CN101904111A - 对多个天线的自适应频率分配方法 - Google Patents
对多个天线的自适应频率分配方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
为了提高数据分组发送和接收的质量,使用若干天线的发送方法包括:将第一数据分组编码成第一编码块;将第一发送频率映射(84)到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;将第二发送频率映射(89、84)到包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合,第一发送频率与第二发送频率不同;在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第一编码块。接收方法包括将不同频率映射至接收天线。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及无线数字通信领域。更具体地,本发明涉及一种高效方式,在使用若干天线进行发送和/或使用若干天线进行接收的系统中(例如,在MIMO(或“多输入多输出”)系统中)发送要通过噪声信道发送的信号,或接收该信号。
背景技术
对于无线通信,由于应用处理越来越多的数据,因此需要增加数据吞吐量。信道绑定(即,同时使用一个以上信道频率)是扩展无线解决方案的数据速率的公知技术。近来,利用MIMO技术的空间维度使用已经出现:容量增进达到了与信道扩展相同的量级,即,在TX和RX侧天线数目的加倍也使得比特率加倍。MIMO相关技术使得能够显著增加无线传输的吞吐量和/或可靠性,而同时使发送功率和分配的频谱带宽保持恒定。该特征使这些技术对于采用许多配置的无线系统(例如,对于点到点通信、点到多点通信、或者广播系统)尤其有吸引力。
此外,新无线解决方案(例如,WiFi)可以集成DFS(动态频率选择)机制,意味着能够动态地从一个信道移动至另一个信道,所有天线同时从一个频率移动至另一个频率。确实,该技术的缺点在于,不适合于不同类型的情况。
发明内容
本发明的目的是,消除现有技术的这些缺点。
更具体地,本发明的目的是,通过实现数据分组的良好发送或接收来优化MIMO系统中的通信。
本发明涉及一种通过适于发送信号的若干发送天线来发送一个或多个数据分组的方法。为了改善发送质量,所述方法包括:
-将第一数据分组编码成第一编码块,以及将第二数据分组编码成第二编码块;
-将第一发送信道频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;
-将第二发送信道频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合,第一发送信道频率与第二发送信道频率不同;
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第一编码块;
-如果第一发送信道频率处的接收质量小于阈值,
-将与第一频率不同的第二发送频率或第三发送频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;以及
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第二编码块。
然后,有利地,数据分组(例如,包括目的地地址的帧)的发送是在若干天线上编码之后的发送,天线上的频率映射使得使用至少两个不同的频率。然后,对于所有频率接收的质量不相同(例如,由于噪声、干扰、衰退、多普勒效应、…),改善接收机的发送分组接收质量。
根据变型,该方法包括:
-测试第一发送频率的信号接收质量;以及
根据特定特征,该方法包括:
-测试第二发送频率的信号接收质量;以及
-如果接收质量大于阈值,则该方法包括:
-将与第二信道频率不同的第一发送信道频率或第三发送信道频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合的至少一部分;以及
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第二编码块。
根据特定特征,该方法包括:根据噪声等级来映射天线,每个噪声等级与每个频率相关联。
在特定实施例中,在发射机处测量噪声等级;
在有利实施例中,该方法包括:
-至少根据给定频率下的接收质量等级,来映射天线;以及
-至少对接收质量等级信息进行接收,接收质量等级信息由接收机发送。
在这些实施例的一些变型中,接收质量等级信息由用作第一编码块的目的地的接收机发送。
有利地,以第一功率级别在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合上进行第一编码块的发送,以及以第二功率级别在包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上进行第一编码块的发送,第一功率级别低于第二功率级别。
