CN101906289B - 用于油基聚合物浆液的冬季防冻剂及制备和使用它的方法 - Google Patents
用于油基聚合物浆液的冬季防冻剂及制备和使用它的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101906289B CN101906289B CN2010101983740A CN201010198374A CN101906289B CN 101906289 B CN101906289 B CN 101906289B CN 2010101983740 A CN2010101983740 A CN 2010101983740A CN 201010198374 A CN201010198374 A CN 201010198374A CN 101906289 B CN101906289 B CN 101906289B
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- anhydrosorbitol
- oil
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- winter
- acid
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Abstract
本发明提供用于油基聚合物浆液的冬季防冻剂及制备和使用它的方法。公开了新的一类冬季防冻组合物,其包括冬季防冻剂,所述冬季防冻剂是通式Z(R1)m的化合物,其中Z是具有5至30个之间的碳原子的多元醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
Description
技术领域
本发明的实施方案涉及用于油基聚合物浆液的冬季防冻剂及制备和使用它的方法。
本发明的实施方案涉及用于油基聚合物浆液的冬季防冻剂及制备和使用它的方法,其中所述冬季防冻剂包含多元醇的酯如糖醇的酯。
背景技术
历史上,不同的油作为聚合物浆液用的基础流体的使用已经被限于具有足够低的倾点的油,所述倾点低到足以在低温保持聚合物悬浮在浆液中。浆液通常还包括亲有机物质的粘土、极性活化剂和湿润剂。推荐的另一种途径是通过将多元醇如双丙甘醇甲基醚加到浆液中而增加流动性和降低油基的倾点。
尽管油基浆液是已知的并且被用于石油工业中,但是本领域中对于具有更低倾点温度的油基浆液存在需要。
发明中使用的定义
术语冬季防冻剂、添加剂或组合物,倾点降低剂、添加剂或组合物或类似术语是可互换的并且具有相同的含义。这些术语被用来描述在冬天或低温条件下,可以被加入到油基浆液中以降低其倾点温度、降低固体沉降的速率或提高浆液性质的化学组合物。
发明内容
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点温度抑制添加剂或试剂,其包括多元醇的单酯,多元醇的二酯,或其混合物或组合。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制剂,其包括一种或多种通式(Ⅰ)的化合物:
Z(R1)m (Ⅰ)
其中Z是具有5至30个之间的碳原子的多元醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制剂,其包括一种或多种通式(Ⅱ)的化合物:
Z’(R1)m (Ⅱ)
其中Z’是具有5至18个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制剂,其包括一种或多种通式(Ⅲ)的化合物:
Z”(R1)m (Ⅲ)
其中Z”是具有5至12个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点温度抑制添加剂或试剂,其包括:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含多元醇的单酯,多元醇的二酯,或其混合物或组合。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点温度抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含一种或多种通式(Ⅰ)的化合物:
Z(R1)m (Ⅰ)
其中Z是具有5至30个之间的碳原子的多元醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含一种或多种通式(Ⅱ)的化合物:
Z’(R1)m (Ⅱ)
其中Z’是具有5至18个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含一种或多种通式(Ⅲ)的化合物:
Z”(R1)m (Ⅲ)
其中Z”是具有5至12个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案提供冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合。
本发明的实施方案还提供用于制备和使用所述新型冬季防冻组合物的方法。
附图说明
通过参考下面的详细描述以及后附的示意性附图可以更好地理解本发明,在附图中,相同的要素的标记相同。
