CN101894959B - Novel high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells - Google Patents
Novel high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells Download PDFInfo
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- CN101894959B CN101894959B CN2010102453690A CN201010245369A CN101894959B CN 101894959 B CN101894959 B CN 101894959B CN 2010102453690 A CN2010102453690 A CN 2010102453690A CN 201010245369 A CN201010245369 A CN 201010245369A CN 101894959 B CN101894959 B CN 101894959B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells, which is a device for humidifying hydrogen oxygen cells. The fuel cell reaction is finished by oxygen carried in the air. The device is an air tail gas humidifier, which comprises an outer end plate, a humidifying plate, a moist and heat exchange membrane, a sealing device (a sealing strip or sealant), and an inner end plate. The novel high-efficiency humidifier does not need a temperature and humidity regulator, is an automatic regulation device, and has the characteristics of simple structure, small volume, light weight, low cost, convenient disassembly and assembly and integration, and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fuel battery humidifying device, belong to the electricity field of batteries.
Background technology
Electrochemical fuel cell is a kind of device that hydrogen and oxidant can be changed into electric energy and product, the internal core parts of this device are membrane electrode (Membrane Electrode Assembly, be called for short MEA), membrane electrode (MEA) has a proton exchange membrane, two porous conductive materials of film two sides folder, forms such as carbon paper.Contain the catalyst of the initiation electrochemical reaction of even tiny dispersion in two boundary faces of film and carbon paper, such as the metal platinum catalyst.The electronics that the membrane electrode both sides can will occur to generate in the electrochemical reaction process with conductive body is drawn by external circuit, consists of current circuit.
At the anode tap of membrane electrode, fuel can pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and at catalyst surface electrochemical reaction occurs, lose electronics, form cation, cation can pass proton exchange membrane by migration, arrives the other end cathode terminal of membrane electrode.At the cathode terminal of membrane electrode, contain the gas of oxidant (such as oxygen), such as air, pass porousness diffusion material (carbon paper) by infiltration, and obtain electronics in catalyst surface generation electrochemical reaction, form anion.The cation of coming in anion and the anode tap migration of cathode terminal formation reacts, and forms product.
Be fuel adopting hydrogen, the air that contains oxygen is in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of oxidant (or pure oxygen is oxidant), and fuel hydrogen has just produced hydrogen cation (or being proton) in the catalytic electrochemical reaction of anode region.Proton exchange membrane is helping the hydrogen cation to move to the cathodic region from the anode region.In addition, air-flow and oxygen containing air-flow that proton exchange membrane will contain hydrogen fuel are kept apart, and they can not mixed mutually produce the explosion type reaction.
In the cathodic region, oxygen obtains electronics at catalyst surface, forms anion, and moves the hydrogen cation reaction of coming, reaction of formation product water with the anode region.In the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells that adopts hydrogen, air (oxygen), anode reaction and cathode reaction can be used equation expression:
Anode reaction: H
2→ 2H
++ 2e
Cathode reaction: 1/2O
2+ 2H
++ 2e → H
2O
In typical Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, membrane electrode (MEA) generally all is placed in the middle of the pole plate of two conductions, and quarter is milled by die casting, punching press or machinery in the surface that every humidifying plate contacts with membrane electrode, and formation is the guiding gutter of one or more at least.These guide plates can be the pole plates of metal material, also can be the pole plates of graphite material.Water conservancy diversion duct on these guide plates and guiding gutter import fuel and oxidant respectively anode region and the cathodic region on membrane electrode both sides.In the structure of a Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells monocell, only there is a membrane electrode, the membrane electrode both sides are respectively the humidifying plate of anode fuel and the humidifying plate of cathode oxidant.These humidifying plates are both as current collector plate, and also as the mechanical support on membrane electrode both sides, the guiding gutter on the humidifying plate acts as a fuel again and enters the passage of positive cathode surface with oxidant, and as the passage of taking away the water that generates in the fuel cell operation.
In order to increase the gross power of whole Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, two or more monocells usually can be connected into by straight folded mode battery pack or the mode by tiling and be unified into battery pack, in straight folded, in-line battery pack, can there be guiding gutter on the two sides of a pole plate, wherein one side can be used as the anode guide face of a membrane electrode, and another side can be used as the cathode diversion face of another adjacent membranes electrode, and this pole plate is called bipolar plates.A series of monocell connects together and forms a battery pack by certain, mode.Battery pack usually tightens together by front end-plate, end plate and pull bar and becomes one.
A typical battery stack generally includes: the water conservancy diversion of (1) fuel and oxidant gas advances opening and flow-guiding channel, and fuel (such as hydrogen, methyl alcohol or the hydrogen-rich gas that obtained after reforming by methyl alcohol, natural gas, gasoline) and oxidant (mainly being oxygen or air) are distributed in the guiding gutter of each anode, cathode plane equably; (2) opening and the flow-guiding channel of cooling fluid (such as water) are evenly distributed to the cooling water fluid in each battery pack inner cooling channel, the heat absorption that hydrogen in the fuel cell, the exothermic reaction of oxygen electrochemistry are generated and take battery pack out of after dispel the heat; (3) fuel and oxidant gas go out opening and corresponding flow-guiding channel, fuel gas and oxidant gas are when eliminating, portability goes out the liquid that generates in the fuel cell, the water of gaseous state.Usually, the opening of all fuel, oxidant, cooling fluid is all opened on the end plate of fuel cell unit or on two end plates.
The Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells group both can be used as the dynamical system of the delivery vehicles such as car, ship, can be used as movable type or stationary power generation device again.
