CN101899679B - Combined cathode of aluminum electrolysis bath - Google Patents
Combined cathode of aluminum electrolysis bath Download PDFInfo
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- CN101899679B CN101899679B CN2009103025584A CN200910302558A CN101899679B CN 101899679 B CN101899679 B CN 101899679B CN 2009103025584 A CN2009103025584 A CN 2009103025584A CN 200910302558 A CN200910302558 A CN 200910302558A CN 101899679 B CN101899679 B CN 101899679B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a combined cathode of an aluminum electrolysis bath. The combined cathode comprises cathode carbon blocks (1) with normal specification arranged at the bottom of the aluminum electrolysis bath, cathode steel rods (4) and inter-carbon binding paste (3), wherein irregular cathode blocks (2) with heights or widths unequal to those of the cathode carbon blocks (1) are arranged between every two cathode carbon blocks (1); the bottom installation height of the irregular cathode block (2) is the same as that of the cathode carbon block (1); and the height difference between the end face of the irregular cathode block (2) and the end face of the cathode carbon block (1) is 0 to 200mm. The combined cathode can improve the stability of an aluminum liquid-electrolyte boundary in the aluminum electrolysis bath well, effectively reduce the polar distance during normal production and achieve low working voltage of the electrolysis bath so as to fulfill the aims of energy conservation and consumption reduction.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of combined cathode of aluminium cell, belong to the aluminium cell technical field.
Background technology
Along with the raising of Mathematical model and operative technique level, the aluminium cell of international and domestic new design and establishing is day by day to the future development that maximizes.Potline current inevitably can be increased to 550kA～700kA even more than.In recent years, the aluminum electrolyzation technology of China has also obtained considerable progress, on the electrolyzer capacity, can meet or exceed international most advanced level.But with advanced international standard, still exist larger gap aspect energy-saving and cost-reducing.At present, the direct current consumption of domestic each aluminium manufacturer is hovered in about 13200-13500kWh/T.Al, even have near 14000kWh/T.Al, have sizable potentiality to excavate.Particularly in the situation that domestic economy environment is very severe at present, just more urgent to energy-conservation requirement
In Aluminium Electrolysis, energy-conservation approach is a lot.In theory, the power consumption rate only depends on the average voltage V of current efficiency and electrolyzer
Flat.And the average voltage of aluminium cell mainly comprises three parts, that is:
V
Flat=Δ V
Groove+ Δ V
Female+ Δ V
Effect
Δ V wherein
FemaleFor the outer busbar voltage of groove is fallen, Δ V
EffectFor anode effect is shared volts lost, Δ V
GrooveFor electric tank working voltage, can be decomposed into again: anode, negative electrode, electrolyte voltage are fallen and counter-electromotive force (or claiming actual decomposition voltage), namely
V
Groove=Δ V
Sun+ Δ V
Cloudy+ Δ V
Matter+ E
Instead
As can be known by calculating, counter-electromotive force and electrolyte voltage are fallen and are accounted for respectively 35%～40% of average voltage, are two sports in average voltage.Counter-electromotive force is definite value substantially, therefore want to reduce power consumption, primary is to reduce electrolyte voltage Δ V
Matter.
Simultaneously according to production practice, experiment, and calculate as can be knownly, the flow rate of aluminium liquid that typical large face multiple spot advances the electrit electrolyzer distributes as shown in Figure 7, the feature of these velocity flow profile is all very similar as seen in Figure 7.Certainly, when normal production, variation due to operational condition, stove rod, bearth precipitation etc., the velocity flow profile of surveying out has certain difference, but it is constant that the flow rate of aluminium liquid that advances the electrit electrolyzer for large face multiple spot in general is distributed with several features, that is: the vortex of generation is positioned at the zone at groove two ends (flue end and aluminium inlet) and the close two ends of large face along the zone that the electrolyzer length direction distributes, High Velocity Area is positioned at the close stove of each vortex side, the zone of groove Peak Flow Rate.The existence of high flow rate vortex simultaneously can make aluminium liquid-bath surface produce larger protuberance and fluctuation, and then it is unstable that aluminium liquid-electrolyte interface is produced, and energy consumption increases.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of and make aluminium cell obtain satisfactory stability by the negative electrode that changes aluminium cell, to reach effect energy-conservation, consumption reduction.Can overcome the deficiencies in the prior art.