图1描绘使用不同基础油的冬季防冻液液的水合速率的曲线图。
图2描绘标准浆液对本发明的冬季防冻浆液的水合速率的曲线图。
图3描绘在200°F使用标准浆液对使用本发明的冬季防冻浆液的DynaFract HT 40的流变的曲线图。
图4描绘在250°F使用标准浆液对使用本发明的冬季防冻浆液的DynaFract HT 40的流变的曲线图。
具体实施方式
本发明人已经发现:一类多元醇酯是有效的添加剂,其将油基聚合物浆液体系的倾点温度降低20°F以上。添加剂的实施方案包含糖醇衍生物表面活性剂,其中添加剂的量在约500ppm至50,000ppm之间是有效的。添加剂的实施方案包括糖山梨糖醇衍生物表面活性剂,其中添加剂的量在约500ppm至50,000ppm之间是有效的。本发明人已经发现:现有技术中没有提及使用多元醇酯降低油基聚合物浆液的倾点,特别糖醇酯,尤其是山梨糖醇酯。
本发明的实施方案涉及冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂或试剂,其中添加剂或试剂或组合物包括多元醇的单酯、多元醇的二酯,或其混合物或组合。在一些实施方案中,所述组合物包含通式Ⅰ-Ⅲ的化合物中的一种或多种:
Z(R1)m (Ⅰ)
其中Z是具有5至30个之间的碳原子的多元醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替;
Z’(R1)m (Ⅱ)
其中Z’是具有5至18个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替;或
Z”(R1)m (Ⅲ)
其中Z”是具有5至12个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
本发明的实施方案涉及冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点温度抑制添加剂或试剂,其包括失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合。
本发明的实施方案涉及冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制添加剂,其中所述添加剂包含:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合。
本发明的实施方案还广泛地涉及冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括一种或多种本发明的添加剂组合物。
本发明的实施方案还广泛地涉及使用和制备冬季防冻的油基浆液的方法,所述冬季防冻的油基浆液包括一种或多种本发明的添加剂组合物。
本发明的实施方案还广泛地涉及冬季防冻的油基浆液,其包括一种或多种本发明的添加剂组合物以及包括其它添加剂,所述的其它添加剂包括但不限于:结垢抑制剂,腐蚀抑制剂,氧控制试剂,防止结蜡试剂,二氧化碳中和剂,硫清涂剂或在井下操作中通常使用的其它添加剂。
本发明的实施方案还广泛地涉及使用和制备冬季防冻的油基浆液的方法,所述冬季防冻的油基浆液包括一种或多种本发明的添加剂组合物以及包括其它添加剂,所述的其它添加剂包括但不限于:结垢抑制剂,腐蚀抑制剂,氧控制试剂,防止结蜡试剂,二氧化碳中和剂,硫清涂剂或在井下操作中通常使用的其它添加剂。
使用冬季防冻的组合物的方法
压裂
本发明提供一种用于压裂地层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将包括支撑剂的压裂液在足以压裂地层和提高开采率的压力下泵送入开采层中,其中在压裂后,所述支撑剂使所述的地层维持开放,并且其中所述支撑剂包括用本发明的冬季防冻的组合物处理过的微粒固体。
本发明提供一种用于压裂地层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将包括支撑剂和本发明的冬季防冻的组合物的压裂液在足以压裂地层和提高开采率的压力下泵送入开采层中。
本发明提供一种用于压裂地层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将包括本发明的冬季防冻的组合物的压裂液在足以压裂地层和提高开采率的压力下泵送入开采层中。
钻井
本发明提供一种用于钻井的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:在钻井的同时,使钻井液循环,以提供提供钻头润滑,热除去和岩屑清除,其中所述钻井液包括本发明的冬季防冻的组合物。所述方法可以在过压条件或欠平衡的条件或在管制的压力条件下操作。所述方法特别良好地定制用于欠平衡的条件或在管制的压力条件。
开采
本发明提供一种用于开采的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:将流体循环和/或泵送入开采的井中,其中所述流体包括本发明的冬季防冻的组合物。
适宜的试剂
适宜的基础油包括但不限于:石蜡油,环烷油,脂族溶剂和/或油,芳族油,或其混合物和组合。示例性的基础油包括:获自Indianapolis,IN.的Calumet Specialty Products Partners,L.P.的38LP,38和C-145,获自Morgantown,PA.的Renkert Oil的30和获自Shrieve Chemical Products,Inc.,The Woodlands,TX.的360。