Used in proton exchange membrane fuel cell is made the dynamical system of the delivery vehicles such as car, ship, or when portable and stationary power generation station, must comprise battery pile, fuel hydrogen supply system, air supply subsystem, cooling subsystem, control and electric energy are exported various piece automatically.
Core component is membrane electrode in the Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells, and proton exchange membrane is the core component in the membrane electrode.Used proton exchange membrane needs to have hydrone to have moisturizing in the battery operation process in the membrane electrode of fuel batter with proton exchange film at present, because only have the proton of aquation just can freely pass proton exchange membrane, arrive electrode cathode plate end from electrode anode plate end and participate in electrochemical reaction, otherwise, when the air of a large amount of dryings to the fuel cell supply, and when leaving fuel cell, easily the moisture subband in the proton exchange membrane is run, proton can't pass proton exchange membrane, cause the electrode internal resistance sharply to increase, the relative air humidity that enters fuel cell is improved, in order to avoid make the proton exchange membrane dehydration.The water content of fuel cell conductance and film is linear.For the performance of bag fuel cell in full, reacting gas must pre-humidification.
The fuel battery humidification device that is applied at present proton exchange membrane mainly contains two classes: the first kind is to pump into humidifying device with pure water, and hydrone evaporation and air molecule are mix the ground gaseous air, be the air that reaches certain relative humidity when hydrone enters fuel cell.Equations of The Second Kind is the humid air and water introducing humidifying device that utilizes fuel cell self to discharge, and with the dry air exchanged water molecule that enters humidifying device, making the air when entering fuel cell is the air that reaches certain relative humidity.
First kind humidifying device needs the outside that pure water is provided.Provide pure water mainly by controlling during water pump, the pipeline etc., greatly increased the complexity of humidifying device, and increased energy resource consumption; And because pure water constantly consumes, and in time supply causes the cost of fuel cell operation process very high, and operation inconvenience.
So the humidifying device that is applied to Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells of Equations of The Second Kind has very high use high value and superiority.The humidifying device of Equations of The Second Kind generally has the high effect humidifying device that utilizes rotation inner bag shape, such as " a kind of for the fuel cell the high effect humidifying device " (patent No.: 02111824.8); Another kind of humidifying device utilizes permeable but air-locked film, such as Nafion film of E.I.Du Pont Company etc., this film can allow hydrone freely see through but not allow gas molecule see through, when dry air is flow through on one side of film, the another side of film flows through humid air or the water of discharging from fuel cell, hydrone can pass film and be diffused in the dry air, reaches the purpose of humidification.For example available among the US Patent 6,106964 is exactly this humidifying device." a kind of high effect humidifying device of suitable fuel cell low pressure operation " (patent No.: 03115482.4) also belong to this humidifying device.
Being applied at present the air temperature modification of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells and the method for moisture stable mainly is according to variations such as ambient temperature, fuel cell output current, and the switching time by regulating the humidification turning barrel, the method for humidification electrode rotating speed are controlled the temperature, humidity, the use moisture separator that enter fuel battery air and separated airborne aqueous water.
The air that present technical scheme is carried to fuel cell pack becomes the humid air that reaches certain relative humidity and temperature through humidification and directly enters fuel cell pack generation electrochemical reaction following technological deficiency is arranged:
Owing to be subject to the impact of external environment, when ambient temperature changes and outside air relative humidity variations greatly the time, under the same operating varying environment, the air themperature of sending from damp and hot turning barrel and the humidity controlling value that will depart from objectives, can not guarantee to enter the constant of fuel battery air temperature, humidity, cause the fuel cell operation unstable properties.Therefore the have to conversion that allows fuel cell conform by the control parameter of revising humidification turning barrel and humidification motor has caused the inconvenience in the control.And the external accessory of present damping device is many, and the working procedure more complicated is complicated, is unfavorable for operation.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly in order to overcome one of the problems referred to above or all, provide that a kind of cost is lower, compact conformation, easy to operate, need not complicated temperature control and wet control auxiliary equipment, be convenient to dismantle and the high effect humidifying device of integrated fuel cell.
The invention provides a kind of fuel battery humidifying device, comprise inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806), and place humidifying plate (803,804,805) between inboard end plate and the outside end plate; At described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and between the described inboard end plate (802), and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and between the described outside end plate (806) has respectively damp and hot exchange membrane, one side of close fuel cell when wherein said inboard refers to this damping device and fuel cell assembling, the described outside refers to the side away from fuel cell, in the medial surface of described outside end plate (806), interior and the humidifying plate (803 of the lateral surface of inboard end plate (802), 804,805) all has groove accommodating and the damp-heat air tail gas that circulation dry air or fuel cell reaction produce in the two sides, and groove and described humidifying plate (803 in described inboard end plate (802) lateral surface, 804,805) groove of medial surface be oppositely arranged on have at least between described damp and hot exchange membrane both sides and two grooves part be overlapping crossing, described humidifying plate (803,804,805) to be oppositely arranged between described damp and hot exchange membrane both sides and this two groove with groove in described outside end plate (806) medial surface also be that it is overlapping crossing having at least partly to the groove in the lateral surface, and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) between described two grooves in the two sides by being positioned at this humidifying plate (803,804,805) base plate in the middle of is separated by and is not communicated, described inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806) and humidifying plate (803,804, the periphery of described groove 805) all has sealing device, described sealing device is with described inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806) and damp and hot exchange membrane and humidifying plate (803,804,805) seal group is fitted together, thereby gas is circulated in described groove.
