CN101913012A - Two phase stainless steel submerged-arc welding SAW welding procedure - Google Patents
Two phase stainless steel submerged-arc welding SAW welding procedure Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000010297 mechanical methods and process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
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- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
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Abstract
The invention relates to an economic and practical submerged arc welding procedure applicable to welding of common two phase stainless steel 022CrNi5Mo3(S31803 and S2205). The invention is characterized in that the procedure includes the following steps: 1) the performance characteristics of two phase stainless steel are researched; 2) welding material is selected and welding procedure is determined; 3) welding edge preparation is carried out; 4) clean-up and final inspection are carried out on the surface of work piece to be welded; 5) submerged arc welding is carried out on the common two phase stainless steel. The invention is based on research of chemical constituents and performance characteristics of common two phase stainless steel, economic and practical domestic submerged arc welding material combination applicable to common two phase stainless steel and reasonable submerged arc welding procedure are selected, and the invention has the advantage that efficient welding of two phase stainless steel is realized by adopting high line energy submerged arc welding. Welding of common two phase stainless steel is carried out by adopting the invention, the chemical constituents of welding line can be ensured to meet standard requirement, ferrite content of welding joint (including welding line and heat affected zone) is controlled to be 30-65%, and the welding joint has good mechanical properties and pitting corrosion resistance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a submerged-arc welding material combination, in particular to a SAW welding process for double-phase stainless steel submerged-arc welding.
Background
As a stainless steel containing ferrite and austenite, the duplex stainless steel has the advantages of both ferrite and austenite stainless steel, combines the excellent toughness and weldability of austenite stainless steel with the higher strength and chloride stress corrosion resistance of ferrite stainless steel, and has the characteristics of both austenite and ferrite stainless steel: the high-toughness super-plasticity steel has the characteristics of higher plasticity and toughness, no room-temperature brittleness, intergranular corrosion resistance, good welding performance, brittleness at 475 ℃, high heat conductivity coefficient and super-plasticity. Meanwhile, the strength is high, and the intergranular corrosion resistance and the chloride stress corrosion resistance are obviously improved. Mainly has excellent pitting corrosion resistance. Due to the excellent performance characteristics of the duplex stainless steel, the duplex stainless steel can be developed rapidly as a weldable structural material and a material for a chemical container.
Because of the metallurgical characteristics of duplex stainless steel, in order to ensure good performance ratio (30-70%) and good joint performance during welding, over-low or over-high welding line energy is generally avoided, and domestic common duplex stainless steel welding equipment basically adopts a welding method with small heat input, such as SMAW (manual shielded metal arc welding) and argon arc welding (GTAW). Because the welding heat input of the submerged arc welding is high, and the domestic duplex stainless steel submerged arc welding process and welding material combination is immature, the welding application is limited. Therefore, the welding process of welding the duplex stainless steel by adopting an efficient welding method of submerged arc welding is not adopted except for SMAW and GTAW which are welding methods with small heat input in China, and a combination of a submerged arc welding wire and a welding flux special for welding the duplex stainless steel is not adopted.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a submerged arc welding process for common duplex stainless steel.
A SAW welding process for double-phase stainless steel submerged arc welding is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) selecting welding materials; 2) preparing before welding; 3) pairing; 4) welding; 5) and (6) welding. Wherein,
in the step 1), W is selected from chemical components of welding wiresNi≥8.0％，WCr≥22.5％，WMo≥3.0％，WNNot less than 0.14% of welding wire; the alkalinity of the selected flux is 1.8-2.3. The strong alkaline flux with the alkalinity reaching 1.8-2.3 is adopted, on one hand, the generated slag has small oxidation potential, and the weld metal has low oxygen content and hydrogen content, and on the other hand, the slag is ensured to have good desulphurization, dephosphorization and alloy element transition capacity, thereby ensuring that the weld metal has the alloy element content and low impurity element content meeting the requirements of dual-phase steel, and being beneficial to ensuring that the phase proportion and the comprehensive performance of a joint are excellent (high strength and good impact toughness).
In the step 2), machining a groove of a workpiece to be welded by a mechanical method, and cleaning the groove and the surface around the groove; finally, drying the workpiece to be welded; wherein, when cleaning the groove and the surface around the groove, tools or materials made of carbon steel and low alloy steel can not be used. And 3) assembling the workpieces to be welded by adopting manual tungsten electrode argon arc welding (GTAW) spot welding. In the step 4), the welding level sequence of the duplex stainless steel is as follows: 4.1) backing welding is firstly carried out on the deeper side of the workpiece groove; 4.2) subsequently carrying out first filling bead welding; 4.3) after the workpiece is cooled, back gouging is carried out by adopting a carbon arc gouging, and then a carburized layer formed by the carbon arc gouging is removed by polishing until base metal and weld metal are exposed; 4.4) carrying out welding of a filling weld bead and a cover weld bead on the back of the weld joint by adopting submerged arc welding; 4.5) finally carrying out welding of a front filling welding bead and a cover welding bead. Controlling a welding process: and during welding, the welding heat input is controlled to be 1.4-2.5KJ/mm, and the welding interlayer temperature is controlled to be below 100 ℃.