根据特定特征,将第一数据分组编码成第一编码块是空时或空频块编码。
本发明还涉及一种通过适于接收信号的若干接收天线接收一个或多个数据块的方法。为了提高分组的接收和解码的质量,该方法包括:
-将第一接收信道频率映射到包括至少一个接收天线的第一集合;
-将第二接收信道频率映射到包括至少一个接收天线的第二集合,第一接收信道频率与第二接收信道频率不同;
-在包括至少一个接收天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个接收天线的第二集合上至少接收第一编码块;
-将至少一个接收到的第一编码块解码成至少一个第一数据分组;
-测试第一接收信道频率下的信号接收质量,使得发射机可以将发送信道频率映射到发送天线。
根据特定特征,接收方法包括:发送至少代表确定频率下接收质量等级的信息,将该信息发送至对第一编码块进行发送的发射机。
根据特定特性,接收方法包括:检查发送信道频率映射的修改。
有利地,接收方法包括:根据检查结果,按照发射机所使用的发送频率来改变接收天线上的信道频率映射。
附图说明
通过阅读以下描述,将更好地理解本发明,并且其他特征和优点将变得显而易见,描述参照附图,在附图中:
图1示出了无线网络;
图2示出了能够以符合本发明的方式发送数据的数据发射机的示例功能体系结构;
图3示出了根据本发明特定实施例的数据接收机的示例功能体系结构;
图4和5分别示出了图2的发射机和图3的接收机的示例硬件体系结构;
图6和7示意性示出了图2的发射机与图3的接收机之间通信的两种情况;
图8示出了在图2的发射机中实现的发送方法;以及
图9示出了在图3的接收机中实现的接收方法。
具体实施方式
本发明在具有若干发送和/或若干接收天线的系统中,实现了发送频率动态选择以及发送天线和/或接收天线对所选频率的特定使用。根据本发明,应用于一些发送天线的频率可以改变,而保持将其他发送天线分配至另一频率(或其他频率)。然后,动态管理对发送天线的频率分配(或映射),并可以根据发送信道对其进行优化。例如,在改变所有发送信号的频率之前,可以抑制一些噪声频率,或者可以对一些频率进行测试(而在现有DFS情况下,所有发送天线同时改变至相同频率,并且因此不适于不同的情况,例如,发送频率的运行中测试,或者不同频率的混合适合于更好接收的情况)。根据本发明,本方法还能够在改变之后回到初始频率,使得易于根据一些参数(例如,干扰、噪声、期望吞吐量)进行数据发送/接收的改变。根据本发明,可以在考虑频率混合的情况下确定天线上的频率映射,以优化信噪比等级或降低干扰等级。本发明还涉及一种接收方法,基于若干接收天线的使用,并适于接收不同频率的信号。
天线上的频率映射在这里意味着,将天线分配给包括用于发送调制符号(symbol)(例如,用于多载波调制的OFDM符号,或者PSK或QAM单载波符号)的频率在内的频带。映射在两个天线上的两个不同频率意味着,被分配至这些发送和/或接收天线的这些频带的中心频率是不同的。
图1示出了包括若干站1000至1002在内的无线网络1。每个站1000至1002包括使用MIMO(或多输入多输出)天线系统的发射机和接收机。站1000通过无线链路与站1001和1002进行通信。
图2示出了数据发射机2的示例功能体系结构,数据发射机2能够以符合本发明的方式来发送数据,本发明应用于通过MIMO噪声信道发送的信号的编码。可以在站10至12中实现数据发射机2。
发射机2包括:
-调制器21;
-STBC(空时块编码)/SFBC(空频块编码)编码器25;
-Ntx个OFDM调制器271至27Ntx,分别利用OFDM调制器对输入信号261至26Ntx进行调制;
-Ntx个天线281至28Ntx,分别与相应的OFDM调制器271至27Ntx相关联,
-接收模块29,适于接收来自于远程发射机的信号;以及
-解码模块210,对从模块29接收到的数据进行解调和解码,并将它们发送至应用程序或控制模块211。
这里,天线281至28Ntx被视为包括RF(射频)部分(具体地,频率变换、功率放大以及滤波)。有利地,包括能够避免发送信号失真的线性化HPA(高功率放大器)。每个天线281至28Ntx适于以表示为Fi(i相应地等于1至Ntx)的频率发送信号。解码模块向控制模块211发送不同的可能频率处的噪声等级(例如,干扰和/或信噪比),和/或接收质量等级。在第一实施例中,接收由发射机2发送的信号的接收机至少一次并有利地在每个可能频率F1至Fmax处(例如,对由发射机2或可能地由其他发射机发送的信号),检查接收质量等级,并且通过任何方式(例如,通过无线或有线链路)将该信息发送至发射机2。将该信息转发至解码模块210,解码模块210对该信息进行解码,并将其发送至控制模块211。然后,该模块211确定并选择可以使用的频率集合,对于每个天线281至28Ntx,确定和选择相应频率。然后,模块211控制OFDM调制器271至27Ntx,使得每个天线281至28Ntx使用与其自身相关联的所选频率F1至FNtx。
