CN101894683A - Cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor - Google Patents
Cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101894683A CN101894683A CN2010102112215A CN201010211221A CN101894683A CN 101894683 A CN101894683 A CN 101894683A CN 2010102112215 A CN2010102112215 A CN 2010102112215A CN 201010211221 A CN201010211221 A CN 201010211221A CN 101894683 A CN101894683 A CN 101894683A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor. The capacitor comprises a housing, wherein a body is positioned in the housing, an anode current collector is positioned in the body; the inner side of the anode current collector is coated with an amorphous silicon layer to form an anode working surface; a porous graphite inversion layer is deposited on the anode working surface; electrolyte is filled between the anode current collector and a cathode current collector in the body; the cathode current collector is positioned in the centre in the body; a wire pressing plate is embedded at the upper end of the body; a sealing head is encapsulated at the upper end of the housing; an aeration radiation plug is arranged on the sealing head; and an anode pile and a cathode pile on the sealing head are respectively connected with the anode current collector and the cathode current collector through the wire pressing plate. The cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor can more effectively obstruct the hydrated anions and fundamentally avoid anode loss, has the advantages of no anode gassing phenomenon, relatively high output power and relatively low cost and is mainly used as traction power supplies for road vehicles, power supplies for field operation, storage power supplies for renewable energy and various emergency and standby power supplies.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of capacitor.
Background technology
Known ultracapacitor (claiming electric double-layer electrolytic capacitor again) is to utilize the not anti-ionization property absorption hydration anion of capacitive (inertia) anode, thereby forms distinctive electric double layer at anode surface.This layer barrier is not based on dielectric isolation, but the load particle leans against affinely privately between positive negative electric field, and its distance only has several dusts
So be equivalent to the minimum equivalent parallel plate capacitor of die opening.Because the anode material multiselect rare expensive metal of inertia many with hole, that surface area is very big and oxide ceramics (dimensional stable anode) thereof even added active carbon are so capacitance (is edited Zhejiang science tech publishing house version in 1998 referring to " electronic devices and components are selected complete works for use " Cui Tiren) very greatly.But because of electrolyte solution all participates in electrochemical reaction at yin, yang the two poles of the earth, liberation of hydrogen arranged during charging, analyse gas such as oxygen and separate out phenomenon (it is particularly serious that negative electrode is analysed oxygen during discharge) and take place, and anode constantly there is the electronics infusion.So electrode potential is very low, power output is also less.Its cost is high.
Summary of the invention
Take place in order to overcome known capacitor anode gassing phenomenon, anode constantly has the electronics infusion, so the defective that electrode potential is very low, power output is also less, its cost is high, the invention provides a kind of cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor, this super fake capacitance does not have anode gassing phenomenon to be taken place and the electronics infusion, power output is bigger, and cost is lower.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: this capacitor comprises shell, body is positioned at shell, anode collector is positioned at body, the anode collector inboard is coated with amorphous silicon layer as the anode working face, deposit the porous graphite inversion layer on the anode working face again, the electrolyte filling is between body inner anode collector and cathode current collector, cathode current collector is positioned at the body center, tension disc is embedded in the body upper end, the shell upper end is packaged with end socket, dredge gas heat radiation plug and be arranged on the end socket, the anode stake on the end socket links to each other with cathode current collector with anode collector respectively by tension disc with the negative electrode stake.
The slot that cathode current collector of the present invention and anode collector are close to body interior embeds, and seals admittedly with epoxy resin, guarantees that anode collector does not contact with electrolyte.Inject supersaturation electrolyte concentrated solution, sneak into buffer and fully stirring in right amount, appropriateness is added ethylene glycol anti frozen liquid used as stabilizers to improve the low temperature serviceability again.Jam-pack filter gas molecule plug is with the epoxy resin sealing of keeping to the edge.Pack in packing cavity antivibration, insulation filler embed tension disc, cover silica gel absorber, compacting end socket, the stake of spinning cathode and anode.Be encapsulated in the shell with electric resistance welding or expansion bolt (being suitable for the steel construction shell).
