CN101915423B - Refuse burning system and method with functions of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation - Google Patents
Refuse burning system and method with functions of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101915423B CN101915423B CN2010102642546A CN201010264254A CN101915423B CN 101915423 B CN101915423 B CN 101915423B CN 2010102642546 A CN2010102642546 A CN 2010102642546A CN 201010264254 A CN201010264254 A CN 201010264254A CN 101915423 B CN101915423 B CN 101915423B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a refuse burning system and method with functions of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation. The system of the invention comprises an exhaust-heat boiler, a flue gas cleaning device, a calcium base retardant adding device, a flue gas pre-humidifying device and a control device, wherein the flue gas pre-humidifying device is arranged between the exhaust-heat boiler and the flue gas cleaning device; the retardant adding device is used for adding calcium base retardant to the refuse burning system; and the calcium base retardant adding device, the flue gas pre-humidifying device and the flue gas cleaning device are respectively connected with the control device. The invention can simultaneously reduce the emission of dioxin materials and acidic gas, and is suitable for various solid waste burning systems.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the garbage incineration technology field, relate in particular to a kind of refuse burning system and method that has deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently.
Background technology
Solid waste such as burning method processing house refuse have innoxious thorough, and height minus quantizes, and resource (heat recovery) utilization rate advantages of higher is one of technology that best embodies garbage disposal three big principles.Obtained using very widely in developed country such as America and Europe, Japan and area.From late 1990s; Garbage incineration technology has also obtained development rapidly in China; Each big and medium-sized cities has been built up waste incineration (generating, heat supply) factory in succession; The municipal solid waste incinerator quantity of expectation China in following a period of time will be to increase by a relatively large margin, and the ratio of handling solid waste such as house refuse through burning method also will improve year by year.
But what can not be ignored is that burning method is handled house refuse and also brought secondary pollution problem.Dioxin-like chemical is exactly one of important pollutant of waste incineration discharging, also is a type of toxicity maximum.If dioxin-like chemical can not be controlled effectively and administer from the emission problem of waste incineration facility, can bring great destruction to natural environment, health of human body is caused huge injury.And will become the big restraining factors that garbage incineration technology continues development.
Current at present, the most widely used flue gas of refuse burning dioxin technology of removing; Be that (extracting tower or sack cleaner) sprays into powdered active carbon (or particulate of other porous, high-specific surface area) in flue in the tail flue gas treating apparatus; Combine sack cleaner again; Through effects such as absorption, filtrations, remove the dioxin-like chemical in the flue gas, make incineration flue gas discharging dioxin purpose up to standard thereby reach.Similarly also have afterbody that activated carbon adsorber moral technology is set with it.This technology is very effective, and technology is also very ripe, but only is to shift the pollutant in the flue gas, dioxin-like chemical is adsorbed onto active carbon collects to flying dust.Though the content of dioxin-like chemical has reduced in the flue gas, the rising owing to dioxins concentration in the flying dust has increased its danger, and toxicity is bigger, also more difficult processing.This treatment process shows no sign of the total amount that reduces refuse incineration from generating dioxins class material, is not dioxin improvement technology truly.If temperature control is too high, also can be at the synthetic dioxin-like chemical of activated carbon surface.In addition, the absorption dioxin needs high-quality Powdered Activated Carbon, and its fancy price makes that also the operating cost of this technology is very high, has increased the garbage disposal cost greatly.
The generation of danger wastes CIU quench control commonly used PCDD/Fs.Be generally quench tower is set, in flue gas, spray into a large amount of atomized waters, make flue gas by being cooled to rapidly below 200 ℃ more than 600 ℃.Avoid in this temperature range, generating PCDD/Fs through mechanism 2 and mechanism 3.But this technology is very unfavorable to the recovery of burning heat energy, in large-scale consumer waste incineration system, does not adopt.
Also have in addition through afterbody the metal solvent degraded to be set and ultraviolet degradation PCDD/Fs device is controlled the technology of dioxin-like chemical discharging, but all do not applied on a large scale at present, the technology of still not having mature and reliable can supply to implement.And component of refuse is very complicated and unstable, contains the material that can make catalyst poisoning in a large number in the incineration ashes, and can metal solvent and ultraviolet degradation be suitable for and wait textual criticism.In addition, metal solvent degraded and ultraviolet degradation PCDD/Fs technology are also only to being distributed in the part in the gas phase, to being adsorbed in the effect that PCDD/Fs does not clear up in the flying dust.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of refuse burning system and method that has deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently.