According to one embodiment of the invention: in the medial surface of described outside end plate (806), interior and the humidifying plate (803 of the lateral surface of inboard end plate (802), 804,805) have baffler in the groove in the two sides, described baffler is divided into described groove for the guiding gutter that prolongs circulation length, sluggish velocity of liquid assets.
The other embodiment according to the present invention, described guiding gutter is corrugated or rectilinear, the degree of depth of described guiding gutter is 0.5～10mm, is used for the gas that wherein circulates is carried out the U-shaped water conservancy diversion.
The other embodiment according to the present invention, described sealing device is arranged on sealing gasket, sealing strip, sealing ring or the fluid sealant in the seal groove.
The other embodiment according to the present invention, described damp and hot exchange membrane are miillpore filter or proton exchange membrane or amberplex,
The other embodiment according to the present invention, the aperture of wherein said damp and hot exchange membrane is 10～0.05 microns;
According to one embodiment of the invention, change the area of described humidifying plate, to adapt to the fuel cell of different volumes and area; The other embodiment according to the present invention, wherein said humidifying plate (803,804,805) have a plurality of, described a plurality of humidifying plate (803,804,805) has identical structure, described a plurality of humidifying plate (803,804,805) be connected in series between, and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) all has damp and hot exchange membrane between.
According to one embodiment of the invention, described humidifying plate (803,804, the top and bottom of side 805) all have two through holes that laterally run through described humidifying plate (302 that are arranged side by side, 303,306,307), at described humidifying plate (803,804,805) in the lateral surface, two through holes (306 of described lower end, 307) with this lateral surface in groove (309) communicate, in the medial surface of described humidifying plate (803,804,805), groove (407) in two through holes (302,303) of described upper end and this medial surface communicates;
The lower end, side of described outside end plate (806) has a fifth hole (102) that laterally runs through described outside end plate (806), described fifth hole (102) and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the lower end of side through holes (306,307) one of align, the upper end of the medial surface of described outside end plate (806) has the 6th through hole (104) that laterally runs through described outside end plate (806) that is arranged side by side and the first opening (105) of spill, described the 6th through hole (104) and the first opening (105) all with described outside end plate (806) medial surface in groove (108) communicate, and described the 6th through hole (104) and the first opening (105) respectively with described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the upper end of side through holes (302,303) align;
The upper end of the side of described inboard end plate (802) has the 7th through hole (502) that runs through described inboard end plate (802), described the 7th through hole (502) and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the upper end of side through holes (302,303) one of align, the lower end of the lateral surface of described inboard end plate (802) has the 8th through hole (503) that laterally runs through described inboard end plate that is arranged side by side and the second opening (504) of spill, groove (508) in the lateral surface of described the 8th through hole (503) and the second opening (504) and described inboard end plate (802) communicates, and described the 8th through hole (503) and the second opening (504) respectively with described humidifying plate (803,804, two through holes (306,307) of the lower end of side 805) are aimed at;
Described the 7th through hole (502) and and the 8th through hole (503) directly respectively with fuel cell on air advance/venthole or air go out/air admission hole aligns;
And on described damp and hot exchange membrane, with described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and on position corresponding to the through hole on described two end plates (802,806) or opening be provided with the through hole (701-706) that laterally runs through described damp and hot exchange membrane;
By above-mentioned mentioned hole and opening setting, can realize that dry air and damp-heat air tail gas can be distributed in the both sides of damp and hot exchange membrane, the wherein said direction that laterally refers to described two end plates and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, a upper and lower direction in the face that refers to vertical transverse;
According to one embodiment of the invention, this device also comprises the through hole (103,301,501 that is used for the hydrogen turnover that laterally runs through whole damping device that is positioned at upper end or lower end; 101,308,505), the wherein said direction that laterally refers to described two end plates and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, the direction of upper and lower in the face that refers to vertical transverse;
The other embodiment according to the present invention, in the upper of described two end plates or lower top end face, have two through holes that communicate with the end plate inner groovy, in the upper of described humidifying plate or lower top end face, have two through holes that the groove in the medial surface with described humidifying plate communicates, two through holes that groove in the upper of described humidifying plate or lower top also have lateral surface with described humidifying plate communicates, wherein laterally refer to the direction of described two end plates and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, the direction of upper and lower in the face that refers to vertical transverse.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following characteristics:
1, utilizes the reacted heat of fuel cell pack, humid air tail gas to come humidification, do not need the external world to provide the pure water humidification to enter the dry gas of humidifying device;
2, do not need the external world provide thermal source or and consume additional power;
3, compact overall structure has reduced volume and area, is applicable to integratedly, uses wider;
4, easy and simple to handle, belong to interior circulation from humidification, the humidification effect stability is not subjected to the impact of external environment;
5, the low pressure operation that is suitable for fuel cell, what enter damping device is dry air and with the humid air of temperature and moisture, does not need hyperbaric environment just can finish the conversion balance of water.