根据本发明的变型,接收模块29和解码模块210由频谱传感器代替,该频谱传感器对可以使用的频率处的干扰等级进行分析,并将相应结果发送至控制模块211。
发射机2接收来自于应用程序的二进制信号22,调制器21利用第一调制对二进制信号22进行数字调制,该第一调制例如是QAM调制(或“正交幅度调制”)(例如,16QAM或64QAM)。调制器21产生Q’个复QAM符号组S1至SQ’。Q’例如等于1024,并等于STBC/SFBC速率乘以发送天线的数目(Ntx)再乘以子载波数目的乘积。在本发明的示例中,编码速率例如等于1,Ntx等于2,以及子载波的数目等于512。然后利用编码器25对每组Q’符号进行编码,以形成STBC/SFBC码字。例如,STBC/SFBC是诸如在J.-C.Belfiore,G.Rekaya,E.Viterbo的文献″The Golden Code:A 2 x 2 Full-Rate Space-Time Code withNon-Vanishing Determinants,″(公布于IEEE Transactions on InformationTheory,vol.51,n.4,pp.1432-1436,2005年4月)中公开的黄金编码。根据变型,STBC在V.Tarokh,H.Jafarkhani,和R.A.Calderbank的“Space-Time block codes from orthogonal designs”(公布于IEEETransactions on Information Theory,vol.45,pp.1456-1467,1999年7月)中公开。STBC/SFBC基于大小为Ntx*N的复矩阵,其中,N是STBC/SFBC的时间维度。
在编码器25的输出处,在时间/频率映射器中已经对产生的信号进行了映射,该时间/频率映射器将专用信号261至26Ntx发送至OFDM调制器271至27Ntx中的每一个。然后,每个调制器271至27Ntx将其输入信号调制成OFDM调制信号;在可能的滤波之后,还将信号变换至所选频率并进行放大(如通常对无线电发送信号所进行的处理),并且最后在相应的天线281至28Ntx上发送。总之,然后,以所选频率F1至FNtx在每个天线281至28Ntx上的MIMO信道上发送信息数据。
存在许多符合本发明的可能的发射机变型。
根据其他变型(与先前变型相适应),第一调制可以是任何数字调制,例如,单载波或多载波nPSK(具有n个相位值的相移键控),或者nQAM(其中,n等于16、32、64、256)。
根据实现方式的变型,编码器25是空间复用(例如,基于VBLAST发送方案,VBLAST表示贝尔实验室分层空时(如Gerard.J.Foschini(1996)的文献中所公布的,题为″Layered Space-Time Architecture forWireless Communication in a Fading Environment When UsingMulti-Element Antennas″,公布于Bell Laboratories Technical Journal 10月41-59页))。
图3示出了根据本发明特定实施例的数据接收机3的示例功能体系结构。接收机3通过无线信道接收由发射机2发送的信号。该信道有噪声,并且包括加性高斯白噪声(或AWGN),以及可能的其他噪声,例如,干扰。接收到的信号还会受到多路回波、信号衰退和/或多普勒效应的影响。可以在站1000至1002中实现数据接收机3。
接收机3包括:
-Nrx个天线301至30Nrx;
-Nrx个OFDM解调器311至31Nrx,分别对由相应的天线301至30Nrx发送的含噪声OFDM调制信号进行解调;
-时间/频率逆映射器33;
-解码器35;
-解调器37;以及
-发送模块39。
接收机3匹配发射机2(特别是对于发射机所使用的调制和编码)。然后,根据在发射机中使用单载波调制的变型,OFDM解调器由相应的单载波解调器代替。每个天线301至30Nrx与相应的频率F’1至F’Nrx相关联,使得接收机3每次可以接收到发射机2所使用的所有频率。频率F1至FNtx的集合包括在频率F’1至F’Nrx的集合中。如果接收天线的数目Nrx与发送天线的数目Ntx相同,则发送中使用的频率Fi可以等于接收中使用的频率F’j。确实,这不是强制的。
根据本发明的变型,接收机3所使用的频率数目小于发射机2所使用的频率数目,发射机2发送的信号包括冗余信息。接收机3有利地选择(例如,通过在可能的频率之中扫描频率)发送频率的子集,并且将它们映射在接收天线上。
根据本发明的变型,接收机3所使用的频率数目大于发射机2所使用的频率数目。接收机3有利地选择所有发送频率,并将它们映射在接收天线上,其中,将一些频率映射在若干天线上。根据特定实施例,有利地,将接收质量等级最低、或者噪声或干扰等级最大的频率映射在若干天线上,而将其他频率映射在一个天线上。这使得能够在接收频率之中平均噪声等级。根据另一实施例,有利地,将接收质量等级最高、或噪声或干扰等级最低的频率映射在若干天线上,而将其他频率映射到一个天线上。这使得能够利用STBC/SFBC编码而获益。
