplying the coal of unified type, a class coal that is easier to accept on the exploitation market provides prevailing coal to market and client, or the like.In one embodiment, have the coal of less moisture, for example bituminous coal and hard coal can provide better burning and heat characteristic.
In one embodiment, coal mining 102 facilities can comprise the coal sorting that the coal of exploitation is handled, storage 104 and transportation 108 facilities.
Coal sorting facility can be used for the coal of original exploitation is called the coal of better shape and size.Coal can carry out sorting by pulverizer, coal pulverizer, ball mill or pulverizer or the like in being provided with of surface, ore deposit.Can adopt the conveyer belt system that comes out in the ore deposit or provide coal supply sorting facility with coal with truck or the like.The coal sorting can be carried out with the continuous feeding method, perhaps also can adopt batch processes to adjust the size of coal.
Coal storage facility 104 can be used to temporarily to store raw coal or pass through coal sorting facility adjustment size before coal is transported to client after.Storage facility 104 can comprise other letter sorting facility, and the coal after raw coal or the adjustment size can further be classified according to the size of coal.Storage facility 104 can be house, canopy, rail car or open base area or the like.
By near the coal carrying method, can make storage facility 104 and transport facility 108 to associate.Transporting facility 108 can adopt railway, truck or the like that coal 102 is transported to client from the colliery.Transport facility 108 and can adopt travelling belt 300, truck, shovel loader or the like, perhaps use separately, perhaps be used in combination, coal is delivered to coal carrying method place.According to the capacity in colliery, transport facility 108 can be the operation of loading continuously, also can be to carry out the transportation of coal according to the method for request.
Coal storage facility 112 can be for the coal that at least one remote coal source the is provided with station of reselling, and can buy, store different coal types and resell to different clients.The coal source of coal storage facility 112 can be colliery 102 or another coal storage facility 112.Coal storage facility 112 can receive and store multiple coal from the coal source of a plurality of remote places.In one embodiment, coal storage facility 112 can be stored coal according to the type of coal.The type of coal can include but not limited to mud coal, brown coal, brown coal, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and hard coal.The coal storage facility can comprise storage facility 114, transport that facility 118 or other are used to handle, the facility of storage and carry coal.In one embodiment, coal storage facility 112 can be bought coal to be used for reselling afterwards according to specification from the colliery of remote place.
Coal storage facility 112 can receive coal from the coal source of remote place; The type of coal and characteristic 110 can be provided by the coal source.Storage facility 112 also can carry out coal characteristic that the test of other coal receives with checking or coal is further classified; Coal storage facility 112 can be different coal clients and stores inferior coal type.Inferior coal type can be the further classification of carrying out according to 110 pairs of coal characteristics.Storage facility 112 may have on-the-spot coal checkout facility or can adopt the coal test laboratory of standard.
Storage facility 114 can be used to store the coal from the coal source of remote place before coal is transported to client.Storage facility 114 can comprise other letter sorting facility, and coal can further be classified according to the size of coal or the characteristic 110 of coal at this letter sorting facility place.This other letter sorting facility can adopt pulverizer, coal pulverizer, ball mill, pulverizer or the like further to divide coal separation.Storage facility 114 can be house, canopy, rail car, open base area or the like.
By near the coal carrying method, can make storage facility 114 and transport facility 118 to associate.Transporting facility 118 can adopt railway, truck or the like coal to be transported to the client of coal from coal storage facility 114.Transport facility 118 and can adopt travelling belt 300, truck, shovel loader or the like, perhaps use separately, perhaps be used in combination, coal is delivered to coal carrying method place.According to the capacity of storage facility, transport facility 118 can be the operation of loading continuously, also can be to carry out the transportation of coal according to the method for request.
Coal sample data 120 can be the storage locations of data of the classification 110 of coal.Coal sample data 120 can be database, relevant database, form, text, XML file, RSS, flat file or the like, and it can be used to store the characteristic 110 of coal.Data can be stored in and comprise on server, the webserver, desktop computer, kneetop computer, handheld PC, PDA, flash memory or the like the computer installation.In one embodiment, coal characteristic 110 data can be transported with the coal shipping file of paper spare, electronic form, database etc.If coal characteristic is carried with paper spare, then can be with characteristic data with the suitable coal sample data layout input on the computer installation.In one embodiment, coal characteristic 110 data can be passed through e-mail, FTP, internet connection, WAN, LAN, P2P or the like and transmitted by colliery 102, coal storage facility 112 or the like.Coal sample data 120 can be by colliery 102, coal storage facility 112, and reception facilities or the like is preserved.Can obtain coal sample data 120 by the network that comprises internet.
Coal sample data 120 can comprise the title in the colliery of delivering, the title of storage facility, the end-use of coal, the attribute of expectation, possible final attribute, coal characteristic (for example humidity), the coal test facilities of use, coal testDate, the test of reception back or drying, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, validation test facility, validation test date or the like.In one embodiment, each coal sample has characteristic test data and testDate at least.
In one embodiment, the coal characteristic that is stored in the coal sample data 120 can be provided by standard laboratory (for example Standard Laboratories of SouthCharleston of U.S. West Virginia).This standard laboratory can provide coal characteristic, this coal characteristic can comprise moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, BTU/lbM-A Free, various forms of sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.In one embodiment, this standard laboratory can be carried out former state or dry test to coal.In one embodiment, former state test can be to be received and the state that do not carry out any processing carries out at raw coal.In one embodiment, dry test can be to carry out handling the coal of removing behind the residual water.The standard test chamber can utilize standard that coal is classified, used standard for example is ASTM standard D 388 (" coal rank classification "), ASTM standard D 2013 (" coal sampling preparation method "), ASTM standard D 3180 (" from measured coal and coke analytical calculation standard implementation rules ") to different compounds, US Geological Survey 1823 (" sampling of coal and inorganic analysis method "), or the like.
In one embodiment, can be at least one data record of every batch of coal storage in the coal sample data.If this batch coal in exploitation, has experienced at random in storage or the transportation or made regular check on, can there be data logging so more than one.In one embodiment, each test that a collection of coal is carried out can make coal characteristic be stored in the coal sample data 120.The coal characteristic test can be undertaken by the requirement of colliery 102, storage facility 112 or reception facilities etc.
Coal desired characteristic 122 can be a certain with the required database of handling coal combustion character of coal facility.Coal desired characteristic 122 can be database, relational database, table, text, XML file, RSS or the flat file etc. that can store the required combustioncharacteristics of the coal that is used for specific usefulness coal facility.Coal desired characteristic 122 data can be stored on the computer installation, and described computer installation can comprise server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA or flash memory etc.
In one embodiment, can there be at least one coal desired characteristic 122 data for specific with the coal facility.Can there be coal desired characteristic 122 data in the coal of each type that receives or store for solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can receive or store multiple coal type, and it can comprise mud coal, brown coal, brown coal, subbituminous coal, bituminous coal and hard coal.Every class coal can have different desired characteristic 122 for described with the coal facility, the ability of the coal characteristic 110 that desired characteristic 122 can receive or store based on changing.In one embodiment, the coal characteristic that receives or store can be stored in the coal sample data 120.
Coal desired characteristic 122 can be based on the performance perameter of solid fuel treatment facility 132, power system capacity for example, coal size, the type for the treatment of chamber, the transfer system size, transfer system flow rate, electromagnetic frequency, electromagnetic power rank, the electromagnetic power time length, power penetrates the degree of depth in the coal, or the like.These parameter types can change according to the different of coal characteristic of input with value.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 knows which kind of coal type can be used with the coal facility by described, and suitable parameter is can be from coal desired characteristic 122 selected to be gone out, and is used for the described coal of processing with the coal facility to produce.
In one embodiment,, can require certain coal operating parameters with the coal facility in order to satisfy efficient or environmental requirement, for example BTU/lb, sulphur per-cent, grey per-cent, metal per-cent, or the like.Coal desired characteristic 112 can be based on these parameters; Keeping these parameters can use the coal facility to satisfy the coal combustion emission request.
In one embodiment, the coal combustion attribute that coal desired characteristic 122 can be specific is a target, for example BTU/lb, moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine, mercury, or the like.In one embodiment, specific coal combustion attribute can only be subject to the coal treatment facility ability of measuring this coal processing attribute.For example, if solid fuel treatment facility 132 only can be measured moisture and emissions, the particular coal of targeted burning attribute can only comprise moisture and sulphur target so.
Solid fuel treatment facility 132 (facility) can be used to by removing the grade that non-product of coal (such as moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine, mercury, water, hydrogen, hydroxyl and the analogue that can become a coal part) improves coal.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be removed non-product of coal with microwave energy and/or other means from coal.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise multiple arrangement, module, facility, computer installation etc., so that coal is disposed, made its motion, handles.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be modular, scalable, portable or fixed or the like.
In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be the modularization facility, and it has device, module, facility, computer installation or the like, and they are designed to fully independently unit, these unit can be in a predefined manner or non-predetermined way associated with each other.
In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 all is a scalable for a Continuous Flow processing and a batch property processing.For Continuous Flow, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can change the scale of input, treating chamber, output etc., with the required amount of coupling specific facilities.For example, power generating equipment is compared with metallurgical facility may need the processing of higher volume coal, so solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be changed scale, to handle the coal of aequum.The Continuous Flow of coal is handled can comprise the chamber with band, and described band is used to make coal to pass some processing.Chamber and band system can be changed scale, to provide this facility each required amount.
In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can adopt batch processed, and batch processed chamber, input, output or the like can be changed scale to meet the needs of the amount of processed coal.The batch processed of coal can comprise the chamber of sealing, and it can handle a certain amount of coal in each cycle.
In one embodiment, the size in this chamber can be designed to be convenient to realize the energy distribution of optimization on solid fuel band facility 130.By increasing the width in chamber, may make moderate progress for the energy distribution on the coal, and have the average energy exposure of chance acquisition preferably based on size.For example, the width in chamber is increased to 70 inches from 62 inches can obtains improved energy distribution, for example the coal to whole amount has multifarious of polarization, power distribute more equably and focus still less, or the like.For example, the chamber (as shown in figure 30) with three polarizers can provide focus still less.In another example, the chamber (as shown in figure 30) with four polarizers can provide uniformly total field distribution.
In one embodiment, this chamber can be configured to not allow energy select.In one embodiment, the size in this chamber can be configured to hold a large amount of microwave generators.This chamber can also hold and enables (enable) microwave generator required distribution and cooling system.
In one embodiment, this chamber can comprise the heat exchanger of water and air.Heat exchange can allow to carry out wasted energy and reclaim.It is predrying that the energy that reclaims can be used to that solid fuel is carried out surface moisture.
In one embodiment, this chamber can comprise distiller, to remove moisture the air in the chamber.
Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be portable, utilizes this ability can move or move to a plurality of positions in the equipment between a plurality of equipment.For example, individual enterprise can have the equipment that a plurality of needs have been handled coal, and can have single solid fuel treatment facility 132 and handle coal.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be provided at each business equipment place by the coal of a certain amount of time to provide a pile to handle before moving on to next business equipment.In another example, storage facility 112 can have single solid fuel treatment facility 132, moves between its a plurality of positions in storage facility 112, so that handle the multiple coal type that can be stored in storage facility 112.In one embodiment, by being portable, solid fuel treatment facility 132 is also modular, thereby allows facility 132 to be easy to redeploy.
Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be a stationary structure, and it remains on the appropriate location at a certain equipment place.In one embodiment, this equipment may need a certain amount of coal of having handled, and this requires solid fuel treatment facility 132 to produce the coal of processing of Continuous Flow.For example, power generating equipment can need the coal of processing of continuous quantity, and it may need special-purpose solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be online or the off-line type installation.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be online installation, so that for provide successive to handle coal stream with the processing in the coal facility.For example, power generation assembly can allow solid fuel treatment facility 132 directly feeding produces steam to boiler.Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be an off-line type with respect to equipment, and it is handled coal and it is outputed at least one storage location.For example, generating set can have such solid fuel treatment facility 132, and it lays in dissimilar coals when coal is processed.The coal of having handled can be sent in travelling belt 300 systems then as required, thereby delivers on the generating set.
Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can comprise multiple arrangement, module, facility, computer installation or the like, for example parameter generating facility 128, charging facility 124, monitoring facility 134, gas generation facility 152, anti-ly light facility 154, disposal facility 158, treatment facility 160, hold facility 162, band facility 130, cooling infrastructure 164, discharging facility 168, and test facilities 170.
Described parameter generating facility 128 can be a computer installation, for example server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA or flash memory etc.Parameter generating facility 128 can generate and provide operating parameters to solid fuel treatment facility 132, so that handle coal received or that store.Parameter generating facility 128 can calculate and store the operating parameters that is used for described facility.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be used to produce operating parameters from the data of coal sample data 120 and coal desired characteristic 122.In one embodiment, coal sample data 120 and coal desired characteristic 122 information can be passed through acquisitions such as LAN, WAN, P2P, CD, DVD or flash memory.
In one embodiment, treat to be discerned by the operator of solid fuel treatment facility 132 by the coal that facility 132 is handled.In one embodiment, coal can be by following message identification, promptly type, batch, Test No. or identification number or the like.The parameter generating facility 128 addressable coal Test Information that are stored in coal sample data 120 and coal desired characteristic 122 data that are used for being identified coal.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be obtained coal test data that receive or storage from coal sample data 120.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be obtained the processing coal characteristic of expectation from coal desired characteristic 122.In one embodiment, can there be at least one group of processing coal characteristic of expecting in coal test data that receive for each or storage.Have more than one group data for coal test data and expectation coal characteristic available situation under, the parameter generating facility can average, use last data to these data, use article one data or use these data statistical value, or the like.
In one embodiment, based on the processing coal characteristic of coal Test Information and expectation, described parameter generating facility can be described facility and determines the startup operation parameter.Described operating parameters can be used to be provided with the parameter of solid fuel treatment facility 132 various devices and facility, to produce the coal characteristic of expectation.The parameter that parameter generating facility 128 is determined can comprise coal amount, microwave frequency, microwave power, coal surface temperature, the basic reading of transmitter, air rate, the use of rare gas element, feeding rate, the discharging speed of tape speed, each time cycle, preheating temperature, warm up time, rate of cooling, or the like.In one embodiment, facility is handled and is expected that all required parameters of coal all can be definite by described parameter generating facility.
In one embodiment, the microwave frequency parameter can have multiple setting, its can comprise single-frequency, segment frequence (for example from frequency transitions to the second frequency), the frequency that is used for a plurality of microwaves, cline frequency, pulse-repetition, pulse-repetition dutycycle, or the like.
In one embodiment, the microwave power parameter can have multiple setting, and it can comprise continuous output, pulse power, segmented power (for example being converted to second power from a power), be used for the power of a plurality of microwaves, or the like.
In one embodiment, according to the coal type and the difference for the treatment of the non-product of coal removed from coal, the coal surface temperature can be monitored.Parameter generating facility 128 can be determined coal surface temperature to be monitored during coal is handled.In one embodiment, the different time in the coal treating processes may need different coal surface temperatures so that remove non-product of coal.For example, a temperature can be required to be used for removing moisture from coal, and second temperature can be required to be used for removing sulphur from coal.Therefore, described parameter generating facility can be determined a plurality of coal surface temperatures to be monitored in the coal treating processes.In one embodiment, various coal surface temperature parameters can be provided for the transmitter facility, and the scope of institute's sensed temperature can be from envrionment temperature to 250 degree centigrade.In one embodiment, coal is owing to the microwave energy of microwave system 148 heats non-product of coal thereby can be heated to a certain inside and surface temperature.
Charging facility 124 can be from colliery 102 or coal storage facility 112 receive coals to solid fuel treatment facility 132, coal storage facility 112 can be in same place with solid fuel treatment facility 132, perhaps can be long-range coal storage facility 112.Charging facility 124 can comprise dust collection facility, screening and letter sorting facility, input section, transition section and adapter section, or the like.In one embodiment, charging facility may command enters the coal amount of handling with 130.For example, the charging facility can or be opened door by restriction, and the speed of perhaps importing spiral propeller waits the coal amount of passing wherein of controlling.
Coal can pass through travelling belt 300 systems, truck, front-end loader, and end loader etc. are provided to charging facility 124.
In one embodiment, the action of coal being sent into charging facility 124 may produce unacceptable coal dust amount, therefore can provide the dust collection facility.In one embodiment, coal dust can be collected in the container, thereby gets rid of from the charging facility.In one embodiment, the dust of collecting can be reinjected in the solid fuel microwave treatment.
If be provided to the coal consistent size with 130, the efficient of solid fuel treatment facility 132 processing coals is higher so; Consistent coal size can be optimized the heating of microwave to coal.Charging facility 124 can or sieve into multiple size with the letter sorting of input coal.In one embodiment, a plurality of coals of handling different size that bring can be arranged.The available classification diagrid sorts coal, and perhaps goalkeeper's coal of available different heights is transferred to another band or the like and sorted coal.
In one embodiment, charging facility 124 can utilize a plurality of sections (they can comprise input section, transition section, adapter section etc.) coal to be moved on to from input source be with on 130.In one embodiment, input section can receive raw coal in the charging facility; This section can be enough big, so that for coal provides a buffer zone, prevents that coal overflow or coal from dropping out.In one embodiment, transition section can be a passage or pipeline, so that coal is moved on to the adapter section from the input section; Transition section can be taper, so that suitably cooperate the input section and the adapter section of different size.In one embodiment, the adapter section makes coal move to handle from transition section and is with 130; The exit of this section has identical size with band.
In one embodiment, helical conveyor can move on to travelling belt from input source with coal., dry air is blown on it when helical conveyor is moved at coal, thereby coal is carried out warm in advance predry.
In one embodiment, if carry out coal letter sorting or screening, input section, transition section and adapter section more than one can be set.
But a plurality of facilities, system and the transmitter of monitoring facility 134 monitoring solids fuel treatment facilities 132.Monitoring facility 134 can receive and provide information to transmitter, controller, treatment facility, or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility can be based on the adjustment of the coal treating processes being carried out (in-process) in the process from the input of various transmitters and facility.For example, watch-dog can receive information from wetness sensor and weight sensor, to determine whether to have removed the moisture of correct amount from coal; Can adjust operating parameters based on these information.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can change these facility operations parameters, to adjust the processing of coal in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, can be provided for other facilities to the change of described operating parameters, these other settings can comprise tape-controller 144, treatment facility 160, hold facility 162, feedback facility 174 or the anti-facility 154 or the like of lighting.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can comprise computer installation, for example server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA or flash memory or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can utilize LAN, WAN, P2P, CD, DVD or flash memory or the like and various facilities and sensor communication.In one embodiment, monitoring facility can utilize algorithm to determine the variation of the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132.
Prevent that lighting facility 154 can be the gas source that prevents that coal from lighting in the coal treating processes.Because the heating of non-product of coal, coal treating processes can be heated to coal temperature near coal igniting temperature so that remove non-product of coal.In order to prevent coal premature ignition in the coal treating processes, rare gas element can be used to provide atmosphere of inert gases in the coal treating chamber.Rare gas element comprises nitrogen, argon, helium, neon, krypton, xenon and radon.Nitrogen and argon may be the prevailing rare gas elementes that is used to provide non-combustion gases atmosphere.
Rare gas element can be supplied to the anti-facility 154 of lighting by pipeline, truck/tank car or gas on-site producer or the like.In one embodiment, if used truck/tank car supply system, the gas supply can be provided in the on-the-spot gas-holder by truck/tank car so, and perhaps truck can stay the jar trailer as interim gas-holder.
In one embodiment, can be used in combination with air atmosphere from the anti-rare gas element of lighting facility 154, perhaps can be the whole atmosphere of coal treating chamber.
In order to supply nitrogen to the anti-facility 154 of lighting, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can use on-the-spot nitrogen generation facility 152, to produce the required nitrogen of coal treating chamber.In one embodiment, can utilize commercial available pressure oscillating to absorb (PSA) technology and produce nitrogen.The size of gas generation facility can suitably be arranged to produce the nitrogen of solid fuel treatment facility 132 aequums.
Power input 180 can be to link the electric power connection that can be used to the transmitting line of solid fuel treatment facility 132 power supplies; Solid fuel treatment facility 132 power requirements can comprise microwave system 148.Power input can be from the transmitting line of device external, perhaps can be from the transmitting line (if this equipment is power generating equipment) of device interior.
High pressure input transmission (or high voltage power transmission) facility 182 can provide suitable power steps, so that the required suitable power level of supply solid fuel treatment facility 132.High pressure input transmission facilities can be very high high pressure received power input 180, under this high pressure need reduce in facility 182 so that use.In one embodiment, high pressure input transmission facilities 182 can comprise required assembly and device, so that the power of supply is reduced to the suitable power level that can be used for solid fuel treatment facility 132.High pressure input transmission facilities can provide transmitting line in solid fuel treatment facility 132, solid fuel treatment facility 132 is connected to power input 180.
Band facility 130 can be carried coal by the coal treating processes, so that remove non-product of coal; The conveying of coal can be a continuous feeding.Band facility 130 can receive coal from charging facility 124, coal is carried by at least one coal treating processes, and the coal that will handle is delivered to cooling infrastructure 164.In one embodiment, band facility 130 can comprise carries facility (for example travelling belt), and a plurality of independently coals keep bucket, or other holding devices, so that coal moves through at least one coal treating processes.Carry facility to make, for example metal or high temperature plastics etc. by those materials that is designed to be applicable to the temperature of having handled coal.
Band facility 130 can comprise a plurality of facilities and system, and it can comprise preheating facility 138, parameter control system 140, sensing system 142, removal system 150, controller 144, microwave/radiowave system 148, or the like.By utilizing the operating parameters of parameter generating facility 128 and/or monitoring facility 134, independently facility and system can cooperate handle coal in treating processes for all these.Band facility 130 can be adjusted operating parameters in the coal treating processes; The adjustment of operating parameters can manually realize by the operator who monitors treating processes, perhaps can be by controller 144 real-time implementation automatically.
In one embodiment, band facility 130 can be to carry facility valve jacket on every side; This valve jacket can be considered to a chamber.In one embodiment, this chamber can comprise coal treating processes, chamber atmosphere surrounding, transmitter, non-product of coal removal system 150, dust container, or the like.All input and output of coal treating processes can be supported in this chamber, for example atmosphere surrounding input, the output of non-product of coal, coal dust output, coal are imported, coal is exported, or the like.
In one embodiment, the speed of conveying facility can the operation response changeable parameters.For example, if, carry facility to move so than lower velocity if a large amount of coal or the coals of a less important processing is the coal (for example mud coal) that wherein contains the relatively poor type of the non-product of coal of vast scale.Carry facility to move more slowly, thereby can make the time under microwave generator longer.Carry the facility can constant speed movement or can change speed at the different positions place that handles.For example, carry facility to move at leisure, but between microwave generator, move rapidly at the microwave generator place.Can make and have the space between the coal that this can allow to carry facility to move through the coal treating processes as the coals of coordinating that make at different levels carrying on the facility coal is placed to.For example, coal can at interval identical with microwave generator distance, and this can make coal stay under each microwave generator during handling.