6, whole damping device is an automatic regulating equipment, regulates humidity and temperature according to the extent of reaction of self, so the hysteresis quality that can avoid extraneous auxiliary equipment to adjust.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inboard schematic diagram of the outside end plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the outside schematic diagram of the outside end plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the outside schematic diagram of the humidifying plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the inboard schematic diagram of the humidifying plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 5 is the outside schematic diagram of the inboard end plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 6 is the inboard schematic diagram of the inboard end plate of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation of the damp and hot exchange membrane of one embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 8 is the fuel battery humidifying device integrated morphology schematic diagram of the embodiment of the invention 1.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Fig. 1-8 shows the high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells of one embodiment of the invention, and the below will be described in detail for this embodiment on basis by reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 8 is fuel battery humidifying device integrated morphology schematic diagram, comprising fuel cell pack 801, and and fuel cell pack 801 direct-connected damping devices, fuel battery humidifying device wherein comprises: the inboard end plate 802 of sequential cascade combination, three humidifying plates 803,804 and 805, outside end plate 806, and be arranged between inboard end plate and the humidifying plate, the damp and hot exchange membrane between humidifying plate and the humidifying plate, between humidifying plate and the outside end plate.Have on the lateral surface of side end panel outside hydrogen advance/venthole 103 and hydrogen goes out/air admission hole 101, also has dry air air admission hole 102 and damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104.Damp-heat air wherein is the tail gas that cell reaction produces in fuel cell pack 801, enter the fuel battery humidifying device via the damp-heat air tail gas air admission hole on the inboard end plate 802, the dry air that wherein will participate in the fuel cell pack reaction enters into this damping device by the dry air air admission hole 102 on the outside end plate 806, in this damping device, exchange to described dry air by heat and the moisture content of described damp and hot exchange membrane with damp-heat air tail gas, make described dry air have certain humidity and heat, then enter fuel cell pack 801 via the dry air venthole on the inboard end plate 802 and participate in reaction.
For convenience of explanation, we make as giving a definition, side near fuel cell pack in this fuel battery humidifying device is called the inboard, side away from fuel cell pack is called the outside, so inboard end plate recited above is exactly the end plate near fuel cell pack, and outside end plate is exactly the end plate away from fuel cell pack, same, in two sides of inboard end plate, be called medial surface near the side of fuel cell pack, be called lateral surface away from that side of fuel cell pack; Outside in two of side end panel sides, be called medial surface near the side of fuel cell pack, be called lateral surface away from that side of fuel cell pack; " inboard " and " outside " mentioned among the application all has implication same as described above.Simultaneously, the direction of two end plates and the stacked combination of humidifying plate is defined as laterally, and will be defined as above-below direction perpendicular to a direction in the horizontal face.
Fig. 1 is the medial surface schematic diagram of outside end plate 806, have the through hole 103 that is arranged side by side and the damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105 of 104 and spills in the upper end of this medial surface, the lower end has two through holes that are arranged side by side 101 and 102, through hole 101 and 103 is as there being hydrogen to advance/portal, if with 103 as the hydrogen gas hole, 101 just as the hydrogen venthole so, conversely, if with 101 as the hydrogen gas hole, 103 just as the hydrogen venthole so, can Alternate.Hole 101 and 103 all is the through holes that run through outside end plate, and the hole 101 and 103 on the lateral surface of they and outside end plate shown in Figure 2 is respectively same hole.On humidifying plate and inboard end plate, being equipped with the hydrogen that runs through separately on the position corresponding with hole 103 and 101 advances/venthole, it also is inboard end plate, humidifying plate, hydrogen on the end plate of the outside advances/portals to combine to become a passage that directly advances/go out fuel cell pack, hydrogen without any circulation, also without any crooked route, but directly advances/goes out fuel cell through the passage on the damping device in damping device.If we 101 and 103 when direction is seen in the past to the inside, can directly see the fuel cell pack that is positioned at inboard end plate inboard from the outside of outside end plate along the hole.
The medial surface of outside end plate also comprises dry air air admission hole 102, and this hole 102 also is the through hole that runs through this outside end plate, as shown in Figure 2, also has this hole at the lateral surface of this outside end plate, Fig. 2 be outside the lateral surface schematic diagram of end plate.Also comprise the outer tail gas venthole 104 of damp and hot sky that runs through outside end plate, as shown in Figure 2, also have this hole at the lateral surface of this outside end plate.Dry air air admission hole 102 wherein is used for the dry air that will participate in fuel cell reaction in the external world is sent in this damping device, and the outer tail gas venthole 104 of damp and hot sky is used for discharging the damp-heat air tail gas of having participated in reaction.
The medial surface of this outside end plate also comprises baffler 106, the frame of this outside end plate medial surface is higher than the core of this medial surface, this frame and lateral surface form a groove 108 at medial surface jointly, thereby 106 pairs of these grooves 108 of baffler are separated and are formed guiding gutter, and the frame that baffler preferably has with groove has contour height.Simultaneously, on the frame of the medial surface of this outside end plate, also be formed be used to the seal groove 107 that sealing gasket is set.
Wherein this medial surface also comprises damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105, this air inlet openings 105 is concave structures, do not penetrate this outside end plate, and the setting that communicates with groove 108 of this damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105 and damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104, and every other hole does not all communicate with groove 108 in this medial surface.By this air inlet openings, damp-heat air tail gas enters into the groove of this medial surface, then the guiding gutter that in groove, is separated out by baffler, through flowing to damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104 after the U-shaped water conservancy diversion process, thereby by this damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104 damp-heat air tail gas is discharged, water conservancy diversion process wherein is shown in the dotted arrow among Fig. 1.The reason of wherein using 106 pairs of grooves 108 of baffler to be separated to form guiding gutter is in order to prolong gas communication length, to delay the eliminating time of damp-heat air tail gas, thereby realizes the sufficient humidification heating of dry air.Similar, the described guiding gutter in back all is based on this principle design.
