CN101915956A - 单模光纤 - Google Patents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02004—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating characterised by the core effective area or mode field radius
- G02B6/02009—Large effective area or mode field radius, e.g. to reduce nonlinear effects in single mode fibres
- G02B6/02014—Effective area greater than 60 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
- G02B6/02019—Effective area greater than 90 square microns in the C band, i.e. 1530-1565 nm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03638—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only
- G02B6/03644—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 3 layers only arranged - + -
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
- G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
- G02B6/03661—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only
- G02B6/03666—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 4 layers only arranged - + - +
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02214—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating tailored to obtain the desired dispersion, e.g. dispersion shifted, dispersion flattened
- G02B6/02219—Characterised by the wavelength dispersion properties in the silica low loss window around 1550 nm, i.e. S, C, L and U bands from 1460-1675 nm
- G02B6/02266—Positive dispersion fibres at 1550 nm
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Abstract
一种单模光纤,包括一中心芯部(r1,Δn1),一中间包层(r2,Δn2),一环(r3,Δn3)以及一外层包层。所述光纤在1550nm波长处具有大于或者等于90μm2的有效面积。所述光纤还具有小于1260nm的光缆截止波长(λcc);在1310nm波长处的在8.6μm和9.5μm之间的一模场直径,在1300nm和1324nm之间的一零色散波长;以及小于0.092ps/nm2-km的色散斜率。所述光纤具有大于90μm2的有效面积,与SSMF相比光纤的其他光学参数未劣化。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤传输领域,更确切地,涉及一种具有扩大的有效面积的线性光纤。
背景技术
对于光纤,折射率分布通常根据联系折射率与光纤半径的函数的图形外观分类。在标准方式下,在x轴上显示到光纤中心的距离r。在y轴上,显示折射率(在半径r处)和光纤包层的折射率之间的差。因此,术语“阶跃形(step)”、
“梯形(trapezium)”、“阿尔法(alpha)”或“三角形(triangle)”折射率分布被用于描述具有阶跃形、梯形、阿尔法或者三角形形状曲线的图形。这些曲线是光纤的理论的或者预设的分布的一般代表,同时,光纤的制造约束条件可能导致些微的差异。
在标准方式下,光纤由光学纤芯和光学包层组成,光学纤芯的功能为传输并选择性地放大一光信号,光学包层的功能为将所述光信号限制在纤芯内。为此目的,纤芯的折射指数nc和包层的折射指数ng为nc>ng.。众所周知,在单模光纤内光信号的传播可被分解为在纤芯内导向的基模(fundamental mode),以及在纤芯-包层组件中的一定距离内导向的第二模(secondary modes),称为包层模(cladding modes)。