适宜的冬季防冻添加剂或试剂或倾点抑制剂包括但不限于:多元醇的单酯,多元醇的二酯,或多元醇的单酯和二酯的混合物。
添加剂的实施方案具有通式(Ⅰ):
Z(R1)m (Ⅰ)
其中Z是具有5至30个之间的碳原子的多元醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
添加剂的实施方案具有通式(Ⅱ):
Z’(R1)m (Ⅱ)
其中Z’是具有5至18个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
添加剂的实施方案具有通式(Ⅲ):
Z”(R1)m (Ⅲ)
其中Z”是具有5至12个之间的碳原子的糖醇,R1是具有约10至约40个之间的碳原子的二价碳基,并且其中m是具有1或2的值的整数,当m为2时,R1可以相同或不同并且R1的一个或多个碳原子可以被B、N、O、Si、P、S、Ge和/或它们的混合物代替,且R1中的一个或多个氢原子可以被F、Cl、Br、I、CONR2 2、COOR2、OR2、NR2 2、SR2、PR2 2和/或它们的混合物代替,并且其中R2可以是氢原子、烷基、芳基、烷基芳基或芳基烷基,其具有1-20个之间的碳原子,其中一个或多个碳或氢原子可以如对于R1所述被代替。
适宜的多元醇包括但不限于:季戊四醇,四碳糖醇如赤藓醇,苏糖醇(threitol),或其混合物或组合;五碳糖醇如阿糖醇,木糖醇,核糖醇,或其混合物或组合,甘露糖醇,山梨糖醇,半乳糖醇,艾杜糖醇,或其混合物或组合,和六碳糖醇二聚体如异麦芽醇(isomalt),麦芽糖醇,乳糖醇,聚多羟糖醇(polyglycitol),或其混合物或组合。此外,多元醇全部都可以以混合物或组合的形式使用,以形成本发明的单和二酯。
示例性的二价碳基包括约10至40个之间的碳原子的不饱和的,多不饱和的,饱和的长链羧酸或其混合物或组合。其它实施方案利用不饱和的,多不饱和的,饱和脂肪酸或其混合物和组合。示例性的脂肪酸包括但不限于:肉豆蔻脑酸,棕榈油酸,油酸,亚油酸,α-亚麻酸,花生四烯酸,二十碳五烯酸,芥酸,二十碳六烯酸(eocosahexaenoic acid),硬脂酸,或其混合物或组合。
示例性的酯包括但不限于:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合。
防垢
用于防垢并且可以用于本发明的组合物中的适宜添加剂包括但不限于:螯合剂,如EDTA的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;NTA的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;抗坏血酸的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;巯基乙酸(TGA)的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;羟基乙酸的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;柠檬酸的Na、K或NH+ 4盐;酒石酸的Na、K或NH+ 4盐,或其它类似的盐,或其混合物或组合。影响阈效应的适宜添加剂,螯合剂包括但不限于:磷酸盐如六甲基磷酸钠,直链磷酸盐,多磷酸的盐,膦酸酯,如非离子的膦酸酯如HEDP(羟基亚乙基二磷酸(hydroxythylidenediphosphoric acid)),PBTC(二氧膦基异丁烷(phosphoisobutane),三羧酸),下列物质的氨基膦酸盐:MEA(单乙醇胺),NH3,EDA(乙二胺),双羟基乙二胺,二氨基乙基醚,DETA(二亚乙基三胺),HMDA(1,6-己二胺),HMDA的超级(Hyper)同类物和异构体,EDA和DETA的多胺,二甘醇胺和同类物,或类似的多胺,或其混合物或组合;磷酸酯,如下列物质的多磷酸酯或五氧化二磷(P2O5)酯:烷醇胺如MEA,DEA,三乙醇胺(TEA),双羟基乙基乙二胺;乙氧基化醇,甘油,二元醇类如EG(乙二醇),丙二醇,丁二醇,己二醇,三羟甲基丙烷,季戊四醇,新戊二醇等;三或四羟基胺;乙氧基化烷基酚(由于毒性问题使用受到限制),乙氧基化胺如单胺如MDEA和2至24个碳原子的更高级的胺,2至24个碳原子的二胺等;聚合物,如天冬氨酸的均聚物,丙烯酸的可溶性均聚物,丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的共聚物,丙烯酸酯的三元聚合物,AMPS等,水解的聚丙烯酰胺,聚苹果酸酐(PMA);等;或其混合物或组合。
腐蚀抑制剂