Fig. 3 is humidifying plate lateral surface schematic diagram in the present embodiment, the horizontal centre of this humidifying plate has base plate, thereby so that this humidifying plate has inboard and two sides, the outside, the top and bottom of the side of humidifying plate respectively have three through holes that are arranged side by side, these through holes all laterally run through humidifying plate, this lateral surface includes hydrogen gas/ venthole 301 and 308, these two pores respectively with outside end plate 806 on pore 103 and 101 align, with their common access ways that forms hydrogen.
The lateral surface of this humidifying plate also comprises dry air air admission hole 307 and 306, damp-heat air tail gas venthole 303 and 302, also comprise simultaneously the drop-center 309 that higher frame and described base plate by this lateral surface surround jointly, this groove is divided into guiding gutter by baffler 304, and also is provided be used to the seal groove 305 that sealing gasket is set on this described frame.All Kong Jun are the through holes that runs through this humidifying plate on this lateral surface, and this can see from the medial surface schematic diagram of this humidifying plate shown in Figure 4.In this lateral surface, only porose 306 and 307 communicate with groove 309, other Kong Jun does not communicate with groove 309.Have equally in the medial surface of this humidifying plate by higher frame and the formed groove 407 of described base plate, this groove is divided into guiding gutter by baffler, and at this medial surface, only porose 302 and 303 is to communicate with wherein groove 407 to arrange.And, on the two sides of this humidifying plate, respectively have a damp and hot exchange membrane as shown in Figure 7.Having the hole corresponding with the hole on the humidifying plate at this damp and hot exchange membrane arranges.Damp and hot exchange membrane is that a kind of hydrone and heat can pass through, and the hydrophilic film that gas molecule can't pass through can be miillpore filter, proton exchange membrane, amberplex and other filter membranes.The aperture of damp and hot exchange membrane is 10～0.05 microns.
Lateral surface at this humidifying plate, do not communicated with groove 108 by dry air air admission hole 102, so the dry air that is entered by hole 120 can only pass corresponding through hole on the damp and hot exchange membrane and arrive dry air air admission hole 307 on the humidifying plate, because hole 307 communicates with groove 309, so herein, the guiding gutter of part dry air in groove 309 arrives air admission hole 306 through after the U-shaped water conservancy diversion, shown in the dotted arrow among Fig. 3, simultaneously, also have other a part of dry air 307 to continue forward stream along the hole, arrive the lateral surface of another one humidifying plate or inboard end plate.
Medial surface at this humidifying plate, after the damp-heat air tail gas of coming from inboard end plate or another one humidifying plate arrives damp-heat air tail gas venthole 303, because hole 303 communicates with groove 407, so a part of damp-heat air tail gas can enter in the groove 407, behind the U-shaped water conservancy diversion of guiding gutter process wherein, arrive damp-heat air tail gas venthole 302, after passing hole 302, enter the hole 104 on the end plate of the outside, thereby be discharged to outside this damping device, a part of damp-heat air tail gas then directly passes the damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105 on the 303 arrival outside end plate medial surfaces of hole in addition, thereby in groove 108, carry out water conservancy diversion, and finally arrive hole 104 and discharge this damping device.
Like this, damp and hot exchange membrane two side flow between side end panel and the humidifying plate is respectively damp-heat air tail gas and dry air outside, because the hysteresis of guiding gutter, and so that damp-heat air tail gas can carry out sufficient humidification heating to dry air.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of the lateral surface of inboard end plate, have the hydrogen that laterally runs through described inboard end plate that is arranged side by side in the lateral surface of this inboard end plate upper end and advance/portal 501 and damp-heat air tail gas air admission hole 502, have the dry air venthole 503 and the hydrogen that are arranged side by side in the lateral surface lower end of this inboard end plate and advance/portal 505 and spill dry air air inlet openings 504, comprise damp-heat air tail gas air admission hole 502 at medial surface, dry air venthole 503, and hydrogen advances/ portals 501 and 505, these four Kong Jun are the through holes that run through this inboard end plate, this can see from the medial surface schematic diagram of inboard end plate shown in Figure 6, on the medial surface of this inboard end plate only porose 501,502,503 and 505, dry air air inlet openings 504 does not then run through this end plate.
Hydrogen wherein advances/ portals 501 and 505 hydrogen that correspond respectively on the end plate of the outside and advances/ portal 103 and 101, thereby form a directly hydrogen passage of turnover fuel cell pack, they with humidifying plate on hydrogen gas/venthole 301 and the direct hydrogen passage of 308 common formations.
In the lateral surface of this inboard end plate, form groove 508 by higher frame and medial surface, groove 508 is divided into guiding gutter by baffler 506, wherein only porose 504 and 503 communicates with groove 508.And dry air air inlet openings 504 is concave structures, and it does not penetrate this inboard end plate, thereby so that arrives the gas of this air inlet openings 504 and can only enter in the groove 508.
The damp-heat air tail gas of coming from fuel cell pack is by after the damp-heat air tail gas air admission hole 502, pass after the damp and hot exchange membrane, arrive after the damp-heat air tail gas venthole 303 of humidifying plate medial surface, the U-shaped water conservancy diversion of the groove 407 interior processes of a part in this face arrives damp-heat air tail gas venthole 302 afterwards; A part is then directly passed the damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105 on the 303 arrival outside end plate medial surfaces of hole or is entered into the another one humidifying plate in addition.
And after the dry air that the dry air air admission hole 307 of humidifying plate is come arrives dry air air inlet openings 504, enter in the groove 508, after U-shaped water conservancy diversion, arrive dry air venthole 503, then enter fuel cell pack 801 and participate in reaction.
Like this, two side flow of the damp and hot exchange membrane between inboard end plate and humidifying plate be respectively dry air and damp-heat air tail gas because the effect of guiding gutter, so that damp-heat air tail gas can carry out the humidification heating to dry air fully.