发送模块39至少在使用的频率或可能的频率F’i上接收与接收质量、或噪声或干扰等级有关的信息,例如,该信息来自于OFDM解调器311至31Nrx(这些解调器中的解调或同步部分或前端),和/或来自于专用模块(图3中未示出的噪声或干扰测量模块)。然后,发送模块39构建并发送帧,以相应地通知发射机2:发送模块39可以通过与接收模块29匹配的任何方式(例如,通过无线或有线链路)向发射机2发送这些信息的一部分或全部。根据变型,发送模块39将可能频率之中可以使用的频率的列表与参数一起发送给发射机2,该参数指示是否可以使用该频率,或者更精确地指示与每个可能频率或可能频率的一部分相关联的接收质量的程度(或干扰等级)。例如,参数可以指示一些频率噪声大,并建议(或请求)发射机2不使用这些频率;参数还可以指示,由于相应噪声或干扰等级高或接收质量低,可以不使用其他一些频率;最后,参数可以建议或请求发射机2使用一些可靠的频率。
根据变型,(例如,当发射机2正使用传感器来确定可以使用哪些频率时),接收机3没有实现专用于请求或建议发射机2使用一些特定频率的发送模块39。
根据实现方式的变型,解码器35是空间复用解调器(例如,符合VBLAST发送方案)。
在图3所示的实施例上,接收机3包括Nrx个接收天线311至301Nrx,使得接收到的信号301至30Nrx可以由Nrx*N矩阵或等同地(Nrx*N)*1向量R来表示。例如,N等于2,并表示STBC所占用的时间和/或频率范围。
编码器23和解码器35之间的发送可以通过以下方程建模:
其中,不同参数如下:
R是复(Nrx*N)*1接收向量;
Hi是时间/频率间隔i的复Nrx*Ntx信道矩阵(频率与多载波调制的载波相对应;根据使用单载波调制的变型,间隔i与时间间隔相对应);
H=diag(H1,…,HN)是时间/频率间隔1至N的复块对角(N*Nrx)*(N*Ntx)信道矩阵;
C是复(Ntx*N)*Q(例如,Q=4或8)STBC/SFBC编码矩阵,其中,Q是每STBC/SFBC码字的输入复符号的数目;
S是扩展调制符号的复Q*1输入向量(在预编码之后)。方程(1)中的CS表示STB编码信号。编码过程由复矩阵乘法来表示;
v是复(N*Nrx)*1加性高斯白噪声(或AWGN)向量,其中自相关矩阵Rv=σ2INNrx,INNrx是大小为(N*Nrx)*(N*Nrx)的单位矩阵,σ2表示AWGN的方差。
根据变型,空/时编码过程利用实输入(而不是复输入)进行。于是,C矩阵是大小为(2Ntx*N)*(2Q)的实矩阵。
当劣化接收到的信号的加性噪声和干扰不是白噪声时,有利地,在解码器35之前实现白化滤波器。σ2表示获得的白化噪声的方差。
时间/频率逆映射器33接收来自于OFDM解调器311至31Nrx的信号,并进行逆映射(与编码器25的双重操作相对应)。向解码器35提供逆映射的信号34。
解码器35可以是任何解码器,适于对基于诸如在发射机2中实现的编码的信号进行解码。根据特定实施例,解码器35是网格解码器(lattice decoder),并且具体地非常适合于执行STBC/SFBC编码信号的ML解码。例如,该解码器35基于在E.Viterbo和J.Boutros的“Auniversal lattice code decoder for fading channel,”(并公布于IEEE Trans.Inform.Theory,vol.45,pp.1639-1642,1999年7月),或在C.P.Schnorr和M.Euchner的文献“Lattice basis reduction:Improved practicalalgorithms and solving subset sum problems,”(并公布于Math.ProGraming,vol.66,pp.181-191,1994)中公开的方法。这些文献公开了ML递归解码算法,该算法基于网格,并在接收代表数据的信号之后能够列举点和选择点。在球形中进行点的选择,该球形的直径取决于信噪比。在计算一些度量之后,可以通过列举球形中的候选点(Boutro),或者通过在子网格上连续投影(Schnorr/Euchner),来选择ML点。也可以在改进的解码器中实现诸如在以下专利申请中公开的解码:题为“Method of decoding of a multidimensional received signaland corresponding device”基于EP06301039.1、EP06301038.3和EP06301041.7提交的专利申请,以及题为“Method of decoding of amultidimensional received signal”基于EP06301223.1提交的专利申请,并且以Thomson Licensing SA的名义提交。