In one embodiment, can will carry the motion of facility and the operational coordination of speed and microwave generator to get up.Carry facility to quicken or deceleration according to the operation of microwave generator.
In one embodiment, the operating parameters control of carrying operating parameters that the operation of facility can be determined by parameter generating facility 128 and monitoring facility 134 to monitor or revise.
Controller 144 can be a computer installation, its in the future the autoregressive parameter operating parameters that produces facility 128 and monitoring facility 134 be applied to the coal treating processes.In one embodiment, controller 144 can comprise computer installation, for example server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA or flash memory or the like.In one embodiment, controller 144 can utilize LAN, WAN, P2P, CD, DVD or flash memory etc. and various facilities and sensor communication.In one embodiment, controller 144 may be unimportant with respect to the residing position of coal treating chamber; Controller 144 can be set at ingress, exit or along any position of coal treating chamber.If controller 144 is by operator's management or control, controller can be set at and allow the operator to see the position of coal treating processes or coal treating processes transmitter key component so.
In one embodiment, controller 144 can be applied to operating parameters and carry facility, airflow control, rare gas element, microwave frequency, microwave power, pre-heating temperature etc. at least.
In one embodiment, the frequency of at least one microwave system 148 of controller 144 may command.Microwave system 148 can be controlled so as to provides single-frequency or pulse-repetition.If there is the microwave system 148 more than in band facility 130, controller 144 can provide operating parameters to the microwave facilities 148 more than so; Can be more than one microwave facilities by different frequencies operations.
In one embodiment, the power of at least one microwave system 148 of controller 144 may command.Microwave system 148 can be controlled so as to provides single power or pulse power.If there is the microwave system 148 more than in band facility 130, controller 144 can provide operating parameters to the microwave facilities 148 more than; Can be more than one microwave facilities by different power operations.
In one embodiment, the processing environment of controller 144 may command band facilities 130, processing environment can comprise airflow, inert gas flow, hydrogen stream, positive pressure, negative pressure, vacuum tightness, or the like.Airflow in the band facility 130 can comprise provides dry air, rare gas element, hydrogen and pressure change to control the gas that discharges from coal.In one embodiment, dry air can be used to the moisture in the help reduction coal in the band facility.In one embodiment, rare gas element can be used to prevent that coal from lighting during high coal temperature; Rare gas element also can be used to prevent other oxidising process.In one embodiment, hydrogen can use during falling sulphuring treatment.In one embodiment, the pressure of band in the facility 130 can be used to remove non-product of coal during as gas release at non-product of coal from coal.
In one embodiment, controller 144 can be the machine controller that is available commercially, and perhaps can be that the user is the controller of band facility 130 designs.In one embodiment, controller can receive the operational stage feedback from band system of facility 130 and facility.This feedback can be Set For Current, actual operation parameters, charge capacity ratio, or the like; This feedback can be a visible on controller 144 or any computer installation related with controller 144.
In one embodiment, controller can have the controlled function of surmounting, and surmounts controlled function and can allow the operator manually to revise the operating parameters of at least one coal treating processes.The manual modification operating parameters can be considered to a kind of of coal treating processes and surmount or fully manually control.
In an embodiment, the treatment time (coal can stand microwave at this section on the period) typically is between 5 seconds to 45 minutes, and this depends on size and configuration, the available output of microwave system 148 and the pending coal amount of being with facility 130.Little coal amount can need the short treatment time.
Before coal arrived microwave system 148, preheating facility 138 can add hot coal.This preheating can be to add hot coal to get rid of outside moisture from coal.Removing unnecessary outside moisture makes microwave system 148 can more easily remove inner non-product of coal by having removed the moisture that can absorb microwave energy.
In one embodiment, can utilize radiation or ir radiation etc. (it can provide power by electricity, gas or wet goods mode) that coal is preheated.
In one embodiment, preheating facility 138 can be arranged on the inside of band facility 130, perhaps can be in the outside of band facility 130 and be in to be with before the facility 130.
In one embodiment, the preheating facility can utilize the air ambient that can help to remove moisture, such as dry air.This air ambient can flow through the preheating facility, to help moisture-free coal.
In one embodiment, preheating facility 138 can have collection facility, to collect removed moisture.
Microwave/radiowave system (microwave system) 148 can provide electromagnetic wave energy to the coal in the band facility 130, so that remove non-product of coal.Non-product of coal can be water moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine, mercury, metal, water, hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the like.By non-product of coal being heated to the temperature that non-product of coal discharges from coal, non-product of coal can be removed from coal with microwave energy.This release can appear at when exist from the solid to liquid, during the material phase transformation of liquid or other are can make the phase transformation that non-product of coal discharges the time from coal to gas or solid to gas.
In one embodiment, different non-products of coal can discharge from coal under differing temps; The scope of coal thermometer surface temperature can be between 70 to 250 degrees centigrade.In one embodiment, the water moisture can be the discharging than low side of this scope, and sulphur can discharge between 130 to 240 degrees centigrade; Ash content can discharge between the temperature of water and sulphur and can discharge with water and/or sulphur.In one embodiment, owing to heated non-product of coal with the microwave energy of microwave system 148, so coal can be heated to certain inside and surface temperature.
In one embodiment, the electromagnetic energy of microwave system 148 can be by producing as lower device, for example magnetron, transit time tube, vibratory gyroscope or or the like.In one embodiment, in band facility 130, can there be at least one microwave system 148.In one embodiment, can there be microwave system 148 in the facility 130 at band more than one.
In the band facility 130 that has more than a microwave system 148, microwave system 148 can be parallel orientation, serial orientation or parallel and serial combination orientation with delivery system.
Parallel microwave system 148 is orientated the microwave system 148 that can allow more than and is arranged on the one or both sides of being with facility 130 abreast.In one embodiment, can be grouped in together and be arranged on the both sides of band facility 130 more than one microwave system 148.For example, can there be N microwave system 148 a certain position along band facility 130, and wherein each side with facility 130 is provided with N/2 microwave system.This configuration can allow more microwave power to be applied in the certain position place that is with on the facility, permission applies microwave power with different stage in certain position, allow to utilize less microwave system to produce power demand more than one, permission suddenly increases or reduces microwave power at the certain position place, allow pulse microwave power, allow the successive microwave power, allow to be used in combination pulse and continuous microwave power or or the like.In one embodiment, can be independently controlled or can be used as a single unit control more than one parallel microwave system 148.
Be apparent that to those skilled in the art the form that parallel microwave system 148 can be controlled so as to many power, frequency, power combination or combination of frequency provides microwave energy, to satisfy the requirement that coal is handled.
Microwave system 148 orientation of serial can allow more than the length setting along band facilities 130 of one microwave system 148.In one embodiment, each independently microwave system 148 station or the processing unit of the coal treating processes that can be considered to total are set.In one embodiment, along band facility 130 length more than one position, can have more than one single or microwave system 148 in groups.Can have certain distance between the microwave system 148 of serial, this makes can carry out other processing between the microwave system 148 of serial.The microwave system 148 of serial can allow to apply different microwave frequencies at different positions, applies different microwave powers at different positions, different positions apply different microwave dutycycle (pulsed or successive) or or the like.
In one embodiment, the distance between the microwave system 148 can allow to carry out other processing, for example non-product of coal is removed, the coal cooling, for the location of non-product of coal with finish discharge handle, coal is handled, coal is weighed, non-product of coal discharges sensing or or the like.
In one embodiment, can have redundant single or microwave system in groups more than one serial microwave system 148, if necessary, they can repeat specific treating processes.For example, a microwave station can apply microwave power to remove moisture from coal, and how much water moisture is determined to have removed in the coal weigh station subsequently.The difference heavy according to coal can be determined in the coal the whether also residual water moisture that has, and the microwave system 148 of redundancy can apply microwave power in next position once more to remove residual water moisture.In one embodiment, Rong Yu microwave system 148 can be used to or may not be used to further handle coal.In one embodiment, redundant microwave system 148 can repeat the processing the same with previous microwave system 148, maybe can be used for carrying out the processing different with previous microwave system 148.
In another example, the water wetness sensor can determine whether the water moisture still discharges from coal, and the second redundant microwave treatment can be applied on the coal.In one embodiment, controller can determine whether to repeat microwave treatment.
In one embodiment, the power of microwave system 148 can be pulsed or continous way.In order to regulate the microwave energy that is applied on the coal, microwave energy output can be the pulsed that is Fixed Time Interval of constant frequency.In one embodiment, the microwave power in each source can be 15kW at least, and frequency can be 928MHz or lower, and microwave power can be 75kW at least in other embodiments, and frequency can be 902MHz or higher.
In one embodiment, with comparing of upper frequency, the microwave energy of lower frequency can deeper be penetrated in the coal.Microwave system 148 can produce the frequency output between the 100MHz to 20GHz.According to embodiments of the invention, also can use the wave energy of other frequencies.
As previously discussed, it is at different levels that microwave system 148 can be configured to coordinate.For example, the coal of band on the facility 130 can not be partitioned into the distance identical with microwave system 148, and this can allow coal to stay under each microwave generator in the coal treating processes.In one embodiment, for the processing of coal, the tape speed that changes each place, microwave system 148 stations may be the advantage of coal treating processes.In one embodiment, this can be continuously with a kind of method of carrying out batch processed on the facility 130.
In an embodiment, the treatment time (coal can stand microwave at this section on the period) typically is between 5 seconds to 45 minutes, and this depends on size and configuration, the available output of microwave system 148 and the pending coal amount of being with facility 130.Little coal amount can need the short treatment time.
In one embodiment, the efficient in 100%, the electromagnetic energy of 1kW per hour can evaporate the water that is in envrionment temperature of 3.05lbs.For design well for the electromagnetic radiation system, 98% of this energy can be absorbed and change into heat.For example, the electric power that the electromagnetic energy of the 1kW that is applied need about 1.15kW, and the water of evaporation 2.989lbs; For the moisture of 160 pounds of every removals, this may need the electric power of 61.6kW.
Parameter control device 140 can receive heat transfer agent and this heat transfer agent is offered controller 144 as feedback.In one embodiment, parameter control device 140 can comprise computer installation, for example server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA or flash memory or the like.In one embodiment, parameter control device 140 can utilize LAN, WAN, P2P, CD, DVD or flash memory etc. and various facilities and sensor communication.In one embodiment, parameter control device 140 can comprise from the interface of the transmitter received signal of various solid fuel treatment facilities 132.This interface can receive the analog or digital signal data from transmitter.For simulated data, parameter control device 140 interfaces can utilize A-D converter (ADC) that analog signal conversion is become numerical data, so that carry out data storage.
In one embodiment, parameter control device 140 can with sensor interface, transmitter can comprise level of band facility 130 airflows, belt speed, temperature, microwave power, microwave frequency, rare gas element level, moisture level, ash content level or sulphur or the like.The temperature of measuring can be handle during the temperature of coal and/or the temperature in chamber; The temperature in chamber can indicate whether fire is arranged in the chamber.
In one embodiment, parameter control device 140 can comprise internal storage, for example RAM, CD, DVD, flash memory etc., but their storage sensor readings.Parameter control device 140 can be stored heat transfer agent, provides real-time feedback to controller 144, and store heat transfer agent and provide real-time feedback to controller, or other storage/feedback method.In one embodiment, but parameter control device 140 collecting sensor readings and the data feedback of storage offered controller 144.The sensor reading of collecting can be used to provide to controller 144 distribution plan, the real time sensor reading of sensor reading, sensor reading and the time of historical average sensor readings, time period, or the like.
In one embodiment, the sensing data collected of parameter control device 140 can be a visible on parameter control device 140 or any computer installation related with controller 144.
The transmitter 142 of band facility 130 can provide the coal process data to parameter control device 140 and controller 144.The data that are used for the coal treating processes from transmitter can comprise water vapor, ash content, sulphur, microwave power, microwave frequency, coal surface temperature, coal is heavy, microwave is launched, airflow is measured, band facility temperature, or the like.In one embodiment, transmitter can be analog or digital measuring apparatus.
In one embodiment, the water vapor of band facility 130 can be measured by the moisture analyser.The moisture analyser can be provided with respect to microwave system 148, so that measure the water vapor that discharges from the coal of handling.In one embodiment, the processing of coal can be proceeded always, till the vapor levels that measures has reached predeterminated level.Vapor levels can be used as moisture per-cent, part per million, 1,000,000,000 proportions by subtraction, or other vapour survey scales and measured.
In one embodiment, ash content and sulphur can be measured by chemical identifier horizontal analysis instrument.For ash content and sulphur, independently chemical identifier horizontal analysis instrument can be arranged respectively.In one embodiment, the processing of coal can be proceeded always, till the ash content that measures and sulphur level have reached predeterminated level.
In one embodiment, microwave system 148 power and frequency output can be measured as the real standard that is used for comparing with the setting level.
In one embodiment, the coal surface temperature can be measured by transmitter (for example infrared temperature sensor or thermometer).Temperature sensor can be provided with respect to the coal treating processes, so that measure during the coal processing and the coal surface temperature after the coal processing, wherein this coal treating processes can be heating or cool off.In one embodiment, coal is handled and can be carried out always, has reached predeterminated level up to the coal surface temperature of measuring.In one embodiment, because the microwave energy of microwave system 148 has heated non-product of coal, so coal can be heated to certain inside and surface temperature.
In one embodiment, can utilize the scale that is available commercially to measure the weight of coal.Coal is heavy can be used to determine the non-product of coal of getting rid of from coal.In one embodiment, can be before a treatment station and afterwards coal is measured, so that determine the weight that coal reduces.This variation of coal weight can indicate the per-cent of the non-product of coal that has discharged from coal.In one embodiment, these weight can be measured through out-of-date on weight scale in real time at coal.
In one embodiment, the microwave emission that carries facility 130 can be measured by safety indicator.The microwave emission sensor can be the available sensors of standard.In one embodiment, for the reason of safety or environment aspect, guarantee outside band facility 130, can not measure the microwave emission that exceeds predeterminated level.
In one embodiment, the actual air stream of band facility 130 can be measured, so as with required airflow relatively.Airflow can be waited as speed, direction, inlet pressure, top hole pressure and measure.
In one embodiment, the temperature sensor of the cavity temperature available standards of band facility 130 is measured.The temperature in chamber can be measured as the security feature of the required detection of chamber archives.
When non-product of coal discharged from the coal of having handled, non-product of coal can be removed by removal system 150 from band facility 130.Non-product of coal can discharge as gas or liquid from coal.Removal system 150 can remove gas towards the motion of conduit by air, and gas can be collected and handle at the conduit place.Removal system 150 can utilize positive air pressure or negative air pressure to remove gas from band facility 130.Positive pressure system can blow to collecting zone with gas, and negative pressure system can be drawn onto collecting zone with gas.The liquid collecting that removal system 150 can locate band facility 130 bottoms is in collecting zone.
In one embodiment, some non-product of coal can be used as gas and liquid (for example water) both collect.In one embodiment, when water vapor discharged from coal, some in the steam can be removed system acquisition by gas.Different according to the amount of the water vapor of removing from coal and speed, water vapor can condense into liquid water on the wall of band facility 130.In one embodiment, utilize airflow to force agglomerative water to flow down, the influent collecting zone from wall.Getting rid of these water may be vital for avoiding electric storm occurring in the chamber.
In one embodiment, according to the difference of coal temperature, be similar to the water moisture, sulphur can be used as gas or discharge as liquid.
In one embodiment, ash content can be removed together with water moisture or sulphur.
In one embodiment, collection and confinement of gases can be collected the gas of single type or can collect the multiple gases that discharges from the coal of having handled.According to position and coal treatment temp different of band in the facility, at least a gas can discharge from coal.According to the difference of coal temperature, the gas release in the certain position of band facility can be the gas of particular type.For example, be position between 70 to 100 degrees centigrade in the coal temperature, these other may be water vapors basically entirely, and are position between 160 to 240 degrees centigrade in the coal temperature, these gases may be sulphur steam basically entirely.
In one embodiment, liquid collecting can be collected the liquid of single type, perhaps can collect the multiple liquid that discharges from the coal of having handled.According to position and coal treatment temp different of band in the facility, at least a liquid can discharge from coal.
Hold facility 162 can be from the removal system 150 of band facility 130 the non-product of coal of receiver gases and liquid.Removed non-product of coal can comprise water, sulphur, coal dust, ash content, hydrogen, hydroxyl, or the like.
In one embodiment, hold facility 162 and can have the appearance flow container that is used for keeping the liquid removed from band facility 130; A plurality of appearance flow containers can be arranged.In one embodiment, the appearance flow container can hold the liquid more than one type, and this depends on that liquid is removed wherein from the band facility.In one embodiment, can there be different appearance flow containers to be arranged in the different positions of being with facility 130, so that be used for collecting liquid.
In one embodiment, hold facility 162 and can have the appearance gas tank that is used for keeping the gas removed from band facility 130; A plurality of appearance gas tanks can be arranged.In one embodiment, the appearance gas tank can hold the gas more than one type, and this depends on that gas is removed wherein from the band facility.In one embodiment, can there be different appearance gas tanks to be arranged in the different positions of being with facility 130, so that be used for collecting gas.
In one embodiment, hold facility and also can comprise shield, so that microwave energy is stoped in band facility 130.
Treatment facility 160 can receive the liquids and gases that hold facility 162, gas and liquid are divided into independent gas and liquid so that dispose.
In one embodiment, available following method is separated non-product of coal, and described method can comprise deposition, and flocculation is centrifugal, filter, and distillation, chromatographic separation, electrophoresis, extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, sedimentation, classification is freezing, screening, selection by winnowing or the like.
In one embodiment, after with gas and liquid separation, gas and liquid can not be stored in independently container or jar in.
Disposal facility 158 can receive individual gas and liquid from treatment facility 160 and dispose.In one embodiment, the disposal of gas and liquid can be included in the landfill yard and dispose, and gas and liquid are sold to other enterprises, discharge non-nocuity gas (for example water vapor) or or the like.In one embodiment, other enterprises can be directly to use the company of individual gas or liquid or can be further to carry out the enterprise that refining is sold once more to gas or liquid.
Disposal facility 158 can be associated with transporting facility, shifts individual gas and liquid so that wait by railway, truck or pipeline.
Disposal facility 158 can comprise the temporarily stored jar, and it can allow temporarily stored gas and liquid, up to the volume that reaches for transportation in commercial economy.In one embodiment, the temporarily stored jar can be arranged in the Local or Remote position.
Cooling infrastructure 164 can be positioned on after the band facility 130, and controlled atmosphere (or claiming atmosphere) can be provided, so that the coal after handling is carried out controlled cooling.In one embodiment, cooling infrastructure can be integrated in the band facility 130 or can be the independent facility that is positioned at band facility exit place; Cooling infrastructure shown in Fig. 1 is independent facility.
In one embodiment, the rate of cooling of cooling infrastructure 164 may command coals, thereby atmosphere are reuptaked moisture when avoiding coal to cool off from treating processes.In one embodiment, cooling infrastructure 16 can have delivery system, and analogue that it can center on by travelling belt 300, a plurality of independently container or by the closure that can form cooling chamber etc. constitutes.
In one embodiment, controlled cooling process can comprise progressive turn cold to the air of envrionment temperature, in controlled atmosphere naturally cooling, utilize to force the cooling of dry air airy, utilize the cooling of forcing rare gas element or or the like.In one embodiment, delivery system can change speed to keep suitable rate of cooling.In one embodiment, can be provided with sensing system monitor gas, coal temperature, tape speed, or the like.Sensing data can be received or can use at cooling infrastructure 164 controller places is with 130 controllers 144; Controller can provide the operating parameters of cooling infrastructure 164.
In one embodiment, controlled atmosphere can be dry air or rare gas element.
Discharging facility 168 can make the final cooled coal of having handled move to a position away from band facility 130.In one embodiment, discharging facility 168 can comprise delivery system, dust collection facility, input section, transition section and adapter section, or the like.In one embodiment, the discharging facility readymade coal can be offered warehouse, rail car, storage location, directly offer treatment facility or or the like.
In one embodiment, input Duan Kecong cooling infrastructure receives the coal of having handled, and the size of input terminus can be configured to be fit to cooling infrastructure 164 delivery systems of introducing, and the size of output terminal can be configured to be fit to transition section.
In one embodiment, transition section can be the passage that the coal that will handle is directed to adapter; Transition section can comprise delivery system.
In one embodiment, the size of adapter section can be configured to be suitable for the required shape of transition section and outgoing position (for example rail car, storage, directly output to facility).
In one embodiment, discharging facility 168 is output at least one position.In one embodiment, can be the discharging facility 168 that each band facility 130 is provided with more than, thereby be outgoing position feeding more than one.
Whether test facilities 170 can obtain the sample of finally having handled coal, and coal sample is carried out standard test, be complementary with the desired characteristic 122 of coal with the characteristic of determining finally to have handled coal.In one embodiment, test facilities can be set at the Local or Remote of facility 132.
In one embodiment, standard test can following standard, ASTM standard D 388 (" coal rank classification ") for example, ASTM standard D 2013 (" coal sampling preparation method "), ASTM standard D 3180 (" from measured coal and coke analytical calculation standard implementation rules ") to different compounds, US Geological Survey 1823 (" sampling of coal and inorganic analysis method "), or the like.The available coal characteristic of standard test can comprise moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.
In one embodiment, can obtain periodical sample the coal, first sample and last sample can be arranged from finally having handled, can be a sample or or the like.In one embodiment, all product of sampling can be not tested, can be with using based on the extra experiment of statistics sample result from the sampling rate of the statistics of all samples of finally having handled coal.The technician in statistical sampling field should understand and will test the different parameters of how many samples, and arrives other samples according to the experimental result traceback.
In one embodiment, the coal of finally having handled cannot be used, and shows that up to the experiment of coal sample finally having handled coal has acceptable attribute.
Coal output parameter 172 can be to be used for final storage location of having handled classification 110 information of coal.Coal output parameter 172 can be database, relational database, table, text, XML file, RSS, flat file, maybe can store the analogue of finally having handled coal characteristic.Data can be stored on the computer installation, computer installation can comprise server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA, flash memory or or the like.In one embodiment, the final characteristic data of having handled coal can be converted into the coal output parameter 172 in the paper hard copy, electronic form or database or the like.Carried by the paper hard copy if finally handled the characteristic of coal, characteristic data can be entered as suitable coal output parameter 172 forms on computer installation so.In one embodiment, finally handled the characteristic data of coal can be from test facilities 170 by e-mail, FTP, Internet connection, WAN, LAN, P2P or or the like mode send out.Can go up visit coal output parameter 172 at network (can comprise the Internet).
Test facilities 170 available coal characteristics can comprise moisture per-cent, ash content percentage, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.
In one embodiment, can be each has finally handled coal stored at least one data logging in coal output parameter 172.If in treating processes, carried out at random or periodic inspection, the data logging more than can have been arranged so to finally having handled coal.In one embodiment, can allow coal characteristic be stored in 172 kinds of coal output parameters to finally having handled each experiment that coal carries out.