For the operation principle of this invention can being got across, the below only has a humidifying plate take this damping device and comes the process of flowing through of dry air and damp-heat air tail gas is made a detailed explanation as example, for the situation with a plurality of humidifying plates similarly, each humidifying plate has identical structure, it is the repetition of simple structure, how much as required the power of fuel cell pack of humidifying plate quantity determined, high-powerly use a plurality of humidifying plates, power is little can corresponding minimizing humidifying plate quantity, in addition, the size of humidifying plate is adjustable, can adjust according to the volume of concrete battery pile and area or operational environment, to adapt to different battery pile.
At first come the path of flowing through of dry air is described, dry air enters in this damping device via the dry air air admission hole 102 on the outside end plate 806, through just arriving the dry air air admission hole 307 of humidifying plate after entering after the hole corresponding with hole 102 on the damp and hot exchange membrane that is in end plate 806 inboards, the outside, herein, part dry air enters into the groove 309 in the humidifying plate lateral surface, through arriving the dry air air admission hole 306 that is positioned at this side after the heating of U-shaped water conservancy diversion humidification, after dry air air admission hole 306, pass on the damp and hot exchange membrane that is positioned at this humidifying plate inboard after the hole corresponding with hole 306, arrive the dry air venthole 503 on the lateral surface of inboard end plate, thereby enter into fuel cell pack by hole 503, a part of dry air then directly passes the dry air air inlet openings 504 on the lateral surface that hole 307 arrives inboard end plate in addition, enter the groove 508 in the lateral surface of this inboard end plate from this air inlet openings 504, arrive dry air venthole 503 after the U-shaped guiding humidification heating of this groove 508 via guide channel, the dry air after the damp and hot exchange of process that aforesaid dry air air admission hole 306 from humidifying plate is come enters into the chemical reaction that the fuel cell pack confidential reference items add battery.
The damp-heat air tail gas that the fuel cell pack reaction produces enters in this fuel battery humidifying device by the damp-heat air tail gas air admission hole 502 on the inboard end plate 802, pass on the damp and hot exchange membrane between this inboard end plate 802 and humidifying plate after the corresponding through hole, arrive the damp-heat air tail gas venthole 303 of humidifying plate, herein, part damp-heat air tail gas enters into the interior groove 407 of medial surface of this humidifying plate, arrive damp-heat air tail gas venthole 302 after the dry air humidification heating of U-shaped guiding to the other side of damp and hot exchange membrane via guide channel, arrive the damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104 of outside end plate after passing hole 302, thereby it is outside to be discharged to this damping device; A part of damp-heat air tail gas then directly passes the damp-heat air tail gas air inlet openings 105 on the damp-heat air venthole 303 arrival outside end plate medial surfaces in addition, then the groove 108 outside entering from this air inlet openings 105 in the end plate medial surface, arrive damp-heat air tail gas venthole 104 after the dry air humidification heating of U-shaped guiding to the other side of damp and hot exchange membrane via guide channel in this medial surface, thereby it is outside also to be discharged to this damping device.
Can find out from above description, the gas that the both sides of the damp and hot exchange membrane between inboard end plate 802 and humidifying plate are guided by guide channel separately is respectively dry air and damp-heat air tail gas, and the both sides of the damp and hot exchange membrane between side end panel 806 and the humidifying plate gas of being guided by guide channel separately also is respectively dry air and damp-heat air tail gas outside, and damp-heat air tail gas is realized the dry air of the other side of damp and hot exchange membrane is carried out the humidification heating by damp and hot exchange membrane.
Be appreciated that, above-mentioned damping device can invertedly use, also be about to above-mentioned outer panel as the interior plate that joins with fuel cell, and original interior plate is as outer panel, only the venthole of the air admission hole of dry air and damp-heat air tail gas need to be carried out Alternate this moment gets final product, advancing/go out then with original the same or different of hydrogen, as long as what can guarantee in a word to flow respectively in the both sides of each damp and hot power board is dry air and damp-heat air tail gas, and can guarantee dry air through can entering in the fuel cell after the damp and hot exchange, and damp-heat air tail gas can be discharged damping device and got final product after dry air being carried out the humidification heating.
And be appreciated that, the object of the invention is to so that do, humid air circulates in the groove of humidification membrane both sides, so that damp-heat air tail gas carries out the humidification heating to dry air, the above embodiments only are optimal ways of the present invention, the air admission hole of dry air air admission hole wherein and venthole and damp-heat air tail gas and venthole are not limited to above-mentioned specific position, upper and lower side such as the side that is only limited to each end plate and humidifying plate, perhaps only be positioned at the centre position of side upper and lower side or only be positioned at the position of the both sides of the edge of upper and lower side, the position can arrange flexibly, as long as can realize above-mentioned function, also be so that dried humid air trickles respectively gets final product in the both sides of damp and hot exchange membrane.Example as a variation, the upper top end face that for example air admission hole and the venthole of dried humid air can be separately positioned on end plate and humidifying plate or lower top end face, air inlet or the venthole of the dried humid air that communicates with groove in the plate separately also namely are set respectively in the upper and lower end face of two end plates respectively, can use the devices such as conduit that these holes are connected to realize dried humid air in the purpose of damp and hot exchange membrane two side flow, this also is fully understandable to those skilled in the art.In addition, air admission hole or venthole are not set, also are fine but directly use conduit that dried humid gas is introduced, this also is understandable to those skilled in the art.