In the invention, in the step 1), the specification of the welding wire is phi 4.0 mm; the specification of the welding flux is 8-40 meshes.
In the invention, in the step 2), an upper groove and a lower groove are arranged at the welding position of the workpiece to be welded, and the inclination of the upper groove and the lower groove is 27-33 degrees; the depth of the upper groove is 50-55% of the thickness of the welding part of the workpiece to be welded, the truncated edge between the upper groove and the lower groove is 4-5mm, and the depth of the lower groove is the margin of the workpiece to be welded minus the depth of the upper groove and the thickness of the truncated edge. The truncated edge is 4-5mm, welding penetration during submerged arc welding backing welding is prevented, the depth of an upper groove is 50-55% of the thickness of a workpiece, and welding is carried out after a proper method is adopted for back chipping during lower-groove welding, so that the welding deposition thickness of the upper groove and the lower groove is symmetrical, and welding deformation can be controlled.
In the invention, in the step 3), the distance between the welding positions of the two workpieces to be welded which are paired is 0-0.5mm of the thickness of the welding position of the workpieces to be welded.
In the invention, in the step 4), a) welding layers are divided into 6 layers: the position of the layer 1 is at the bottom of the deeper groove; the position of the layer 2 is in the middle of the deeper groove; the 3 rd layer position is the position where the distance between the welding positions of the two workpieces to be welded is minimum; the 4 th layer is at the bottom of the shallower groove; the 5 th layer is positioned at the upper part of the shallower groove; the 6 th layer is positioned at the upper part of the deeper groove; b) the welding heat input is: 1 layer: 1.40-1.75 KJ/mm; 2.3, 4 layers: 1.70-2.00 KJ/mm; 5. 6 layers: 1.92-2.50 KJ/mm; c) the welding speed of each layer is as follows: 400-500 mm/min.
In order to ensure that the phase proportion of the duplex stainless steel welding joint meets the requirement of 30-65%, the line energy must be strictly controlled during the duplex stainless steel welding, and the line energy cannot be too large or too small. In such submerged arc welding, it is necessary to select a certain range of line energy and perform low current rapid welding. As the energy of the welding line of submerged arc welding is higher, the energy of the welding line is mainly prevented from being too high, which causes the phase ratio to be inconsistent and the toughness of the joint to be reduced. When 1 layer is welded, because the backing needs to be prevented from burning through, lower welding line energy is selected; 2.3, 4 filling layers, which select the slightly higher linear energy than 1 layer, and improve the welding production efficiency while ensuring the quality of the welding joint; 5. 6 layers are cover layers, and because the width of the welding seam cover layer is large, the welding line energy needs to be properly increased, and the surface quality of the cover seam is ensured on the premise of ensuring the performance of a welding joint.
The invention can ensure that the ferrite content of the formed welding joint (including a welding seam and a heat affected zone) is between 30 and 65 percent, and the joint with good chemical property, corrosion resistance and chemical composition is formed, thereby completely meeting the requirements of corrosion resistance and mechanical property of the application of the duplex stainless steel.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the groove structure for general duplex stainless steel submerged arc welding according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a welding sequence diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
The method mainly comprises the following steps:
1) selection of welding materials: on the basis of selecting the welding wire, a welding wire and flux combination with a domestic duplex stainless steel welding wire H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209) is found; selecting a special H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209) welding wire with the chemical components WNi being more than or equal to 8.0 percent, WCr being more than or equal to 22.5 percent, WMo being more than or equal to 3.0 percent and WN being more than or equal to 0.14 percent and the specification of phi 4.0mm as a welding wire for common duplex stainless steel Submerged Arc Welding (SAW); selecting proper flux from the flux, and selecting SJ601 produced by Antai technology with the alkalinity of 1.8-2.3 and the specification of 8-40 meshes for stainless steel welding at home as dual-phase steel Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) flux;
2) groove preparation and preparation before welding: the groove is machined and formed mechanically, and the cleaning before welding and the preparation of welding materials are carried out by adopting a proper method. When welding preparation is carried out, the welding flux is dried for 1 hour at 300 ℃; processing one side to be welded of a workpiece to be welded into a groove form shown in the figure (as shown in figure 1), cleaning the groove surface of the workpiece to be welded and the surface of a base metal in the range of 25mm outside the groove by adopting a proper method (without using carbon steel or low alloy steel tools or materials), and removing oxide skin, surface impurities and dirt on the surface;
3) pairing: the workpieces are subjected to spot welding assembly by manual tungsten argon arc welding (GTAW), the purity of argon is 99.99% Ar, and spot welding is carried out from the back.