Technical scheme of the present invention; It comprises between cathode block, cathode steel bar and the carbon of the common specification that is arranged on aluminum electrolytic cell bottom pricks and sticks with paste, and between two cathode blocks, is provided with the special-shaped cathode carbon block that height or width and cathode block do not wait.
The bottom mounting height of special-shaped cathode carbon block is identical with the cathode block of common specification.
The end face difference of altitude of the end face height of special-shaped cathode carbon block and the cathode block of common specification is 0～200mm.
The width of every special-shaped cathode carbon block is identical, and width range is 50 ~ 300mm.
The special-shaped cathode carbon block isometric with the cathode block of common specification is an isometric carbon piece or is comprised of 2～6 short special-shaped cathode carbon block splicings.
The material of making special-shaped cathode carbon block is smokeless coal piece, semi-graphite carbon piece, semi-graphited or graphitized carbon piece.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is by arranging the special-shaped cathode piece that a height or width and cathode block do not wait between two conventional cathode carbon pieces, so just can destroy by the special-shaped cathode piece distribution of velocity field in the aluminium liquid that existing electromagnetic force produces, the effect that reach energy-conservation, reduces energy consumption.The bottom mounting height of special-shaped cathode carbon block is identical with cathode block, and such setting can be convenient to the assembling of aluminium cell.the difference of altitude of the end face height of special-shaped cathode carbon block and common cathode block end-face is 0～200mm, different in nature cathode block between two cathode blocks just can form at existing smooth cathode surface the projection band of some amount like this, the purpose that arranges like this is the vortex (as Fig. 7) that produces in order to overcome existing smooth cathode block, visible by evidence and Fig. 8, the projection band (special-shaped cathode piece end face is higher than the cathode block part) of some amount is set on existing smooth cathode block surface, can certain obstacle be set to the aluminium liquid of high-flow area, destroy the vortex as formed in Fig. 7, the distribution of velocity field in the aluminium liquid that the existing aluminium cell electromagnetic force of destruction produces, make it become incoherent, make aluminium liquid can not produce larger protuberance and fluctuation, thereby obtain stability preferably.And stability electrolyzer preferably, during production, pole span can be lower, energy consumption is also lower.according to the flow rate of aluminium liquid of Fig. 7 vortex that produces as can be seen that distributes, along the electrolyzer length direction, distribute simultaneously, and high-flow area is positioned at the groove two ends, so the height of the special-shaped cathode carbon block between two cathode blocks also there are differences, namely exceed the zone of cathode block part, quantity and position are also uncertain, the reason that arranges like this is according to the Distribution of Magnetic Field of existing aluminium electrolysis cell and fixed, its objective is in order better to adapt to all kinds of electrolyzers and to destroy the distribution of velocity field in the aluminium liquid that original electromagnetic force produces, reach further energy-conservation, reduce the effect of energy consumption, the maximum value of difference of altitude is 200mm, its objective is normally to go out aluminium while meet producing.The width of special-shaped cathode carbon block is identical, and width range is 50 ~ 300mm, and such width range can guarantee the stability of aluminium cell.The special-shaped cathode carbon block isometric with cathode block is an isometric carbon piece or is comprised of 2～6 short special-shaped cathode carbon block splicings, can better regulate like this thermal equilibrium of aluminium cell, reduces the phenomenon of feeling cold of electrolyzer.The material of making special-shaped cathode carbon block is smokeless coal piece, semi-graphite carbon piece or semi-graphited or graphitized carbon piece, and above-mentioned making material is the material of making existing cathode block, do not need other exotic materials, so the present invention can separately not increase too many fund.Simultaneously the present invention also have to electrolyzer change less, the advantage such as good energy-conserving effect, have good economic benefits, promotional value and practical value.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the Y-direction view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is that special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 is by 4 sections short special-shaped cathode piece splicing construction schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is the interconnected schematic diagram of special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 height;