The invention discloses a kind of refuse burning system that has deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently; Comprise waste heat boiler and smoke eliminator; Said system also comprises calcium base retarding agent throwing device, the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas and control device; The preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas is arranged between said waste heat boiler and the said smoke eliminator, and said retarding agent throwing device is used for adding calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system; And said calcium base retarding agent throwing device, the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas are connected with said control device respectively with said smoke eliminator.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system, preferred said refuse burning system also comprises circulating fluid bed garbage furnace and cyclone separator, said incinerator, said cyclone separator, said waste heat boiler and said smoke eliminator are linked in sequence successively; And, also be connected with external superheater between said cyclone separator and the said incinerator.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system; Preferred said retarding agent throwing device adds point through retarding agent and adds calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system, and said retarding agent adds point and is arranged at following at least one place: the back-end ductwork at the returning charge leg of the burner hearth of said incinerator, said external superheater, said cyclone separator or said waste heat boiler place.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system, the preparatory humidifying device of preferred said flue gas comprises interconnective water injector and water system.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system, preferred said water injector is atomizing lance or activated reactor.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system; Preferred said control device comprises interconnective monitoring device and controller; Said monitoring device is used to monitor the parameter that comprises pressure, temperature, flow, smoke components; For the operation of program in the controller provides foundation and feedback, said controller is controlled all devices of said retarding agent dosing system, the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas and said smoke eliminator through program, and the signal of display device operation conditions and monitoring device in real time.
Above-mentioned refuse burning system, preferred said calcium base retarding agent throwing device comprises interconnective retarding agent storage device and transport; Said storage device is provided with feed bin and anti-arc equipment; Said transport is provided with charging gear and the Pneumatic conveyer that is connected.
On the other hand; The invention also discloses a kind of garbage incineration method that has deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently; The above-mentioned refuse burning system of said method; In the circulating fluid bed garbage furnace running:, confirm the addition of calcium base retarding agent through detecting flue gas purification system inlet flue gas composition and exhaust gas volumn.
Above-mentioned garbage incineration method; Preferably in the circulating fluid bed garbage furnace running: through controlling the discharge in the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas; Make the flue-gas temperature of said flue gas purification system inlet than the low Δ T=10 of flue-gas temperature at said heat boiler outlet place～30 ℃, and higher 20 ℃ than this place's flue gas dew point temperature at least.
Above-mentioned garbage incineration method, preferred said calcium base retarding agent comprises calcium oxide (calcium oxide is the Main Ingredients and Appearance of calcium base retarding agent), addition is confirmed through following mode: M=n*Q* ((A/64)+(B/36.5/2)) * 56*/(10^6)/W; Wherein, A is a flue gas purification system inlet content of sulfur dioxide, the mg/Nm of unit
3B is a flue gas purification system inlet hydrogen chloride content, and unit is mg/Nm
3Q is an exhaust gas volumn, and unit is Nm
3/ h; N is a calcium base retarding agent dosage multiple, selects n=0.5～3; W is the mass percentage content of calcium oxide in the calcium base retarding agent.
Above-mentioned garbage incineration method, when the water in the preparatory humidifying device of preferred said flue gas was atomized water, discharge was confirmed according to following mode: regulate preparatory humidification atomizing water yield Q, unit is m
3/ h makes T
2Satisfy T
2=T
1-Δ T, and T
2-T
d>=20 ℃; Wherein, T
1Be the flue-gas temperature at heat boiler outlet place, T
2Be flue gas purification system entrance flue gas temperature, T
dBe this place's flue gas dew point temperature.
The present invention combines the characteristics of consumer waste incineration system and exhaust treatment system, has proposed a kind ofly reasonable, advanced to have deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generates synergistic incinerator exhaust treatment system and method.The present invention is according to the concrete operation conditions of different CIUs; Select different retarding agents to add type, mode, adding point and dosage; And then make retarding agent give full play to its effect; The effectively generation of retarding dioxin class material, and calcium base retarding agent can also be utilized as deacidification agent in incinerator back-end ductwork and smoke processing system once more.That is to say that the calcium base retarding agent among the present invention had both played the effect that retarding dioxin generates, and had reduced exhaust treatment system deacidification agent consumption again.And the present invention also is provided with the preparatory humidification system of flue gas to improve the utilization ratio of calcium base retarding agent in the depickling system.