The two sides periphery of humidifying plate and end plate all has seal groove, between humidifying plate, damp and hot exchange membrane, the humidifying plate and the sealing between the humidifying plate, damp and hot exchange membrane, end plate be bonded by sealing strip is added in the seal groove and with fluid sealant.Gas can only be flowed in the guide channel that designs and air vent hole.
Seal between damp and hot exchange membrane and humidifying plate and the end plate, do, humid air gas can only be in runner separately shuttling movement.The air vent hole corresponding with end plate and humidifying plate arranged on the damp and hot exchange membrane, when sandwiching end plate and humidifying plate and sealing, gas is flowed into or outflow according to corresponding air vent hole.
Damping device directly links to each other with fuel cell pack, does not have intermediate link, is directly entered fuel cell pack by the air of humidification and participates in reaction, and the damp-heat air that reaction is finished directly enters damping device, carries out damp and hot exchange with dry air.Can reduce the impact of environment like this, and make designs simplification.
Damping device be air through circulation of tail gas from humidification.Do not need to add in addition entry or other materials.The temperature and humidity of humidified gases is automatically to regulate, and need not in addition temperature-adjusting device and other servicing units.Humidified gases is by specific runner, and dry air and humid air are through the film exchanged water, and gas does not mix.The humidification amount is self-regulated, and the humidification amount is that the extent of reaction is large along with controlling of reacting, and then the humidity of tail gas strengthens, and then the humidification amount increases, and the humidity that then enters dry air has increased, and reaction is further carried out.
For example, make the damping device that power is the 60W fuel cell.To have 2 end plates of above feature, 3 humidifying plates, 4 damp and hot exchange membranes, 4 sealing strips and fluid sealant according to the following steps operation with regard to passable to a high-efficiency humidifier.The guiding gutter of humidifying plate and end plate is linear pattern or undaform, can certainly be any other shape, as long as can realize the effect of sluggish gas flow time, as shown in Figure 8.
3 humidifying plates are separated with damp and hot exchange membrane, and with sealing strip and fluid sealant damp and hot exchange membrane and humidifying plate are bonded together, be combined into the humidification part, then at humidification two ends, the inboard outside partly, add respectively damp and hot exchange membrane and end plate, same bonding with sealing strip and fluid sealant, a high-efficiency humidifier has just been finished.Itself and fuel cell pack and feeder are combined, just can be for the reacting gas humidification of fuel cell pack.
Embodiment 2
The damping device of embodiment 2 is the same with the device of embodiment 1 basically, just the mode with the turnover fuel cell pack of hydrogen changes, embodiment 2 is inserted into a hydrogen conduit in the manhole appendix of hydrogen, and hydrogen directly enters or discharge fuel cell pack by conduit.Same, can slightly changing according to the shape of conduit of the hydrogen manhole appendix of humidifying plate and end plate need not with the hydrogen manhole appendix sealing in the humidification heap, as long as the manhole appendix of hydrogen can insert gas conduit this moment.It is simple and practical that realization is put, and reduces the purpose of manufacture difficulty.
To those skilled in the art, air inlet/venthole that hydrogen is not set in above-mentioned damping device also is fully passable, but the air inlet/venthole of hydrogen is set directly on the fuel cell pack by conduit, perhaps other suitable modes, these all are understandable to those skilled in the art, also are that the air inlet/venthole of hydrogen also should not arrange by the necessary of damping device.
Claims (8)
1. fuel battery humidifying device, comprise inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806) and place inboard end plate and outside end plate between humidifying plate (803,804,805); At described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and between the described inboard end plate (802), and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and between the described outside end plate (806) has respectively damp and hot exchange membrane, one side of close fuel cell when wherein said inboard refers to this damping device and fuel cell assembling, the described outside refers to the side away from fuel cell, in the medial surface of described outside end plate (806), interior and the humidifying plate (803 of the lateral surface of inboard end plate (802), 804,805) all has groove accommodating and the damp-heat air tail gas that circulation dry air or fuel cell reaction produce in the two sides, and groove and described humidifying plate (803 in described inboard end plate (802) lateral surface, 804,805) groove of medial surface be oppositely arranged on have at least between described damp and hot exchange membrane both sides and two grooves part be overlapping crossing, described humidifying plate (803,804,805) to be oppositely arranged between described damp and hot exchange membrane both sides and this two groove with groove in described outside end plate (806) medial surface also be that it is overlapping crossing having at least partly to the groove in the lateral surface, and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) between two described grooves in the two sides by being positioned at this humidifying plate (803,804,805) base plate in the middle of is separated by and is not communicated, described inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806) and humidifying plate (803,804, the periphery of described groove 805) all has sealing device, described sealing device is with described inboard end plate (802), outside end plate (806) and damp and hot exchange membrane and humidifying plate (803,804,805) seal group is fitted together, thereby gas is circulated in described groove, described sealing device is arranged on the sealing gasket in the seal groove, sealing strip, sealing ring, perhaps fluid sealant, described damp and hot exchange membrane is miillpore filter or proton exchange membrane or amberplex, and the aperture of described damp and hot exchange membrane is 10～0.05 microns when described damp and hot exchange membrane is miillpore filter.
2. damping device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the medial surface of described outside end plate (806) is interior, the lateral surface of inboard end plate (802) is interior and humidifying plate (803,804,805) have baffler in the groove in the two sides, described baffler is divided into described groove for the guiding gutter that prolongs circulation length, sluggish velocity of liquid assets.
3. damping device according to claim 2, described guiding gutter is corrugated or rectilinear, the degree of depth of described guiding gutter is 0.5～10mm, is used for the gas that wherein circulates is carried out the U-shaped water conservancy diversion.