Fig. 5 is the part Y-direction view of Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the end face of special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 while only being disposed at the groove two ends higher than cathode block;
Large multiple spot of the existing 160kA of Fig. 7 advances electrit electrolyzer flow rate of aluminium liquid distribution plan;
After Fig. 8 adopted the present invention, large multiple spot of 160kA advanced electrit electrolyzer flow rate of aluminium liquid distribution plan;
Fig. 9 advances electrit electrolyzer flow rate of aluminium liquid distribution plan for large multiple spot of 160kA after adopting Fig. 4 distributing style;
Figure 10 advances electrit electrolyzer flow rate of aluminium liquid distribution plan for large multiple spot of 160kA after adopting Fig. 6 distributing style.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, the cathode block 1 of common specification and special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 all are arranged on the bottom of aluminium cell, in common specification cathode block 1, be provided with cathode steel bar 4, aluminium electrolytic cell cathode is by the cathode block 1 of common specification and special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 is interconnected forms, and between cathode block 1 and special-shaped cathode carbon block 2, by between carbon, pricking, sticks with paste 3 and is spliced into aluminium electrolysis cathode.Accepted standard is when making and splice, and the cathode block 1 of common specification and the bottom of special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 are positioned at same absolute altitude, and the line position that goes out of cathode steel bar 4 is positioned at same absolute altitude, (as Fig. 1); The rear aluminium electrolytic cell cathode side-view that is staggered so just as shown in Figure 2.Here the material of making special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 is smokeless coal piece, semi-graphite carbon piece, semi-graphited or graphitized carbon piece, and above-mentioned making material is the material of making existing cathode block, does not need other exotic materials, therefore can not increase too many cost.the purpose that special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 is set is the vortex that produces in order to overcome existing smooth cathode block, therefore when the difference of altitude of special-shaped cathode piece 2 and cathode block 1 greater than 0 less than 200 the time, the aluminium electrolysis cathode surface that is spliced into will form the uniform projection band in interval, the height of projection band is many between 50～200mm, aluminium liquid did not have 30 ~ 150mm of these the raised areas when normal production, the projection band of this height just can well destroy aluminium liquid flow field, aluminium liquid flow field after destruction as shown in Figure 8, the stability of aluminium cell is increased, can in normal production, further reduce pole span, play energy-saving and cost-reducing effect.The width of opposite sex cathode block 2 is 50 ~ 300mm, length and cathode block 1 are isometric, but the special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 isometric with cathode block 1 can form for an isometric carbon piece or by 2～6 short special-shaped cathode carbon block splicings, is exactly by 2 ways that are divided into 4 sections of every specially-shaped cathode as shown in Figure 3.
Embodiment 2: although it is obvious to press the effect that the method for embodiment 1 implements, the problem that too much bottom land projection is brought is to produce a large amount of minimizing of aluminium amount, may make the thermal equilibrium of aluminium cell be difficult to set up, and the phenomenon that electrolyzer feels cold occurs.Therefore in order better to regulate the thermal equilibrium of aluminium cell, we take to reduce the volume of special-shaped cathode piece end face the raised area, even part special-shaped cathode piece 2 is 0 with the difference of altitude of cathode block 1, as shown in Figures 4 and 5, can select two kinds of highly different special-shaped cathode carbon blocks 2, wherein a kind of height is higher than the cathode block 50 ~ 200mm of common specification, and another kind of cathode block with common specification is contour, the quantity of two kinds of special-shaped pieces is basic identical, and is also interconnected.Be equivalent to just have every the cathode block 1 of two common specifications the special-shaped cathode carbon block of 1 projection, namely the quantity of cathode surface projection band is half of scheme 1, so also can improve the flow velocity (as shown in Figure 9) of aluminium liquid layer, improves the stability of electrolyzer.This scheme, applicable to long grooved, can reach the effect that improves velocity field, improves stability, thermally equilibrated maintenance while being convenient to produce.