In addition, the present invention is not only applicable to the consumer waste incineration system, for the CIU of existing other types, adds system through increasing retarding agent, can reach the effect that reduces the dioxin discharging yet; And the improvement project amount is little, and applicability is strong, and is little to former CIU influence.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has the structural representation of the refuse burning system embodiment of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently for the present invention;
Fig. 2 A is the structural representation of calcium base retarding agent dosing system;
Fig. 2 B is the simple structure block diagram of the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas;
Fig. 3 is the annexation sketch map of control device and retarding agent throwing device, the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas and smoke eliminator.
The specific embodiment
For make above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, feature and advantage can be more obviously understandable, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and the specific embodiment the present invention done further detailed explanation.
The mechanism of waste incineration discharging dioxin:
Dioxin-like chemical has the reason aspect two in the waste incineration discharging: being that the dioxin-like chemical of sneaking in the rubbish is not decomposed by complete oxidation in burning process on the one hand, is to have produced dioxin in the waste incineration process on the other hand.According to present domestic and international research, the formation mechanism that produces dioxin in the waste incineration process mainly contains following three kinds:
(1) High Temperature Gas generates mutually.
Get into incinerator at rubbish, behind super-dry, warm-up phase, take fire, part rubbish (bulk) may be in local anoxycausis state when burning, and can generate some imperfect combustion products this moment.Chlorine in the rubbish (organochlorine and inorganic chlorine) is most can discharging with the form of HCl when burning, and be converted into Cl and Cl in the effect lower part of catalyst
2Cl and Cl
2All but chlorination imperfect combustion product generates the imperfect combustion product of chloro, and then generates PCDD/Fs through polymerisation.Have research think this mechanism generate dioxin optimal reaction temperature 500～800 ℃ of scopes.
(2) low temperature heterocatalysis predecessor synthetic reaction.
In this type reaction, PCDD/Fs generates through the thermal degradation and the molecular rearrangement of predecessor, and predecessor normally has the chlorination aromatic hydrocarbon of analog structure with PCDD/Fs.The predecessor that has been identified has Polychlorinated biphenyls, chlorophenol and chlorobenzene etc.When forming process betided predecessor absorption and concentrates in floating particulate, the avtive spot of microparticle surfaces can promote the formation of PCDD/Fs.But the formation of catalysis PCDD/Fs reaction when butter is adsorbed on the particulate.This reaction optimal temperature is 250～450 ℃ (also having research to think 220～500 ℃), and reaction too high or too low for temperature all can be suppressed.
Generate the existence that PCDD/Fs has following key condition: a, predecessor through this mechanism; B, has small porous particle, like the dust stratification in flying dust or heating surface, the flue than bigger serface and adsorption capacity; C, avtive spot do not burn carbon; D, catalyst, butter, especially transition metal chloride such as copper chloride, iron chloride; The temperature range of e, reaction, 250～450 ℃.
(3) low temperature heterocatalysis synthetic reaction from the beginning.
In this mechanism, PCDD/Fs is synthesized by those and its dissimilar non-predecessor of molecular structure.These non-predecessors comprise: oil product, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, cellulose, lignin, coke, coal, carbon particulate and hydrogen chloride gas.
From the beginning synthetic reaction process is mainly: the carbon of small amount of residual is adsorbed in the pore of fly ash granule closely in the flying dust; When air flows through flying dust; Airborne oxygen is diffused in the pore and reacts with natural carbon (big molecular carbon), i.e. the oxidative degradation of big molecular carbon, and chlorine is transferred to the big molecular carbon from the muriatic ligand of flying dust surface metal simultaneously; Form the aromatic compound of chloro, further generate PCDD/Fs again.
Lot of test, result of study show that from the beginning the dioxins concentration and the following condition of synthetic reaction generation are closely related: a, temperature, and from the beginning synthetic dioxin minimum temperature is 200 ℃, the optimum temperature window is about 300～350 ℃ and 450 ℃; The content of carbon and form in b, the flying dust; C, metallic catalyst are one of synthetic reaction essential conditions from the beginning, and cupric is acknowledged as the catalyst that promotes that the most effectively PCDD/Fs generates, and also have research to think that ferrous iron and ferric iron also have the catalytic capability identical with copper; From the beginning d, oxygen are playing an important role in the synthetic reaction, in the production process of the gasification of carbon, chlorine, all need the contribution of oxygen; E, chlorine source are that PCDD/Fs forms requisite element, and the Cl2 chlorination ability that it is generally acknowledged is higher than HCl.