有利地,解码器适于考虑频率映射的特性。例如,如果向OFDM调制器271至27Ntx发送与具有不同星座图的信号相对应的信号,则解码器35适于对接收信号进行解码,该接收信号与以不同频率F1至FNrx接收到的星座图相对应。有利地,解码器接收代表映射在发送和接收侧上的天线上的频率的信息;然后,解码器将零分配给矩阵Hi的分量,该分量与具有不同频率映射的对(发送天线,接收天线)相对应;这实现了MIMO解码器的简化,并且提高了解码质量(由于这些零值不是噪声)。
解码器35向解调器37发送解码信号36。解调器37对解码信号36进行解调,并向应用程序提供解调信号(例如,比特)。
存在许多符合本发明的可能的接收机变型。
根据其他变型(与先前变型相适应),第一调制可以是任何数字调制,例如nPSK(“具有n个相位值的相移键控”)或nQAM(例如,n等于16、32、64、256)。
图4示出了发射机2的示例体系结构。
发射机2包括通过数据和地址总线44链接在一起的以下元件:
-微处理器41(或CPU),例如,DSP(或数字信号处理器);
-ROM(或只读存储器)42;
-RAM(或随机存取存储器)43;
-接口46,用于接收从应用程序发送的数据;
-发送模块45(包括RF部分和天线),用于在无线信道上发送输出信号;以及
-接收模块47(包括RF部分和天线),用于接收信号(例如,干扰等级或由发送模块45发送的信号的接收质量的指示)。
在每个上述存储器中,在规范中使用的词语《寄存器》可以与小容量(一些比特)的区域或极大区域(例如,整个程序或大量接收或解码数据)相对应。
ROM 42包括:
-程序420;
-可以在寄存器421中使用的频率F1至Fmax的集合;以及
-STBC/SFBC参数422(例如,所使用的STBC/SFBC码、天线数目)。
将根据本发明的发送方法的算法存储在ROM 42中。当上电时,CPU 41更新RAM中的程序420,并执行相应指令。
RAM 43包括:
-寄存器430中由CPU 41执行并在发射机2上电之后上载的程序;
-寄存器431中的输入数据;
-寄存器432中编码方法的不同状态下的编码数据;
-寄存器433中用于编码的其他变量;
-寄存器434中实际使用的频率F1至FNTx以及它们到发送天线的映射;以及
-寄存器435中针对每个可能频率F1至Fmax的干扰等级。
根据本发明的变型,信息寄存器435包含其他信息,例如,针对每个频率的置信度(例如,“可以使用的”频率、“不可以使用的”频率、“非常好的”频率),或针对每个频率F1至Fmax的干扰等级。
根据本发明的变型,在纯硬件配置中(例如,在具有相应存储器的一个或多个FPGA、ASIC或VLSI中),或者在使用VLSI和DSP的配置中实现发射机2的数字部分。
图5示出了接收机3的示例体系结构。
接收机3包括通过数据和地址总线54链接在一起的以下元件:
-微处理器51(或CPU),例如,DSP(或数字信号处理器);
-ROM(或只读存储器)52;
-RAM(或随机存取存储器)53;
-接收模块55,用于接收输入信号,并包括RF部分和天线;
-接口56,用于向应用程序发送解码数据;以及
-发送模块57(包括RF部分和天线),用于向接收模块47(模块57与模块47匹配)发送信号。
ROM 52包括:
-程序520;
-解码参数521(例如,所使用的STBC/SFBC码、在发射机2中使用的代表第一和第二星座图的信息、接收天线数目);以及
-可以在寄存器522中使用的频率F1至Fmax的集合。
将根据本发明的接收方法的算法存储在ROM 52中。当上电时,CPU 51上载RAM中的程序520,并执行相应指令。
RAM 43包括:
-寄存器530中由CPU 51执行并在接收机3上电之后上载的程序;
-寄存器531中的输入数据;
-寄存器532中的解码数据;
-寄存器533中用于解码的其他变量;以及
-寄存器534中实际用于发送的频率F1至FNTx,频率F1至FNRx及其至发送天线的映射;以及
-寄存器535中针对每个可能频率F1至Fmax的干扰等级。
根据本发明的变型,信息寄存器535包含其他信息,例如,针对每个频率的置信度,或针对每个频率F1至Fmax的干扰等级。
根据本发明的变型,可以在纯硬件配置中(例如,在具有相应存储器的一个或多个FPGA、ASIC或VLSI中),或者在使用VLSI和DSP的配置中实现接收机3的数字部分。
图6示出了改变天线上的频率映射的第一示例的情况。
水平轴表示时间和不同的天线(例如,第一发送天线631、第二天线632以及所示的第Ntx天线63Ntx)。在t1时刻之前,所有天线使用与频率F1相关联的信道C1。在t1时刻处,改变天线631的映射,并将天线631移至与频率F2相关联的信道C2。如果接收质量良好,或者比t1之前的接收质量好(例如,如果接收机给出该信息),则在t2时刻,改变天线632的映射,并且也将天线632移至与频率F2相关联的信道C2上。如果接收质量良好,或者比t2之前的接收质量好,则在t3时刻,改变天线633的映射,并且也将天线633移至与频率F2相关联的信道C2上。