4. damping device according to claim 1 changes the area of described humidifying plate, to adapt to the fuel cell of different volumes and area.
5. damping device according to claim 1, wherein said humidifying plate (803,804,805) have a plurality of, described a plurality of humidifying plate (803,804,805) has identical structure, described a plurality of humidifying plate (803,804,805) be connected in series between, and described a plurality of humidifying plate (803,804,805) all has damp and hot exchange membrane between.
6. damping device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described humidifying plate (803,804, the top and bottom of side 805) all have two through holes that laterally run through described humidifying plate (302 that are arranged side by side, 303,306,307), at described humidifying plate (803,804,805) in the lateral surface, two through holes (306 of described lower end, 307) with this lateral surface in groove (309) communicate, in the medial surface of described humidifying plate (803,804,805), groove (407) in two through holes (302,303) of described upper end and this medial surface communicates;
The lower end, side of described outside end plate (806) has a fifth hole (102) that laterally runs through described outside end plate (806), described fifth hole (102) and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the lower end of side through holes (306,307) one of align, the upper end of the medial surface of described outside end plate (806) has the 6th through hole (104) that laterally runs through described outside end plate (806) that is arranged side by side and first opening (105) of spill, described the 6th through hole (104) and the first opening (105) all with described outside end plate (806) medial surface in groove (108) communicate, and described the 6th through hole (104) and the first opening (105) respectively with described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the upper end of side through holes (302,303) align; The upper end of the side of described inboard end plate (802) has the 7th through hole (502) that laterally runs through described inboard end plate (802), described the 7th through hole (502) and described humidifying plate (803,804,805) two of the upper end of side through holes (302,303) one of align, the lower end of the lateral surface of described inboard end plate (802) has the 8th through hole (503) that laterally runs through described inboard end plate that is arranged side by side and second opening (504) of spill, groove (508) in the lateral surface of described the 8th through hole (503) and the second opening (504) and described inboard end plate (802) communicates, and described the 8th through hole (503) and the second opening (504) respectively with described humidifying plate (803,804, two through holes (306,307) of the lower end of side 805) are aimed at; Described the 7th through hole (502) and the 8th through hole (503) directly respectively with fuel cell on air advance/venthole or air go out/air admission hole aligns; And on described damp and hot exchange membrane, with described humidifying plate (803,804,805) and on position corresponding to the through hole on described inboard end plate (802) and the described outside end plate (806) or opening be provided with the through hole (701-706) that laterally runs through described damp and hot exchange membrane; By above-mentioned mentioned hole and opening setting, can realize that dry air and damp-heat air tail gas can be distributed in the both sides of damp and hot exchange membrane, the wherein said direction that laterally refers to described inboard end plate (802) and described outside end plate (806) and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, a upper and lower direction in the face that refers to vertical transverse.
7. damping device according to claim 1 is characterized in that, this device also comprises the through hole (103,301,501 that is used for the hydrogen turnover that laterally runs through whole damping device that is positioned at upper end or lower end; 101,308,505), the wherein said direction that laterally refers to described inboard end plate (802) and described outside end plate (806) and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, the direction of upper and lower in the face that refers to vertical transverse.
8. damping device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the upper of described inboard end plate (802) and described outside end plate (806) or lower top end face, have two through holes that communicate with the end plate inner groovy, in the upper of described humidifying plate or lower top end face, have two through holes that the groove in the medial surface with described humidifying plate communicates, in the upper of described humidifying plate or lower top end face, also have two through holes that the groove in the lateral surface with described humidifying plate communicates, wherein laterally refer to the direction of described inboard end plate (802) and described outside end plate (806) and the stacked combination of humidifying plate, on, lower direction refers to an interior direction of face of vertical transverse.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102453690A CN101894959B (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2010-08-05 | Novel high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells |
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| CN2010102453690A CN101894959B (en) | 2010-08-05 | 2010-08-05 | Novel high-efficiency humidifier for fuel cells |
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| CN101894959B true CN101894959B (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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| CN104201405B (en) * | 2014-09-03 | 2016-06-15 | 新源动力股份有限公司 | The damp and hot Switching Module of a kind of fuel battery negative pole |
| KR101724898B1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2017-04-07 | 현대자동차주식회사 | Humidification device for fuel cell |
| CN106784929B (en) * | 2016-12-07 | 2020-04-28 | 同济大学 | Humidifier for fuel cell |
| CN110165250B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-08-14 | 沃尔特电子（苏州）有限公司 | Humidifying tank for fuel cell |
| CN110345746B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2020-07-24 | 徐州德诚饲料有限责任公司 | Water-gas separation device for concentrated feed processing |
| DE102021130728A1 (en) | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-25 | Audi Aktiengesellschaft | Fuel cell stack and fuel cell vehicle |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1477728A (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2004-02-25 | 清华大学 | Solid polymer fuel cell unit and its cell stack |
| CN1621136A (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-01 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation and usage of hollow cellulose gas humidification membrane |
| CN201237636Y (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-05-13 | 汉能科技有限公司 | Fuel cell test system |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1477728A (en) * | 2003-07-11 | 2004-02-25 | 清华大学 | Solid polymer fuel cell unit and its cell stack |
| CN1621136A (en) * | 2003-11-26 | 2005-06-01 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | Preparation and usage of hollow cellulose gas humidification membrane |
| CN201237636Y (en) * | 2008-06-23 | 2009-05-13 | 汉能科技有限公司 | Fuel cell test system |
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