Feedback facility 174 can finally have been handled the characteristic of coal with the desired characteristic 122 of coal compares, with definite final processing within the tolerance whether coal be in desired characteristic.The feedback facility can be a computer installation, described computer installation can comprise server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA, flash memory or or the like.
In one embodiment, feedback facility 174 can keep the tolerance of coal characteristic, and it can be considered to the acceptable coal of finally having handled.Tolerance can be stored in database, relational database, table, text, XML file, RSS, flat file, maybe can store finally and handled in the analogue of coal characteristic.In one embodiment, feedback facility 174 connectable to network, described network can comprise Internet connection, WAN, LAN, P2P or similar network.In one embodiment, feedback facility 174 can will finally have been handled coal characteristic and coal characteristic 122 relatively, thereby determines the acceptability of finally having handled coal.
In one embodiment, be in outside the acceptable tolerance, can make amendment by 134 pairs of operating parameterss of monitoring facility so if finally handled coal.
In one embodiment, be in outside the acceptable tolerance, can generate a report so if finally handled coal; This report can be any computer installation available that feedback facility network is associated.
Price/trading facilities (business facility) 178 can determine finally to have handled the final price of coal.Business facility 178 can be a computer installation, this computer installation can comprise server, the webserver, desktop computer, laptop computer, handheld computer, PDA, flash memory or or the like.In one embodiment, business facility 178 connectable to network, network can comprise Internet connection, WAN, LAN, P2P or or the like.
In one embodiment, business facility can receive the operational cost of the raw coal cost and the facility 132 of input, thereby determines the final cost of handling coal.Can be in the treating processes of handling coal the operational cost of collection facility 132; Coal can by sign with type, batch number, experiment number, identification number or or the like.In one embodiment, for all processing of coal sign, the operational cost of facility 132 all can be recorded.Operational cost can comprise power cost, used rare gas element, used coal, disposal costs, experimental cost, or the like.
In one embodiment, business report can be all addressable to any computer installation that is associated with feedback facility network.
Coal combustion 200 is included under the situation of high temperature aerobic and makes coal combustion, to produce light and heat.Coal must be heated to its kindling temperature before producing burning.The kindling temperature of coal is the kindling temperature of its fixed carbon content.The kindling temperature of the volatile component of coal is higher than the kindling temperature of fixed carbon.Therefore gaseous product is steamed in combustion processes.When beginning burning, the heat that is produced by the oxidation of flammable carbon can be kept sufficiently high temperature under proper condition and support burning.For example can utilize fixed bed 20 or coal feeder combustion unit, comminuted coal combustion unit 222, fluidized bed combustor 224 or the like carries out direct coal combustion.
Fixed bed 220 systems are used in and have one in the small-sized coal firing boiler more than century.They use blocky coal charging, and size range is 1-5cm.Coal is heated in entering stove the time, so that moisture and volatile materials can be dispersed out.When coal entered into the zone that coal will be lighted, the temperature in the coal bed rose.Have multiple different type, comprise static fire grate, underfeed stoker, chain grate, travelling grate and spreader stoker boiler heat-extraction system.Chain type and travelling grate stove and accessory have similar characteristic.Coal cinder is sent on motion fire grate or the chain, and air is drawn through fire grate and passes through coal bed on its top simultaneously.In spreader stoker, high-speed motor is thrown into coal in the stove of motion fire grate top, so that fuel distribution gets is more even.The stoker stove is characterized as being between 1200-1300 degree centigrade and the quite long residence time of flame temperature usually.
Burning in fixed bed 220 systems is relatively more inhomogeneous, so that may intermittently discharge CO, NO during combustion processes xAnd volatile matter.Incendiary chemical property and temperature can change on the burning fire grate greatly.SO 2Discharging will depend on the sulphur content of the coal of sending into.Because the burning of relative efficiency difference and the oxygen that provides for the carbon content in the coal are limited, residual ash content can have high carbon content (4-5%).
Comminuted coal burning (PCC) the 222nd, the most frequently used combustion method in the coal fired power generation station 204.Before the use, coal can broken (pulverizing) become fine powder.Utilize part to be used for the incendiary air coal of pulverizing is blown to boiler by a series of burner nozzle.Also can increase the second stage or third stage air.Each unit is to approach atmospheric pressure work.In temperature is to burn between 1300-1700 degree centigrade the time, and this depends on coal rank.For bituminous coal, temperature of combustion is maintained between 1500-1700 degree centigrade.For the coal of lower grade, this scope is 1300-1600 degree centigrade.The size range that is used in the coal in the comminuted coal processing is from about 10 to 100 microns.The particle residence time typically is 1-5 second, and these particulate sizes must be made such that their perfect combustion in this time.The steam that produces in this treating processes can drive steam driven generator and turbine generates electricity 204.
Comminuted coal combustion unit 222 is configurable wall fire formula or tangential stove fire formula burner.Wall fire formula burner can be installed on the wall of combustion unit, and tangential stove fire formula can be installed on the turning, and flame applies a swirling motion to gas thus towards the center of boiler during burning, thereby makes that air and fuel are mixed more effectively.Boiler can be called as wet bottom boiler or boiler with dry bottom furnace, and this depends on that whether ash content is to fall the bottom or be removed with the solids form of doing with the molten slag form.A main advantage of comminuted coal burning 222 is the tiny degree of the flying dust that produces.Usually, PCC 222 causes the 65%-85% flying dust, and residue is the form of thick bottom ash (in boiler with dry bottom furnace) or slag (wet bottom boiler).
The boiler that acts as a fuel with hard coal can adopt the downshot burner layout structure, and coal-air mixture is delivered to downwards in the conically shaped body at boiler pedestal place thus.This layout structure allows the longer residence time, and it has guaranteed carbon burning more completely.Another layout structure is known as the honeycomb fashion burner, and it comprises two or three circular burners, and they are combined into the single vertical assembly that produces fine and close strong flame.But the thermal-flame from this burner can cause more NO xForm, make that the advantage of this layout structure is less.
The cyclone-fired boiler boiler has been used to have the coal of low ash softening point, and these coals use with PCC222 may exist some difficulties.Cyclone furnace has the burning chamber that is arranged on taper main burner outside.Main combustion air is carried to coal particle in this stove, and second stage air is tangentially injected this whirlwind, thereby forms strong eddy flow, and bigger coal particle is thrown to the furnace wall.Third stage air directly enters the center whirlpool of whirlwind, with center vacuum (central vacuum) and the position of controlling this stove internal combustion zone.Bigger coal particle is trapped in the smelting zone that is covered with the whirlwind internal surface, can be recycled then, so that burn more completely.Burn in the center that less coal particle enters into whirlpool.This system makes and formed heat-flash in stove, so that coal burns under extreme high-temperature.The burning of combustion gases, remnants and flying dust enter into the boiler chamber and burn more completely.Molten ash flows to the bottom of this stove so that remove under action of gravity.
In a cyclone boiler, the ash content of 80-90% is stayed boiler bottom as molten slag, so that the heat transfer section that seldom has flying dust to pass boiler gives off.These boiler operatiopns are in high temperature (more than from 1650 to 2000 degrees centigrade), and employing is near atmospheric pressure.High temperature causes the NO that produces xMore, this is the main drawback of this class boiler.The cyclone firing boiler can use the coal with following some key characteristic: volatile matter is greater than 15% (butt), for the bituminous coal ash oontent between the 6-25% or for the subbituminous coal ash oontent between 4-25%, and for the bituminous coal moisture content less than 20% or for the subbituminous coal moisture content less than 30%.Ash content must have specific slag viscosity characteristic; Ash slag condition is most important for the function of this class boiler.The fuel of high humidity that can in this class boiler, burn, but need in design to change to some extent.
The comminuted coal boiler 222 of the U.S. has used subcritical or the supercritical steam circulation.The supercritical steam circulation is a kind of critical temperature (374 Hua Mindu) of water and steam cycle on the emergent pressure (22.1mPa) of working in, and wherein the water of gas and liquid phase no longer exists.Subcritical systems typically reaches the thermo-efficiency of 33-34%.Supercritical system can reach the thermo-efficiency than the high 3%-5% of subcritical systems.
The thermo-efficiency that improves coal combustion cause generating electricity 204 cost reduces, because the fuel that needs still less.Thermo-efficiency improves and has also reduced other discharges that produce during the burning, for example SO 2And NO xDischarge.The thermo-efficiency that the old more small-sized equipment of the coal of the low grade of burning has may hang down and reach 30%.For for the relatively large power station of the coal of subcritical steam boiler combustion higher quality, the interval of thermo-efficiency is 35-36%.Utilized the facility of supercritical steam, the scope of its overall thermal efficiency is 43-45%.The maximum thermal efficiency that the maximum thermal efficiency that can reach with the coal of the coal of lower grade and low grade can reach less than the coal with higher level and higher grade.For example, the maximum efficiency that the power station (for example, such power station being arranged in Europe) of a new burning brown coal is estimated can be about 42%, and suitable new bituminous coal power station can reach about 45% maximum thermal efficiency.The supercritical steam power station of use bituminous coal and other optimum construction materials can produce the net thermal efficiency of 45-47%.
Fluidized-bed combustion (FBC) 224 with coal and sorbent material for example Wingdale mix, and during combustion processes, this mixture is carried out fluidisation burn completely and remove sulfurous gas so that allow." fluidisation " is meant following situation, wherein makes solid-state material have unrestricted flow condition as fluid.When gas was upward through granular bed, air-flow can produce the power that makes particle separated from one another tended to.In fluidized-bed combustion, coal burns in the not flammable particle of a heat of by the fluidisation pneumatic floating that makes progress.
FBC 224 systems mainly use with the subcritical steam turbine.Barometric point FBC224 system can be a boiling type or circulating.Adding pressure type FBC 224 systems (still being in initial stage research and development sections at present) mainly use ebullated bed, and can utilize gas and steam turbine to generate electricity in a compound cycle.The FBC 224 that is in barometric point can be used for high-ash coal and/or has the coal of variable characteristic.Thicker coal particle (size is approximately 3mm) can be used relatively.It is between 800-900 degree centigrade that the incendiary temperature takes place, and is significantly less than NO xThe threshold value that forms has lower NO thereby make these systems compare with PCC 222 systems xDischarging.
Ebullated bed has low fluidizing velocity, but makes coal particle be maintained in the dark bed with identified surface of about 1mm.Fall to become more and more hour when coal particle is burned, their finally can be pulled away with the coal gas body, thereby get rid of as flying dust.Circulation bed has been used higher fluidizing velocity, makes coal particle be suspended in the flue gas, and passes main burning chamber and enter in the whirlwind.Bigger coal particle is taken out from gas, and is re-circulated in the burning chamber.Individual particles can be circulated 10-50 time again, and this depends on their combustioncharacteristics.In whole combustion processes, combustion conditions is comparatively consistent, has a large amount of granular mixtures.Although the coal solid is distributed in the entire equipment, still need dense bed propellant combination during burning in the lower stove.For an incendiary bituminous coal, this carbon content is about 1%, and all the other are made of ash content and other mineral substance.
Circulating FBC 224 systems can be designed to the coal of particular type.These systems are specially adapted to the high-ash coal of inferior grade, and such coal is difficult to by pulverizing and can have variable combustioncharacteristics.These systems for other fuel (biological example mass-energy fuel) or the common incendiary coal of refuse also be useful.In case FBC builds up Unit 224, it can utilize its fuel that should use that has been designed to work most effectively.Can adopt multiple design.Thermo-efficiency is lower than suitable PCC system usually to a certain extent.The low-grade coal that use has variable characteristic can reduce thermo-efficiency biglyyer.
The coal that FBC 224 in the compression system can be used for low-grade coal and has variable characteristic.In compression system, combustion unit and gas whirlwind all are encapsulated in the pressurized vessel, and wherein coal and sorbent material are striden across the pressure boundary and send in the system, and ash content strides across the pressure boundary and is removed.When using hard coal, available 25% water mixes coal and Wingdale and send in the system with paste form.The operating pressure of system is 1-1.5MPa, and temperature of combustion is between 800-900 degree centigrade.This burning meeting heating steam (as conventional boiler) drives internal combustion turbine but also can produce hot gas.Presser unit is designed to have the thermo-efficiency more than 40%, and has low discharging.In the future each for the FBC system can comprise improve so that thermo-efficiency greater than 50%.
Some bituminous coal itself is suitable for the melting iron and steel, and need not carry out coking earlier.Whether they are applicable to that this purposes depends on that some attribute (comprising fusibility) of coal and other factors (comprise high fixed carbon content, low ash content (＜5%), low-sulfur, and low calcite (CaCO 3) content) and combination.The expensive 15-50% of the comparable heat-obtaining coal of metallurgical coal.
In an embodiment, the coal of being handled by system and method described herein can be used for gasifying 230.Gasification 230 comprises coal is transformed into inflammable gas, volatile materials, burning and mineral residue (ash content/slag).230 systems that gasify are transformed into hydrocarbon fuels material (as coal) by heating under pressure (normally exist under the situation of steam and carry out) its gaseous state composition.The device that carries out this processing is called as gasifier.Gasification 230 is different from burning because its when taking place only limited air or oxygen can use.Therefore, the perfect combustion of sub-fraction fuel is only arranged.Burnt fuel provides heat for gasification 230 processes of remaining fuel.Replace burning, most of hydrocarbon polymer feeds (for example coal) are chemically resolved into multiple other materials (being referred to as synthetic gas).Synthetic gas mainly is hydrogen, carbon monoxide and other gaseous compounds.Yet based on the type of used feed and the gasification condition of employing, the composition of synthetic gas can be different.
Remaining mineral substance can't gasify as carbonaceous material in the feed.Remaining mineral substance can be separated and get rid of.Sulphur impurity in the coal can form hydrogen sulfide, can produce sulphur or sulfuric acid with hydrogen sulfide.Because gasification takes place, therefore can not form NO usually under reductive condition xBut formation ammonia.If what use during gasification 230 is oxygen rather than air, carbonic acid gas can be created within the concentrated gas steam so, thereby to be separable avoiding enter in the atmosphere as pollutent for it.Gasification 230 can be used those coals that is difficult to use in combustion plant, for example those have the coal of high sulfur content or high ash oontent.The pit ash characteristic of using in gasifier can influence the efficient of this treating processes, and this is not still because they have influenced the formation of slag, and because they can influence solid deposition in syngas cooler or the heat exchanger.When being in lesser temps (for example temperature in fixed bed and the fluidized gasification device), will bring some problems if form tar.
Three class available gasifier systems are arranged: fixed bed, fluidized-bed, and jet flow (entrainedflow).Fixed bed unit (not being used for usually generating electricity) is used lumped coal.Fluidized-bed uses the coal that is of a size of 3-6mm.Compare with fluidised bed system (about 900 degrees centigrade), jet unit is used the coal of pulverizing.Jet unit runs on higher service temperature (about 1600 degrees centigrade).
Gasifier can run under the barometric point or can be pressurized.Utilize the gasification of pressurization, must stride across the coal that pressure barrier is introduced feed.Heavy expensive lock hopper system can be used to introduce these coals, and perhaps these coals can be used as based on the slurry of water and send into.By-product stream must be relaxed subsequently, gets rid of so that it is striden across pressure barrier.Internally, being used for the heat exchanger of synthetic gas and gas cleaning unit equally must be pressurized.
Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) 232 systems can make the gasification process process be used to generating.In IGCC system 232, the synthetic gas that produces between pneumatolytic stage be eliminated impurity (hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, particulate matter, or the like), and burned to drive internal combustion turbine.In IGCC system 232, carry out heat exchange from the discharge gas and the water of gasification, thereby produce the superheated vapour that drives steam turbine.Owing to used two turbines (gaseous combustion turbine and steam turbine) in combination, this system is also referred to as " compound cycle ".Usually, most power (60-70%) come from the internal combustion turbine in this system.Compare with coal combustion systems, IGCC system 232 produces power with higher thermo-efficiency.
Synthetic gas 234 can be converted to multiple other products.For example, the technology of utilizing those skilled in the art to be familiar with, its composition can be used to very wide liquid or gaseous fuel of production range or chemical as carbon monoxide and hydrogen.As another example, the hydrogen that produces between pneumatolytic stage can be used as the fuel of fuel cell, perhaps also may be used for hydrogen turbine or hybrid power fuel cell-turbine system.Separated hydrogen also can be used as the feed of following refinery from gas stream, and this refinery produces the petroleum products of upgrading with hydrogen.
Synthetic gas 234 also can be converted to the various hydrocarbon polymers that can be used as fuel or be used for further handling.For example adopt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst, synthetic gas 234 can be condensed into light hydrocarbon.Light hydrocarbon can further be converted into gasoline or diesel oil fuel then.Synthetic gas 234 also can be converted to methyl alcohol, the building block that it can be used as fuel, fuel dope or be used for gasoline production.
Coke 238 is a kind of by coal deutero-solid carbon-contg residue, and its volatile component is removed by toasting in High Temperature Furnaces Heating Apparatus (up to 1000 degrees centigrade).Under these temperature, fixed carbon and residual ashes fuse together mutually.Form the low typically ash content of raw material of coke, doctor negative bituminous coal.Coke can be used as fuel, for example in blast furnace during the molten iron.Coke also can be used as the reductive agent of these class methods.Change into the byproduct of coke as coal, may form coal tar, ammonia, lightweight oil and gas body.Because removed the volatile composition of coal in the process 238 of system coke, coke is the ideal fuels that condition is not suitable for the stove of coal combustion self.For example, coke can produce less cigarette or not produce cigarette under combustion conditions, if adopt bituminous coal itself then can cause a large amount of discharges.Before coal can be used as the coal of making coke, coal must satisfy moisture content, ash oontent, sulphur content, volatile component, some harsh standard of tar and plasticity aspect.
In an embodiment, unbodied pure carbon 238 can make by the temperature that coal is heated to about 650-980 degree centigrade in the limited environment of air and obtain under the situation that perfect combustion do not occur.The form of the carbon allotrope graphite that decolorizing carbon 238 is made up of microcosmic carbon xln.Decolorizing carbon 238 thereby have many industrial uses.For example, graphite can be used as electrochemical element, and gac is used for water and air and purifies, and carbon black can be used to strengthen tire.
The basic skills of coke production 238 can be used to make the gaseous mixture of hydrocarbon-containiproducts 240, and this gaseous mixture can be used as fuel (" domestic gas ").Domestic gas can comprise for example about 51% hydrogen, 15% carbon monoxide, 21% methane, 10% carbonic acid gas and nitrogen, and other paraffinic hydrocarbons of about 3%.Other method, for example strange (Lurgi) method in Shandong and saba base of a fruit dust (Sabatier) are synthetic all adopts low-quality coal to produce methane.
Liquefaction changes into liquid hydrocarbon 240 products with coal, and it can be used as fuel.Coal can liquefy by direct method or indirect method.Any method that coal is converted into hydrocarbon polymer 240 fuel must add hydrogen in the coal that contains hydrocarbon polymer.Can utilize four types liquifying method: (1) pyrolytic decomposition and hydrocarbonize, wherein coal is heated lacking air or exist under the situation of hydrogen; (2) solvent extraction, wherein the coal hydrogen compound optionally dissolves and adding hydrogen from coal; (3) catalytic liquefaction, the wherein hydrogenation of catalysts influence coal hydrogen compound; And (4) indirect liquefaction, wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen chemical combination in the presence of catalyzer.As an example, fischer-tropsch process is a catalyzed chemical reaction, and wherein carbon monoxide and hydrogen are converted into multi-form liquid hydrocarbon 240.The material that is produced by this method can comprise the synthetic petroleum supplements, and it can be used as lubricant oils or fuel.
As another example, carbonization at low temperature can be used to make liquid hydrocarbon 240 from coal.In the method, coal (is compared with 800-1000 ℃ of metallurgical coke) by cokeization 238 between 450-700 ℃.The production of these temperature optimization coal tar makes that the coal tar that is rich in the light hydrocarbon 240 is more than the coal tar in other normal coals.Then coal tar further is processed into fuel.
Coal combustion has produced various coal combustion byproducts 242, comprises volatile hydrocarbon, ash content, sulphur, carbonic acid gas, and water.Can further handle these byproducts and obtain economic interests.
Volatile matter comprises those products that during heating discharge with gas or steam except that moisture.For coal, volatile matter per-cent is by at first being heated to coal 105 degrees centigrade with dry-off moisture, then coal is heated to 950 degrees centigrade and gravimetry loss and determines.These materials can comprise that short chain and long chain hydrocarbon add that other gases comprise the mixture of sulphur.Therefore volatile matter comprise gas, the mixture of the olefiant lower boiling organic compound of condensation and tar when cooling.Volatile matter in the coal increases along with other reduction of coal rank.And the coal activity during burning with high-content volatile matter is higher, is easier to light.
Coal ash (waste product of coal combustion) comprises flying dust (removing refuse down from chimney) and bottom ash (from boiler and combustion chamber acquisition).Coarse particles (bottom ash and/or slag) is placed into combustion chamber bottom, and thin part (flying dust) is overflowed by flue, and is given back and reclaim.Coal ash contains the trace elements and the heavy metal of various concentration, comprises Al, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Se, Sr, V and Zn.The ash that reclaims after coal combustion can be used as the additive of cement products, as the additive of excavation or civil engineering work, as the soil activator, and as other products, comprises the component of coating, plastics, paint and binding agent.
Sulphur in the coal can be used as sulfur oxide and discharges during burning, perhaps by with dirt in the reaction of contained basic oxide be retained in the coal ash and (be known as the self-sustaining method of sulphur).Most important basic oxide are CaO in the sulphur self-sustaining, and it is CaCO 3Degradation production also be the products of combustion that calcic has the unit material.Burning of coal is carried out with two successive steps: devolatilization and charcoal burning.During devolatilization, combustible sulphur is converted into SO 2During the charcoal burning, SO 2Forming process, sulphating and CaSO 4Decompose simultaneously and take place.
Destructiveness distillation 244 to coal has produced the coal tar oil and gas, also has metallurgical coke in addition.Discussed before the utilization of metallurgical coke and coal gas as the product of coal conversion.This third byproduct of coal tar has other commercial uses widely.
Coal tar is the complex mixture of hydrocarbon materials.The main body of its composition is different hydrocarbon polymer and the volatile matters of forming of aromatic series, from (benzene) of the simplest and volatility maximum to polycyclic non-volatility macromolecule material.Hydrocarbon polymer major part in the coal tar be based on benzene, based on naphthalene, based on anthracene or based on phenanthrene.Aliphatic hydrocarbon, paraffin and the alkene that also may have varied number.In addition, coal tar contains a spot of simple phenols, for example PHENOL 99.8 MIN ((CARBOLIC ACID)) and benzofuran.Also sulphur compound and nitride compound may have been found.Nitrogen compound in the coal tar is alkaline, belongs to pyridine and quinoline family, for example aniline.
Coal tar can be produced many useful organic chemicalss by level part fractionation 244, comprise benzene,toluene,xylene, naphthalene, anthracene and phenanthrene.These materials are known as coal tar crude oil.They have formed synthetic numerous products, as the basis of dyestuff, medicine, seasonings, spices, synthetic resins, paint, sanitas and explosive.After coal tar crude oil being carried out level part fractionation, stayed the pitch residue.This material can for example be used in the roof, paves the way, in the insulation, waterproof purposes.