Above-mentioned three kinds of mechanism produce among the PCDD/Fs in the waste incineration process has effect more or less; It is generally acknowledged in the CIU of changing in modern times; Burn under the good situation of operating mode control; The contribution of mechanism 2 and mechanism 3 accounts for major part, and the furnace high-temperature gas phase generates (mechanism 1) and almost can ignore.But specifically play a leading role, also will depend on the influence of various factors such as design, burning condition, propellant composition, running status of the type of furnace, CIU by any mechanism.
The present invention is based on following principle:
1, calcium base retarding agent retardation mechanism that dioxin-like chemical is generated:
In the reaction of dioxin-like chemical through mechanism 2 generations, main precursor substance is chlorophenol, chlorobenzene etc.Calcium base retarding agent mainly is the CaO and the Ca (OH) of alkalescence
2, can generate salts substances with being weakly acidic chlorophenol reaction, thereby destroy the reaction condition of its synthetic dioxin-like chemical.And chlorobenzene mainly is through generating chlorophenol earlier, generating dioxin-like chemical through condensation reaction again.CaO and Ca (OH) in addition
2Also can through with chlorine source (Cl
2And HCl) reaction, retarding dioxin class material generates through mechanism 2 or mechanism 3.
In addition, also add some special reaction promoters in the calcium base retarding agent, be used to improve the retardance efficient of calcium base retarding agent.
2, the collaborative deacidification mechanism of calcium base retarding agent:
Owing to contain a certain amount of chlorine (Cl), sulphur (S) usually in the rubbish, can be converted into hydrogen chloride (HCl), sulfur dioxide (SO through burning major part
2) wait gaseous contaminant.The garbage incinerating tail gas treatment system is provided with deacidifying device and dust arrester usually.In deacidifying device, add deacidification agents such as calcium hydroxide, absorbing hydrogen chloride and sulfur dioxide are controlled its discharging.
Calcium base retarding agent main component is the calcium oxide (CaO) of alkalescence, and except in the flue gas cool-down process, playing the effect that retarding dioxin class material generates, remaining retarding agent also can react with the sour gas in the incineration flue gas, plays the effect of depickling.Its mechanism of action is following:
At the incinerator back-end ductwork, flue-gas temperature is reduced to about 200 ℃ by 950 ℃, about 6 seconds of gas residence time.In this process, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide etc. react with hydrogen chloride, the sulfur dioxide of gaseous state, generate more stable materials such as calcium chloride, calcium sulfite, calcium sulfate.Wherein the reaction of calcium oxide and hydrogen chloride gas is more active during 600 ℃ of left and right sides of flue-gas temperature.
Do not have the calcium base retarding agent compositions such as calcium oxide and calcium hydroxide of complete reaction to get into exhaust treatment system at the incinerator back-end ductwork, react as the fresh deacidification agent and the acidic gas in flue gas of depickling system.
Therefore; Starting point of the present invention is: based on the characteristic of calcium base retarding agent; In conjunction with the characteristics of consumer waste incineration system and exhaust treatment system, proposed a kind ofly reasonable, advanced have deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generates synergistic incinerator exhaust treatment system and method.
With reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 has the structural representation of the refuse burning system embodiment of deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently for the present invention.Comprise like lower component: the circulating fluid bed garbage furnace 3 that is linked in sequence successively, cyclone separator 1, waste heat boiler (comprise radiation heating-surface 7, superheater 8, convection bank 9, economize coal gas 13 and air preheater 10) and smoke eliminator 12; Also be connected with external superheater 2 between said cyclone separator 1 and the said incinerator 3; Said system also comprises calcium base retarding agent throwing device 6, the preparatory humidifying device 11 of flue gas and control device (not shown); The preparatory humidifying device 11 of said flue gas is arranged between said waste heat boiler and the said smoke eliminator 12, and said retarding agent throwing device 6 is used for adding calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system; And said retarding agent throwing device 6, the preparatory humidifying device 11 of said flue gas are connected with said control device respectively with said smoke eliminator 12.