根据这种情况,发送天线上频率映射的改变需要良好或更好的接收。图7示出了根据本发明可能出现的另一种情况。在图7上,在t’1时刻之前,所有天线使用与频率F1相关联的信道C1。在t1时刻,改变天线631的映射,并且将天线631移至与频率F2相关联的信道C2上。如果接收质量不良,或者比t’1之前的接收质量差(例如,如果接收机给出该信息)(例如,由于在时间74处出现干扰),则在t’2时刻处,将天线631的映射改变回至F1。在t’1时刻和t’2时刻之间,发送在单个频率F2上被干扰,并且然后在单个天线631上被干扰。因此,通信不被完全打断,并且可以保持在良好的鲁棒等级(而在现有DFS系统的情况下,将所有天线从频率F1移至F2,通信可能消失)。
当然,如下所述可以设想除了图6和7中公开的情况以外的其他情况(例如,利用更多数目的映射频率、以不同方式来管理噪声频率、…的情况)。
图8示出了根据本发明的发送方法的特定实施例,该方法可以在发射机2中实现。
发送开始于初始化步骤80,其中,将方法的不同参数设置为它们的初始值。在该步骤中,在可能的发送频率之中选择初始频率Fj,并且将频率Fj映射在所有发送天线281至28Ntx上。
然后,在步骤81,根据频率映射在天线上发送数据。
然后,在步骤82,发射机等待并获得假定需要改变频率的事件。例如,该事件是在频率Fj处检测到的干扰、与任何接收机处或用作编码块的目的地的接收机处在频率Fj处的不良信号接收质量(例如,由于频率Fj处的干扰、噪声,或者频率Fj的衰退)有关的信息,来自于接收机或来自于管理单元的请求。
在出现步骤82的事件之后,在步骤83处,将计数器i初始化为1。
然后,在步骤84,将与频率Fj不同的频率Fk映射到第i个天线28i上,并且在天线281至28Ntx上发送编码块的一部分(由对数据分组进行编码而获得的、并与编码符号或若干编码符号相对应的编码块),在天线281至28i上发送编码块的一些部分,以及在其他天线28(i+1)至28Ntx上发送编码块的其他部分。
然后,在测试85期间,对频率Fk处的接收质量进行测试。根据不同变型,该测试使用由接收机、感测探针和/或能够给出频率Fk处的接收质量等级的任何其他装置转发的信息。
如果测试85的结果为否定,则在步骤89期间,在所有天线上映射初始频率Fj,并且重复步骤81。例如,当接收质量(例如,发射机或接收机处的接收功率级别、和/或误码率、和/或信噪比)小于给定阈值,或者小于与另一频率(例如,Fj)处的接收质量相对应的阈值时,测试85的结果为否定。
否则,即,如果测试85的结果为肯定,则接收质量足够(或高于阈值),在步骤86中,计数器i递增1。
然后,执行测试87,以检查是否已经到达最后天线28Ntx,将计数器i与Ntx进行比较。
如果计数器i低于或等于Ntx,则重复步骤84。
否则,即,如果计数器大于Ntx,则在步骤88期间,将所有天线所使用的频率Fj指定成Fk。
总之,在步骤81至88中公开的方法的实施例中,将第一频率Fj映射在所有发送天线上,并且在发生与频率Fj处的不良接收质量有关的事件时,和/或根据来自于接收机或管理单元的请求(例如,出于测试目的),平滑地改变天线上的频率映射;然后,利用该映射发送一个或多个编码块,实现了利用该映射的接收质量测试。如果对于新映射,接收质量(或相应估计)足够,则映射的改变可以继续直到完全改变。否则,应用初始映射。
映射的平滑改变特别适合于认知性(cognitive)无线电系统,其中,发射机监听信道,并在自由信道上发送信号。根据本发明的变型,可以将若干频率(例如,2、3、…Ntx个不同频率)映射在天线上。在该变型中,每次重复步骤84时,将可能频率之中的新频率Fk(即,与在先前天线A1至A(i-1)上映射的频率不同的频率Fk)映射到第i个天线Ai上。
根据本发明的变型,如果测试85的结果为否定,则选择新频率Fk,而不是进行步骤89和重复81,该新频率与在步骤84的最后一次重复时映射在天线Ai上的频率不同。然后,以新频率Fk重复步骤84。
那么,总之,通过适于发送信号的若干发送天线发送输入数据分组(例如,包括目的地地址的分组数据单元或PDU(例如,在诸如IEEE802.11或IEEE 802.16等标准中定义的),该目的地地址是单播地址、或组播地址、或广播地址)的方法包括:
-将第一数据分组(例如,PDU)编码成第一编码块(该编码块例如是空时或空频块);
-将第一发送频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;
-将第二发送频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合,第一发送频率与第二发送频率不同;以及
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合上以及在包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上,发送第一编码块,在第一集合上发送第一编码块的一部分,在第二集合上发送第一编码块的另一部分。