Coal tar can not carry out fractionation 244 with its state of nature application yet.Before use, it can be heated to a certain degree to remove its volatile component.Coal tar also is used as sanitas.Coal tar also has been used as roof Material.Coal tar can be used as fuel combustion, although it discharges obnoxious flavour in burning.The tar burning produces the cigarette ash that is known as black smoke in a large number.If collect this cigarette ash, then it can be used for making carbon that electrochemistry uses, stamping ink, dyestuff or the like.
Storing coal for coal combustion facility 200 and other at the scene for coal factory is practice.For power station 204, can store 10% or more a high proportion of annual coal consumption.Yet, too much store coal and may exist and spontaneous combustion risk, loss volatile materials and the relevant problem of loss thermal value.The risk than other coal of other grades is little usually for the risk that hard coal exists.For example, hard coal can not meet with spontaneous combustion, so each dump can be stored quantity-unlimiting coal.On the contrary, if bituminous coal pile too much will spontaneous combustion, and may also can be cracked.
Two types variation can take place in the coal that stores.Inorganic materials for example pyrite may oxidation, and the organic materials in the coal itself can oxidation.When the inorganic materials oxidation, the volume of coal and/or weight may increase, and coal may be cracked.If coal material generation oxidation itself, variation may not be the perception immediately of energy quilt.The oxidation of organic materials relates to the carbon in the coal and the oxidation of hydrogen in the coal, and oxygen absorbed by unsaturated hydrocarbon, may cause the variation of thermal value loss.These variations also may cause spontaneous combustion.
Coal must make land used from being transported to with exploiting.Before transportation, can clean coal earlier, sort and/or be crushed to specific size.In some cases, the power station can be positioned to the colliery of factory's coal supply or near the colliery.For these facilities, coal can transport by forwarder or the like.Yet as a rule, power station and other use the coal facility away from the colliery.From the colliery to the main transporting method railway of the facility carry coal in a distant place.Also can adopt barge and other sea-freight instruments.It is feasible adopting the expressway transportation of truck, but may not be to be economical, and especially distance surpasses under 50 miles the situation.COAL SLURRY PIPE TRANSPORT is suspended in the fine coal in the water.
In one embodiment, being used for the solid fuel processing parameter of solid fuel processing continuously, batch processing or other processing can be by parameter generating facility 128 based on solid fuel desired characteristic and solid fuel treatment facility 132 processing power.As the input of parameter generating facility 128, coal sample data 120 can provide solid-fuelled starting characteristic, and coal desired characteristic 122 can provide the final response of solid-fuelled expectation.
In one embodiment, the first step of determining the solid fuel processing parameter can be the characteristic δ that determines between the final treatment characteristic of actual original solid fuel characteristic and expectation.
As discussed previously, the solid fuel information that is stored in the coal sample data 120 can comprise following information, for example moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.The solid fuel characteristic can by the solid fuel supplier (for example the colliery 102, solid fuel storage facility 112, the solid fuel treatment facility or or the like) provide.In one embodiment, the solid fuel characteristic can be tested and determine to solid fuel treatment facility 132, so that be stored in the coal sample data 120.
In one embodiment, as before discussing, the desired characteristic 122 of coal can be stored the solid fuel characteristic of expectation so that send the client to, or use in solid fuel treatment facility 132 present positions or or the like.For example, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be the part of big facility, and can produce be used for this big facility finally handled solid fuel.In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic 132 can be stored the solid-fuelled desired characteristic of customer requirement, according to the solid fuel that the available solid fuel that receives produces, utilize solid fuel characteristic that the solid fuel that before received produced or or the like.
In one embodiment, the solid fuel processing parameter can be generated by finally the handled solid fuel characteristic of parameter generating facility 128 based on expectation.Expectation final handled the solid fuel characteristic can with the client to burn, further handle, store and resell or the requirement of similar item relevant.
In one embodiment, can generate the solid fuel processing parameter based on the final solid fuel characteristic of expectation and the processing power of solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, based on the final solid-fuelled requirement to expectation, parameter generating facility 128 can and be obtained the solid fuel characteristic from solid-fuelled coal desired characteristic 122 retrievals of the final processing that is used for expecting.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can calculate the final processing solid fuel of producing expectation solid-fuelled preferred characteristics required, that be used to receive.After this calculated, parameter generating facility 128 can retrieve coal sample data 120, so that identify the original solid fuel that can be handled by solid fuel treatment facility 132, thereby produced the final processing solid fuel of expectation.
In one embodiment, this calculating of being carried out by parameter generating facility 128 may be relevant with the processing power of solid fuel treatment facility 132.According to the difference of solid fuel treatment facility 132 configurations, solid fuel treatment facility 128 can have the solid-fuelled ability of certain processing.For example, solid fuel treatment facility 132 may can be removed a certain proportion of moisture from solid fuel in the single solid fuel is handled.Determining suitable original solid fuel when from coal sample data 120, selecting, parameter generating facility 128 can consider finally to have handled the desired amount of solid fuel moisture and the amount of moisture of the calculating that can remove from original solid fuel, so that determine initial solid fuel moisture characteristic.For example, if the final moisture per-cent of expectation is 5% moisture content, and solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be removed 80% moisture from original solid fuel in the single treatment process, and the initial solid fuel of Xuan Zeing can be selected from have original solid-fuelled group of 25% moisture content so.Alternatively, parameter generating facility 128 can select to have the original solid fuel than high humidity per-cent, and determines the processing scheme that many covers have reflected the most effective or most cost-effective processing plan.The processing power that it will be understood by those skilled in the art that solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be different because of the difference of solid fuel type, and can be according to solid-fuelled other characteristics, or previous different and different with solid-fuelled experience or the like of facility.
In one embodiment, for solid-fuelled each characteristic of expectation, all can carry out the calculating of carrying out by parameter generating facility 128.In one embodiment, the calculating that the final solid fuel characteristic of this group expectation is carried out can produce one group of original solid fuel characteristic.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can attempt that this is organized original solid fuel characteristic and original solid fuel mates, and wherein for this original solid fuel, data have been stored in the coal sample data 120.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be attempted to utilize accurate match-on criterion, optimum matching standard, be had the coupling that the characteristic of higher coupling right of priority is carried out based on some, the combination of match-on criterion, statistical match-on criterion or or the like come the matching parameter collection.
In one embodiment, as the result of matching process, parameter generating facility 128 may be found to satisfy match-on criterion more than a kind of original solid fuel.For example, if use the optimum matching standard, the retrieval to coal sample data 120 can produce more than a kind of original solid fuel so.In one embodiment, the optimum matching standard can require to identify the original solid fuel that meets at least some solid fuel parameters; Optimum matching can be the original solid fuel that has mated maximum parameters.In one embodiment, the result set from the parameter matching process can comprise the original solid-fuelled sequential list of coupling; Solid fuel with highest ranking can be positioned at place, top, the bottom that is in this table of the lowest class.In one embodiment, sequence list can be according to client's needs ordering.
In one embodiment, the original solid-fuelled table that is mated can be provided for the operator of solid fuel treatment facility 132, so that select the solid fuel that will use, thereby produces the final processing solid fuel of expectation.In one embodiment, the operator can be provided the original solid fuel table of coupling; This table can comprise the evaluation rank and indicate the original solid fuel that is considered to optimum matching.In one embodiment, under the situation that multifrequency nature is mated, parameter generating facility 128 can be provided with the priority level table of the importance of a reflection special parameter coupling.In one embodiment, under the situation that multifrequency nature is mated, parameter generating facility 128 can calculate a kind of comprehensive matching index of representing the matching degree between all characteristics.In one embodiment, for calculating comprehensive matching exponential purpose, the priority level table can be used to some characteristic coupling is provided big weight.In an embodiment, be used to estimate that the parameter of the coupling degree of approach can be selected by the user, be consistent with specification with the user thereby make priority level, comprehensive or other coupling observed values may be utilized.
In one embodiment, after having selected original solid fuel, parameter generating facility 128 can generate one group of parameter, is used for original solid fuel is handled.
In another embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can calculate the solid fuel processing parameter based on the ability of available solid fuel and solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, can there be at least a solid fuel that available receives for solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be selected the original solid fuel of a kind of available, from coal sample data 120, determine original solid-fuelled characteristic, and determine the producible solid fuel of finally having handled based on the processing power of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Parameter generating facility 128 also can be to original solid fuel in primary treatment cycle period and the variation modeling that repeatedly takes place during the cycle of treatment.When considering the ability of solid fuel treatment facility, described parameter generating facility 128 also can carry out modeling to utilizing some different treatment parameter sets to handle original solid-fuelled result, thereby can select the most effectively and have most cost-efficient processing scheme plan.
In one embodiment, single original solid fuel can produce more than one type finally handled solid fuel.For example, the original solid fuel of selection can have 30% moisture content, and solid fuel treatment facility 132 may can be got rid of 1/3 to 2/3 moisture in each treating processes.Therefore, can to produce moisture content in single treatment be 10% to 20% final solid phase prod to described solid fuel treatment facility.If second around reason is got rid of 1/3 to 2/3 moisture equally, can obtain moisture content and be the final solid phase prod between 3.3% to 13.3%.Second around reason and follow-up carry out handle effect same in the time of may can't obtaining to handle once more, the moisture of same ratio when the multipass processing of back can not be got rid of and be handled with first pass with first pass.In addition, single pass is handled comparable multipass and is handled more efficient and/or cost efficient more, and vice versa.Therefore, utilize single pass to handle, it is solid fuel between 10% to 20% that solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be produced moisture content.Utilize single pass to handle, it is solid fuel between 3% to 13% that solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be produced moisture content.Expectation obtain moisture content be 10% final solid-fuelled user can to utilize some dissimilar processing schemes be to realize this result, this depends on the economy of utilizing different parameters and different schemes plan to handle at least in part.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined final solid fuel characteristic for the original solid fuel characteristic of all selections based on the ability of solid fuel treatment facility 132.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that optimizing final solid-fuelled particular characteristics may need some unsatisfactory processing parameters, so that optimize other characteristics.Therefore, can consider to select for use the multipass processing mode, every around reason is used different parameters, thereby makes and can the final solid fuel characteristic of multiplicity be optimized.
In one embodiment, when generating solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameterss, parameter generating facility 128 can be considered the solid fuel that is used to expect, the final solid fuel characteristic of the solid fuel of requirement or the solid fuel of producing in history etc.
In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameterss can be determined according to selected final expectation solid fuel.
In another embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can calculate the operating parameters that is used for solid fuel treatment facility 132 based on the previous solid fuel of handling in the solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be stored and be used for the previous original solid fuel that receives and finally handled solid-fuelled historical information by what the original solid fuel that receives was produced.Utilize this treating processes, when receiving certain original solid fuel, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined the solid-fuelled characteristic of processing that can produce with original solid fuel.In addition, parameter generating facility 128 can mate the determined solid fuel of finally having handled of finally having handled solid fuel and requirement, so that calculate the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be kept for handling the original solid-fuelled historical operation supplemental characteristic of previous reception; These historical operation parameters can be used, and new parameter need not be calculated.
In one embodiment, can calculate the operating parameters that solid fuel treatment facility 132 is used for continuous processing, batch processing or other solid fuel treating processess.
In one embodiment, determined the operating parameters that is used for the solid fuel processing at parameter generating facility 128, described operating parameters can be transmitted to monitoring facility 134, controller 144, parameter controller 140 or allied equipment.
In one embodiment, when handling solid fuel with continuous treating processes, batch process or continuous and batch process combination or the like, the feedback loop between available monitoring facility 134, controller 144, processes sensor 142 or the like monitors.
As previously discussed, parameter generating facility 128 can calculate the solid fuel processing parameter that the various assemblies by solid fuel treatment facility 132 are used, and meets specific standard thereby solid fuel is processed into.Specific standard can be based on the ability of requirement of client, solid fuel treatment facility 132 or the original solid fuel of available or the like.
In one embodiment, when handling solid fuel in solid fuel treatment facility 132, monitoring facility 134 can monitor treating processes by receive process information from processes sensor 142.In one embodiment, controller 144 can provide operational order to various assemblies (for example microwave system 148), so that solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, processes sensor 142 can detect the operation of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Non-solid fuel Products or non-assembly (non-component) that transmitter 142 can detect the input and output of band facility 130 each assembly, discharge from solid fuel during handling are measured (for example moisture level) or the like.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can receive the solid fuel processing parameter from parameter generating facility 128.In the supervision that solid fuel is handled, monitoring facility 134 can be used corresponding range of tolerable variance to the parameter that is provided.In one embodiment, range of tolerable variance can based on the ability of assembly, the ability of transmitter, a certain solid fuel handle desired minimum and maximum parameter or previous solid fuel is handled, or the like.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined the range of tolerable variance that is applied to the solid fuel processing parameter.
In one embodiment, controller 144 can receive does not have the solid fuel of range of tolerable variance parameter.Controller can provide operational order based on the solid fuel parameter that does not have range of tolerable variance.
In one embodiment, can set up treating processes to monitor and feedback loop, so that watch-keeping and the processing parameter that upgrades continuous solid body fuel treatment, the processing of batch solid fuel or the like at monitoring facility 134, controller 144 and 142 of transmitters.
In one embodiment, feedback loop can start from operating parameters is offered the parameter generating facility 128 of monitoring facility 134 and controller 144.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be to operating parameters application parameter tolerance; Parameter tolerances can be used to the reading of transmitter 142 and acceptable result are compared.In one embodiment, described operating parameters can comprise and be used to control solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies, and non-assembly is handled the parameter of measuring (for example moisture clearance) etc.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can utilize the information that is used for non-assembly measurement of transmitter 142 to revise the parameter of component parameter.
In one embodiment, each assembly by operating parameters being sent to band facility 130 (for example microwave system 148, delivery system, preheat 138, parameter control 140, removal system 150 etc.), controller 144 can begin solid fuel to be handled.In one embodiment, controller 144 can be under the situation of zero allowance be sent to operating parameters the solid fuel processing components.After having received operating parameters, the solid fuel processing components can begin to utilize continuous treating processes or batch process to wait to handle solid fuel.
In one embodiment, Once you begin solid-fuelled processing, transmitter 142 can begin to measure the output from various solid fuel processing components operations.In one embodiment, handle output and can comprise following observed value, for example level of microwave power, microwave frequency, belt speed, temperature, airflow, rare gas element or the like.In one embodiment, the output of processing can comprise the measurement of non-assembly output, such as moisture removal, ash content removal, desulfurization, solid fuel surface temperature, air themperature, or the like.As discussed previously, transmitter 142 can be set at along all places of band facility 130, so that measure the output that various solid fuels are handled.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can provide the measurement value sensor of solid fuel processing output to monitoring facility 134.Monitoring facility 134 can be during solid fuel be handled the observed value of receiving sensor 142 in real time.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can compare the observed value of transmitter 142 and the range of tolerable variance of operating parameters.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can comprise and variously comes the algorithm of retouching operation parameter based on transmitter 142 observed values that receive.If the observed value of transmitter 142 is in outside the range of tolerable variance, these algorithms can be determined the index word of operating parameters so.For example the observed value of transmitter 142 can be in or be higher than or be lower than range of tolerable variance.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can set up transmitter 142 observed values of real time sensor 142 observed values, sampling, average transmitter 142 observed values, statistics transmitter 142 observed values or or the like on operating parameters revise.
In one embodiment, operating parameters is revised can be based on can carrying out based on non-component sensors 142 observed values, such as moisture remove, ash content is removed,, desulfurization, solid fuel surface temperature, solid fuel weight, or the like.In one embodiment, the algorithm of revising facility 134 can be related with solid fuel treatment facility 132 component parameters with some non-component sensors 142 observed value, to adjust the reading of non-component sensors 142.For example, the non-assembly observed value moisture level in the band facilities environment can require microwave system 148 to increase or reduce parameter for example microwave system power, microwave frequency, microwave dutycycle, or microwave system active number of times or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 algorithms can be with the reading of component sensor 142 and relevant transmitter 142 reading combinations, to determine whether to need to revise component parameter.For example, transmitter 142 readings that are used for microwave system 148 power levels can combine with the moisture level in the zone of microwave system 148.The possibility of result is to make amendment to the parameter of microwave system 148, this considered that the current power of microwave system 148 is horizontally disposed with and environment in amount of moisture.In this embodiment, the observed value of microwave system 148 power settings can be higher than the parameter setting of expectation, but the moisture reading can be lower than the moisture level of expectation.In this embodiment, can improve the power setting parameter, from solid fuel, to get rid of more moisture, even the power setting of microwave system has been handled on the expectation setting.
In one embodiment, non-component sensors 142 observed values can be associated with solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies more than.In one embodiment, can there be a plurality of non-component sensors 142 observed values to be associated with an assembly.In one embodiment, the algorithm of monitoring facility 138 can be determined how to revise the assembly operation parameter and is in non-component sensors 142 observed values outside the parameter tolerances scope with compensation.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can have predetermined sensor 142 adjustment, can have the knowledge base of parameter adjustment, can utilize neural network to come ordering parameter based on the adjustment of before carrying out, adjustment can under people's intervention, carry out or or the like.In one embodiment, the security setting of assembly operation parameter can be imported in the system, and can not be surmounted covering, perhaps needs administrator intervention just can surmount covering.
In one embodiment, the history adjusted of the operating parameters done during can keeping solid fuel to handle of monitoring facility 134.But monitoring facility 134 reference parameter when determining next parameter adjustment big or small is adjusted historical.For example, microwave system 148 power before may be adjusted to the amount of moisture that raising discharges from solid fuel.When determining that based on new transmitter 142 readings microwave system 148 power are adjusted size, monitoring facility 132 can be determined the size of next parameter adjustment with reference to previous parameter adjustment.For example, parameter adjustment history can show that 148 adjustment of last microwave system discharge moisture from 5% raising 2%.This information can be used to determine the power adjustment of microwave system 148, to obtain from the variation of the moisture aspect expectation that solid fuel discharges.In an embodiment, working curve can obtain according to series of measured values in the parameter adjustment history, thereby makes that the adjustment of parameter can be carried out more accurately in response to a certain transmitter 142 readings, thereby obtains the result of expectation.
In one embodiment, in case monitoring facility 134 is adjusted the solid fuel operating parameters, adjusted parameter can be transmitted to controller 144, so that send various solids treatment facility 132 assemblies to.In one embodiment, adjusted parameter can be transmitted in real time, by the period interval transmission of week regular hour, or transmits or the like continuously.
In one embodiment, in case controller 144 receives adjusted parameter, controller just can with adjusted parameter in real time, by cycle regular hour compartment of terrain or continuously or the like mode send various assemblies to.
According to this, monitoring facility 134, controller 144 and transmitter 142 feedback loops are applied to operating parameters solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies serially, measure assembly and non-module information with transmitter 142, send observed value to monitoring facility 134, adjust operating parameters, send adjusted operating parameters to controller, or the like.
In one embodiment, for the continuous treating processes of carrying out the solid fuel processing or batch process or the like, continuous feedback loop can be applied to their operating parameters.
In one embodiment, solid fuel band facility 130 assemblies can be controlled by the operating parameters that parameter generating facility 128 produces, and can be monitored by monitoring facility 134.As discussed previously, described operating parameters can monitor and adjustment that controller 144 can send operating parameters to solid fuel band facility 130 assemblies by monitoring facility 134.
In an embodiment, solid fuel band facility 130 can comprise for example following assembly, that is: conveying belt, and microwave system, transmitter, gathering system, the preheating facility, cooling infrastructure, or the like.In one embodiment, solid fuel band facility 130 can be continuous treatment facility, batch processing facility or or the like.
In one embodiment, produce the solid-fuelled solid fuel of finally having handled that meets one group of desired characteristic and handle the operating parameters control that to select produce expectation solid fuel characteristic by the 130 assembly utilizations of band facility.It will be understood by those skilled in the art that by the control more than one band facility 130 assemblies is adjusted, can produce and finally handle solid-fuelled desired characteristic.For example, by adjusting microwave system 148 power, microwave system 148 frequencies, microwave system 148 dutycycles, preheating temperature, belt speed or atmosphere composition (for example dry air or rare gas element) etc., the moisture that from solid fuel, discharges during the may command treating processes independently or in combination.Band facility 130 component parameters can be subjected to the influence of other requirements, for example the solid fuel handled of each time cycle, initial original fuel characteristic, finally handled fuel characteristic, or the like.
In one embodiment, controller 144 can be stored the operating parameters that is used to facility 130 assemblies, and parameter can be sent to band facility 130 assemblies.In one embodiment, controller 144 can convert operating parameters to the machine order that band facility 130 assemblies can be understood and carry out.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be used to measure the operation of band facility 130 assemblies to obtain handling relevant information with solid fuel.In an embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured information that directly carries facility 130 assemblies (for example microwave system 148) or the envrionment conditions that is produced by the solid fuel processing, such as the moisture that discharges from solid fuel.In an embodiment, envrionment conditions can comprise moisture level, ash content level, sulfur-bearing level, air themperature, solid fuel surface temperature, rare gas element level, rate of cooling or or the like.In one embodiment, a plurality of transmitters 142 can be set at band in the facility 130 and measure same envrionment conditions, or this is for redundancy is provided, or in order to measure at the different positions place so that follow the tracks of the progress of processing.For example, a plurality of transmitters 142 can be set measure the moisture that discharges from solid fuel, these wetness sensor 142 can be positioned at microwave system 148 places, after microwave system 148 stations, or the like.In addition, the amount that water sensor is measured the liquid water that collect at water gathering station place in band facility 130 can be set.In one embodiment, can be every type the measurement of carrying out in the band facility 130 a plurality of transmitters are set.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can write down various assemblies and non-module information, and sends these information to monitoring facility 134.As discussed previously, monitoring facility can use transmitter 142 information that receive that the solid fuel processing parameter is adjusted.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can send adjusted solid fuel processing parameter to controller, so that solid-fuelled processing is made amendment.
In one embodiment, solid-fuelled processing can be measured continuously, to guarantee to obtain finally to have handled solid-fuelled characteristic.In this way, the solid fuel treating processes can be adjusted continuously by any variation of the original solid fuel characteristic of response.For example, original solid fuel characteristic for example moisture content during original solid fuel is handled, can change.In this embodiment, when the beginning of around reason, when moisture content begins a level, in treating processes, can uprise or step-down afterwards.In one embodiment, any measurable solid fuel characteristic can change in the solid fuel supply.By using the transmitter 142 in the band facility 130, just in processed, operating parameters can be adjusted to and produce consistent feature set in the whole time that solid fuel is handled at solid fuel.In one embodiment, band facility 130 operating parameterss can be adjusted to and obtain finally to have handled feature set consistent in the solid fuel.
In an embodiment, when solid fuel was processed, adjustable parameter can comprise microwave energy, air themperature, rare gas element level, air velocity, belt speed, or the like.In one embodiment, the operating parameters of band facility 130 can by with independently, as one group of ground, become associated group (for example belt speed and microwave power) or the like mode monitor and adjust, or the like.