Wherein, Retarding agent throwing device 6 adds point through retarding agent and adds calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system, and retarding agent adds point and is arranged at: on the back-end ductwork at the returning charge leg of said burner hearth, said external superheater 2, said cyclone separator or waste heat boiler place.Need to prove that retarding agent shown in Figure 1 adds the some position just to have carried out preferably, each position of CIU all can be used as the adding point in principle.
Below, above-mentioned refuse burning system is done detailed explanation.
With reference to Fig. 2 A, Fig. 2 A is the structural representation of calcium base retarding agent throwing device.Calcium base retarding agent throwing device 6 comprises retarding agent storage device 21, transport 22.Storage device 21 is provided with feed bin 211 and anti-arc equipment 212; Transport 22 is provided with charging gear 221, Pneumatic conveyer 222 or mechanical transmission device 223.
The feed bin 211 of storage device 21 can be preserved the calcium base retarding agent of certain hour (being generally 2～10 days) consumption.Feed bin 211 adopts totally enclosed design, can guarantee that retarding agent can not make moist, leak or react with other impurity and influences its performance.The effect of anti-arc equipment 212 is to prevent phenomenons such as retarding agent is stacked in feed bin for a long time and generation is built bridge, knot arch, influences and carries.
Material in the feed bin 21 adds in the point through the retarding agent that transport 22 is added to the refuse burning system in the CIU.Wherein charging gear 221 is selected the positive displacement batcher for use, like screw(-type) feeder, disk feeder or star-shaped feeding machine etc.Regulate feeding coal through its rotating speed of VFC, can realize quantitative, even, adjustable feed.The effect of transport 22 is with the corresponding retarding agent adding of mass transport to the CIU of batcher outlet point.According to material variety, feed bin 21 and different situations such as an adding point relative position, adding point operating mode, can select Pneumatic conveyer 222 or mechanical transmission device 223 for use, also can the outlet of charging gear 221 directly be arranged in feed point.
In one embodiment, feed bin 21 can store the calcium base retarding agent that satisfies 3 days consumptions of system, and the set inside agitating device is to prevent material knot arch, to build bridge.Feed bin 21 bottoms connect many screw(-type) feeders, are respectively applied for to a plurality of retarding agents to add the some feed.Screw(-type) feeder through demarcating can be carried retarding agent quantitative, adjustable, uniformly, and batcher is regulated the size of feeding coal through VFC.The material that batcher spues, the air that is provided by blower fan is delivered to the adding point.Under the protection of calcium base retarding agent, incineration flue gas in convection pass through accomplishing its temperature-fall period with the heating surface heat exchange.Can play the effect that retarding dioxin class material generated and removed the part sour gas in this course.
Because in the conventional semidry method deacidifying process, final deacidification agent with reactions such as sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride is a calcium hydroxide, its reaction speed, activity are all than the calcium oxide height under nominal situation.In order to improve calcium base retarding agent utilization ratio as deacidification agent in flue gas purification system; At boiler export (air preheater) afterwards; The preparatory humidifying device of flue gas is set before the flue gas purification system, gets into the depickling system again after making most of calcium oxide be converted into calcium hydroxide.
In one embodiment, the preparatory humidifying device choosing of flue gas is made up of atomizer and water system, by means of atomizer, can the water after the atomizing quantitatively be sprayed into, and fully mixes with flue gas and flying dust.Water droplet in evaporation process with flying dust in calcium oxide combine, generate calcium hydroxide.With reference to Fig. 2 B, Fig. 2 B is the simple structure block diagram of the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas.The water injector of the preparatory humidifying device of this flue gas is an atomizer, and it is connected with the water tank that is connected successively, booster water pump, flow, pressure-regulating valve; In addition, atomizer also is connected with compressed air, flow pressure control valve.
Need to prove; The optimal design that the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas just carries out for the deacidification effect that improves calcium base retarding agent; Be not qualification, in principle preparatory humidifying device can be set, can play the effect of deacidification agent behind the calcium base retarding agent entering smoke processing system yet this technology.And water injector also can be selected other forms of humidifying process for use, such as spraying into slurries, or adopts common non-atomizing lance or spray column etc.In addition, the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas not necessarily is arranged at the exhaust-heat boiler flue gas exit, also can be arranged in the special activated reactor.