The present invention expands annode area with the double anode structure, the compression anode-cathode distance.Utilization anode collector evenly be covered thin layer not the capacitive compact medium suppress anode and participate in electrode reaction and the lifting anode potential as working face.Mainly be that the body of electrolysis is the structure at center during with the ionization dialysis of when charging, discharge.So anode collector and the equal non-activity of cathode current collector, only anode working face and cathode current collector are immersed in the electrolyte, and the anode current collector face does not contact with electrolyte, so can effectively prevent anodic solution.The supersaturation electrolyte solution that contains anti frozen liquid, filling is in the reactive tank that negative and positive the two poles of the earth surround.Filter gas molecule plug is pressed close to liquid level and is installed.Behind the jam-pack with the epoxy resin sealing of keeping to the edge, so can guarantee the equal ne-leakage of arbitrary orientation.Filling antivibration, insulation foamed plastic are made lining in the packing cavity, also make electrolyte that its electro-chemical activity of enough temperature maintenance is arranged to guarantee that the anode working face is avoided vibrating.Embedded tension disc can guarantee that bus-bar and collector electrically contact well, and helps quick assembling.Cover the silica gel absorption filler in the air chamber and can effectively place restrictions on moisture and ammonia and run off and flow freely,, hold concurrently to fill and do the interim liquid pool of standing for a long while, be more conducive to ammonia and water is recycled utilization with extreme compression air chamber space.Thin gas heat radiation plug on the end socket is for preventing the too high safety device that is provided with of air chamber internal pressure (quantity is set is at least 1), the aeration-cooling double action of having held concurrently, and its passage aperture must not be less than 3 millimeters.The compacting end socket is inserted runback temperature control insurance, spinning cathode and anode terminal.Be encapsulated in the guard shield with electric resistance welding or expansion bolt (being applicable to the steel construction shell).
The working face of anode collector is on highly purified metallic copper, heavily mix up the hydrogeneous or fluorine-containing amorphous silicon of N type with what the about 1um of a bed thickness of glow discharge vapour deposition process lining added pentavalent donor element (or adopting thermal neutron transmuting technology to mix up), make the great Schottky barrier of formation junction area.The amount of mixing up is (as the low amount of mixing up 1x10
12Atom/cm
3About 6K Ω, 6x10
12Atom/cm
3About 1K Ω generally requires the resistance should be as far as possible little) look the withstand voltage demand of barrier layer and take the circumstances into consideration to grasp.For extremely expanding anode surface area, one deck porous graphite inversion layer again can be again be covered on it.Do not make anode current collector face contact electrolyte during installation.
As the transducing media, electrolyte solution is unique chemically reactive substance.For suppressing aerogenesis, promote circulation, regulate the electrolyte solution acid-base value automatically, preventing the electrode hot corrosion, preferentially select sulfuric acid cuprammonium (molecular weight about 228) concentrated solution for use, the base surplus that liberation of hydrogen is caused when adding a small amount of silicic acid in case of necessity and making buffer and overcharge with neutralization, mix an amount of anti frozen liquid ethylene glycol improving the low temperature serviceability, and prevent electrolyte freezing and expansion under the low temperature environment.Electrolyte is supersaturated solution, and electrolytical consumption is very big, must reserve enough thermal storages.
The equal non-activity of cathode and anode collector of the present invention and all can select common conduction non-ferrous metal copper for use or aluminium (the unavailable silver of anode is because of silver ion can move in company with electronics).The anode working face is with one deck of vapour deposition lining capacitive compact medium not, cathode electronics then with hydrated metal cation in and blanking.Its energy storage mode saves as the master with chemistry, is aided with the static storage, thereby has highly merged the advantage of electrostatic condenser and chemical secondary cell.
The electrochemical reaction that the present invention fully suppresses on the anode is come remarkable lifting anode potential, thereby obtains extraordinary capacitance.Ingenious and avoided anode to analyse energy loss and the depolarising influence that oxygen causes effectively, also extremely placed restrictions on cathode hydrogen evolution simultaneously, and remained electrolyte and be neutral, so the overcharging resisting ability is stronger.
Capacitor electrode kinetic potential of the present invention higher (being similar to the conventional electrostatic capacitor).And broken through between pole plate effectively over against area and anode-cathode distance the bottleneck of capacitance restriction, effectively use capacity big.There is not orientation, non-maintaining.Charging is discharged steadily rapidly.
Advantage of the present invention: safety is uprising can be with reference to chemical secondary cell standard criterion.Monomer electromotive force height has avoided series connection to use the capacity that is caused to lose.Self-discharge is few, and charged period of storage obviously prolongs, the resource utilization height.Charging rapidly, discharge steadily, it is many to charge and discharge cycle-index, electrode is several lossless, long service life follows equipment lifelong.There is not the current potential memory phenomenon, the filter of no capacity loss.Owe electricity also unlikely damage for a long time, anti-overcharge measure is perfect, and radiating condition is better.Nontoxic in production and the use, evil flue dust gaseous emission, heavy metal free pollutes.Process equipment is simple, raw material abundance, low production cost, cycle weak point.