In one embodiment, the method for supervision and adjustment operating parameters can be applied to continuous treating processes, batch process or other solids treatment methods.In batch process, the original solid fuel characteristic of input may change between each batch, and may need different operating parameterss, so that produce the consistent solid fuel of processing when treating processes finishes.
In one embodiment, the transmitter 142 of solid fuel band facility 130 can be measured from solid fuel because of solid fuel and handle the product that discharges, can measure solid fuel band facility 130 assemblies operating parameters or or the like.Thereafter, transmitter 142 can send the information of measuring to controller 144, can send the information of measuring to monitoring facility 134, can send the information of measuring to price/trading facilities, the information of measurement can be sent to parameter controller 140 or or the like.In one embodiment, solid fuel band facility 130 can be handled continuously or batch processing or the like mode is handled solid fuel, and transmitter 142 can write down the solid fuel process information from these treating processess.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured band facility 130 component parameters, it can comprise belt speed, microwave system 148 power, microwave system 148 frequencies, microwave system 148 dutycycles, air themperature, inert gas flow, airflow, air pressure, inert gas pressure, release products storage tank level, heating rate, rate of cooling, or the like.In addition, transmitter 148 also can be measured non-operational or environment parameter information, it can comprise amount, the ash amount of collection, solid fuel weight, solid fuel surface temperature, preheating temperature, the cooling temperature of sulphur of the water yield, the collection of sulphur steam, the collection of water vapor, the release of release, or the like.In one embodiment, can be the band facility each assembly at least one transmitter 142 is set.For example, microwave system 148 can have one or more transmitter 142, so that measure energy expenditure, frequency, power output, or the like.In one embodiment, can be provided with more than one transmitter 142 and measure non-component parameter.For example, the moisture that one or more moisture level transmitter 142 measures in the whole solid fuel band facility 130 can be set discharges.Can be at microwave system 148 stations places, just in time after microwave system 148 stations or or the like the position wetness sensor 142 is set.Microwave system 148 stations more than one also can be set, and it also can have the wetness sensor 142 more than.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured the resource consumption of solid fuel treatment facility 132, for example power of Xiao Haoing, used rare gas element, used gas, used oil plant or or the like.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured the product that solid fuel treatment facility 132 produces, for example water, sulphur, ash content, or other products that discharge from solid fuel during handling.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 metrical information can be sent to controller 144, monitoring facility 134, price/trading facilities 178 or or the like.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 optionally transmits, and does not for example transmit all solid fuel treatment facility 132 information and gives all information reception facilities.
In one embodiment, controller 144 can be from various band facility 130 assemblies receiving sensor 142 information.Controller can be responsible for safeguarding the operating parameters state of various band facility 130 assemblies.For example, controller can be responsible for keeping belt speed in the continuous treating processes of solid fuel.Transmitter 142 can provide belt speed information to controller 144, and it can make controller keep the speed of desired parameters.For example, when increasing in the band facility 130 or having removed a certain amount of solid fuel, may need different power levels keeping uniform belt speed, and controller 144 can adjust to power demand, to keep uniform belt speed.
In one embodiment, but monitoring facility 134 receiving sensors 142 information, and it allows the control desired operating parameter, to handle original solid fuel.In one embodiment, but monitoring facility 134 receiving unit transmitters 142 information, its can comprise microwave system 148 frequencies, microwave system 148 power, microwave system 148 dutycycles, belt speed, rare gas element level, or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can receive non-component sensors 142 information, and it can comprise moisture, the sulphur of release, the ash content of release, solid fuel surface temperature, the air themperature of release, or the like.
As discussed previously, monitoring facility 134 can utilize that algorithm will receive is used for assembly and nonassemblied transmitter 142 information are carried out combination, to obtain and/or to keep required operating parameters,, thereby produce the final processing solid fuel of expectation so that solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can receive one group of elementary operation parameter from parameter generating facility 128.Therefore monitoring facility 134 can adjust the elementary operation parameter based on transmitter 142 information that receive.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can send adjusted operating parameters to controller 144, so that control solid fuel band facility 130.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 for example can receive and finally handle the relevant transmitter of solid-fuelled cost/profit 142 information.In one embodiment, the information of relevant cost/profit can comprise the calculating that maybe can allow to carry out following project, that is: produce finally handled solid-fuelled cost, running stores for example rare gas element, the non-solid fuel product collected amount, finally handled solid-fuelled amount or or the like.
In one embodiment, the heat transfer agent of relevant cost can comprise: used power, and used rare gas element, the solid fuel input, or the like.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be set and measure the power that each solid fuel treatment facility 132 assembly consumes.In one embodiment, the power that is consumed can comprise electricity, gas, wet goods etc.In one embodiment, used running stores can comprise amount of inert gas, water, or the like.
In one embodiment, the heat transfer agent of relevant profit can comprise the water yield of collecting, the sulfur content of collecting, the ash amount of collecting, finally handled solid-fuelled amount, or the like.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can real-time mode, in the time increment mode, come receiving sensor 142 information in mode of receiving on request or the like.In one embodiment, receiving information on request can be that the requirement of per list price/trading facilities 178, transmitter 142 or the like receives.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 available algorithm determine finally to have handled solid-fuelled amount, here the information that uses can comprise: the per unit amount cost of initial original solid-fuelled per unit amount cost, solid fuel treatment facility 132, the profit material (for example water, sulphur or ash content) of solid fuel treatment facility 132, solid fuel treatment facility 132 per unit amount running stores, or the like.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can provide cost/profit information, it can comprise: solid fuel inlet amount, required energy, the energy with required, amount of inert gas, microwave system 148 required energy, the solid fuels of the preheating required energy that cools down, or the amount of solid fuel discharge, the water of collecting, the sulphur of collecting, ash content of collecting or the like.
In one embodiment, the per unit cost of price/trading facilities 178 addressable electric power, gas, oil, solid fuel or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 addressable release products are water, sulphur, ash content for example, the market price of solid fuel or the like.
In one embodiment, utilize the market price of unit cost, cost information and product, price/trading facilities 178 can be determined the price of final finished product solid fuel, release products etc.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate as follows and finally handle solid-fuelled price, promptly calculate in real time, calculate on an average, computation of mean values, when solid-fuelled around reason finishes, calculate or calculate with incremental mode, or the like.
For example, price/trading facilities 178 can receive initial original solid fuel cost information from coal sample data 120.The transmitter of charging facility 124 can provide transports to the solid-fuelled rate of freight of handling in the solid fuel band facility 130.Solid fuel band facility 130 transmitters can provide following information: preheat the required energy of solid fuel, transport solid fuel, rare gas element is input to the speed in the band facility 130, the energy that microwave system 148 is required, the energy that cooling infrastructure 164 is required, the finished product of removing from solid fuel treatment facility 132 has been handled solid-fuelled amount, or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can combine these measurement value sensors with the unit cost of each cost type, thereby develop just at processed solid-fuelled cost model.In one embodiment, cost model can comprise solid-fuelled each the stand-alone assembly cost of processing is added initial original solid fuel cost, has finally handled solid-fuelled cost thereby calculate.
In one embodiment, can will finally handle solid-fuelled calculated value and solid-fuelled market price compares, thereby set up effective model for solid fuel treatment facility 132.
In addition, price/trading facilities 178 can receive the information of the amount of the non-solid fuel product of collecting about solid fuel treatment facility 132 with market price, and these non-solid fuel products for example are water, sulphur, ash content, or other solid fuel release products or the like.This information can be used to calculate the unit market price of various solid fuel release products, thereby provides Profit model for the solid fuel release products.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can assess the cost model, Profit model, efficiency Model, and other finance models that are used for 132 operations of solid fuel treatment facility.
In an embodiment, the microwave system 148 of band facility 130 can be to act on solid fuel with one of a plurality of solid fuel treatment facility 132 processing components of removing expected product not from solid fuel.Microwave system 148 can be used individually, can be used in combination with a plurality of microwave systems 148 or with remove not that other processing of expected product are used in combination, or the like.
In one embodiment, the solid fuel product by heating that the microwave that microwave system 148 produces can be used to not expect is to a temperature, and the solid fuel product that this temperature can cause not expecting discharges from solid fuel.In one embodiment, the solid fuel of not expecting can be water moisture, sulphur, vitriol, sulfide, ash content, chlorine or mercury or the like.In one embodiment, when microwave energy is applied on the solid fuel, the product of not expecting can be heated to can cause the product do not expected from solid fuel with gas, liquid, gas liquid combination and or the temperature that discharges of similar type.For example, in case the water that is included in the solid fuel reaches the temperature that makes water become steam, then water can be used as gas release and goes out.But according to the difference of the temperature of sulphur, sulphur can be used as gas or discharges as liquid.In one embodiment, when sulphur was heated, sulphur at first was released as liquid, was released as gas then.In one embodiment, discharging the product of not expecting with the two-stage delivery mode can have superiority, and this can impel the product of not expecting to discharge fully from solid fuel.
In one embodiment, band facility 130 microwave systems 148 more than can be set, with removing the solid fuel product of not expecting.In one embodiment, can be in band facility 130 setting more than one microwave system 148.Can use different controlled variable (for example frequency, power, dutycycle, or the like) to solid fuel more than one microwave system 148.In one embodiment, different microwave system 148 controlled variable can be at some expected product not, so that it is removed from solid fuel.In addition, microwave system 148 can be at a certain removal method of expected product not, for example apply energy with expected product not be converted into gas, apply energy with expected product not be converted into liquid, or the like.
In one embodiment, microwave system 148 can comprise the microwave device more than, and each device can be operated independently, or operates as the part of certain group, or the like.
In one embodiment, microwave system 148 can be operated independently; Therefore, can be each independently microwave device one group of operating parameters is set.For example, microwave system 148 can have the independent microwave device more than, and each independent microwave device can have controlled variable for example power, frequency, dutycycle, or the like.In one embodiment, each microwave device independently of controller 144 and monitoring facility 134 may command.
In one embodiment, independently controlled microwave device can be carried out different functions, so that the removal of solid fuel product is not expected in influence.For example, first microwave device can work in has a certain frequency that firm power is provided with, and second microwave can work in the different frequency that has utilized dutycycle, and power setting wherein can change in time.These two kinds of microwave device work in combination can be at utilizing specific material phase (for example gas or liquid) to remove specific not expected product.
In one embodiment, microwave system 148 can comprise a plurality of microwave devices as one group of work; Therefore can be whole microwave group one cover operating parameters is set, and need not manage in the group of microwave system 148 to have how many microwave devices.For example, with a plurality of microwave device groupings and for all microwave devices provide identical frequency and power setting, this can become a plurality of less microwave devices of a kind of usefulness and replace a large-scale microwave device that the method for high microwave power is provided to solid fuel.Use a plurality of less microwave devices can make the configuration of microwave device can effectively remove the product of not expecting.
In one embodiment, by the transfer approach of operating parameters, microwave system 148 can become as the microwave device group and carries out work from carry out work as independent one group of microwave device.For example, when transmitting independent parameter for each microwave device, microwave system 148 can be used as independently microwave device work, but when sending one group of operating parameters to microwave device, microwave system 148 can be used as a group job.In one embodiment, microwave system 148 can be used as independently work such as microwave device or microwave device group.
In one embodiment, microwave system 148 can be arranged to provide microwave system 148 treatment combinations along band facility 130, and this treatment combination can be produced the final processing solid fuel of expectation.For example, can arrange at interval along band facility 130, be used for removing the water moisture from solid fuel more than one microwave system 148.First microwave system 148 can be used for removing a certain amount of moisture from solid fuel; Second microwave system 148 can be arranged to from first microwave system, 148 1 segment distances, to remove extra moisture from solid fuel.Can arrange extra microwave system 148 along band facility 130, when band facility 130 moves, to continue to reduce moisture at solid fuel.In one embodiment, by handling, can incremental mode get rid of the solid fuel product of not expecting with a plurality of microwave systems 148 that are provided with along band facility 130.In one embodiment, can there be certain distance, so that allow the product of not expecting discharge 148 of microwave systems; This distance can provide for some time between treatment step.In one embodiment, microwave system can be arranged together compactly.Be understandable that available this treating processes is come independently or jointly removed the solid fuel product that other are not expected with the solid fuel product that other are not expected.
In one embodiment, can be applied to isolating band facility 130 from the energy of microwave system 148, it has handles the solid-fuelled first band facility 130 and further handles solid-fuelled at least one additional band facility 130.In one embodiment, each band facility 130 can be handled solid fuel, then its product is delivered to extra band facility 130, up to reaching the characteristic of finally having handled coal.
In one embodiment, the batch processing facility can not expected the increment type removal of solid fuel product.In one embodiment, the batch processing facility can have at least one microwave facilities 148, can control these microwave facilities by the change operating parameters.For example, microwave system 148 can be with first power, frequency and dutycycle as the first treatment step work, and can use different power, frequency and dutycycle as the second treatment step work.In one embodiment, can between each step, reserve for some time, so that the product of not expecting that allows to produce because of this treatment step discharged fully before another treatment step is carried out.In one embodiment, between each step, can not set apart, and can handle continuously solid fuel in batch.In one embodiment, according to producing the difference of finally having handled what required treatment steps of solid fuel, the batch processing facility can be handled solid fuel with corresponding many treatment steps.
In one embodiment, as before discussing, microwave system 148 can be controlled by feedback loop, and feedback loop can comprise transmitter 142, monitoring facility 134, controller 144 or the like.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be arranged or can be arranged in the batch facility along band facility 130, to measure microwave system 148 in the validity aspect the removal solid fuel product.Transmitter can be disposed in after microwave system 148 places or the microwave system 148, the gaseous state that discharges with measurement not the liquid state that discharges of expected product or measure not expected product, or the like.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be handled solid fuel reading and send monitoring facility 134 to from a plurality of sensor locations.In one embodiment, for each transmitter 142 for the treatment of processes, monitoring facility 134 can have a target reading.When receiving transmitter 142 readings from transmitter 142A, monitoring facility 134 can compare transmitter 142 readings and the sensor of interest reading that receives, and whether is handling solid fuel on request to determine the solid fuel treating processes.In one embodiment, based on transmitter 142 readings that receive, monitoring facility 134 can send adjusted operating parameters to each assembly of band facility 130.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can get up each transmitter 142 in the band facility and the operative association of band facility 130 a certain assemblies.In one embodiment, when sensor reading is used to control unit, can give each transmitter 142 reading a weight.For example, be arranged in the first sensor 142 of one of microwave system 148 same position and compare with second transmitter that is arranged in a certain distance from this microwave system 148 downstreams, first sensor 142 can be given bigger weight.In one embodiment, but the weight table of monitoring facility 134 maintenance sensor has been listed the weight that transmitter 142 readings should be given in this weight table.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be stored previous transmitter 142 readings, this make monitoring facility 134 can follow the tracks of the sensor reading of instant sensor reading, average sensor readings, statistics, sensor reading trend, sensor reading velocity of variation, or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can determine whether to need to adjust component parameter with any sensor tracking.
In one embodiment, different sensor readings 142 can be used to adjust the different parameters of being with facility 130 assemblies.For example, first sensor 142 can be used to monitor and adjust the frequency of microwave system 148, and second transmitter 142 can be used to monitor and adjust the power of microwave system 148.In one embodiment, a plurality of transmitters 142 related with microwave system 148 can be used to adjust in the microwave system 148 each independently microwave device.For example, if four microwave devices are arranged in a microwave system 148, a plurality of transmitters that are associated with microwave system 148 can be used to adjust independently this four microwave devices.In addition, can be controlled similarly, perhaps controlled or press group control independently along arbitrary microwave system 148 that band facility 130 is arranged.
Be understandable that, can control all band facility assemblies in the same manner.
In one embodiment, band facility 130 assemblies can receive monitoring facility 134 based on finally having handled the parameter that the solid fuel characteristic is adjusted.In one embodiment, when handled solid fuel fully in solid fuel treatment facility 132 after, test facilities 170 can be tested and finally handle solid-fuelled sample, so that determine final solid-fuelled characteristic.In one embodiment, test facilities 170 can be solid fuel treatment facility 132 a part, can be solid fuel treatment facility 132 outsides test facilities or or the like.
In one embodiment, test facilities 170 can be tested solid-fuelled following characteristic: moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lbM-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.In one embodiment, these final solid fuel characteristics can be stored in the coal output parameter 172, and they can be obtained by coal desired characteristic 122, feedback facility 174, monitoring facility 134 or the like at this.
In one embodiment, when carrying out same time solid fuel processing in the solid fuel treatment facility 132, just can determine final solid-fuelled characteristic.In one embodiment, still when processed, just can obtain the subclass of final solid fuel characteristic at solid fuel.This characteristic subclass determines that this test in place facility can allow to provide feedback in real time to monitoring facility 134 in the test facilities 170 at the scene.
In one embodiment, coal output parameter 172 can send Test Information to monitoring facility 134, and monitoring facility 134 can pull Test Information from coal output parameter 172, or or the like.
In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be used as in the 132 operating parameters adjustment of solid fuel treatment facility the solid fuel Test Information that receives with the additional input that is considered.In one embodiment, therefore parameter generating facility 128 can utilize historical Test Information by the Test Information of storage in the coal desired characteristic 122 visit coal output parameters 172 in the generation of initial operational parameters.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can send historical Test Information to monitoring facility 134.In one embodiment, the historical Test Information of transmission can be outline information, Statistical information, sample message, tendency information, Test Information and previous operating parameters relation, or the like.
In one embodiment, the historical Test Information of monitoring facility 134 autoregressive parameter generation in the future facility 128 compares with the new Test Information from coal output parameter 172, to determine the degree of correlation of new Test Information and historical information.In one embodiment, when these experiments were finished, monitoring facility 134 can be stored new Test Information.In one embodiment, new Test Information can be stored in for some time in the monitoring facility 134, and 132 pairs of specific time inferior original solid fuels of solid fuel treatment facility are handled therebetween.In one embodiment, the Test Information of storage can be to be used for the current historical information that this handles all over original solid fuel.In one embodiment, institute's canned data can provide current tendency information that this handles all over solid fuel, Statistical information, sample message, or the like.In one embodiment, when receiving Test Information, institute's canned data available action parameter storage.In one embodiment, monitoring facility can be analyzed the relation of the operating parameters when receiving Test Information, concerns between parameter trend and final experiment information so that obtain.
In one embodiment, when monitoring facility 134 receives new Test Information, can be with this information and historical Test Information comparison, compare with the experiment information of being stored or carry out other relatively.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be with a factor in relatively the adjusting as solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameterss of Test Information.In one embodiment, experiment information can be used as a direct factor of parameter adjustment, the indirect adjustment factor (for example multiplier) of parameter adjustment, directly and the combination of indirect factor, or the like.
In one embodiment, Test Information can influence the adjustment of operating parameters by just being used to handle the final processing solid fuel whether solid-fuelled operating parameters is just producing expectation to monitoring facility 134 indications.For example, band facility 130 transmitters 142 can be indicated the moisture of just getting rid of appropriate amount during handling from solid fuel, and this experiment information can provide characteristic data to indicate the per-cent that just is retained in the moisture in the solid fuel to be different to be used to the data computation that carries facility 130 transmitters 142 to go out.In one embodiment, experiment information can be used to adjust operating parameters, and can revise solid-fuelled processing, thereby realizes the change of final Test Information characteristic.
In one embodiment, Test Information can be monitored facility 134 and be used for: the ordering parameter weight table, adjustment is used for the coefficient of the algorithm of operating parameters adjustment, determine whether need be in solid fuel be handled the extra band facility assembly (for example starting more microwave system 148) of utilization, need to determine whether the solid-fuelled a certain treating processes of extra multipass ground operation (for example carrying out the multipass processing), or the like.
In one embodiment, the non-fuel product of removing from solid fuel during handling can be collected by solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be measured the product that discharges as gas or liquid etc. from solid fuel.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be connected with transmitter 142 by interface with controller 144, thus the removal of sustained release product.In one embodiment, transmitter 142, monitoring facility 134, controller 144 etc. can send release products information to price/trading facilities 178.In one embodiment, transmitter 142 information that receive at monitoring facility 134 and controller 144 places can allow to calculate immediate removal rate, average removal rate, total release products, release products type, or the like.
In one embodiment, when discharging the non-fuel product during the processing from solid fuel, removal system 150 can collect them, removal system 150 can get rid of discharge gas, discharge liquid, can be condensed into liquid release gas, or the like.In one embodiment, removal system 150 more than one can be set in solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, the gas of release can be collected in ventilation opening, pipeline or the container, so as with these gas transports to holding in facility 162, treatment facility 160, disposal facility 158 or the like.In one embodiment, the liquid of release and the release gas that is condensed into liquid can be collected in liquid buffer, pipeline or the container, so as with liquid transport to holding in facility 162, treatment facility 160, disposal facility 158 or the like.
In one embodiment, such transmitter 142 can be set, the amount of the non-fuel product that this sensor measurement discharges, and send measuring result to monitoring facility 134, controller 144 etc.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can determine release products amount, product release rate, be collected in release products amount in the buffer, discharge the gas clearance, or the like.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 need can to determine whether to improve, reduce or change the clearance of non-fuel product in other mode, so that be consistent with the release rate of solid fuel product.For example, monitoring facility 134 can receive such transmitter 142 information, that is: the release liquid product that is forming will be more than the release liquid product of just removing from solid fuel treatment facility 132 by the liquid collecting buffer.In response to this information, monitoring facility 134 can command controller 144 to improve the liquid clearance.In one embodiment, this can comprise: improve pump speed with change clearance, start another pump with change clearance, or the like.In a similar mode, gas sensor 142 can send the attribute of gas release atmosphere (pressure, temperature, gas concentration, or the like) to monitoring facility 134, and whether these attributes can indicate and discharge gas and just be removed with suitable speed.In one embodiment, by adjust fan speed, start another fan, stop a certain fan, pressure in the change gas container cavity or the like, monitoring facility 134 can command controller 144 to change the gas clearances.In one embodiment, the removal system 150 of solid fuel treatment facility 13 can be controlled independently or as a part of a certain group.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142 can be arranged in all places along band facility 130, so that measure the result that various solid fuels are handled.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be adjusted the operation of release system 150 based on transmitter 142 readings, and wherein said sensor reading has been indicated for example speed or the amount of release products.Monitoring facility 134 can calculate non-fuel product release rate based on transmitter 142 readings, and can wait the clearance of adjusting removal system 150 based on product release rate, product level or product atmosphere reading.In one embodiment, the processing position for solid fuel processing 132 can be provided with the product that transmitter 142 is measured release, and for example water, sulphur, ash grade.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be adjusted and handle position removal system 150 to keep suitable non-fuel product clearance.
In one embodiment, as before discussing, the non-fuel product of collecting that discharges can wait and handle by holding facility 162, treatment facility 160, disposal facility 158.In one embodiment, such transmitter 142 can be set, it can offer monitoring facility 134 with the information of the state of these facilities.In one embodiment, the following speed of may command such as monitoring facility 134, controller 144, removal system 150, the non-fuel product of the release of collecting will be collected, separate, dispose with described speed, or otherwise handles.In one embodiment, the non-fuel product of collecting removed release will proceed to up to having collected a threshold quantity, and at this moment, the operator of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can need be got rid of release products by signaling from collection facility.In one embodiment, release products for example water can discharge from solid fuel treatment facility 132, and does not need otherwise to collect or assemble.