Smoke eliminator mainly comprises depickling system and bag-type dust removal system.Flue gas purification system can adopt the supporting routine techniques of domestic waste incineration, absorbs depickling (GSA), the integrated depickling of the preparatory humidification of circulating ash technologies such as (NID) such as circulating fluid bed semi-drying method depickling (CFB), gas suspension.
With reference to Fig. 3, Fig. 3 is the annexation sketch map of control device 30 and calcium base retarding agent throwing device 6, the preparatory humidifying device 11 of flue gas and smoke eliminator 12.
Monitoring device 301 comprises; The pressure sensor that in Pneumatic conveying pipeline, is provided with; Sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride sensor that the smoke eliminator inlet is provided with, sulfur dioxide, hydrogen chloride, exhaust gas volumn sensor that the smoke eliminator outlet is provided with, the temperature sensor that boiler export (after the air preheater) and flue gas purification system inlet are provided with; The level sensor that is provided with in the feed bin; Above-mentioned instrument all can be continuously, monitoring in real time and upload related data to host computer, and system condition is fed back to control device in real time, and the control system is according to program or control the work of each system artificially.
Controller 302 comprises PLC (or DCS) and host computer, through the program that configures all devices of retarding agent dosing system, the preparatory humidification system of flue gas and flue gas purification system controlled, and the signal of real-time display device operation conditions and monitoring device.
On the other hand; The present invention also provides a kind of garbage incineration method that has deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generation concurrently; This method is based on above-mentioned refuse burning system, in the circulating fluid bed garbage furnace running, through controlling the discharge in the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas; Make the flue-gas temperature of said flue gas purification system inlet than the low Δ T=10 of flue-gas temperature at said heat boiler outlet place～30 ℃, and higher 20 ℃ than this place's flue gas dew point temperature at least; Through detecting flue gas purification system inlet flue gas composition and exhaust gas volumn, confirm the addition of calcium base retarding agent.
That is to say that this method innovative point is the design of collaborative depickling and the design of the preparatory humidification system of flue gas.This method has proposed control principle and computing formula to technological parameter.
Flue between boiler export (after the waste heat boiler) and flue gas purification system inlet is selected the preparatory humidification atomizing lance of rational location arrangements flue gas.Position choice have following some need satisfy: to not influence of the heat exchange of CIU waste heat boiler; After atomized water gets into flue gas, the evaporation of time enough and space should be arranged, can not cause the dust stratification of follow-up equipment, sticking wall.Specify control principle and computing formula below.
Humidification atomizing water yield control in advance:
The control principle: make the flue gas purification system entrance flue gas temperature than low 10～30 ℃ of boiler export (before the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas) flue-gas temperature through the control atomizing water yield, but should be higher 20 ℃ than this place's flue gas dew point temperature at least.Wherein, the flue gas dew point temperature is meant flue gas under pressure and all immovable condition of moisture content, is cooled to the temperature when saturated.
Design conditions: boiler export flue-gas temperature T
1℃, flue gas purification system entrance flue gas temperature T
2℃, T ℃ of flue gas cool-down amplitude, ao, humidification atomizing water yield Q m in advance
3/ h, the flue gas dew point temperature T
d℃.
Calculating formula: regulate Q, make T
2Satisfy following calculating formula
T
2=T
1-Δ T, and T
2-T
d>=20 ℃.
According to different burning operating modes, burning process and retarding agent dosage etc., selection Δ T=10～30 ℃; For example as heat boiler outlet flue-gas temperature T
1>=T
d+ 50 ℃, and calcium base retarding agent dosage multiple n value is 1～3 o'clock, Δ T gets 30 ℃.
The technological parameter of said tail gas from incinerator processing method and system's most critical is the dosage control of retarding agent.And confirming of dosage depends on incinerator smoke amount and smoke components data such as (mainly being content of acid gas).According to the confirmatory experiment of the lab scale that calcium base retarding agent is carried out, pilot experiment and technical grade demonstration project, control principle below this method and system propose:
Calcium base retarding agent dosage:
The control principle: calcium base retarding agent is in calcium oxide content, and dosage is 0.5～3 times of the required calcium oxide content of place CIU deacidifying flue gas.
Design conditions: flue gas purification system inlet content of sulfur dioxide is A mg/Nm3, and hydrogen chloride content is B mg/Nm
3, exhaust gas volumn is Q Nm
3/ h, the calcium oxide mass content is W in the calcium base retarding agent, calcium base retarding agent dosage multiple n.