第一集合和第二集合中的天线数目可以采用任何值,并且仅受限于发送天线的总数。到发送天线的频率映射不限于两个不同频率的映射,并且有利地,可以扩展为映射确定数目(大于2)的不同频率,每个频率的映射被应用于特定发送天线集合。
根据本发明的变型,在步骤84,发送功率级别与天线上的频率映射相关联。有利地,在发送编码块期间,该功率级别在应用于一个或多个天线的第一集合时比应用于包括其他天线的第二集合的功率低。然后,在一个或多个天线上的映射之后,可以测试与第一集合所使用的频率有关的接收质量,而通过第一集合的编码块发送对于第二集合发送的信号的接收的影响保持为低或有限。如果第一集合发送的信号的接收质量良好和/或好于阈值(静态阈值或动态阈值(例如,根据他频率处的接收质量)),则增加应用于第一集合的天线的发送功率。根据该变型,总发送功率可以保持恒定(例如,为了符合规定)。因此,当降低第一天线集合上的发送功率时,有利地,增加应用于第二天线集合中的天线的发送功率。与发送功率级别的特定管理有关的这些变型同样实现了映射的平滑改变,这种平滑改变特别适合于认知性无线电系统,无线电系统于是能够根据相同位置中的其他无线电系统,来调整它们的频率映射和功率级别。
有利地,根据本发明的变型,发射机2通过任何方式(例如,使用特定信道上的专用无线电信号,或者使用接收机已经使用的频率(例如,先前映射的频率))向接收机发送代表频率映射的信息。然后,接收机可以改变它们自己的接收频率映射而无需频率感测,或实现更快速的接收机改变。
图9示出了根据本发明的接收方法的特定实施例,该方法实现了接收机3。
接收以初始化步骤90开始,其中,将方法的不同参数设置为它们的初始值。典型地,将缺省接收频率映射应用于接收天线。
然后,在步骤91期间,接收机3等待并接收发射机2通过无线信道发送的信号。
然后,在步骤92处,接收机3检查发送频率是否已经改变。该检查使用例如来自于探测使用哪些接收频率的感测探针或者发射机2本身(例如,通过专用信道或接收机3调谐的频率)的信息。
如果没有发生发送频率映射改变,则重复步骤91。
否则,检测发送频率映射,并且按照所使用的实际发送频率来改变接收天线上的接收频率映射。如果接收天线的数目与发送天线的数目相同,则有利地,应用于接收天线的频率映射可以与应用于发射机2中的发送天线的频率映射类似:例如,将第一频率应用于三个发送天线,并且将第二频率应用于两个发送天线,然后,有利地,将第一频率映射到三个接收天线上,以及将第二频率映射到两个接收天线上。
根据本发明的变型,接收天线的映射与发送天线上的映射不同(发送天线的数目相同或不同):有利地,将接收质量等级(例如,信噪比或信号干扰比)最大的频率映射到更多天线上,这些天线的数目比根据发射机2所使用的映射用于这些频率的天线数目多。根据另一实施例,有利地,将接收质量等级最低的频率映射到更少的天线上,这些天线的数目比根据发射机2所使用的映射用于这些频率的天线的数目少。
根据本发明的变型,接收机根据使用的频率测试接收质量,并且发送信息,该信息至少代表在确定频率或有利地在每个使用的频率处的接收质量等级,将该信息发送至对第一编码块进行发送的发射机。
总之,通过适于接收信号的若干接收天线接收数据块(例如编码块,例如应用于一个或多个数据分组(或包括目的地地址的数据帧,例如,PDU,该目的地地址是单播地址、组播地址、或广播地址)的空时或空频块)的方法包括:
-将第一接收频率映射到包括至少一个接收天线的第一集合;
-将第二接收频率映射到包括至少一个接收天线的第二集合,第一接收频率与第二接收频率不同;
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合上以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上接收第一编码块,在第一集合上接收第一编码块的一部分,在第二集合上接收第一编码块的另一部分;
-将接收到的第一编码块(编码块例如是空时或空频块)解码成第一数据分组。
第一集合和第二集合中的天线数目可以采用任何值,并且仅受限于接收天线的总数。到接收天线的频率映射不限于两个不同频率的映射,并且有利地,可以扩展为映射确定数目(大于2)的不同频率,每个频率的映射适于特定接收天线集合。
有利地,接收方法可以遵照发射侧上的映射改变来应用于映射的平滑改变。
当然,本发明不限于上述实施例。
本发明符合任何类型的无线链路(点到点链路、无线LAN、移动网络、数字广播、卫星通信、…)。图3中所公开发射机以及图4中所公开的接收机包括适于特定应用的元件(例如,前端、调制器或解调器、MAC层接口、以及所有其他普通通信层元件)。本发明特别适于数字视频广播(或DVB(例如,DVB-T(陆地)、DVB-H(手持)…))的发送和接收。在这种情况下,离散多维编码信号包括代表数字视频广播信号的数据。
有利地,本发明使用在高频谱效率无线传输(MIMO系统和/或nQAM调制)中,具体地,在高速率传输中。事实上,本发明可以用于其他传输(例如,nQPSK调制…)。
参照根据本发明的MIMO解码,接收机对已被空时编码并利用至少两个天线发送的信号进行解码。空时编码可以基于空时块编码。根据变型,空时编码是简单的空间复用;然后,编码矩阵C是单位矩阵。