In one embodiment, transmitter 142, monitoring facility 134, controller 144 or the like can send release products information to price/trading facilities 178.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can have each removed non-fuel product available market relevant information, for example market price or cost of disposal.In one embodiment, can make based on their market value, cost of disposal etc. about the decision of non-fuel product how to dispose removed release.The market relevant information can comprise the information relevant with the policy aspect of specific product, for example, and to the generation or the suitable environment tax or the fine of disposal of predetermined substance.In one embodiment, based on the information that is transmitted by transmitter 142, monitoring facility 134, controller 144 etc., price/trading facilities 178 can calculate the price of the non-fuel product of release, the cost of release products etc.For example, the liquid sulfur of collecting is because its industrial use can have market value, yet the ash content of collecting may be without any marketable value, and may need to spend it is disposed in landfill yard.
It being understood that the market relevant information may be used on many different markets.For example, the ash content of collecting can have scope from negative value (because exist cost of disposal) to one group of market value on the occasion of (it depends on the conditions of demand of ash content the different industrial application).In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate time per unit release the non-fuel product the solid-fuelled average price of price, per unit, based on instant price of clearance etc.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be calculated and handle solid-fuelled price, with the price or the cost of the non-fuel product that comprises the release of collecting from solid-fuelled this around reason.For example, price/trading facilities 178 can receive and be used for handling the release products information that solid fuel is handled for specific time time.By calculating the cost/price of cost that solid fuel handles and total release non-fuel product, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate total cost that solid fuel handles and so calculate price.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can comprise the algorithm of the project of being calculated as follows, that is: produce and finally handled solid-fuelled cost, final solid-fuelled price, the cost of disposing the release products material, price of release products material or the like handled.In one embodiment, algorithm can comprise the original solid fuel price of reception from coal sample data 120, reception has finally been handled the solid fuel cost from coal output parameter 172, receives from the processing cost in the treating processes of solid fuel treatment facility 132, or the like.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can comprehensively add up to be used for whole all over solid fuel handle or be used for solid fuel handle the cost information of arbitrary portion, pricing information or or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be periodically, when around reason finishes or a part that is around reason as requested or the like add up to cost value information.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can add up to original solid-fuelled pricing information according to coal sample data 120.In one embodiment, original solid-fuelled price can be per unit price, the whole original solid-fuelled total price that receives, or the like.In one embodiment, by determine during the around reason or the part of around reason during the solid fuel total amount handled and utilize original solid-fuelled per unit calculation of price to go out original solid-fuelled total price, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate used original solid-fuelled price during the processing.In one embodiment, used original solid-fuelled price can be an input value of solid fuel price algorithm.
In one embodiment, as discussed previously, when carrying out the processing of this time solid fuel, operating parameters can be used as feedback and offers price/trading facilities 178.In one embodiment, operating parameters can comprise the cost that the processing solid fuel relates to, for example station service power, gases used, used oil plant, used rare gas element or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be handled comprehensive (or claiming to add up to) all operational cost according to this time solid fuel.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored the per unit cost information that is used for all operations parameter.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can utilize the cost of each separate unit and the quantity of used operating unit to calculate the operating parameters cost that this time solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, operability solid fuel processing cost can be the input to solid fuel price algorithm.
In one embodiment, the cost of disposal of the market value that price/trading facilities 178 can integrated solid fuel release products, solid fuel release products, or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can for all solids fuel release products storage per unit cost information, per unit market value information, or the like.In one embodiment, release products cost that comprehensively goes out and market value can be imported in the solid fuel price algorithm.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored operation profit information.In one embodiment, operation profit information can be following every relevant, that is: just processed solid-fuelled type has been handled solid-fuelled trading capacity, required solid fuel treatment capacity, or the like.In one embodiment, operation profit can be a per-cent of solid fuel processing cost, the solid-fuelled markup of processing of per unit, consign to the solid-fuelled markup of client's per unit, or the like.In one embodiment, operation profit can be imported into solid fuel price algorithm.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can determine to have handled solid-fuelled final market price in conjunction with the cost/market value of the solid fuel product of used original solid-fuelled price, operational cost, release, operational cost or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored the final market price, and the final market price is reported to the solid fuel treatment facility, and the final market price is reported to the client, or the like.In one embodiment, the solid fuel market value of storage can be used for further analyzing and calculating, and comprises historic the total, inquiry, data trend, or the like.
In one embodiment, original solid fuel can be processed into and be used for particular terminal use facility.In an embodiment, it can be one of following that terminal is used facility: many terminals are used clients, special client, with the terminal of solid fuel treatment facility 132 direct correlation use facility, or the like.In an embodiment, terminal uses the facility can coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212, or the like.
In one embodiment, coal combustion facility 200 can comprise power generating equipment 204, metallurgical facility 208, or the like.Power generating equipment 204 can comprise fixed bed coal combustion plant 220, comminuted coal combustion plant 222, fluidized-bed combustion facility 224, utilized the rechargeable energy source built-up type burning facility 228, or the like.
In one embodiment, the coal conversion facilities can comprise gasification facility 230, integrated gasification combined cycle facility 232, synthetic gas production facility 234, coke form facility 238, pure carbon form facility 238, hydrocarbon polymer form facility 240, or the like.
In one embodiment, coal by-products facility 212 can comprise coal combustion byproduct facility 242, gas house tar facility 244, or the like.
In one embodiment, terminal uses facility to pass on handling solid-fuelled requirement by the solid fuel processing requirements is placed coal output parameter 172.These requirements can provide terminal to use the solid-fuelled desired characteristic of facility.In one embodiment, the solid fuel desired characteristic can comprise moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.
In one embodiment, terminal user's facility can be specified specific original solid fuel to be processed, allows solid fuel treatment facility 132 select best original solid fuel to handle perhaps their combination.
In one embodiment, in case the solid fuel processing requirements has been transfused to as coal output parameter 172, the solid fuel treatment facility can determine whether and will handle solid fuel by continuous treating processes, batch process or other treatment processs.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can based on following factor determine treatment process, these factors comprise required terminal user's solid fuel amount, required terminal user's facility solid fuel characteristic, available original solid fuel, different treatment method ability, or the like.For example, batch processing may be to the required less situation of processing solid fuel amount, and treating processes is favourable for producing bigger amount continuously.For handling the processed solid fuel that specification has narrow variation range, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be selected batch processing so that keep better control to output on to the basis of characteristic in characteristic.Those skilled in the art can understand that all other reasons are used to select batch or continuous treating processes to come the solid fuel of processing terminal customer requirements in addition.
In one embodiment, terminal user's facility may need to use specific solid fuel, perhaps may need to have the original solid fuel of some characteristic, the original solid fuel that perhaps may require certain limit as input, or the like.In one embodiment, terminal user's facility can have solid fuel treatment facility 132 can obtain in case handle about the original solid-fuelled information of particular batch, and terminal user's facility can be selected one batch original solid fuel from each batch of available.In an embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can offer terminal user's facility with original solid fuel inventory, and perhaps solid fuel treatment facility 132 can provide a producible solid-fuelled tabulation of having handled to terminal user's facility.To those skilled in the art, other allow the terminal user determine that the method for original solid fuel input is tangible.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be made the final decision about original solid fuel input.In one embodiment, determining that original solid fuel is selected can be based on the ability of solid fuel treatment facility 132, specific original solid-fuelled historical the processing, original solid-fuelled attribute, or the like.
In one embodiment, in case solid fuel treatment facility 132 receives the requirement of terminal user's facility, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can select the original solid fuel of optimum matching to produce the required solid fuel of finally having handled.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be retrieved coal sample data 120, to determine the original solid fuel of optimum matching.In one embodiment, can select the solid fuel of optimum matching according to following standard, for example the terminal user require final handled solid-fuelled characteristic, continuously treatment facility ability, in batches facility ability, tolerance that terminal user's facility solid fuel requires, or the like.
In one embodiment, in case selected original solid fuel, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined and be used for parameter that it is handled, so that obtain the characteristic that the terminal user requires.As discussed previously, parameter generating facility 128 can obtain finally to have handled the solid fuel characteristic from coal desired characteristic 122, and wherein coal desired characteristic 122 can be defined by the terminal user.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can utilize arithmetic calculation to go out to be used to handle original solid-fuelled operating parameters.In one embodiment, the variable that algorithm can be considered for example has the ability of solid fuel treatment facility 132, difference between the solid fuel that selected original solid fuel and terminal user's facility require, the historic result in similar original solid fuel is handled, or the like.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be set the operating parameters of band facility 130 assemblies (for example microwave system 148) then, original solid fuel can be processed number of times, heating rate, rate of cooling, spendable atmosphere condition during solid fuel is handled, the removal of release products from original solid fuel, or the like.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can send operating parameters to monitoring facility 134 and controller 144 is controlled original solid-fuelled processing.
Parameter generating facility 128 can utilize various tangible to those skilled in the art methods to select the original solid fuel that will use, uses the solid fuel of facility requirement to produce terminal.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be obtained terminal from coal desired characteristic 122 and use facility solid fuel characteristic.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be used to self terminal and uses the key characteristic of facility solid fuel characteristic to select original solid fuel.In one embodiment, the key characteristic of the end product of expectation can use facility to determine by terminal, perhaps can be determined by parameter generating facility 128, perhaps can determine by the ability of solid fuel treatment facility 132, or the like.
These key characteristics can be used to determine original solid-fuelled treating processes.In one embodiment, these key characteristics can be carried out ranking according to the order of the importance of terminal being used facility solid fuel characteristic.Alternatively, this ranking can use facility, parameter generating facility 128 or any other suitable facility to provide by terminal.In one embodiment, ranking can be used for customizing or ordering according to solid-fuelled finally making.For example, terminal uses facility to indicate: finally certain moisture level of having handled in the solid fuel is required that other characteristics are then not too important.Because this moment, moisture level had the highest ranking that fuel characteristic has been handled in expectation, therefore keep required being provided with of expectation moisture level will have precedence over other settings.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can use key characteristic to select original solid fuel from the original solid fuel of available.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can use key characteristic to determine the operating parameters that original solid fuel is handled, and uses the facility solid fuel to produce terminal.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can only come the setting operation parameter based on key characteristic, and perhaps parameter generating facility 128 can be used for determining operating parameters together with key characteristic and other characteristics.
In one embodiment, the operating parameters of Que Dinging can be transmitted to monitoring facility 134, controller 144, or the like.In one embodiment, in the solid fuel treating processes, monitoring facility 134 can utilize band facility 130 transmitters 142 to monitor and adjust operating parameters.In one embodiment, when solid fuel was processed, transmitter 142 can be measured the operating parameters that is used for key characteristic and send transmitter 142 readings to monitoring facility 134.If monitoring facility is determined to need to adjust operating parameters so that obtain solid-fuelled key characteristic, monitoring facility 134 can send adjusted operating parameters to controller 144 so.In one embodiment, controller 144 may command band facilities 130 assemblies make it handle solid fuel by operating parameters.
In one embodiment, utilize the processing feedback loop of monitoring facility 134, controller 144 and transmitter 142, solid fuel treatment facility 132 is processed into the solid fuel that terminal is used the facility requirement with original solid fuel.In one embodiment, can utilize continuous treating processes, batch process, handle continuously and solid fuel is handled in the combination of batch process or the like.
In one embodiment,, can in test facilities 170, detect, to determine finally to have handled solid-fuelled characteristic finally having handled solid fuel in the ending for the treatment of processes.In one embodiment, detected solid-fuelled characteristic and original terminal can be used facility solid fuel characteristic relatively.In one embodiment, the characteristic that is compared can be key characteristic, all solids fuel characteristic or their combination or subclass.In one embodiment, test facilities 170 can be determined and whether finally handle solid fuel required solid-fuelled the requirement within the characteristic of terminal use facility.In one embodiment, when solid fuel was processed, detected characteristic can be transmitted to monitoring facility 134.In one embodiment, monitoring facility 134 can be adjusted operating parameters based on the characteristic that test facilities 170 provide.
In one embodiment, if determine that finally having handled solid fuel does not satisfy the requirement that terminal is used facility, can further process finally having handled solid fuel so in solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, when solid fuel is processed, has finally handled solid fuel and can be stored in the temporarily stored zone, be confirmed as satisfying the requirement of terminal use facility up to it.When definite final solid fuel satisfied the requirement of terminal use facility, final solid fuel can be transported to terminal and use facility.
In one embodiment, finally having handled solid-fuelled detected characteristic can store with coal output parameter 172.In one embodiment, the stored solid fuel of finally having handled detects characteristic and can be used to historic purpose, be used for whether the cause terminal is used facility to select as the expectation solid fuel, is used for final checking and finished and original solid fuel is processed into terminal uses the required solid fuel of facility, perhaps is used for other purposes that those skilled in the art can expect.
In one embodiment, affairs can be performed, and handle original solid fuel so that use facility for specific terminal.In one embodiment, these affairs can be to use facility for terminal to handle the calculating of original solid-fuelled cost.In one embodiment, handling original solid-fuelled cost can comprise and following cost related, that is: the solid fuel product that discharges of electricity, gas, oil, rare gas element, disposal, originally solid-fuelledly transport, will finally handle solid fuel and be transported to terminal and use facility, or the like.In one embodiment, these affairs can comprise the income that realizes from solid-fuelled processing, comprise coming from selling the solid fuel product that discharges or finally having handled solid-fuelled income.
In one embodiment, each terminal uses facility can be used as an issued transaction for handling solid-fuelled requirement.In one embodiment, be used to expect finally handle solid-fuelled characteristic in case terminal uses facility to express, price/trading facilities 178 can begin to be gathered in the original solid fuel of processing to obtain the economy criterion of desired characteristic so.For example, price/trading facilities can begin to be formulated to the relevant economy criterion (for example cost, income, profit and loss) of the comprehensively next and original solid fuel processing of presents, ledger, database, spreadsheet or the like.
In one embodiment, in case parameter generating facility 128 has been selected original solid fuel, so original solid fuel sign can be transmitted to price/trading facilities 178.Utilize original solid fuel sign, price/trading facilities 178 can obtain original solid fuel cost information from coal sample data 120.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can store original solid fuel cost information into and be used for particular procedure time inferior one-tenth presents.Cost information can comprise per unit cost (cost for example per ton), original solid-fuelled total cost, and the sum of available cell, or the like.Use the required solid-fuelled amount of processing of facility based on terminal, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate by terminal uses the requirement of facility to produce required original solid-fuelled cost and the benefit cost ratio of solid fuel.
As discussed previously, parameter generating facility 128 can generate handles original solid-fuelled operating parameters, and operating parameters can be sent to monitoring facility 134, controller 144 etc.Monitoring facility 134, controller 144 etc. are by offering operation information each assembly (for example well heater, band, microwave system 148, ventilation opening, pump, removal system 150 or the like), the original solid-fuelled processing of may command.During original solid fuel was handled, operating the various assemblies that consume electric power, gas, oil plant etc. can the generate energy cost.In one embodiment, solid fuel treatment facility 132 can have such transmitter 142, and it can measure the operation of various assemblies.In one embodiment, the energy that each assembly consumed during transmitter 142 also can be measured original solid fuel and handles.
In one embodiment, transmitter can send the energy usage of each assembly to price/trading facilities 178 during original solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored the per unit cost of various kind of energy, and the energy usage of solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be changed into cost value.For example, transmitter can with about microwave system 148 usefulness the data of what kilowatts send price/trading facilities 178 to, its addressable information about every kilowatt of cost.Utilize these usage data and this pricing information, price trading facilities 178 can calculate operation microwave system 148 makes it handle given batch original solid-fuelled cost.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can comprehensively add up in this around reason handles original solid-fuelled cost, and can comprehensively add up to the cost that to be stored in these to be used for the one-tenth presents that terminal uses the facility solid fuel to handle.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can comprehensively add up to the quantity cost related of handling time time and are used for further calculating and analyzing.
In one embodiment, extra cost and profit/loss can be associated with the non-fuel product of collecting during original solid fuel is handled.In one embodiment, during original solid fuel was handled, obtainable non-fuel product for example had water, sulphur, ash content, or the like.In these non-fuel products of collecting some may have marketable value, so that they can be sold (for example sulphur).But some other non-fuel product may not have market, thereby needs cost to dispose.
In one embodiment, but the amount of the non-fuel product of the release of transmitter 142 measurement collections in holding facility 162, treatment facility 160, disposal facility 158 or the like.These transmitters 142 can send the data about the amount of these products to price/trading facilities 178 then.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored various information about non-fuel product market price, cost of disposal etc., and can calculate each profit or cost cost related and profit/loss with every kind of release products.For example, monitoring facility 134, controller 144, transmitter 142 etc. can be indicated to price/trading facilities 178: a certain amount of sulphur (non-fuel product) has been collected and has can be used to sell.Price/trading facilities 178 can be arranged to sell the sulphur and follow-up it is transported to of collecting and be used sulphur enterprise.Subsequently, price/trading facilities 178 can be calculated the cost that the treatment facility 132 of producing coal is produced sulphur, and form that perhaps can the production cost function is calculated the income of betraying sulphur, perhaps can carry out other economy and calculate, and this is that those skilled in the art all can understand.
Utilize the real data or the estimated value of the market price of the specific non-fuel product of for example following the trail of to calculate about the arbitrfary point during also can coal is handled when receiving the non-fuel product such as the calculating of cost, profit/loss, expected revenue etc., thereby one group of production cost that can obtain to estimate, income, profit/loss, or the like.Real figure and the estimated value that obtains behind sale and/or the non-fuel product transfer can be compared, perhaps estimated value and historical real figure can be compared.Real-time, other purposes and combination prediction and historical economic information are that those skilled in the art recognize easily.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be used for the one-tenth presents that terminal uses the facility solid fuel to handle with being stored in about the economic information of non-fuel product (comprise product cost, income, or the like).
In one embodiment, based on terminal use the position of facility, finally handled solid-fuelled amount, transport solid-fuelled transportation method or the like, price/trading facilities 178 can calculate to transport handles the transport cost of fuel to terminal use facility.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be used about the data that transport cost and come computing terminal to use the solid-fuelled total cost of facility.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored in the one-tenth presents that is used for the processing of terminal use facility solid fuel with transporting cost.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be determined original solid fuel is processed into the solid-fuelled operation profit of desired terminal use facility/loss.Have a lot of algorithms to can be used for determining this operation profit/loss, this is that those of ordinary skills should understand.For example, operation profit/loss can be used as a per-cent handling original solid-fuelled total cost and is determined, and has perhaps handled solid-fuelled set profit/loss as per unit and is determined.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be stored in operation profit and be used for the one-tenth presents that terminal uses the facility solid fuel to handle.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can from monitoring facility 134, controller 144, transmitter 142 or or the like receive an indication, whether it is indicated as original solid fuel that terminal uses facility to carry out and handles and finish.In one embodiment, show under the situation of having finished original solid fuel processing that price/trading facilities 178 can comprehensively add up to the solid fuel processing cost and use the profit/loss of facility solid fuel price at final terminal in indication.In one embodiment, the comprehensive total of cost and profit can use the accounting covention of standard to carry out.In one embodiment, the final terminal price that uses solid fuel can be transmitted to terminal and uses facility.Alternatively, as mentioned above, price/trading facilities can provide in the entire treatment process about cost, profit/loss, the estimated value of expected revenue or the like, thus allow terminal use facility during processing itself is carried out, to make economic decision.
In one embodiment, solid fuel information can be used as database and is stored at least one storage facility.In one embodiment, at least one storage facility can be hard disk drive, CD driving mechanism, DVD driving mechanism, flash drive, zip driving mechanism, magnetic tape machine or or the like.In one embodiment, at least one storage facility can be single storage facility, a plurality of local storage facility, a plurality of distributed storage facility, local type and distributed storage facility combination or or the like.In one embodiment, database can be database, relational database, SQL database, table, file, flat file, ascii text file, document, XML file or or the like.
In one embodiment, solid fuel information can be with primary reception to the relevant information of solid fuel, solid fuel characteristic that terminal is used the facility expectation, solid fuel treatment facility 130 operating parameters, finally handled solid fuel detect information or or the like.Solid fuel information can be stored in each facility, for example coal sample data 120, coal desired characteristic 122, coal output parameter 172, parameter generating facility 128, monitoring facility 134, controller 148 or or the like.
In one embodiment, coal sample data 120 can be stored as database with original solid fuel characteristic, so that by each facility (for example parameter generating facility 128, coal desired characteristic 122, price/trading facilities 178 or or the like) visit.In one embodiment, coal characteristic can comprise: moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lbM-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.These solid fuel characteristics can be provided by mining site 102, storage facility 112, test facilities 170 or the like.In one embodiment, the characteristic in the database can be described the initial state of solid fuel before being processed into terminal use facility solid fuel.
In one embodiment, coal sample data 120 databases can be searchable, to allow to obtain original solid fuel information.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be obtained original solid fuel information, changes into terminal and uses the solid-fuelled original solid fuel of facility to select will to be used for handling.In one embodiment, the original solid fuel information database of being stored can be each original solid fuel and comprises the wall scroll record, perhaps can be each original solid fuel and comprises many records.In one embodiment, can there be many records that produce because of original solid fuel periodic sample, statistical sampling, random sampling or the like.In one embodiment, when retrieval coal sample data 120, can be each original solid fuel and return matched record more than one.
In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic 122 can database form storage terminal user solid fuel characteristic, based on the available original solid-fuelled solid fuel characteristic of having handled, historical handled the solid fuel characteristic or or the like so that parameter generating facility 128, coal sample data 120, coal output parameter 172 or the like visit.In one embodiment, coal characteristic can comprise: the form of moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.These solid fuel characteristics can be provided by following facility, for example parameter generating facility 122, coal output parameter 172, terminal use facility, or the like.In one embodiment, the characteristic in the database can be described original solid fuel and handle the solid-fuelled final state of processing afterwards.
In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic 122 databases can be searchable, to allow to obtain the solid fuel information of finally having handled.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be obtained the solid fuel information of finally having handled, so that select terminal to use facility solid fuel characteristic to be used to generate solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameterss.In one embodiment, the solid fuel information database of finally having handled of storage can be each solid fuel and comprises the wall scroll record, perhaps can be each solid fuel and comprises many records.In one embodiment, can there be many records that produce because of original solid fuel periodic sample, statistical sampling, random sampling or the like.In one embodiment, when retrieval coal desired characteristic 122, can be each original solid fuel and return matched record more than one.