在标准方式下,阶跃折射率光纤(step-index fibres),也称为SMF(“单模光纤(Single Mode Fibres)”),在光纤传输系统中作为做线性光纤使用。所述光纤具有符合特定电信标准的色散(chromatic dispersion)和色散斜率,以及标准化的截止波长(cut-off wavelength)和有效面积数值。
为了满足来自不同制造商的光学系统之间兼容的需要,国际电信联盟(theInternational Telecommunication Union,ITU)制定了一项标准,ITU-T G.652标准,称为SSMF(Standard Single Mode Fibre标准单模光纤)的标准光学传输纤维必需符合所述标准。
在其它方面中,G.652标准针对传输光纤建议:在1310nm波长处的模场直径(Mode Field Diameter,MFD)范围为8.6-9.5μm[8.6;9.5μm];光缆截止波长的数值最大为1260nm;零色散波长(表示为λ0)的数值的范围为1300-1324nm[1300;1324nm];色散斜率的数值最大为0.092ps/nm2-km。在标准方式下,如同国际电工委员会(International Electrotechnical Commission)的分组委员会86A在IEC 60793-1-44标准中规定的,光缆截止波长测定为,在22米的光纤中传播之后,光信号已不再是单一模式的那个波长。
以本质上已知的方式,传输光纤的有效面积的增加引起光纤中非线性效应的减少。具有扩大的有效面积的传输光纤允许较长距离上的传输,和/或传输系统操作裕量的增加。典型地,SSMF具有80μm2量级的有效面积Aeff。
为了增加传输光纤的有效面积,建议制造具有与SSMF相比扩大的和平坦的纤芯的光纤分布。然而,光纤纤芯形状的如此改变导致光纤中微弯损耗的增长,有效的和光缆截止波长的增长。在标准方式下,有效截止波长测定为,按照IEC的分组委员会86A在IEC 60793-1-44标准中规定的,在2米的光纤中传播之后,光信号已不再是单一模式的那个波长。
US-A-6 658 190描述了具有大于110μm2的扩大的有效面积的传输光纤。所述的光纤具有非常粗的纤芯(是SSMF的1.5至2倍),和具有不变的的或者浅凹陷包层(shallowly depressed cladding)的构造。为了补偿由有效面积的增加引起的微弯损耗的增加,所述文献建议增大光纤的直径(图29)。然而,所述的光纤直径的增加包括成本的增加,并导致由于与其他光纤不相容引起的成缆问题。另外,所述文献指出,截止波长随着所考虑的光纤的长度而减小(图5),并且,特别地,所述光纤实现了传输1公里后的单模特性。然而,所述截止波长的测量并不符合上文引用的标准化的测量。所述文献中描述的光纤具有大于1260nm的光缆截止波长和小于1300nm的零色散波长λ0。因此,所述文献中的光纤并不符合G.652标准中的建议。
US-A-6 614 976描述了一种为了补偿NZ-DSF光纤(NZ-DSF Non Zero-Dispersion Shifted Fibre,非零色散位移光纤)的负色散,在1550nm波长处具有高色散的传输光纤。所述文献的光纤具有大于或等于90μm2的有效面积。然而,所希望的高色散导致大于1260nm的光缆截止波长和小于1300nm的零色散波长λ0。这些特征意味着所述光纤不符合G.652标准中的建议。
US-B-7 187 833描述了一种具有大于80μm2的有效面积的传输光纤。所述文献的光纤具有一中心纤芯,一中间包层以及一凹陷包层。所述的分布可导致光纤中泄漏模(leaky modes)的出现,其使得难以控制截止波长。
现有技术中并没有任何文献描述具有与SSMF相比的扩大的有效面积,同时完全与G.652标准兼容的光纤。
因此,需要一种具有大于90μm2的扩大的有效面积,且并不违反G.652标准的建议的传输光纤。
发明内容
为此目的,本发明提供一种光纤分布,包括一中心芯部、一中间包层以及一环(ring);所述中心芯部、中间包层和环同时被优化以扩大光纤的有效面积,相反地并不影响G.652标准规定的其他传输参数。
更特别的,本发明提供一种单模光纤,包括一中心芯部、一中间包层、一环,以及一外层包层,所述光纤在1550nm波长处具有大于或者等于90μm2的有效面积,并具有:
-小于1260nm的光缆截止波长;
-在1310nm波长处的模场直径为在8.6μm和9.5μm之间;
-零色散波长为在1300nm和1324nm之间;
-在零色散波长处的色散斜率小于0.092ps/nm2-km。
根据实施例,本发明的光纤也可以包括如下技术特征中的一个或几个:
-所述芯部具有在4.5μm和6μm之间的半径,以及与外层包层的折射率差为在4.2×10-3和5.2×10-3之间;
-所述中间包层具有在6.5μm和9.5μm之间的半径,;
-所述环具有在9.5μm和12.5μm之间的半径;
-所述环与所述外层包层的折射率差,为在1×10-3和5.0×10-3之间;