The not capacitive compact medium of taking deposit electronic isolation on anode is as working face, with abundant inhibition anode reaction.Thereby can more effectively intercept the hydration anion, fundamentally stopped anode loss, and easily assembled electric double layer, significantly the lifting anode potential.Hydrated metal cation then absorbs electronics and blanking at cathode surface.So equal non-activity of cathode and anode collector and all can select common conduction non-ferrous metal copper or aluminium for use.Promptly improve charged storage, reduced production cost again.No anode gassing phenomenon takes place and the electronics infusion, and power output is bigger, and cost is lower.Mainly as the traction power source of ground road vehicle, the electrical source of power of field work, the storage power supply of the renewable energy resources, all kinds of emergent, stand-by power supplies, and special use occasion stock power supply etc.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of one embodiment of the present of invention.
Body construction schematic diagram among Fig. 2 Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view of Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the tension disc structural representation among Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is the B-B cutaway view of Fig. 4.
1. negative electrode stakes among the figure, 2. air chamber, 3. dredge gas heat radiation plug, 4. tension disc, 5. anode stake, 6. end socket, 7. filter gas molecule plug, 8. the anode working face, 9. anode collector, 10. body, 11. packing cavities, 12. runback temperature controls insurance, 13. cathode current collectors, 14. reactive tanks, 15. shells, 16. anode slots, 17. negative electrode slots, 18. negative electrodes are crossed liquid beam, 19. anode bus-bars, 20. ventilations dispel the heat windows, 21. negative electrode bus-bars.
Embodiment
In Fig. 1, body 10 is positioned at shell 15, anode collector 9 is positioned at body 10, anode collector 9 inboards are coated with amorphous silicon layer as anode working face 8, the electrolyte filling is between body 10 inner anode collectors 9 and cathode current collector 13, and electrolyte is supersaturation sulfuric acid cuprammonium electrolyte or copper cyanider electrolyte.Cathode current collector 13 is positioned at body 10 centers, tension disc 4 is embedded in body 10 upper ends, shell 15 upper ends are packaged with end socket 6, dredge gas heat radiation plug 3 and are arranged on the end socket 6, and the anode stake 5 on the end socket 6 links to each other with cathode current collector 13 with anode collector 9 respectively by tension disc 4 with negative electrode stake 1.
Operation principle:
During charging, external electric field is transported to the free electron in the anode collector 9 on the cathode current collector 13.Have chemically active electrolyte solution and be ionized (be used to explain cyanide and do not have the cyanogen enveloping agent solution) hydrolysis, hydrated ion moves to the two poles of the earth one after another.The activity of hydration copper ion is low than hydrogen ion and hydration ammonium radical ion, and it is strong to accept electronic capability, is reduced into simple substance at the negative electrode electron gain and separates out, and is adsorbed on cathode surface.The chemical energy of electrolyte (activity) is married again to negative electrode and is stored.Because of Schottky barrier diode adds forward bias, the attenuation of potential barrier barrier layer continues conducting until exhausting, simultaneously, the barrier layer is gradually to liquid level drift and progressively accumulation, set up new back-biased inversion layer jointly with hydration anion in the electrolyte, make anode collector and hydration anion keep partly accepting and partly rejecting subtle relations.Free electron in the anode collector copper is repelled by electrostatic force and just is transported to the negative electrode blanking continuously, and anode potential raises steadily.Intercepted by anode working surface semiconductor material, the hydration anion can't pass through, and can not be reduced (more being difficult to lose electronics than afflux face base metal) again, just becomes counterfeit negative electrode in the anode region enrichment.Thereby form fake capacitance storage electrostatic energy at the interface at electrolyte and anode working face.The heat energy that electrode reaction produced (electrolysis heat) increases electrolyte rising temperature for dissolving degree and employs thermal storage, so that more hydration anion to be provided.
During discharge, the hydration anion on the fake capacitance is attempted to detour and is followed external circuit and reach anode charge neutrality takes place with it, drives at electric field force and assigns negative electrode and intercepted.Copper on the negative electrode is oxidized to and enters electrolyte after copper ion provides electronics, recombines into ammoniacal copper complex ion, and the chemical energy that stores is returned electrolyte.The electronics that provides follows external circuit and reaches anode, discharges recombination energy (electric energy) in load.
Electro-chemical reaction equations related to the present invention:
Inert anode gas phase analysis in the water-soluble electrolyte:
Whether gassing when inert anode was worked in water-soluble electrolyte, depends primarily on anode collector area of base and anode-cathode distance (comprising the analogous pole distance).As in electrometallurgy,, often use inert conductor to do anode for metal ion in the electrolyte that will flow dissociates out.Though the ripple metallic conductor more alive that links to each other with inert anode also easily loses electronics,, then mainly show as the hydration anion in the anode reaction and lose electronics and be reduced, so the gassing phenomenon is obvious because of minimum with the contact area of electrolyte.And among this embodiment, because of the live effective area of ripple metal of substrate is very big, and analogous pole is apart from minimum (only having several dusts) again, so anode betatopic phenomenon has comparative advantage, anode potential is also higher.