In one embodiment, utilize coal sample data 120 and coal desired characteristic 122, parameter generating facility 128 can generate the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132.Operating parameters can be such data set, and it is used to control solid fuel treatment facility 132 various assemblies and uses the facility solid fuel so that original solid fuel is processed into terminal.Operating parameters can be stored in the database in any related facility, and any related facility here comprises parameter generating facility 128, monitoring facility 134 or controller 144.Except operating parameters, parameter generating facility 128 can be each function and generates one group of tolerance, and it can be used as operating parameters and is stored in the same database, perhaps can be stored in the independent database.In one embodiment, the combined data set of operating parameters and tolerance can satisfy all basically needs of solid fuel processing controls.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can produce a kind of hybrid plan, so that various the processing with untreated solid fuel mixed, thereby obtains a kind of solid fuel mixture.
In one embodiment, treating processes can be controlled by operating parameters, and wherein the observed value of transmitter 142 is used to determine whether particular solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies operate in the predetermined tolerance.Can adjust the operation of specific components based on the observed value of transmitter 142, thereby make it fall in the tolerance boundary.In addition, operating parameters can be adjusted to and make the function of specific components fall in the predetermined threshold.For example, the operating parameters that is used for microwave system 148 can begin to be adjusted from the primitive operation parameter, if the observed value of transmitter 142 exceeds the upper limit or the lower limit of microwave system 148 tolerances.In one embodiment, but the retouching operation parameter database makes its coupling be sent to the adjustment of the operating parameters of this assembly.
In one embodiment, solid-fuelled finally finish dealing with after, monitoring facility 134 can be sent to parameter generating facility 128 with the operational parameter data storehouse of finally revising, amended operating parameters can be stored in wherein.In one embodiment, the amended operating parameters of being stored can be associated with the original solid-fuelled characteristic of handling with amended operating parameters of storing.According to this embodiment, in the time in the future will handling similar original solid fuel, parameter generating facility 128 can be searched for operating database after the modification of having stored, thereby obtains the data set as initial operational parameters.In an embodiment, can obtain wall scroll operating parameters record, perhaps can obtain the amended operating parameters of certain limit, perhaps can obtain one group of amended operating parameters, thus make be used to handle new original solid-fuelled initial operational parameters can be used mean value, the wall scroll operating parameters record of revising the back operating parameters, the statistical of revising the back operation document adds up to or or the like.
In another program of the present invention, after the processing, finally treating product can be carried out piece groupization step when product leaves production line.This step can be called as rearmounted treating piece groupization step.Piece groupization also can be carried out during handling, as mentioned before.
In a scheme of the present invention, available disintegrating apparatus (pulverizer for example, runner milling, or the like) will be finally treating product pulverize.After pulverizing, finally treating product can be carried out pressure block groupization.During pressure block groupization, the particle for the treatment of product can combine by the pressure that is enough to form solid piece group.In an embodiment, can help form piece group by binder (for example starch, molasses, soft clay, the perhaps binder of certain other types) being added treating product.
As mentioned above, after in solid fuel treatment facility 132, having handled solid fuel, can detect the solid fuel of having handled at test facilities 170 places, to determine finally to have handled the solid fuel treatment characteristic.In one embodiment, finally treatment characteristic can comprise moisture per-cent, ash content per-cent, volatile matter per-cent, fixed carbon per-cent, BTU/lb, the form of BTU/lb M-A Free, sulphur, Hardgrove grindability index (HGI), total mercury, ash softening point, ash content mineralogical analysis, electromagnetic absorption/reflection, dielectricity, or the like.In one embodiment, final solid fuel characteristic can be stored in the coal output parameter 172.In one embodiment, characteristic data can be used to provide feedback to control solid-fuelled treating processes to monitoring facility 134, can be associated with coal desired characteristic 122, can to price/trading facilities 178 provide data or or the like.
In one embodiment, in solid fuel treating processes, finally handled solid fuel treatment characteristic data at least one group and can be stored in the coal output parameter 172.As discussed previously, finally handled the solid fuel treatment characteristic and can be transmitted to monitoring facility 134, the additional data collection of when adjusting the operating parameters of solid fuel treatment facility 132, considering as monitoring facility 134.In one embodiment, finally having handled the solid fuel treatment characteristic can be associated with coal desired characteristic 122, is used for specific original solid-fuelled operating parameters so that determine.
For example, but required parameter produces facility 128 determines and be used to handle specific original solid-fuelled operating parameters.Parameter generating facility 128 can be retrieved and be used for finally having handled solid-fuelled coal desired characteristic 122, and it is to obtain from the previous processing of selected original solid fuel.Parameter generating facility 128 also can be obtained final detection characteristic from may producing finally to have handled the solid-fuelled solid fuel processing.When determining original solid fuel operating parameters, parameter generating facility 128 can be considered all these information.
In an embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be assembled one group of solid fuel characteristic that (aggregate) is used for multiple solid fuel sample, assemble one group of specification being used for one group of used solid fuel matrix of terminal user's facility, assemble with original solid fuel be transformed into terminal use solid-fuelled one group of operating parameters that facility uses or or the like.In one embodiment, this gathering of database can cause producing a plurality of predetermined solid fuel treatment facility 132 operating parameterss.In the selection that predetermined a plurality of operating parameterss can be used to subsequently to be undertaken by solid fuel treatment facility 132, handle original solid fuel so that be used for using facility for terminal.In one embodiment, database can be database, relational database, SQL database, table, file, flat file, ascii text file, document, XML file or or the like.As indicated above and shown in Fig. 1-2, terminal use facility can be coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212 or or the like.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 120 can be assembled the one group of original solid fuel characteristic that is used for multiple solid fuel sample from coal sample data 120.In one embodiment, coal sample data 120 can comprise and be used for the original solid-fuelled information of solid fuel treatment facility 132 available, can comprise be used for historical original solid-fuelled information that solid fuel treatment facility 132 used or or the like.For every kind of original solid fuel data logging more than one can be arranged in coal sample data 120, this is because identical original solid fuel can have a plurality of sampling test results.In one embodiment, one group of original solid fuel can selecting based on available original solid fuel, the original solid fuel of handling recently, solid fuel treatment facility 132 of parameter generating facility 128 or the like be assembled this and organizes original solid fuel characteristic.
In one embodiment, the aggregate database of original solid fuel characteristic can comprise many duplicate records, and they comprise from identical original solid-fuelled information; Many duplicate records may have been taken out a plurality of samples and caused from identical original solid fuel.In one embodiment, the gathering of the database of original solid fuel characteristic can have several steps.First step can comprise: with sample solid fuel data total gather the original solid fuel database of focus type.In second step, parameter generating facility 128 available algorithm sort to record, handle duplicate record, with the original solid fuel data stock that finishes in storing device, or the like.In an embodiment, can from original solid fuel database, delete duplicate record, perhaps can average duplicate record, perhaps can according to the statistics select duplicate record or or the like.In one embodiment, the original solid fuel database after finishing can comprise and can be transformed into terminal and use solid-fuelled original solid-fuelled all records of facility.
In a similar mode, terminal is used facility solid fuel information to be gathered finally and has been handled in the solid fuel database.In one embodiment, terminal uses facility solid fuel information can be stored in coal desired characteristic 122 databases.In one embodiment, coal desired characteristic 122 databases can comprise and use about terminal that facility is required has finally handled solid-fuelled characteristic information, previous have finally handled solid-fuelled historical characteristics information, or the like.In one embodiment, accumulative has finally been handled the solid fuel database can comprise many records, and these records are comprising and the same relevant information of solid fuel of finally having handled; Many duplicate records may be to have taken out a plurality of samples the solid fuel from identical finally having handled to cause during solid fuel is handled.
In one embodiment, the final gathering of having handled the solid fuel database can have several steps.First step can comprise: the solid fuel database has finally been handled in total the gathering of sample solid fuel data.In second step, parameter generating facility 128 available algorithm sort to record, handle duplicate record, have finally handled solid fuel data stock in storing device with what finish, or the like.In one embodiment, can delete duplicate record, perhaps can average duplicate record from finally having handled the solid fuel database, perhaps can according to the statistics select duplicate record or or the like.In one embodiment, final after finishing handled the solid fuel database and can be comprised by what solid fuel treatment facility 132 was handled and finally handled solid-fuelled all records.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can use original solid fuel database of accumulative and the final process database of accumulative to obtain one group of operating parameters, is used for finally having handled solid fuel with what original solid fuel was transformed into that terminal uses that facility uses.
In one embodiment, operating parameters can be determined by parameter generating facility 128, it selects original solid fuel characteristic records from the original solid fuel database of accumulative, and with it with finally handled solid fuel aggregate database record and mated, thereby calculate operating parameters for the recording gauge of each coupling.In one embodiment, when having determined operating parameters for the record of coupling, operating parameters can be stored in the accumulative operational parameter data storehouse.For example, if 50 kinds of original solid fuels are arranged in original solid fuel aggregate database, in final solid fuel aggregate database, there are 100 kinds and finally handled solid fuel, in each and the 100 kinds of final solid fuels in 50 kinds of original solid fuels each can be mated, original solid fuel is transformed into the required operating parameters of expectation solid fuel so that determine.This can cause 5,000 accumulative operating parameters records.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined: a certain original solid fuel can not be transformed into has finally handled solid fuel, therefore can not determine operating parameters for solid-fuelled specific coupling.
In another embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be selected original solid fuel characteristic records from the original solid fuel database of accumulative, and determines and can finally handle solid fuel by what solid fuel treatment facility 132 changed.In one embodiment, each original solid fuel characteristic records of can be in the original solid fuel database of accumulative of parameter generating facility 128 is determined operating parameters.In one embodiment, can determine operating parameters according to the operational capability of solid fuel treatment facility 132.In one embodiment, the operating parameters that is used for each original solid fuel characteristic records can be stored in accumulative operational parameter data storehouse.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined operating parameters in the following way, promptly by original solid fuel characteristic and final treatment characteristic are mated, the ability by utilizing solid fuel treatment facility 132 from original solid fuel characteristic determine performance characteristic or or the like.In one embodiment, can be independently or utilize various operating parameterss to determine method in combination.
In one embodiment, the accumulative operating parameters can be stored, so that selectedly go out in the time of back, is used for that original solid fuel is processed into terminal and uses the facility solid fuel.In one embodiment, accumulative operational parameter data storehouse also can be stored the original solid fuel that once was used to the creation operation parameter and finally handled solid-fuelled information.Therefore, accumulative operational parameter data storehouse can comprise operating parameters, original solid fuel characteristic, finally handled the solid fuel characteristic or or the like.Original solid fuel characteristic and finally handled the solid fuel characteristic and can comprise solid-fuelled sign.
In one embodiment, if terminal uses facility need obtain certain final solid fuel from solid fuel treatment facility 132, one of the solid fuel of finally having handled that parameter generating facility 128 can be stored in required final solid fuel characteristic and characteristic in the appropriate databases mates.In one embodiment, terminal use required solid fuel of facility and accumulative finally to handle solid-fuelled coupling can be by optimum matching, undertaken by key characteristic or the ranking by most important solid fuel characteristic or the like.
In one embodiment, after finding a coupling for the required solid fuel of terminal use facility, parameter generating facility 128 can be selected and can be used to form terminal and use the solid-fuelled all possible original solid fuel of facility, can select can be used to form all possible operating parameters that terminal uses solid fuel or or the like.In one embodiment, utilization can be used to form terminal and use the solid-fuelled all possible original solid fuel of facility, parameter generating facility 128 can be retrieved coal sample data 120, and is any available to determine in the possible original solid fuel, if any.In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can be selected the original solid fuel that is in the certain tolerance of required original solid fuel according to coal sample data 120.If having at least a kind of in the original solid fuel is solid fuel treatment facility 132 available, parameter generating facility 128 can be selected the selected original solid fuel of coupling and the solid-fuelled operating parameters of terminal use facility of storage so.Selected operating parameters can be transmitted to monitoring facility 134 and controller 144, uses the facility solid fuel so that selected original solid fuel is processed into terminal.
In one embodiment, a kind of method to the cost modeling, wherein this cost is and uses facility to handle the solid fuel cost related for special terminal, this method can be carried out by database is provided, this database comprises: be used for a plurality of solid fuel samples one group of solid fuel characteristic, be used for the solid fuel matrix used by one group of terminal user's facility one group of specification, be used for one group of operating parameters, relevant with the enforcement of this group operating parameters one that the solid fuel sample is transformed into the solid fuel matrix that the terminal user uses is formed, or the like.In one embodiment, cost model can be used to provide multiple cost report, for example to terminal use the bill of handling at solid fuel of facility estimate, with relatively the internal cost estimation of actual treatment cost, cost/price expectation, solid fuel treatment facility 132 efficient or or the like.In one embodiment, database can be database, relational database, SQL database, table, file, flat file, ascii text file, document, XML file or or the like.
In an embodiment, terminal use facility can be coal combustion facility 200, coal conversion facilities 210, coal by-products facility 212 or or the like.
Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can be special terminal and uses facility to adopt a kind ofly to carry out the method for modeling to handling solid-fuelled value.In one embodiment, terminal uses facility can require the solid fuel treatment facility original solid fuel to be processed into the final solid fuel with particular characteristics.Terminal uses facility can not indicate the initial original solid fuel that will use; Solid fuel treatment facility 132 can use facility solid fuel characteristic to select suitable original solid fuel based on terminal.
In one embodiment, terminal uses the facility characteristic to be transmitted and to be stored in the coal desired characteristic 122.Price/trading facilities can receive as sending a notice, that is: these characteristics have been transmitted coal supply desired characteristic 122.
In one embodiment, in case there is notice indication to receive the solid fuel characteristic, price/trading facilities 178 can require parameter generating facility 128 to identify will to be transformed into the solid-fuelled original solid fuel of terminal use facility so.As discussed previously, parameter generating facility 128 can be determined suitable original solid fuel in the following way, that is: by knowing the ability of desired characteristic and solid fuel treatment facility 132, by obtain solid fuel handle historical determining initial original solid fuel, by inquire about may original solid-fuelled database and from the operating parameters of reservations database or or the like.
In one embodiment, be suitable for being transformed into the solid-fuelled available original solid fuel of terminal use facility in case parameter generating facility 128 has been selected, parameter generating facility 128 can be inquired about coal sample data 120 so that obtain available original solid-fuelled characteristic.
In one embodiment, parameter generating facility 128 can transmit to price/trading facilities 178: be used for original solid-fuelled sign and characteristic information, be used for solid-fuelled sign of terminal user's facility and characteristic information, be used for that original solid fuel is transformed into terminal and use the solid-fuelled operating parameters of facility, or the like.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 have a database, and it associates operational cost and the solid-fuelled operating parameters of particular group.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be to the operation modeling of solid fuel treatment facility 132, original solid fuel is processed into terminal virtually uses solid fuel so that can be used to operating parameters that autoregressive parameter produces facility 128.Utilize these operating parameterss, price/trading facilities 178 can be determined: the solid fuel amount that per time cycle handles, and the amount of used energy, the amount of used rare gas element, the amount of the solid fuel product of release, or the like.For example, this model can be determined for the belt speed of batch facility or size, per hour can produce what ton solid fuels by utilizing given operating parameters.In another example, this model can calculate the electric weight that microwave system 148 needs based on the setting of operating parameters.
In one embodiment, utilize described operating parameters, price/trading facilities 178 models can calculate original solid fuel is transformed into the solid-fuelled price of terminal use facility fully, in the instant price of solid fuel random time between tour, by any increase in various solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies increase progressively price or or the like.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be to 132 modelings of solid fuel treatment facility on the user interface of computer installation.In one embodiment, user interface can present some instruments to allow the user can move this model, stop this model, suspend this model, recover this model, reverse this model, move this model with the slower time, move this model with time faster, focus is placed on the specific components or or the like.In one embodiment, the focus on the specific components can be the user extra information is provided, for example to the excavation of specific components information.In one embodiment, the information that obtains according to modeling can graphic form or is shown with any other output format of customer requirements.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be reported the information from this model, this information is at following every, that is: original solid fuel is transformed into fully terminal and uses the solid-fuelled price of facility, in the instant price of solid fuel random time between tour, by any increase in various solid fuel treatment facility 132 assemblies increase progressively price or or the like.In one embodiment, this report can be the report of printing, watch formula report, document report, database, spreadsheet, file or or the like.These reports can illustrate summary, by the details of time, by the details of assembly or or the like.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can have at least one database, and it comprises the cost assumption that is associated with the model of solid fuel processing.For example, cost/price, the used original solid-fuelled cost/price of the release solid fuel product that this database can have the cost of human resources of cost, the monitoring solids fuel treatment facility 132 of the electricity charge of microwave system 148, every cubic feet of rare gas element, reclaimed by removal system 150, or the like.These costs can be represented hypothesis used in this model.In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be applied to these cost assumptions in the model, are used for determining that the terminal handled uses the solid-fuelled cost/price of facility.
In one embodiment, price/trading facilities 178 can be utilized solid fuel treatment facility 132 models to use facility for terminal the required estimation of having handled the solid fuel price is provided.This estimation can be based on the model that has used described operating parameters, at the cost of these operating parameterss and price or the like.In one embodiment, the price of estimation can be used for utilizing the solid fuel that specific original solid-fuelled, special terminal uses facility to require.
Though disclose the present invention in conjunction with the preferred embodiment that is shown specifically and describes, to those skilled in the art, various modifications on it and improvement will become very obvious.Therefore, the spirit and scope of the present invention should not be subjected to the restriction of these examples of front, and should be understood as that the wideest allowed by law scope.
Incorporate all documents that this paper quotes into this paper with way of reference at this.
It is as follows now to provide qualification clause project of the present invention.
40. a system that forms solid burning block group comprises:
Transmission of facility is used for solid fuel is carried by continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility;
Be used for handling during by described treatment facility the electromagnetic energy system of described solid-fuelled described solid fuel treatment facility at described solid fuel; And
Piece groupization facility is used for by exerting pressure to the solid fuel of having handled to come that the solid fuel of having handled is carried out piece groupization, thus formation solid burning block group.
41., comprise that further size changes facility, is used for reducing described solid-fuelled size before carrying out piece groupization according to the described system of claim 40.
42., wherein reduce size and be included in described solid fuel and enter the described solid fuel that grinds and/or crush before the described treatment facility according to the described system of claim 41.
43., wherein reduce size and comprise described solid fuel is ground and/or is crushed to less than 1/8 inch according to the described system of claim 41.
44. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein adding in described solid fuel has binder.
45. according to the described system of claim 44, wherein said binder is at least a in the following material: starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, molasses, sawdust, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.
46. according to the described system of claim 44, wherein said binder was added into before changing described solid fuel size.
47. according to the described system of claim 44, wherein said binder is after changing described solid fuel size but be added into before processing.
48. according to the described system of claim 44, wherein said binder is after handling but be added into before the piece groupization.
49. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said solid fuel be following one of at least: based on product, agriculture and forestry product and the coal of timber.
50. according to the described system of claim 49, wherein said coal be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.
51. according to the described system of claim 49, wherein said coal is a coal dust.
52. according to the described system of claim 51, wherein said coal dust size is less than 28 meshes.
53. according to the described system of claim 51, wherein said coal dust is in slurry, pug or the thickener.
54. according to the described system of claim 51, wherein said coal dust is from the metallurgical coal carrying out washing treatment.
55. according to the wherein said coal dust of the described system of claim 51 from the waste coal storage area or retain.
56. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said electromagnetic energy is a microwave energy.
57. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said electromagnetic energy is the RF energy.
58. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said electromagnetic energy is with the frequency work between about 900 to 930MHz.
59. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said electromagnetic energy is with about 50kW or higher power work.
60. according to the described system of claim 40, the facility adjustment of wherein said group is selected from following at least one or more a plurality of attribute: rolling moment, torsional moment, lift-over power and twisting resistance.
61. according to the described system of claim 40, further comprise: heating facility is used for improving described solid-fuelled temperature when described solid fuel enters described group facility.
62. according to the described system of claim 61, wherein said temperature is at least 150 °F.
63. according to the described system of claim 61, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described temperature was at least 150 °F.
64. according to the described system of claim 61, wherein when described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described temperature was at least 200 °F.
65. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein said solid fuel was processed into before entering described group's facility has the expectation moisture content.
66. according to the described system of claim 65, wherein said moisture content is lower than 12%.
67. according to the described system of claim 65, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content was lower than 10%.
68. according to the described system of claim 65, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content was more than 2%.
69. according to the described system of claim 65, wherein when described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described moisture content was lower than 5%.
70. according to the described system of claim 40, further comprise the coating facility, be used to described group to increase tectum.
71. according to the described system of claim 70, wherein said tectum is a wax.
72. according to the described system of claim 40, further comprise mixing tank, be used for extra solid fuel material and the solid fuel material mixing of having handled.
73. according to the described system of claim 72, wherein said extra solid fuel material be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.
74. according to the described system of claim 72, wherein said extra solid fuel material has been utilized to the energy process mistake from the electromagnetic energy system.
75., further comprise: be used for after processing, placing outdoor environment to avoid the facility of ambient moisture invasion and attack described group to protect described group according to the described system of claim 40.
76. according to the described system of claim 40, wherein binder and tectum both are added into described group.
77. according to the described system of claim 76, wherein said binder is at least a in the following material: sawdust, starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, sugar are close, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.
78. according to the described system of claim 76, wherein said tectum is a wax.
79. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
Utilize microwave energy to preheat solid fuel;
Detect the solid fuel temperature whether on preset temperature; And
The solid fuel that is on the preset temperature is taken measures.
80. according to the described method of claim 79, wherein said measure is to remove the overtemperature solid fuel and extinguish the overtemperature solid fuel.
81. according to the described method of claim 79, wherein said energy is the high-energy microwave.
82. according to the described method of claim 79, wherein said energy is the long duration microwave.
83. according to the described method of claim 79, wherein said energy is different microwave frequency.
84. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
With solid fuel conveying passing through magnetic source; And
Utilize described magnetic source to remove the solid fuel that comprises magneticsubstance.
85. 4 described methods according to Claim 8 further comprise: make described solid fuel through magnet, so that any metallization material magnetization in the described solid fuel, and utilize described magnetic source to remove the solid fuel that is magnetized.
86. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
With solid fuel conveying passing through metal locator;
Detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy; And
Take measures to comprising at least the solid fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.
87. 6 described methods according to Claim 8, wherein said measure is: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.
88. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
With solid fuel conveying passing through mass spectrograph;
Detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy; And
Take measures to comprising at least all solids fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.
89. 8 described methods according to Claim 8, wherein said measure is: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.
90. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
Solid fuel is carried by nuclear magnetic resonance MRI facility;
Detect the solid fuel that comprises the predetermined amount metallic alloy; And
Take measures to comprising at least all solids fuel of predetermined amount metallic alloy.
91. according to the described method of claim 90, wherein said measure is: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.
92. the method for the thing of determining in advance to smolder comprises:
Solid fuel is carried by the coil winding facility;
Detection is passed the electric current that the described circle winding of line facility induces because of described solid fuel; And
The all solids fuel that induces the predetermined amount electric current is taken measures.
93. according to the described method of claim 92, wherein said measure is: remove the solid fuel that has the predetermined amount metallic alloy.
The method of thing 94. a detection is smoldered comprises:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize the thermal imaging system facility to detect solid fuel above preset temperature; And
The all solids fuel that surpasses preset temperature is taken measures.