用于腐蚀抑制并且用于本发明的组合物中的适宜添加剂包括但不限于:季铵盐,如氯化物,溴化物,碘化物,二甲基硫酸盐,二乙基硫酸盐,亚硝酸盐,氢氧化物,烷醇盐等,或其混合物或组合;氮碱的盐;或其混合物或组合。示例性季铵盐包括但不限于:来自胺和季胺化试剂的季铵盐,如烷基氯化物,烷基溴化物,烷基碘化物,烷基硫酸盐如二甲基硫酸盐,二乙基硫酸盐等,二卤代烷烃如二氯乙烷,二氯丙烷,二氯乙基醚,醇的表氯醇加合物,乙氧基化物,等,或其混合物和组合,和胺试剂如烷基吡啶,特别是高度烷基化的烷基吡啶,烷基喹啉,C6至C24合成的叔胺,衍生自天然产物如椰子等的胺,二烷基取代的甲基胺,衍生自脂肪酸或油与多胺反应的胺,DETA和脂肪酸的酰胺基咪唑啉,乙二胺的咪唑啉,二胺基环己烷的咪唑啉,氨基乙基乙二胺的咪唑啉,丙二胺和烷基化丙烯二胺的嘧啶,足以将胺中的全部不稳定氢原子转化成含氧基团的烷氧基化单和多胺等,或其混合物或组合。氮碱盐的示例性实例包括但不限于:衍生自如下物质的氮碱盐:盐例如:C1至C8一元羧酸如甲酸,乙酸,丙酸,丁酸,戊酸,己酸,庚酸,辛酸,2-乙基己酸等;C2至C12二元羧酸,C2至C12不饱和羧酸和酐,等;多元酸如二甘醇酸,天冬氨酸,柠檬酸等;羟基酸如乳酸,衣康酸等;芳基和羟基芳基酸;天然或合成的氨基酸;巯基酸如巯基乙酸(TGA);二元醇,乙氧基化物,乙氧基化胺等的磷酸衍生物的游离酸形式,和氨基磺酸;或其混合物或组合,和胺如:高分子量脂肪酸胺如可可胺(cocoamine),牛油胺等;烷氧基化脂肪酸胺;高分子量脂肪酸多胺(二、三、四或更高);烷氧基化脂肪酸多胺;氨基酰胺如羧酸与多胺的反应产物,其中羧酸的当量小于活性胺的当量,及其烷氧基化衍生物;脂肪酸嘧啶;下列的单咪唑啉:EDA,DETA或更高级的乙二胺类,1,6-己二胺(HMDA),1,4-丁二胺(TMDA)及其更高级的类似物;单和多元有机酸的双咪唑啉,咪唑啉;衍生物单乙醇胺和脂肪酸或油的噁唑啉,脂肪酸醚胺,氨基乙基哌嗪的单和二酰胺;粗松浆油或蒸馏的松浆油与二亚乙基三胺的反应产物的GAA和TGA盐;二聚体酸与多胺如TMDA,HMDA和1,2-二氨基环己烷的混合物的反应产物的GAA和TGA盐;衍生自DETA的咪唑啉与松浆油脂肪酸或大豆油,低芥酸茶子油等的TGA盐;或其混合物或组合。
二氧化碳中和
用于CO2中和并且用于本发明的组合物中的适宜添加剂包括但不限于:MEA,DEA,异丙胺,环己胺,吗啉,二胺,二甲基氨基丙胺(DMAPA),乙二胺,甲氧基多胺(MOPA),二甲基乙醇胺,甲基二乙醇胺(MDEA)及低聚物,EDA的咪唑啉和同类物和更高级的加合物,氨基乙基乙醇胺(AEEA)的咪唑啉,氨基乙基哌嗪,氨基乙基乙醇胺,二异丙醇胺,DOWAMP-90TM,Angus AMP-95,(甲基、乙基、异丙基的)二烷基胺,(甲基、乙基、异丙基的)单烷基胺,(甲基、乙基、异丙基的)三烷基胺,二羟基乙基乙二胺(THEED)等,或其混合物或组合。
防止结蜡
用于石蜡除去、分散和/或石蜡晶体分布的适宜添加剂包括但不限于:获自陶氏化学公司的纤维素;乙酸纤维素;酮;乙酸盐和酯和甲酸盐和酯;由乙氧基化或丙氧基化醇、烷基酚和/或胺构成的表面活性剂;甲基酯如椰油酸酯(coconate),月桂酸酯,豆油脂肪酸酯或其它天然的脂肪酸甲酯;磺化的甲基酯如磺化椰油酸酯(coconate),磺化月桂酸酯,磺化豆油脂肪酸酯或其它磺化的天然的脂肪酸甲酯;低分子量的椰子油豆油的季铵氯化物或C10至C24胺单卤化烷基和芳基氯化物;由二取代的(如二可可等)的和低分子量的卤化烷基和/或芳基氯化物构成的季铵盐;二烷基(甲基,乙基,丙基,混合的等)叔胺和二卤代乙烷、丙烷等或二卤代醚如二氯乙基醚(DCEE)等的偕(gemini)季盐;烷基胺或酰胺基丙基胺如可可酰胺基丙基二甲基的偕季盐,DCEE的双季铵盐;或其混合物或组合。在表面活性剂的制备中使用的适宜的醇包括但不限于:直链或支链醇,特别是与环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷或更高级的环氧烷反应的醇的混合物,其中所得到的表面活性剂具有一定范围的HLB。在表面活性剂的制备中使用的适宜的烷基酚包括但不限于:壬基苯酚,癸基苯酚,十二烷基苯酚或其它烷基酚,其中烷基具有在约4至约30个之间的碳原子。在表面活性剂的制备中使用的适宜的胺包括但不限于:乙二胺(EDA),二亚乙基三胺(DETA),或其它多胺。示例性的实例包括:获自BASF的Quadrols,Tetrols,Pentrols。适宜的烷醇胺包括但不限于:单乙醇胺(MEA),二乙醇胺(DEA),MBA和/或DEA与椰子油和酸的反应产物。
氧控制
将水引入井下由于在引入的水中溶解的氧而经常伴随着在井下流体中氧含量的增加。因此,引入井下的材料必须在氧环境中工作或必须充分良好地工作,直到氧含量通过自然反应消耗尽。对于不能忍受氧的体系,则在引入井下的任何物质中必须除去或控制氧。在冬天期间,在注射的材料包括冬季防冻剂如水、醇、二元醇、溶纤剂、甲酸酯、乙酸酯等时并且由于在非常冷的水中氧溶解度更高达约14-15ppm的范围内,该问题恶化。氧还可能增加腐蚀和结垢。在使用稀溶液的CCT(毛细管挠性管)应用中,注射的溶液导致将氧化环境(O2)注射到还原环境(CO2,H2S,有机酸等)中。