-所述中间包层与所述外层包层的一折射率差,为在-3.0×10-3和1.0×10-3之间;
-可选的,所述光纤在所述环外侧具有一凹陷包层(depressed cladding);
-所述凹陷包层具有在14μm和17μm之间的半径,以及在-10×10-3和-1×103之间的折射率差;
-所述光纤具有有效面积和模场直径之间的一规范化比率,其大于或等于1.270;
-所述光纤的有效面积严格大于90μm2。
-所述光纤的有效面积小于100μm2;
-在1625nm波长处,对于30mm的曲率半径所述光纤具有小于或等于0.05dB/100turns的弯曲损耗。
-在1550nm波长处,所述光纤具有的微弯损耗使得,所述光纤的微弯损耗与服从同样的约束条件的标准单模光纤的微弯损耗的比率小于或等于1.5。
附图说明
在阅读以下通过示例并参照附图给出的,对本发明的实施例的说明之后,本发明的其他特点和优点将清晰可见,这些附图有:
图1为根据本发明第一实施例的光纤的预设分布的图形表示;
图2为根据本发明第一实施例的光纤的预设分布的图形表示。
具体实施方式
将参照图1和图2描述本发明的光纤,其表示预设分布,也就是表示光纤的理论分布,实际上,拉拔一预制品之后获得的光纤可能具有稍有差异的分布。
根据第一实施例(图1),根据本发明的传输光纤包括一中心芯部(centralcore),其与外层包层(作为光纤包层)的折射率差为Δn1;一中间内层包层,其与所述外层包层之间的折射率差为Δn2;以及一环,其与所述外层包层之间的折射率差为正Δn3。所述中心芯部,中间包层和凹陷包层(depressed cladding)内的折射指数在其全部宽度内是实质上不变的。所述芯部的宽度由其半径r1定义;所述中间包层的厚度由r2-r1(r2减r1)定义;所述环的厚度由r3-r2(r3减r2)定义。所述中间包层(r2,Δn2)直接包覆所述中心芯部(r1,Δn1),并且所述环(r3,Δn3)直接包覆所述中间包层(r2,Δn2)。典型地,所述中心芯部,中间包层和环是通过在一二氧化硅管(silica tube)内的CVD类型淀积得到的,而所述的外层包层一般是使用天然的或者掺杂的二氧化硅(silica)再次填充所述管而构成,但是也可通过其他任意淀积技术(VAD或OVD)而获得。
根据第二实施例(图2),根据本发明的传输光纤还包括一直接位于所述环(r3,Δn3)的外侧的凹陷包层,并具有外半径r4,该凹陷包层与所述外层包层的负折射率差为Δn4。所述凹陷包层的宽度由r4-r3(r4减r3)限定。
在根据本发明的光纤中,所述中心芯部的半径r1在4.5μm和6μm之间,并且,优选地,其与所述的外层光纤包层(例如由二氧化硅(silica)制成)相比的折射率差Δn1,在4.2×10-3和5.2×10-3之间。因此,根据本发明的光纤的芯部比SSMF内的芯部稍粗且更平坦化。这些特征使得有可能将在1550nm波长处的有效面积的数值增大为超过90μm2。根据本发明的光纤的中间包层的宽度r2为在6.5μm和9.5μm之间。同时,所述包层与所述的外层包层的折射率差Δn2为在-3×10-3和1.0×10-3之间。根据本发明的光纤还包括一半径r3为在9.5μm和12.5μm之间的环。所述环与所述的外层包层的折射率差Δn3为在1.0×10-3和5.0×10-3之间。所述环的尺寸,与所述芯部和中间包层的尺寸被优化,使得有可能控制所述光纤的光学特性,并且,特别地,使1310nm波长处的模场直径值保持为在8.6μm和9.5μm之间,同时,保证在1550nm波长处的有效面积大于90μm2,并且保证色散和截止特性在G.652标准规定的区间内。
此外,根据本发明的光纤可以具有一凹陷包层(depressed cladding),其具有在14μm和17μm之间的半径r4,以及在-10×10-3和-1×10-3之间的折射率差Δn4。凹陷包层的存在使得有可能将信号更大程度地限制在光纤的芯部内。选择将外层半径r4限制在17μm是为了限制光纤的制造成本。
如下表1给出了根据本发明的传输光纤可能的折射率分布的六个示例,以与具有“阶跃型”折射率分布的标准SSMF光纤进行比较。第一纵栏给出了每一种分布的标号。接下来的纵栏给出了每一部分(r1到r4)的半径数值,以及紧接其后的纵栏显示出每一部分与外层包层相比的折射率差(Δn1到Δn4)。折射率的数值是在633nm波长处测定的。来自表1的示例的光纤具有125μm的外部直径。表1中的数值相当于光纤的预设分布。
表1
示例 | r1(μm) | r2(μm) | r3(μm) | r4(μm) | Δn1(@633nm×10-3) | Δn2(@633nm×10-3) | Δn3(@633nm×10-3) | Δn4(@633nm×10-3) |
SSMF | 4.35 | 5.2 | ||||||
1 | 4.80 | 7.59 | 9.86 | 5.0 | -0.6 | 2.0 | ||
2 | 4.73 | 7.90 | 9.79 | 5.0 | -0.4 | 2.3 | ||
3 | 5.10 | 7.00 | 9.67 | 4.9 | -2.5 | 2.2 | ||
4 | 5.00 | 8.47 | 11.16 | 15.68 | 4.7 | -1.7 | 4.0 | -3.0 |