Calculating formula: calcium base retarding agent dosage M (kg/h) is calculated as follows
M＝n*Q*((A/64)+(B/36.5/2))*56*/(10^6)/W；
According to different burning operating modes, burning process etc., select n=0.5～3 times.
In addition, once some need emphasize once more in addition:
The first, the feed bin of retarding agent stocking system and anti-arc equipment are the most basic configurations, according to the difference of feed bin form, material properties and feeding manner also needs configuration roof scrubber, pressure vacuum relief valve or the like.Adopt agitator as anti-arc equipment in the instance, also can adopt form of device such as fluidization air, mechanical vibrator, air bubble.
The second, the batcher of retarding agent dosing system has been selected screw(-type) feeder in the instance, also can adopt star-shaped feeding machine, disk feeder, Weighing feeder or the like, as long as can realize quantitative, even, adjustable feed.
Three, the strength in the instance is carried and has been selected blower fan as source of the gas, also can adopt compressed air or CIU self vacuum pressure conveying etc.The blower fan form is also unqualified, and roots blower, centrifugal blower, screw rod blower fan all can.
Four, has just carried out preferably the said retarding agent adding of a preamble sketch map point position, and each position of CIU all can be used as the adding point in principle.
Five, the preparatory humidification system of flue gas is the optimal design of carrying out for the deacidification effect that improves calcium base retarding agent; It is not qualification to this technology; In principle preparatory humidification system can be set, also can play the effect of deacidification agent behind the calcium base retarding agent entering smoke processing system.
Six, to have selected atomizing lance for use be a kind of preferred to the preparatory humidification system of flue gas, also can select other forms of humidifying process for use, such as spraying into slurries, or adopts common non-atomizing lance or spray column or the like.
Seven, humidification system can be arranged in the flue of boiler export in advance, also special activated reactor can be set, to improve the conversion ratio of calcium oxide.
Eight, the technology in the above-mentioned smoke eliminator (CFB, GSA, NID) just to a kind of introductions of common process with preferably, in this method and system, can select wherein any one for use, also can select the flue gas purifying technique of other other forms.As long as calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide can be used as deacidification agent and use the purpose that can reach collaborative depickling in this technology.
Nine, instance adapts to the retarding agent that is used for the circulating fluid bed garbage system and adds system; Also can be applied to the incinerator of forms such as grate furnace, kiln, pyrolysis oven, the object of burning can be the discarded object that house refuse, industrial refuse, medical waste, danger wastes etc. might generate dioxin-like chemical.
Ten, can use calcium carbonate as calcium base retarding agent in some cases, cost is much lower, and it is easier to preserve, carry.
In sum, the present invention has following advantage:
1, to form, the addition of calcium base retarding agent, add the implantation site excellent adaptability all arranged;
2, calcium base retarding agent uses as deacidification agent in follow-up system, and the retarding agent utilization rate is high; Simultaneously can also reduce exhaust treatment system deacidification agent consumption.
3, advance to depickling in the burner hearth and the back-end ductwork of furnace outlet in, can reduce in the flue gas sour gas to the corrosion of follow-up equipment (like back-end ductwork, waste heat boiler etc.).
4, can significantly reduce the amount of incineration flue gas synthetic dioxin-like chemical in temperature-fall period, overall control has great importance to dioxin.