用于控制氧含量的方案包括:(1)流体在井下注射之前脱气,(2)加入正常的硫化物以产生硫氧化物,但是这样的硫氧化物可能促进酸对金属表面的攻击,(3)在井下注射之前的流体中加入的异抗坏血酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、二乙基羟基胺或其它氧反应性化合物的加入;和(4)腐蚀抑制剂或金属钝化剂如二元醇酯的钾盐(碱金属)盐、多元醇乙氧基化物(ethyloxylates)或其它类似的腐蚀抑制剂的加入。示例性实例的氧和腐蚀抑制剂包括下列的混合物:1,4-丁二胺,1,6-己二胺,1,2-二胺环己烷,胺头馏分(amine heads)或这样的胺与部分摩尔当量的醛的反应产物。其它氧控制剂包括多胺的水杨酸酰胺和苯甲酸酰胺,特别是在碱性条件下使用的它们,短链炔属二醇或类似化合物,磷酸酯,硼酸酯甘油,二噁唑烷(bisoxalidines)的脲和硫脲盐,或其它或吸收氧、与氧反应或以其它方式减少或消除氧的化合物。
硫清涂剂
本发明的冬季防冻的组合物还可以包括硫清除剂,条件是它们与组合物相容。这样的硫清除剂包括获自Weatherford International,BJ Services,Baker Hughes,Halliburton、其它的服务提供商和硫清除剂提供商的那些。示例性的实例包括在下列中公开的那些:美国专利公布或申请2007-0032693;7,140,433;2005-0137114;7517447;12/419418;2005-0250666;7,268,100;2008-0039345;2006-0194700;2007-0173414;2007-0129257;7,392,847;2008-0257553;7,350,579;12/075461;2007-0173413;2008-0099207;2008-0318812;2008-0287325;2008-0257556;2008-0314124;2008-0269082;2008-0197085;2008-0257554;12/416984;2008-0251252;11/956433;12/029335;12/237130;12/167087;12/176872;2009-0067931;2008-0283242;12/240987;12/271580;12/364,154;12/357556;12/464351;或12/465437。
本发明的实验部分
申请人使用不同的油和冬季防冻剂试验了瓜尔树胶(guar)基础浆液体系的配方如获自Clearwater International,LLC,(在Elmendorf,Texas的一家Weatherford公司)的WGA-15L。
制备浆液的方法
全部试验室浆液都是在塑料烧杯中使用Caframo BDC3030标准混合器混合的。
通用的浆液制备包括以下步骤:(1)将基础油加入到烧杯中,(2)在混合的情况下将亲有机物质的粘土加入到基础油中,(3)在混合的情况下将分散剂加入到浆液中,并且将得到的浆液混合约10分钟,(4)在混合的情况下将聚合物加入到浆液中,并且将得到的浆液混合约10分钟,和(5)在混合的情况下将表面活性剂加入到浆液中,并且将得到的浆液混合约30分钟。混合时间通常决取于混合速率,并且可以调节混合时间和速率以实现需要的结果。通常,混合时间为约5分钟至约4小时之间。实施方案采用约10分钟至约2小时之间的混合时间。其它实施方案采用约10分钟至约1小时之间的混合时间。其它实施方案采用约10分钟至约30分钟之间的混合时间。
具有不同冬季防冻剂的配方
为了测定不同冬季防冻剂对于浆液性质的效果,制备和试验不同的浆液配方。基础油是获自Indianapolis,IN.的Calumet Specialty ProductsPartners,L.P.的Hydrocal 38。
用于冬季防冻剂试验的基础配方列于表Ⅰ中。
表Ⅰ
Hydrocal 38基础配方
浆液配方的最终聚合物浓度为4英磅/加仑。
将冬季防冻剂(Arlacel 83,一种失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯,包含油酸和山梨糖醇己糖醇酐的单-和二酯的混合物)以5000ppm(0.5体积%)的浓度加入到基础油中。表Ⅱ表明:在当量浓度下,对于降低浆液的倾点温度而言,冬季防冻剂Arlacel 83是最有效的冬季防冻剂。
表Ⅱ
Hydrocal 38浆液的沉降和倾点试验
SG | 24小时沉降(72°F) | 24小时沉降(105°F) | 冬季防冻剂(ppm) | 倾点(℃) | 倾点(°F) |
1.093 | 0% | 3% | 无 | -15 | 5 |
1.095 | 0% | 3% | Tween 81(5000) | -21 | -6 |
1.090 | --- | --- | DMP(5000) | >-16 | >3.2 |
1.092 | --- | --- | G-108(5000) | >-16 | >3.2 |
1.093 | --- | --- | Arlacel 83(5000) | -23 | -9 |
为了测定冬季防冻剂或倾点温度降低剂在用BioBase 360作为基础油配制的浆液中的有效性,使用在表Ⅲ中列出的基础配方共混并且试验不同的浆液配方。
表Ⅲ
基础配方
组分 | 商品名 | 量 |
基础油 | BioBase 360 | 50.65重量% |
粘土 | Bentone 150 | 0.98重量% |
分散剂 | EGMBE | 0.32重量% |
聚合物 | WGA-15 | 47.38重量% |
表面活性剂 | Tomadol 600 | 0.67重量% |
浆液配方的最终聚合物浓度为4英磅/加仑。
表Ⅳ
包括冬季防冻剂的浆液的倾点测量