The method of thing 95. a detection is smoldered comprises:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize infrared IR facility to detect solid fuel above preset temperature; And
The all solids fuel that surpasses preset temperature is taken measures.
The method of thing 96. a removal is smoldered comprises:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers the robot device with detected solid-fuelled positional information; And
Utilize the robot device to remove detected solid fuel.
97., wherein the described solid fuel that is detected is removed from the solid fuel treatment facility according to the described method of claim 96.
98., wherein remove the described solid fuel that is detected and it joined among the solid fuel stock who accepts non-microwave treatment according to the described method of claim 96.
99., wherein remove the described solid fuel that is detected and it joined no longer among the solid fuel stock who accepts further to handle according to the described method of claim 96.
100. one kind is suppressed the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers liquid hydro-peening facility with detected solid-fuelled positional information; And
With liquid detected solid fuel is carried out hydro-peening to suppress detected solid fuel.
101. according to the described method of claim 100, wherein said liquid is water.
102. according to the described method of claim 100, wherein said liquid is cooling fluid.
103. one kind is suppressed the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize checkout facility to detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature, described checkout facility offers liquid hydro-peening facility with detected solid-fuelled positional information; And
Pre-position in described solid fuel treatment facility, the inhibition material that will burn flows on the detected solid fuel.
104. according to the described method of claim 103, it is water that wherein said burning suppresses material.
105. according to the described method of claim 103, it is nitrogen that wherein said burning suppresses material.
106. according to the described method of claim 103, it is rare gas element that wherein said burning suppresses material.
107. one kind is suppressed the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility; And
Air is removed to produce parital vacuum at least in the pre-position in described solid fuel treatment facility, and described parital vacuum has extinguished the solid fuel that exceeds preset temperature.
108. control the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising for one kind:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system; And
Smolder in the solid fuel that prevents to have handled by the size of the utilizing microwave dutycycle controlled microwave energy development of thing.
109. according to the described method of claim 108, wherein said dutycycle is the described microwave system of pulsed modulation.
110. according to the described method of claim 108, wherein said dutycycle is conducting or turn-offs described microwave system.
111. manage the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising for one kind:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system; And
Described solid fuel is carried by the cooling stations between the microwave system.
112. according to the described method of claim 111, wherein said cooling stations is the non-microwave station between the microwave station.
113. according to the described method of claim 111, wherein said cooling stations comprises the air of lesser temps, with control solid fuel temperature.
114. according to the described method of claim 111, wherein said cooling stations comprises rare gas element, with control solid fuel temperature.
115. according to the described method of claim 111, wherein said cooling stations comprises nitrogen, with control solid fuel temperature.
116. manage the smolder method of thing of solid fuel, comprising for one kind:
Solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Be used to from the described solid fuel of the energy process of microwave system;
Detect the solid fuel that surpasses preset temperature; And
When detecting preset temperature, reduce the microwave system energy.
117. the solid-fuelled method of transmission comprises:
Transfer system is provided, and so that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, described transfer system is that microwave energy is permeable basically;
During handling, described solid fuel supports described solid-fuelled weight and temperature; And
Described solid fuel is carried by described solid fuel treatment facility, wherein utilized the described solid fuel of microwave energy treatment.
118. according to the described method of claim 117, wherein said transfer system be following one of at least: pliable and tough travelling belt, multilayer travelling belt, one group be travelling belt, slip-stick forwarder independently, cork screw formula forwarder, air cushion forwarder, coating forwarder, asbestos travelling belt, cooling zone and disposable travelling belt.
119. according to the described method of claim 117, wherein said solid fuel weight is about 50lbs/ft3.
120. according to the described method of claim 117, wherein said solid fuel temperature is about 250 °F-600 °F.
121. the method for a configuring multi-layer travelling belt comprises:
Utilize the multilayer travelling belt that solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility, each layer in the wherein said multilayer comprises at least a material;
During handling described solid fuel, described travelling belt is exposed to microwave energy;
Described each layer of travelling belt is configured in the modular belts system, so that wearability, thermotolerance and intensity to be provided.
122. according to the described method of claim 121, the wherein said belts that transmit comprise tectum, refractory layer and enhancement Layer more.
123. according to the described method of claim 121, wherein said material be following one of at least: silicone, Ah method Lars, glass fibre, silica, pottery, Kevlar, Ge Er, PTFE glass fibre, teflon asbestos, EPDM rubber, polyester, nylon, isoprene-isobutylene rubber and RTV.
124. a method of repairing travelling belt comprises:
Make conveyer belt system be suitable for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Determine whether described conveyer belt system needs to repair; And
Utilize service technique to repair described conveyer belt system.
125. according to the described method of claim 124, wherein said repairing determine in described travelling belt is in described solid fuel treatment facility the time make.
126. according to the described method of claim 124, the determining of wherein said repairing made in described solid fuel treatment facility outside.
127. according to the described method of claim 124, wherein said service technique is a hole of repairing conveyer belt system with RTV rubber.
128. according to the described method of claim 124, wherein said service technique is to take described conveyer belt system to and change a section of described conveyer belt system by splicing at least one section new transmission.
129. the method for a cooling conveyer belt comprises:
Make conveyer belt system be suitable for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is formed in the described belt wheel cooling channel is provided;
Make refrigerant flow through the belt wheel cooling channel, thereby the belt wheel that is cooled is provided; And
By described travelling belt and the described surface in contact that is cooled between the belt wheel are provided, heat is delivered to the described belt wheel that is cooled from described travelling belt.
130. according to the described method of claim 129, wherein said refrigerant be following one of at least: air, gas, rare gas element, water, water base cooling fluid, oil base cooling fluid, deicing fluid.
131., further comprise: in solid fuel temperature suppressor or fire annihilator, use described refrigerant according to the described method of claim 129.
132. the method for a cooling conveyer belt comprises:
Make conveyer belt system be suitable for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is configured to provide high surface area; And
By the surface in contact between described travelling belt and the described belt wheel is provided, heat is passed to the belt wheel of high surface area from described travelling belt.
133. the method for a cooling conveyer belt comprises:
Make conveyer belt system be suitable for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system, described belt wheel is made with thermally conductive material; And
By the surface in contact between described travelling belt and the described belt wheel is provided, heat is passed on the heat conduction belt wheel from described travelling belt.
134. according to the described method of claim 133, wherein said thermally conductive material is selected from copper, steel and aluminium.
135. an increase travelling belt method of life comprises:
Make conveyer belt system be suitable for solid fuel is carried by the solid fuel treatment facility;
Utilize at least one belt wheel to drive described conveyer belt system; And
By adopting big curvature belt wheel to reduce bending force, thereby improve the life-span of described travelling belt.
136. according to the described method of claim 135, the curvature of wherein said belt wheel is based on that the building material of described travelling belt determines.
137. handle solid-fuelled method, comprising for one kind:
From source of microwave energy, guide microwave energy by waveguide assembly;
When microwave energy is gone forward side by side into the microwave chamber by the polarized area of waveguide assembly, make the microwave energy polarization; And
The solid fuel that microwave cavity is indoor is exposed to the polar microwave energy.
138., further comprise: monitor the solid-fuelled temperature that is exposed according to the described method of claim 137.
139., further comprise: monitor solid-fuelled moisture content before and after treatment according to the described method of claim 137.
140., further comprise: monitor solid-fuelled before and after treatment pollutant level according to the described method of claim 137.
141. according to the described method of claim 137, wherein said source of microwave energy is the microwave generator of 125kW.
142., further comprise: catch the moisture that from described solid fuel, discharges when handling according to the described method of claim 137.
143. according to the described method of claim 137, wherein said polarization be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
144. handle solid-fuelled method, comprising for one kind:
From source of microwave energy launched microwave energy to the microwave chamber; And
The solid fuel that microwave cavity is indoor is exposed to microwave energy.
145. according to the described method of claim 144, further comprise: microwave energy is directed in the microwave chamber by waveguide assembly.
146., further comprise: when microwave energy is gone forward side by side into the microwave chamber by the polarized area of waveguide assembly, make the microwave energy polarization according to the described method of claim 145.
147. according to the described method of claim 146, wherein said polarization be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
148. according to the described method of claim 144, wherein said source of microwave energy is the microwave generator of 125kW.
149. a method that improves solid fuel thermo-efficiency comprises:
In the treating processes source of microwave energy is being passed through in the solid fuel transmission continuously; And
Described solid fuel is exposed to microwave energy from described source of microwave energy, to remove part moisture contained in the described solid fuel.
150. according to the described method of claim 149, wherein said microwave energy is polarized.
151. according to the described method of claim 150, wherein said polarization be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
152. handle solid-fuelled method, comprising for one kind:
To be transmitted into from the microwave energy of microwave generator in the Circular Polarisation waveguide device, with the described microwave energy that polarizes; And
Described solid fuel in the chamber is exposed to the Circular Polarisation microwave energy.
153. according to the described method of claim 152, wherein said Circular Polarisation waveguide device comprises the overall polarization element.
154. according to the described method of claim 152, the described polarization element in the wherein said waveguide assembly makes microwave inclination 45 degree, thereby makes that microwave begins to rotate.
155. according to the described method of claim 152, wherein said polarization element be following one of at least: orthogonal, oval-shaped, asymmetrical, symmetric and columniform.
156. according to the described method of claim 152, wherein said Circular Polarisation waveguide device is made by extrusion molding.
157. according to the described method of claim 152, wherein said waveguide assembly is couple to described chamber with an angle.
158. according to the described method of claim 152, wherein said waveguide assembly be shaped as following one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
159., further comprise: between described Circular Polarisation waveguide device and described chamber, provide waveguide assembly according to the described method of claim 152.
160. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
To be transmitted in the poled waveguide device, from the microwave energy of microwave generator with the described microwave energy that polarizes;
Oval horn feed is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.
161. according to the described method of claim 160, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
162., further comprise: provide oval horn feed array, so that microwave energy is assigned in the chamber according to the described method of claim 160.
163., further comprise: array of radiators is arranged to pattern according to the described method of claim 162.
164., further comprise: described oval horn feed is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle according to the described method of claim 162.
165. according to the described method of claim 164, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
166. according to the described method of claim 162, wherein said array also comprises non-oval horn feed.
167. according to the described method of claim 161, wherein the polarization that produces by described radiator be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
168. according to the described method of claim 161, wherein said radiator is couple to described chamber with an angle.
169. according to the described method of claim 161, wherein said waveguide assembly be shaped as following one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
170. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
Microwave energy is transmitted into the oval horn feed from microwave generator;
Oval horn feed is couple to chamber; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy.
171. according to the described method of claim 170, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
172., further comprise: arrange that oval horn feed array is to be assigned to microwave energy in the described chamber according to the described method of claim 170.
173., further comprise: array of radiators is arranged to pattern according to the described method of claim 172.
174., further comprise: described oval horn feed is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle according to the described method of claim 172.
175. according to the described method of claim 174, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
176. according to the described method of claim 172, wherein said array also comprises non-oval horn feed.
177. according to the described method of claim 170, wherein the polarization that produces by described radiator be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
178. according to the described method of claim 170, wherein said radiator is couple to described chamber with an angle.
179. according to the described method of claim 170, wherein said microwave energy is polarized.
180. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
To be transmitted in the poled waveguide device, from the microwave energy of microwave generator with the described microwave energy that polarizes;
Parabolic reflector is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.
181. according to the described method of claim 180, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
182., further comprise: arrange the parabolic reflector array, so that microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber according to the described method of claim 180.
183., further comprise: reflector array is arranged to pattern according to the described method of claim 182.
184. according to the described method of claim 182, further comprise: described parabolic reflector is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle.
185. according to the described method of claim 184, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
186. according to the described method of claim 183, wherein said array also comprises non-parabolic reflector.
187. according to the described method of claim 180, wherein said polarization be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
188. according to the described method of claim 180, wherein said reverberator is couple to described chamber with an angle.
189. according to the described method of claim 180, wherein said waveguide assembly be shaped as following one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
190. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
To be transmitted into from the microwave energy of microwave generator in the parabolic reflector;
Described parabolic reflector is coupled in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy.
191. according to the described method of claim 190, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
192., further comprise: arrange the parabolic reflector array, so that microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber according to the described method of claim 190.
193., further comprise: reflector array is arranged to pattern according to the described method of claim 192.
194., further comprise: reflector array is arranged to pattern according to the described method of claim 192.
195. according to the described method of claim 192, further comprise: described parabolic reflector is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle.
196. according to the described method of claim 195, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
197. according to the described method of claim 192, wherein said array also comprises non-parabolic reflector.
198. according to the described method of claim 190, wherein the described polarization that produces by described reverberator be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
199. according to the described method of claim 190, wherein said reverberator is couple to described chamber with an angle.
200. according to the described method of claim 190, wherein said microwave energy is polarized.
201. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
To be transmitted in the poled waveguide device, from the microwave energy of microwave generator with the described microwave energy that polarizes;
The taper horn antenna is coupled to described waveguide assembly, the polar microwave energy is assigned in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy.
202. according to the described method of claim 201, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
203., further comprise: make taper horn antenna array be suitable for microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber according to the described method of claim 201.
204. according to the described method of claim 203, further comprise: described aerial array is arranged to a pattern.
205., further comprise: will be arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle more than one taper horn antenna according to the described method of claim 203.
206. according to the described method of claim 205, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
207. according to the described method of claim 203, wherein said array also comprises non-taper horn antenna.
208. according to the described method of claim 201, wherein said polarization be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
209. according to the described method of claim 201, wherein said antenna is couple to described chamber with an angle.
210. according to the described method of claim 201, wherein said waveguide assembly be shaped as following one of at least: oval, conical, circular, cylindrical, parabola shaped, square, rectangle and trilateral.
211. one kind is exposed to the method for microwave energy with handled thing, comprising:
To be transmitted in the taper horn antenna from the microwave energy of microwave generator;
Described taper horn antenna is coupled in the chamber that comprises handled thing; And
Handled thing in the chamber is exposed to microwave energy.
212. according to the described method of claim 211, wherein said handled thing is a solid fuel.
213., further comprise: make the parabolic antenna array be suitable for microwave energy is assigned in the described chamber according to the described method of claim 211.
214. according to the described method of claim 213, further comprise: described aerial array is arranged to a pattern.
215., further comprise: described taper horn antenna is arranged to be oriented relative to one another to an angle according to the described method of claim 213.
216. according to the described method of claim 214, wherein said angle is 90 degree.
217. according to the described method of claim 213, wherein said array also comprises non-parabolic antenna.
218. according to the described method of claim 211, wherein the polarization that produces by described antenna be following one of at least: linear, circular and oval.
219. according to the described method of claim 211, wherein said antenna is couple to described chamber with an angle.
220. according to the described method of claim 211, wherein said microwave energy is polarized.
221. one kind to being dispensed to the method that solid-fuelled microwave energy is optimized, and comprising:
Design has the microwave antenna of alterable features, comprises in the solid-fuelled chamber so that microwave energy is assigned to;
The electric field pattern that simulation is produced in described solid fuel by microwave antenna; And
Verify the condition of described microwave antenna.
222., further comprise: revise variable and carry out described simulation according to the described method of claim 221.
223. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein said condition is a performance.
224. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein said condition is a reliability.
225., further comprise: the electric field pattern that the artificial antenna array produces according to the described method of claim 221.
226., further comprise: the electric field pattern of simulating the aerial array generation of different layouts according to the described method of claim 225.
227. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is a size.
228. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is the shape to the coupler of described chamber.
229. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is a power.
230. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is a cost.
231. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is a composition.
232. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is a polarizability.
233. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is the bend in the described antenna.
234. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is to described solid-fuelled distance.
235. according to the described method of claim 221, wherein alterable features is the angle that is inserted into described chamber.
236. according to the described method of claim 221, further comprise: in described simulation, change chamber.
237. according to the described method of claim 236, the width of wherein said chamber is variable.
238. according to the described method of claim 221, the yardstick of wherein said chamber is variable.
239. according to the described method of claim 221, the atmosphere of wherein said chamber is variable.
240. according to the described method of claim 239, wherein said simulation is a wave spectrogram.
241. according to the described method of claim 239, wherein said simulation is the electric field pattern.
242. according to the described method of claim 239, wherein said simulation is that return loss is measured.
243. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and wherein said solid fuel has been filtered into the solid fuel particle of having got rid of less than the threshold size, thereby has optimized microwave energy to described solid-fuelled distribution.
244. according to the described method of claim 243, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
245. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and wherein said solid fuel has been dispensed on and has become a density to be optimized to the distribution of described solid-fuelled microwave energy in the described chamber.
246. according to the described method of claim 245, wherein said solid-fuelled distribution is uniform.
247. according to the described method of claim 245, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
248. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and wherein said solid fuel is distributed in the described chamber by a pattern, to be optimized to the distribution of described solid-fuelled microwave energy.
249. according to the described method of claim 248, wherein said distribution is uniform.
250. according to the described method of claim 248, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
251. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and the shape that wherein is sent to the described microwave energy in the described chamber is optimised for and equably microwave energy is dispensed to described solid fuel.
252. according to the described method of claim 251, the shape of wherein said microwave energy is determined by the shape of waveguide assembly.
253. according to the described method of claim 251, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
254. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber by waveguide assembly; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and the shape of wherein said described waveguide assembly is optimized to microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.
255. according to the described method of claim 254, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
256. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber by the waveguide assembly array; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and the layout structure of wherein said waveguide assembly is optimised for microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.
257. according to the described method of claim 256, wherein said layout structure is a pattern.
258. according to the described method of claim 256, wherein said layout structure is the angle that is inserted into described chamber.
259. according to the described method of claim 256, wherein said layout structure is the orientation angle with respect to another waveguide assembly.
260. according to the described method of claim 256, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
261. one kind is uniformly distributed to solid-fuelled method in the chamber with microwave energy, comprising:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber by the poled waveguide device; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to the polar microwave energy, and the polarization of wherein said microwave energy is optimised for microwave energy is assigned to solid fuel in the described chamber equably.
262. according to the described method 261 of claim, the distribution of wherein optimizing microwave energy further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator.
263. a method that minimizes return loss with the solid fuel of energy distribution to chamber the time comprises:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and the pattern of wherein said solid fuel in described chamber is optimised for return loss minimized.
264., wherein return loss is minimized and further comprises the power that changes described microwave generator according to the described method of claim 263.
265. a method that minimizes return loss with the solid fuel of energy distribution to chamber the time comprises:
Produce microwave energy and described microwave energy is sent in the described chamber by waveguide assembly; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to described microwave energy, and wherein said waveguide assembly is carried out impedance matching to described chamber, to minimize return loss.
266., wherein minimize return loss and further comprise the power that changes described microwave generator according to the described method of claim 265.
267. handle solid-fuelled method, comprising for one kind:
Solid fuel is transported to the inside of microwave chamber, and wherein said solid fuel lying, and randomly transmits along band;
Guide the microwave energy of from microwave generator, launching by waveguide assembly;
Described waveguide assembly is coupled to described microwave chamber; And
Solid fuel in the described chamber is exposed to microwave energy from described waveguide assembly.
268. according to the described method of claim 267, further comprise: described microwave energy polarizes.

Claims (39)

1. one kind forms the method that solid burning block is rolled into a ball, and comprising:
Solid fuel is carried by continuous feeding solid fuel treatment facility;
, be used to handle described solid fuel when the described treatment facility at described solid fuel from the energy of the electromagnetic energy system of described solid fuel treatment facility; And
By the solid burning block groupization of utilizing piece groupization facility that the solid fuel of having handled is exerted pressure and will have been handled, thereby form solid burning block group.
2. method according to claim 1 further comprises: reduced described solid-fuelled size before carrying out piece groupization.
3. method according to claim 2 wherein reduces size and is included in described solid fuel and enters the described solid fuel that grinds and/or crush before the described treatment facility.
4. method according to claim 2 wherein reduces size and comprises described solid fuel is ground and/or is crushed to less than 1/8 inch.
5. method according to claim 1, wherein adding in described solid fuel has binder.
6. method according to claim 5, wherein said binder are at least a in the following material: starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, molasses, sawdust, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.
7. method according to claim 5, wherein said binder was added into before changing described solid fuel size.
8. method according to claim 5, wherein said binder are after changing described solid fuel size but be added into before processing.
9. method according to claim 5, wherein said binder are after handling but be added into before the piece groupization.
10. method according to claim 1, wherein said solid fuel be following one of at least: based on product, agriculture and forestry product, biomass energy product and the coal of timber.
11. method according to claim 10, wherein said coal be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.
12. method according to claim 10, wherein said coal is a coal dust.
13. method according to claim 12, the size of wherein said coal dust is less than 28 meshes.
14. method according to claim 12, wherein said coal dust be in slurry, pug or thickener one of at least in.
15. method according to claim 12, wherein said coal dust is from the metallurgical coal carrying out washing treatment.
16. method according to claim 12, wherein said coal dust is from the waste coal district or retain.
17. method according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy is a microwave energy.
18. method according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy are the RF energy.
19. method according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy is with the frequency work between about 900 to 930MHz.
20. method according to claim 1, wherein said electromagnetic energy is with about 50kW or higher power work.
21. method according to claim 1, wherein said group's facility adjustment is selected from one or more following attribute at least: rolling moment, torsional moment, lift-over power and twisting resistance.
22. method according to claim 1 further comprises: when described solid fuel enters described group facility, improve described solid-fuelled temperature.
23. method according to claim 22, wherein said temperature is at least 60 °F.
24. method according to claim 22, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described temperature was at least 150 °F.
25. method according to claim 22, wherein when described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described temperature was at least 200 °F.
26. being processed into, method according to claim 1, wherein said solid fuel have the expectation moisture content before entering described group's facility.
27. method according to claim 26, wherein said moisture content is lower than 12%.
28. method according to claim 26, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content was lower than 10%.
29. method according to claim 26, wherein when described solid fuel was subbituminous coal, described moisture content was more than 2%.
30. method according to claim 26, wherein when described solid fuel was bituminous coal, described moisture content was lower than 5%.
31. method according to claim 1 further comprises: for described group increases tectum.
32. method according to claim 31, wherein said tectum is a wax.
33. method according to claim 1 further comprises: with extra solid fuel material and the solid fuel material mixing of having handled.
34. method according to claim 33, wherein said extra solid fuel material be following one of at least: subbituminous coal, brown coal, peat, hard coal, metallurgical coal and bituminous coal.
35. method according to claim 33, wherein said extra solid fuel material has been utilized to the energy process mistake from the electromagnetic energy system.
36. method according to claim 1 further comprises: after the processing described group placed outdoor environment and protect described group to avoid the ambient moisture invasion and attack.
37. method according to claim 1, wherein binder and tectum both are added into described group.
38. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said binder is at least a in the following material: sawdust, starch, wheat starch, W-Gum, sugar, sugar are close, gilsonite, pitch earth, rosin, plastics, guar gum, xylogen and PET.
39. according to the described method of claim 37, wherein said tectum is a wax.
CN200880119652XA 2007-10-08 2008-10-07 Be used for method and system with the solid fuel bulkization Pending CN101918520A (en)

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