Embodiment 3: above-mentioned two examples are all by projection band (namely exceeding the special-shaped cathode carbon block 2 of cathode block 1) the uniform decoration form in interval, in fact according at present large face multiple spot, advance electrit electrolyzer flow rate of aluminium liquid feature, we also can be by projection band (being high special-shaped cathode carbon block) concentrated setting in the larger zone of flow velocity (being generally two facet end regions near groove), and in the central region of aluminium cell, can establish less and even not establish the different in nature carbon piece 2 that has difference of altitude, as shown in Figure 6.So also can play the flow velocity (as shown in figure 10) that improves the aluminium liquid layer, improve the effect of the stability of electrolyzer, the consumption of cathode material is also minimum simultaneously.
It should be noted that embodiment 2, in 3, with the contour special-shaped cathode carbon block of conventional cathode carbon piece 1, do not work to improve in fact aborning flow field, also can cancel need not, and directly the cathode block of two common specifications (sticking with paste by bundle) is spliced, but such consequence will be that the distance between cathode steel bar is inhomogeneous, increased difficulty for the design of groove, thus the present invention still keeps this (contour with the conventional cathode piece) special-shaped cathode carbon block, but do not repel the way that will play cancellation yet.
Claims (4)
1. the combined cathode of an aluminium cell, it comprises between the cathode block (1), carbon of the common specification that is arranged on aluminum electrolytic cell bottom pricks and sticks with paste (3) and cathode steel bar (4), it is characterized in that: between the cathode block (1) of two common specifications, be provided with highly and special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) that the cathode block (1) of width and common specification does not wait; The cathode block of common specification (1) and special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) all are arranged on the bottom of aluminium cell, in the cathode block (1) of common specification, are provided with cathode steel bar (4); The end face height of special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) is greater than the end face height of the cathode block (1) of common specification, and its difference of altitude is 50～200mm; The width of every special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) is identical, and width range is 50 ~ 300mm.
2. the combined cathode of aluminium cell according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bottom mounting height of special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) is identical with the cathode block (1) of common specification.
3. the combined cathode of aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) isometric with the cathode block (1) of common specification is an isometric carbon piece or is comprised of 2～6 short special-shaped cathode carbon blocks splicings.
4. the combined cathode of aluminium cell according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the material of making special-shaped cathode carbon block (2) is smokeless coal piece, semi-graphite carbon piece, semi-graphited or graphitized carbon piece.
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| CN2009103025584A CN101899679B (en) | 2009-05-25 | 2009-05-25 | Combined cathode of aluminum electrolysis bath |
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| CN2009103025584A CN101899679B (en) | 2009-05-25 | 2009-05-25 | Combined cathode of aluminum electrolysis bath |
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| CN101899679A CN101899679A (en) | 2010-12-01 |
| CN101899679B true CN101899679B (en) | 2013-11-20 |
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| CN102534671A (en) * | 2012-03-08 | 2012-07-04 | 广西百色银海铝业有限责任公司 | Aluminum electrolytic tank with crosswise-arranged special-shaped cathode structure |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101054691A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2007-10-17 | 冯乃祥 | Abnormal cathode carbon block structure aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN101413136A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-04-22 | 冯乃祥 | Novel cathode structured aluminum cell with longitudinal and transversal wave damping functions |
| CN101775621A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-14 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Cathode structure of aluminium cell |
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2009
- 2009-05-25 CN CN2009103025584A patent/CN101899679B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101054691A (en) * | 2007-03-02 | 2007-10-17 | 冯乃祥 | Abnormal cathode carbon block structure aluminum electrolysis bath |
| CN101413136A (en) * | 2008-10-10 | 2009-04-22 | 冯乃祥 | Novel cathode structured aluminum cell with longitudinal and transversal wave damping functions |
| CN101775621A (en) * | 2009-01-13 | 2010-07-14 | 沈阳铝镁设计研究院 | Cathode structure of aluminium cell |
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