浆液SG | 24小时沉降(72°F) | 24小时沉降(105°F) | 冬季防冻剂(ppm) | 倾点(℃) | 倾点(°F) |
1.01 | 5% | 4% | 无 | >-5 | >23 |
1.01 | 6% | 5% | Arlacel 83(5000) | >-10 | >14 |
1.01 | 6% | 9% | Arlacel 83(10000) | >-10 | >14 |
1.01 | 4% | --- | Arlacel 83(20000) | >-10 | >14 |
1.01 | --- | --- | DMP(5000) | >-5 | >23 |
1.01 | --- | --- | DMP(10000) | >-5 | >23 |
具有不同油的配方
于是申请人使用表Ⅴ中的浆液配方制备了使用不同基础油的浆液配方。
表Ⅴ
在后续研究中使用的配方组成
组分 | 商品名 | 量 |
基础油 | 可变的 | 可变的 |
聚合物 | WGA-15 | 4英磅/加仑 |
粘土 | Bentone 150/Claytone HY | 1.50重量% |
分散剂 | EGMBE | 0.31重量% |
表面活性剂 | Tomadol 600 | 0.66重量% |
表Ⅵ显示的是在表Ⅴ的浆液配方中使用的油的通用规格。
表Ⅵ
通用基础油规格
a在实验室中测量的。
将Calprint 38LP和Hydrocal 38的规格用作参考。
表Ⅶ显示的是在加入或不加入冬季防冻剂Arlacel 83的情况下,配制成不同的浆液的基础油的效果。冬季防冻的基础油含有10,000ppm的Arlacel 83并且由“(W)”表示。清楚的是,可以观察到使用Conosol C-145制备的浆液显示出更低的倾点温度,这可能主要是由于基础油的更低粘度。当使用Claytone HY作为亲有机物质的粘土并且使用10,000ppm的Arlacel 83使该油冬季防冻时,此效果更明显。已经很好地报告了:具有更低粘度和类似倾点温度的油将使浆液具有更低的粘度,这在降低悬浮液的倾点温度方面是一个关键的参数。
表Ⅶ
基础油对不同浆液的效果
基础油 | SG | 粘土 | 24hra(72°F) | 24hra(105°F) | PPb(℃) | PPb(°F) |
Bio-Base 360 | --- | Claytone HY | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Bio-Base 360(W) | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Bio-Base 360 | 1.01 | Bentone 150 | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Bio-Base 360(W) | <1% | 1% | >-5 | >23 | ||
Conosol C-145 | 1.035 | Claytone HY | 1% | 9% | >-16 | >3.2 |
Conosol C-145(W) | 1% | 1% | >-35 | >-31 | ||
Conosol C-145 | 1.035 | Bentone 150 | <1% | 1% | >-16 | >3.2 |
Conosol C-145(W) | 1% | 1% | >-22 | >-8 | ||
Renoil 30 | 1.02 | Claytone HY | 1% | 6% | >-10 | >14 |
Renoil 30(W) | <1% | <1% | >-17 | >1.4 | ||
Renoil 30 | 1.02 | Bentone 150 | <1% | 1% | >-10 | >14 |
Renoil 30(W) | <1% | <1% | >-17 | >1.4 | ||
Hydrocal 38 | --- | Claytone HY | --- | --- | --- | --- |
Hydrocal 38(W) | --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
Hydrocal 38 | 1.095 | Bentone 150 | >-12 | >10 | ||
Hydrocal 38(W) | >-20 | >-4 |
a静态或沉降试验
b倾点
图1显示的是不同浆液以40英磅/百万加仑在2%KCl盐水中的水合曲线。基本上,在水合30分钟之后,在最终粘度中没有观察到大的差别。在6分48秒内,线性凝胶(lineal gel)体系得到最终粘度的80%。
本发明的浆液的水合和性能试验
在4.0英磅的WGA-15/加仑的情况下,表示为F1A的本发明的浆液的配方的一个实施方案用Conosol C-145配制,而不加入冬季防冻剂,其倾点>3°F。F1A配方具有下面的组成:
组分 | 量 |
Conosol C-145 | 51.11重量% |
Bentone 150 | 1.49重量% |
EGMBE | 0.31重量% |
Tomadol 600 | 0.66重量% |
瓜尔树胶 | 46.43重量% |