4) Welding: the welding equipment is a general MZ-1250 direct current submerged arc welding machine, the polarity of a welding power supply is direct current reversal welding, and workpieces are subjected to submerged arc welding by using specific H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209) and SJ601(8-40 meshes and the alkalinity is 1.8-2.3) with welding material specifications of phi 4.0 mm.
The welding layer sequence of the duplex stainless steel is that backing welding is carried out on one side of a deep groove of a workpiece, then welding parameters are adjusted according to the requirements of a welding process, and first filling weld pass welding is carried out; and after the workpiece is cooled, performing back gouging by adopting a carbon arc gouging machine, polishing by adopting a grinder to remove a carburized layer formed by the carbon arc gouging machine until base metal and weld metal are exposed, and performing welding of a filling weld bead and a cover weld bead on the back of the weld by adopting submerged arc welding. And finally, welding a front filling weld bead and a cover weld bead.
When in welding, the welding heat input is controlled to be (E is multiplied by I multiplied by 60)/1000V, wherein E-linear energy (KJ/mm), U-arc voltage (V), I-welding current (A) and V-welding speed (mm/min) are less than 1.4-2.5KJ/mm, the maximum temperature between welding layers is controlled below 100 ℃, and a clean stainless tool only used for stainless steel products is adopted to clean welding slag in a welding bead and carry out surface cleaning. After welding, a special stainless steel grinder or a new grinder is used for grinding the weld without defects. And brushing the surface of the stainless steel welding joint by using a special stainless steel brush or a new stainless steel brush to remove dirt.
The concrete description is as follows:
1) selection of welding materials
Common duplex stainless steel 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N (S31803), which is typically used in the prior art, has the compositional performance characteristics shown in tables 1 and 2 below;
TABLE 1 chemical composition of Duplex stainless Steel 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N (S31803)
The Ni, Cr, Mo and N contents of the welding materials used in the embodiment are all the upper limit parts of H023Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209), because the submerged arc welding heat input is large, the increase of the alloy element amount is beneficial to supplementing the burning loss, and meanwhile, enough Ni, Cr, Mo and N are transited into the welding seam to be beneficial to ensuring that the alloy element content of the welding seam meets the requirement, thereby ensuring that the joint performance meets the requirement.
The welding flux is sintered welding flux for stainless steel welding, which is produced by an Antai technology with the alkalinity of 1.7-2.3.
TABLE 2 mechanical Properties of Duplex stainless steels 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N (S31803)
According to the characteristics of the properties of the parent metal, after the duplex stainless steel is welded, the chemical components meet the requirements of the table 1, the mechanical properties meet the requirements of the table 2, the phase ratio of a welded joint (a welding seam and a heat affected zone) is in a range of 30-65%, the welded joint is subjected to a pitting corrosion test according to an ASTMA923C method, and the corrosion rate is not more than 10mdd (mg/(dm)2X days));
2) welding material
The flux selected in the embodiment is a special duplex stainless steel welding wire which is suitable for the characteristics of duplex stainless steel submerged arc welding and has the specification of phi 4.0mm, and the chemical components of the special duplex stainless steel welding wire are shown in Table 1. The flux is SJ601 flux with basicity above 1.7, which is commonly used for stainless steel welding and produced by Beijing Antai technology, and has the specification of 8-40 meshes.