5 | 4.85 | 8.82 | 12.00 | 15.58 | 4.8 | -1.0 | 3.0 | -3.4 |
6 | 4.97 | 8.19 | 11.82 | 15.49 | 4.7 | -1.4 | 2.6 | -3.0 |
7 | 4.51 | 9.52 | 11.00 | 5.1 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
表2显示了相应于表1的折射率分布的传输光纤的仿真的光学特性。在表2中,第一纵栏重复表1的标号。接下来的纵栏提供对于每一光纤分布,光缆截止波长(λcc)的数值,1310nm波长处的模场直径(2W02)的数值,1550nm波长处的有效面积(Aeff)的数值,1550nm波长处的有效面积和1310nm波长处的模场直径之间的规范化关系,1550nm波长处的色散(D),以及1550nm波长处的色散的斜率(P)。接下来的纵栏提供对于每一光纤分布,零色散波长(ZDW)的数值,在该波长处的色散斜率(PZDW),以及对于30nm的曲率半径在1625nm波长处的弯曲损耗(PC)。
表2
示例 | λCC(nm) | 2W02@1310nm(μm) | Aeff@1550nm(μm2) | Aeff[1550nm]/π(W02[1310nm])2 | D@1550nm(ps/nm-km) | P@1550nm(ps/nm2-km) | ZDW(nm) | PZDW@ZDW(ps/nm2-km) | PCR=30nm@1625nm(dB/100turns) |
SSMF | 1240 | 9.2 | 82 | 1.21 | 16.8 | 0.058 | 1315 | 0.086 | <0.05 |
1 | <1260 | 9.5 | 92 | 1.28 | 16.2 | 0.058 | 1315 | 0.085 | <0.05 |
2 | <1260 | 9.5 | 91 | 1.27 | 16.2 | 0.058 | 1315 | 0.084 | <0.05 |
3 | <1260 | 9.5 | 93 | 1.29 | 16.0 | 0.057 | 1310 | 0.084 | <0.05 |
4 | <1260 | 9.5 | 92 | 1.30 | 16.1 | 0.057 | 1310 | 0.083 | <0.05 |
5 | <1260 | 9.5 | 91 | 1.29 | 16.1 | 0.057 | 1310 | 0.083 | <0.05 |
6 | <1260 | 9.5 | 92 | 1.29 | 16.1 | 0.057 | 1310 | 0.083 | <0.05 |
7 | <1260 | 9.5 | 91 | 1.27 | 16.0 | 0.058 | 1315 | 0.085 | <0.05 |
对于根据本发明的六个示例,从表2指出,有效面积Aeff和模场直径2W02之间的规范化比率(ratio)(参见公式1)是大于或者等于1.270。
公式1
这使得有可能获得大于90μm2的有效面积,同时保持包括在8.6μm和9.5μm之间的模场直径。从表2指出,示例1至7符合G.652标准。光缆截止波长λcc小于1260nm;零色散波长ZDW为从1300nm到1324nm之间,以及色散斜率小于0.092ps/nm2-km。在另一方面,得出弯曲损耗为小于或者等于0.05dB/100turns。所述弯曲损耗的数值与标准阶跃指数分布的G.652光纤的数值相等。因此,根据本发明的传输光纤具有高有效面积,同时符合G.652标准的建议。
此外,根据本发明的光纤具有这样的微弯损耗:根据本发明的光纤的微弯损耗与服从同样的约束条件的SSMF内的微弯损耗的比率小于或等于1.5。例如,所述微弯损耗可以通过例如术语称为固定直径卷筒法(the fixed diameter drummethod)的方法测定。所述方法在借助IEC TR-62221标准在IEC分组委员会86A的技术建议中被描述。
与SSMF相比,根据本发明的光纤具有增强的有效面积数值。然而,所述有效面积保持在小于100μm2。这一限制符合G.652的一套标准。
根据本发明的光纤的分布被优化以符合这些高有效面积和服从G.652标准中的光学参数的约束条件。表1和2说明了上述的半径和折射率的限制数值以保证高有效面积和服从G.652标准中的限定。特别地,如果所述芯部的半径r1减小为小于4.5μm,并且如果Δn1增大到大于5.5,所述有效面积将小于90μm2。如果r1增大为大于6μm,那么所述模场直径2W02,光缆截止波长λcc和零色散波长ZDW具有G.652标准之外的数值。类似地,如果r2过小,所述模场直径2W02将大于由G.652标准规定的最大数值9.5μm;并且,如果r2变得过大,所述有效面积将小于90μm2。此外,如果r3变得过小,所述有效面积将小于90μm2;以及如果r3变得过大,所述模场直径2W02将变得大于由G.652标准规定的最大数值9.5μm,光缆截止波长λcc的数值也一样。