在4.0英磅的WGA-15/加仑的情况下,表示为F1(W)的本发明的浆液的配方的另一个实施方案用Conosol C-145配制,加入有冬季防冻剂,其倾点≥-16°F。F1(W)配方具有下面的组成:
组分 | 量 |
Conosol C-145 | 51.11重量% |
冬季防冻剂 | 10,000ppm |
Bentone 150 | 1.49重量% |
EGMBE | 0.31重量% |
Tomadol 600 | 0.66重量% |
瓜尔树胶 | 46.43重量% |
在4.2英磅的WGA-15/加仑的情况下,表示为F2B的本发明的浆液的配方的另一个实施方案用Conosol C-145配制,没有加入冬季防冻剂,其倾点>3°F。F2B配方具有下面的组成:
组分 | 量 |
Conosol C-145 | 48.88重量% |
Bentone 150 | 1.50重量% |
EGMBE | 0.31重量% |
Tomadol 600 | 0.68重量% |
瓜尔树胶 | 48.63重量% |
在4.2英磅的WGA-15/加仑的情况下,表示为F2(W)的本发明的浆液的配方的另一个实施方案用Conosol C-145配制,加入有冬季防冻剂,其倾点温度≥16°F。F2(W)配方具有下面的组成:
Conosol C-145 | 48.88重量% |
冬季防冻剂 | 10,000ppm |
Bentone 150 | 1.50重量% |
EGMBE | 0.31重量% |
Tomadol 600 | 0.68重量% |
瓜尔树胶 | 48.63重量% |
图2显示的是在不同的瓜尔树胶浓度(4.0和4.2英磅/加仑的WGA-15),与使用Conosol C-145(W)共混的浆液的水合曲线相比,商购的WGA-15L(批号0808271)(获自Clearwater International LLC,Elmendorf,TX)的水合曲线。可以观察到,具有4.2英磅/加仑的WGA-15的配方得到与商业批次更接近的粘度。
商业WGA-15与用Conosol C-145制备的浆液的性能试验
图3和4显示的是用Conosol C-145配制的冬季防冻的和没有冬季防冻的浆液这两者的性能试验。在30#凝胶体系的情况下,在流态分布200°F之间没有观察到大的差别。在评价40#体系250°F的情况下,当使用冬季防冻版的浆液时,流态分布稍微更高。
实施例A
此实施例举例说明了本发明包括2%的粘土的浆液的配方,表示为实施例A。
将油(Conosol 145)以中等剪切轧制(rolled)。向轧制的油中,慢慢地加入冬季防冻剂(Arlacel 83),并且将得到的混合物混合10分钟。向此混合物中,加入粘土(Benton 150),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,快速地加入预混的表面活性剂(Suspend Aid 130),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,加入瓜尔树胶,并且将共混的剪切速率逐渐增大。当全部瓜尔树胶加入时,将浆液在高剪切共混30分钟。
实施例A配方具有下列组成:
组分 | 重量% | 商品名 |
基础油(g) | 47.91 | Conosol 145 |
冬季防冻剂 | 0.48 | Arlacel 83 |
粘土 | 2.00 | Bentone 150 |
预混的表面活性剂* | 0.98 | Suspend Aid 130 |
聚合物 | 48.63 | WGA-15 |
合计 | 100 |
此实施例举例说明了本发明包括2%的粘土的浆液的配方,表示为实施例B。
将油(Conosol 145)以中等剪切轧制(rolled)。向轧制的油中,慢慢地加入冬季防冻剂(Arlacel 83),并且将得到的混合物混合10分钟。向此混合物中,加入粘土(Benton 150),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,快速地加入预混的表面活性剂(Suspend Aid 130),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,加入瓜尔树胶,并且将共混的剪切速率逐渐增大。当全部瓜尔树胶加入时,将浆液在高剪切共混30分钟。
实施例B配方具有下列组成:
组分 | 重量% | 商品名 |
基础油(g) | 47.66 | Conosol 145 |
冬季防冻剂 | 0.48 | Arlacel 83 |
粘土 | 2.25 | Bentone 150 |
预混的表面活性剂* | 0.98 | Suspend Aid 130 |
聚合物 | 48.63 | WGA-15 |
合计 | 100 |
此实施例举例说明了本发明包括2%的粘土的浆液的配方,表示为实施例C。
将油(Conosol 145)以中等剪切轧制(rolled)。向轧制的油中,慢慢地加入冬季防冻剂(Arlacel 83),并且将得到的混合物混合10分钟。向此混合物中,加入粘土(Benton 150),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,快速地加入预混的表面活性剂(Suspend Aid 130),并且将得到的混合物共混15分钟。向此混合物中,加入瓜尔树胶,并且将共混的剪切速率逐渐增大。当全部瓜尔树胶加入时,将浆液在高剪切共混30分钟。