Preheating is not needed in welding, welding heat input is strictly controlled to be 1.4-2.5KJ/mm in the welding process, the maximum welding interlayer temperature is not more than 100 ℃, and the form and the size of a welding groove are shown in the figure 1. The process can be set by adopting a general welding machine during welding, the general MZ-1250 welding machine is adopted in the embodiment, the welding power supply adopts direct current reverse connection, and the specific welding parameters are as follows in the following table 3:
TABLE 3 two-phase stainless steel submerged arc welding process parameters
After the front side welding is finished, grinding by using a grinding wheel and back chipping, and then welding by adopting submerged arc welding on the back side to finish welding;
3) post-weld inspection results
After the test plate welding is finished, sampling the test piece according to the relevant container standard and technical requirements to perform phase proportion, chemical composition, mechanical property test and point corrosion test, wherein the detection results are as follows:
TABLE 3 mechanical property test results of biphase stainless steel welding process test
TABLE 4 weld deposit metal chemistry
TABLE 5 weld and heat affected zone phase ratio test and pitting corrosion resistance test results
Note: two samples were taken according to ASTM A923C method for weld joint pitting corrosion test, mdd-mg/(dm2 day)
The test results show that the invention adopts a special domestic duplex stainless steel welding wire H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209) (wherein nickel, chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen elements conform to WNi being more than or equal to 8.0 percent, WCr being more than or equal to 22.5 percent, WMo being more than or equal to 3.0 percent and WN being more than or equal to 0.14 percent, and other elements are produced according to the standard requirements) to be matched with a domestic SJ601(8-40 meshes) welding flux with alkalinity being within the range of 1.8-2.3, the H03Cr22Ni8Mo3N (ER2209) -SJ601 duplex stainless steel submerged arc welding wire flux combination is formed, the submerged arc welding of the duplex stainless steel is carried out according to the welding process set in the specified welding wire energy range of 1.4-2.5KJ/mm, the chemical components of a welding joint, the performance completely meets the regulations of relevant standards and technical requirements, the production cost is saved, the history that the common duplex stainless steel 022Cr22Ni5Mo3N (S31803) does not complete the nationwide production submerged arc welding material is ended, and the method is an economic and efficient duplex stainless steel welding material combination.
The embodiments of the present invention are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. That is, all equivalent changes and modifications made according to the content of the claims of the present invention should be regarded as the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A SAW welding process for double-phase stainless steel submerged arc welding is characterized by comprising the following steps: 1) selecting welding materials; 2) preparing before welding; 3) pairing; 4) welding; 5) welding; it is characterized in that the preparation method is characterized in that,
in the step 1) described above, the step of,
among the chemical components of the selected welding wire, WNi≥8.0％，WCr≥22.5％，WMo≥3.0％，WNNot less than 0.14% of welding wire; selecting the alkalinity of the flux to be 1.8-2.3;
in the step 2) of the said step,
firstly, machining a groove of a workpiece to be welded by a mechanical method, and then cleaning the groove and the surface around the groove; finally, drying the workpiece to be welded; wherein, when cleaning the groove and the surface around the groove, tools or materials made of carbon steel and low alloy steel can not be used;
in the step 3), the step of the method comprises the following steps,
assembling workpieces to be welded by adopting manual tungsten electrode argon arc welding (GTAW) spot welding;
in the step 4), the step of processing the first and second images,
the welding layer sequence of the duplex stainless steel is as follows:
4.1) backing welding is firstly carried out on the deeper side of the workpiece groove;
4.2) subsequently carrying out first filling bead welding;
4.3) after the workpiece is cooled, back gouging is carried out by adopting a carbon arc gouging, and then a carburized layer formed by the carbon arc gouging is removed by polishing until base metal and weld metal are exposed;
4.4) carrying out welding of a filling weld bead and a cover weld bead on the back of the weld joint by adopting submerged arc welding;
4.5) finally carrying out welding of a front filling weld bead and a cover welding bead;
controlling a welding process:
and during welding, the welding heat input is controlled to be 1.4-2.5KJ/mm, and the welding interlayer temperature is controlled to be below 100 ℃.
2. A duplex stainless steel submerged arc welding SAW welding process according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step 1), the specification of the welding wire is Φ 4.0 mm; the specification of the welding flux is 8-40 meshes.
3. A duplex stainless steel Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) welding process according to claim 1, wherein in step 2), the welding position of the workpiece to be welded is provided with an upper groove and a lower groove, and the inclination of the upper groove and the lower groove is 27-33 degrees; the depth of the upper groove is 50-55% of the thickness of the welding part of the workpiece to be welded, the truncated edge between the upper groove and the lower groove is 4-5mm, and the depth of the lower groove is the margin of the workpiece to be welded minus the depth of the upper groove and the thickness of the truncated edge.
4. A duplex stainless steel Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) welding process according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 3), the distance between the welding spots of the two workpieces to be welded in pair is 0-0.5mm of the thickness of the welding spot of the workpieces to be welded.
5. A duplex stainless steel Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) welding process according to claim 1, characterized in that in said step 4),
a) the welding layer is divided into 6 layers:
the position of the layer 1 is at the bottom of the deeper groove;
the position of the layer 2 is in the middle of the deeper groove;
the 3 rd layer position is the position where the distance between the welding positions of the two workpieces to be welded is minimum;
the 4 th layer is at the bottom of the shallower groove;
the 5 th layer is positioned at the upper part of the shallower groove;
the 6 th layer is positioned at the upper part of the deeper groove;
b) the welding heat input is:
1 layer: 1.40-1.75 KJ/mm;
2.3, 4 layers: 1.70-2.00 KJ/mm;
5. 6 layers: 1.92-2.50 KJ/mm;
c) the welding speed of each layer is as follows: 400-500 mm/min.
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