根据本发明的传输光纤特别适用于C-波段长距离传输系统。有效面积增加,光纤其他的光学参数没有明显的劣化,允许在不增大非线性效应情况下,传输的光信号的功率的增加;由此,传输线的信噪比改善,其是陆基或水下长距离光传输系统中特别寻求的。
此外,根据本发明的光纤符合ITU G.652标准的建议。由此,根据本发明的光纤可以安装在大量传输系统中,且与其他系统中的光纤具有良好的兼容性。
Claims (15)
1.一种单模光纤,其特征在于,包括:
一中心芯部,具有一半径r1以及与一外部光学包层的一正折射率差Δn1;
一中间包层,具有一半径r2以及与所述外部光学包层的一折射率差Δn2;
一环,具有一半径r3以及与所述外部光学包层的一正折射率差Δn3;
所述光纤在1550nm波长处具有大于或者等于90μm2的有效面积,和
小于1260nm的光缆截止波长λcc;
在1310nm波长处具有在8.6μm和9.5μm之间的模场直径MDF;
具有在1300nm和1324nm之间的零色散波长Xo;
在零色散波长Xo处的色散斜率小于0.092ps/nm2-km。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述中心芯部的半径r1为在4.5μm和6μm之间。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述中心芯部与所述外部光学包层的折射率差Δn1在4.2×10-3和5.2×10-3之间。
4.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述中间包层具有在6.5μm和9.5μm之间的半径r2。
5.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述环具有在9.5μm和12.5μm之间的半径r3。
6.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述环与所述外层包层的折射率差Δn3为在1×10-3和5.0×10-3之间。
7.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述中间包层与所述外层包层的折射率差Δn2为在-3.0×10-3和1.0×10-3之间。
8.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,在所述环的外侧包括一凹陷包层,其与所述外层包层的负折射率差为Δn4。
9.根据权利要求8所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述凹陷包层的半径r4为在14μm和17μm之间。
10.根据权利要求8或9所述的光纤,其特征在于,其中所述凹陷包层与所述外层包层的折射率差Δn4在-10×10-3和-1×10-3之间。
11.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其有效面积与模场直径MFD的规范化比率大于或者等于1.270。
12.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其具有大于90μm2的有效面积。
13.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,其具有小于100μm2的有效面积。
14.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,在1625nm波长处,对于30mm的曲率半径具有小于或等于0.05dB/100turns的弯曲损耗。
15.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的光纤,其特征在于,在1550nm波长处,具有的微弯损耗使得,所述光纤的微弯损耗与服从同样的约束条件的标准单模光纤的微弯损耗的比率小于或等于1.5。
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CN103257397B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
CN103257397A (zh) | 2013-08-21 |
JP5606742B2 (ja) | 2014-10-15 |
DK2211211T3 (en) | 2014-12-01 |
EP2211211B1 (en) | 2014-10-01 |
ES2525727T3 (es) | 2014-12-29 |
FR2941541A1 (fr) | 2010-07-30 |
US20100189400A1 (en) | 2010-07-29 |
JP2010176122A (ja) | 2010-08-12 |
EP2211211A1 (en) | 2010-07-28 |
FR2941541B1 (fr) | 2011-02-25 |
US8301000B2 (en) | 2012-10-30 |
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