实施例C配方具有下列组成:
表Ⅷ对浆液配方进行了列表。表Ⅸ对72°F静态沉降试验结果进行了列表。表X对72°F搅拌的沉降试验结果进行了列表。表Ⅺ对105°F静态沉降试验结果进行了列表。
表Ⅷ
浆液配方A-C和开采浆液的性质
表Ⅸ
对于浆液配方A-C和开采浆液的72°F静态沉降试验结果
表Ⅹ
对于浆液配方A-C和开采浆液的72°F搅拌的沉降试验结果
表Ⅺ
对于浆液配方A-C和开采浆液的105°F静态沉降试验结果
本文中引用的所有参考文献都通过引用而结合。尽管本发明已经参考其实施方案进行了公开,但是本领域的技术人员从阅读此说明书可以认识到可以进行的改变和变化,这没有离开本发明如上所述和后面所要求保护的范围和精神。
Claims (4)
1.一种用于压裂地下地层的组合物,所述的地下地层含有天然气和/或原油并且由井眼穿透,所述压裂液组合物包含:
油基浆液,所述油基浆液包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻组合物,所述的冬季防冻组合物包含多元醇单酯和/或多元醇二酯中的一种或多种,其中所述的多元醇单酯或多元醇二酯是选自由下列化合物组成的组中的化合物:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合;以及
支撑剂。
2.一种用于压裂地层的方法,所述方法包括:
将压裂液在足以压裂地层和提高开采率的压力下泵送入开采层中,所述的压裂液包括:
支撑剂,和
油基浆液,所述油基浆液包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻组合物,所述的冬季防冻组合物包含多元醇单酯和/或多元醇二酯中的一种或多种,其中所述的多元醇单酯或多元醇二酯是选自由下列化合物组成的组中的化合物:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合,
其中在压裂后,所述支撑剂使所述的地层维持开放。
3.一种用于压裂地层的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
将压裂液在足以压裂地层和提高生产率的压力下泵送入开采层中,所述的压裂液包括:油基浆液,所述油基浆液包括基础油,亲有机物质的粘土,极性活化剂,湿润剂和冬季防冻组合物,所述的冬季防冻组合物包含多元醇单酯和/或多元醇二酯中的一种或多种,其中所述的多元醇单酯或多元醇二酯是选自由下列化合物组成的组中的化合物:失水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半硬脂酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半亚油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半肉豆蔻脑酸酯、失水山梨糖醇单棕榈油酸酯、失水山梨糖醇倍半棕榈油酸酯,或其混合物和组合;和
将包括支撑剂的支撑剂流体在对于所述支撑剂在压裂后的地层中维持裂缝开放足够的压力下泵送入压裂后的地层中。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组合物或根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,其中所述冬季防冻组合物是失水山梨糖醇倍半油酸酯。
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Also Published As
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EP2258803A2 (en) | 2010-12-08 |
US20100311620A1 (en) | 2010-12-09 |
RU2010122987A (ru) | 2011-12-10 |
EP2258803A3 (en) | 2011-01-12 |
RU2445335C2 (ru) | 2012-03-20 |
EP2258803B1 (en) | 2017-03-01 |
US20170137698A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
EP2687574B1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
CN103603645A (zh) | 2014-02-26 |
PL2687574T3 (pl) | 2015-12-31 |
CN101906289A (zh) | 2010-12-08 |
EP2687574A1 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
CA2706209A1 (en) | 2010-12-05 |
CA2706209C (en) | 2013-09-03 |
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