有利地,本发明可以应用于编码块的发送或接收,该编码块是空时或空频块,包括在这种块中的信息由不同发送频率承载。本发明还能够应用于其他类型的编码块(例如属于相同数据帧的数据集合)的发送和接收。
Claims (12)
1.一种通过适于发送信号的若干发送天线来发送至少一个数据分组的方法,其中,所述方法包括:
-将第一数据分组编码成第一编码块,以及将第二数据分组编码成第二编码块;
-将第一发送信道频率映射(84)到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;
-将第二发送信道频率映射(89、84)到包括至少一个发送天线(281至28Ntx)的第二集合,第一发送信道频率与第二发送信道频率不同;
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第一编码块;
-如果第一发送信道频率处的接收质量小于阈值,
-将与第一发送信道频率不同的第二发送信道频率或第三发送信道频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合;以及
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第二编码块。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括如果接收质量大于阈值,则:
-将与第二发送信道频率不同的第一发送信道频率或第三发送信道频率映射到包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合的至少一部分;以及
-在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上发送第二编码块。
3.根据权利要求1至2中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括:根据噪声等级来映射天线,每个噪声等级与每个频率相关联。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中,在发射机处测量噪声等级。
5.根据权利要求1、2和4中任一项所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括:
-至少根据给定频率处的接收质量等级,来映射天线;以及
-至少对接收质量等级信息进行接收,接收质量等级信息由接收机发送。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中,接收质量等级信息由用作第一编码块的目的地的接收机发送。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中,以第一功率级别在包括至少一个发送天线的第一集合上进行第一编码块的发送,以及以第二功率级别在包括至少一个发送天线的第二集合上进行第一编码块的发送,第一功率级别低于第二功率级别。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的方法,其中,将第一数据分组编码成第一编码块是空时或空频块编码。
9.一种通过适于接收信号的若干接收天线(300至3Nrx)接收至少一个数据块的方法,该方法包括:
-将第一接收信道频率映射(93)到包括至少一个接收天线的第一集合;
-将第二接收信道频率映射(93)到包括至少一个接收天线的第二集合,第一频率接收信道频率与第二接收信道频率不同;
-在包括至少一个接收天线的第一集合以及包括至少一个接收天线的第二集合上接收至少一个第一编码块;
-将至少一个接收到的第一编码块解码成至少一个第一数据分组;
-测试第一接收信道频率处的信号接收质量。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括:发送至少代表确定频率处的接收质量等级的信息,所述信息被发送至对第一编码块进行发送的发射机。
11.根据权利要求9或10所述的方法,其中,所述方法包括:检查发送信道频率映射的修改。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,根据检查结果,按照发射机所使用的发送频率来改变接收天线上的信道频率映射。
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JP2011508493A (ja) | 2011-03-10 |
CN101904111B (zh) | 2014-05-14 |
TW200929918A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
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