More than a kind ofly have refuse burning system and the method that deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generate concurrently and describe in detail provided by the present invention; Used specific embodiment among this paper principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof; Simultaneously, for one of ordinary skill in the art, according to thought of the present invention, part all can change on the specific embodiment and range of application.In sum, this description should not be construed as limitation of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. one kind has the garbage incineration method that deacidifying flue gas and retarding dioxin generate concurrently, and said method is based on following refuse burning system:
This refuse burning system comprises waste heat boiler and smoke eliminator;
Said system also comprises calcium base retarding agent throwing device, the preparatory humidifying device of flue gas and control device; The preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas is arranged between said waste heat boiler and the said smoke eliminator, and said retarding agent throwing device is used for adding calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system; And said calcium base retarding agent throwing device, the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas are connected with said control device respectively with said smoke eliminator; Wherein,
Said refuse burning system also comprises circulating fluid bed garbage furnace and cyclone separator, and said incinerator, said cyclone separator, said waste heat boiler and said smoke eliminator are linked in sequence successively; And, also be connected with external superheater between said cyclone separator and the said incinerator; And
Said retarding agent throwing device adds point through retarding agent and adds calcium base retarding agent to said refuse burning system, and said retarding agent adds point and is arranged at following at least one place: the returning charge leg of the burner hearth of said incinerator, said external superheater, said cyclone separator;
It is characterized in that garbage incineration method is in the circulating fluid bed garbage furnace running:
Through detecting flue gas purification system inlet flue gas composition and exhaust gas volumn, confirm the addition of calcium base retarding agent; And,
Through controlling the discharge in the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas, make the flue-gas temperature of said flue gas purification system inlet than the low Δ T=10 of flue-gas temperature at said heat boiler outlet place～30 ℃, and higher 20 ℃ than this place's flue gas dew point temperature at least; And
Said calcium base retarding agent comprises calcium oxide, and the addition of calcium base retarding agent is confirmed through following mode:
M＝n*Q*((A/64)+(B/36.5/2))*56*/10^6)/W；
Wherein,
A is a flue gas purification system inlet content of sulfur dioxide, the mg/Nm of unit
3
B is a flue gas purification system inlet hydrogen chloride content, and unit is mg/Nm
3
Q is an exhaust gas volumn, and unit is Nm
3/ h;
N is a calcium base retarding agent dosage multiple, selects n=0.5～3;
W is the mass percentage content of calcium oxide in the calcium base retarding agent.
2. garbage incineration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, when the water in the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas was atomized water, discharge was confirmed according to following mode:
Regulate the preparatory humidification atomizing water yield, unit is m
3/ h makes T
2Satisfy T
2=T
1-Δ T, and T
2-T
d>=20 ℃;
Wherein, T
1Be the flue-gas temperature at heat boiler outlet place, T
2Be flue gas purification system entrance flue gas temperature, T
dBe this place's flue gas dew point temperature.
3. garbage incineration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas comprises interconnective water injector and water system.
4. garbage incineration method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said water injector is an atomizing lance.
5. garbage incineration method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, said water injector is an activated reactor.
6. garbage incineration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that,
Said control device comprises interconnective monitoring device and controller; Said monitoring device is used to monitor the parameter that comprises pressure, temperature, flow, smoke components; For the operation of program in the controller provides foundation and feedback; Said controller is controlled all devices of said retarding agent dosing system, the preparatory humidifying device of said flue gas and said smoke eliminator through program, and the signal of real-time display device operation conditions and monitoring device.
7. garbage incineration method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said calcium base retarding agent throwing device comprises interconnective retarding agent storage device and transport; Said storage device is provided with feed bin and anti-arc equipment; Said transport is provided with charging gear and the Pneumatic conveyer that is connected.
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| CN105042579A (en) * | 2015-08-31 | 2015-11-11 | 北京龙电宏泰环保科技有限公司 | Method and device for efficiently controlling organic pollutants of circulating fluidized bed boiler and precursors of organic pollutants |
| CN108548186A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-09-18 | 福州大学 | A kind of waste incinerator dechlorination purifier |
| CN108954346A (en) * | 2018-09-14 | 2018-12-07 | 浙江特富锅炉有限公司 | Flue gas self-heating handles waste oil liquid waste incineration boiler |
| CN114182107A (en) * | 2021-10-28 | 2022-03-15 | 国科大杭州高等研究院 | Method for inhibiting generation of environment-persistent free radicals in smelting process of reclaimed copper by using calcium-based retarder |
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| JP2006317083A (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of computing optimum shape of cylindrical fluidized bed type incinerator |
| CN100402926C (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2008-07-16 | 清华大学 | Method and equipment for purifying tail gas generated by burnning garbage |
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| CN101749714A (en) * | 2009-12-31 | 2010-06-23 | 北京中科通用能源环保有限责任公司 | Waste incineration method capable of inhibiting generation of dioxins and system thereof |
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| CN100402926C (en) * | 2004-12-29 | 2008-07-16 | 清华大学 | Method and equipment for purifying tail gas generated by burnning garbage |
| JP2006317083A (en) * | 2005-05-13 | 2006-11-24 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Method of computing optimum shape of cylindrical fluidized bed type incinerator |
| CN201289090Y (en) * | 2008-10-16 | 2009-08-12 | 王中 | Flyash combustible recycling and dioxin pollution removing device |
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