The hydrogen consumption analysis of electrolyte:
It is less relatively to use copper sulphate to do the capacitor volume of electrolyte, but can follow a large amount of hydrogen to separate out during work.The hydrogen of free state is " naughty " very, can poke one's nose everywhere, also danger close.To cause electrolyte moisture to run off in a large number when serious, internal resistance increases.Blast even!
In theory, the activity ratio hydrogen because of the hydration copper ion during charging is low, and the electronics that is easy to get is in the cathodic electricity dialysis.Along with going deep into of charging, the hydration copper ion concentration reduces gradually in the electrolyte.Negative electrode will liberation of hydrogen when overcharging.
Just follow separating out of hydrogen when in fact, charging begins to carry out simultaneously.Along with going deep into of charging, the negative electrode bubble is intensive gradually to transfer bigger bubble then to, just can seethe with excitement subsequently.Because overflowing of hydrogen destroyed the ionization equilibrium of water, the pH value of solution raises, and makes electrolyte show slightly alkalescence.Its corrosivity of alkali lye of heat then can not be ignored!
Conclusion:
If use the electric liquid of cyanide (or other no cyanogen complexing agent), situation will be clearly better.Because of the degree of ionization of cyanide is always very little, electrode reaction is unlikely too violent.The acidity of hydrogen cyanide is very faint again, even temperature is very high, its corrosivity is also little.This is most important to guard electrode, guaranteed capacity.Though containing cyanogen electricity liquid, use diminishes professional ethics, the feasible scheme of really still can yet be regarded as.
If the no cyanogen electricity of opinion liquid is when first-elected sulfuric acid cuprammonium.Because of the degree of ionization of ammoniacal copper complex ion also very little, residue after central ion copper is reduced is ammonium sulfate and ammoniacal liquor (say definitely to should be hydration sulfate radical and a hydration ammonia, be neutrality alkali slightly partially), and discharges two bases, it is acid that the hydrolysate of ammonium sulfate then shows, just neutralization with it.Promptly limited liberation of hydrogen, solved hot corrosion again, this is to keeping moisture and quick charge very favourable, but big electric current also liberation of hydrogen in a large number when overcharging.Unique shortcoming is exactly the molecular weight big (about 228) of sulfuric acid cuprammonium, and as the capacitor of 50 ampere-hours (Ah) 500 gram (the about 2 gram equivalents) electrolyte of almost will using up, the electrolytical consumption of unit capacity is more.And the molecular weight of copper sulphate only is 160, is about 2/3 consumption of sulfuric acid cuprammonium.
Circulate electrolyte in the charge and discharge process:
1. when ammonia was circulated throughout the electrolysis of copper/saturated copper sulphate ammonia solution, the residue that copper is separated out in the solution of back was ammonium sulfate, ammoniacal liquor and base.When overcharging, the ammonium sulfate electrolysis generates hydration sulfate radical, hydration ammonium root and hydrogen ion and base and part and is combined into ammoniacal liquor and shows acid.The hydration ammonium ion gets electronics at negative electrode and is restored hydrogen and desires to overflow ammonia.In view of ammonia solubility very big, the about solubilized 700 volume ammonias of 1 volume water during normal temperature.Ammonia is dissolved in the water generates negative pressure and forms a hydration ammonia, decomposes the back and discharges base, is reduced into ammonium sulfate with acid group chemical combination afterwards, finishes the ammonia circulation, is neutral so keep electrolyte all the time.This is very favourable to maintenance moisture and quick charge, both special overcharging resisting.In addition, along with electrolyte temperature raises, the part ammonia overflows from solution, sees through filter gas molecule plug and is silica gel absorber absorption, and meeting with steam is combined into ammoniacal liquor again.Cooled off by dredging the extraneous cold air that contains Trace Water Vapor of gas heat radiation plug suction, and can not sucked electrolyte, but instead retracted by the hyperosmosis of electrolyte and negative pressure.
2. electric current raise its temperature by electrolyte solution when boiler water circulation was charged, and followed liquid surface evaporation can produce a large amount of water vapours.Steam passes filter gas molecule plug and is silica gel absorber absorption.When vapour pressure was too high, small part was overflowed through dredging gas heat radiation plug, and all the other are cooling liquid then, and was pulled electrolyte finishes boiler water circulation under the osmotic pressure effect.But liquid hydrone can not lose by filter gas molecule plug flow under surface tension and electrolyte negative pressure (producing when being dissolved by ammonia) effect.
3. during the copper ion cycle charging, the ionization of copper sulphate ammonia spirit goes out a small amount of central copper ion, and at the negative electrode electron gain electro-deposition takes place.The ionization equilibrium of ammoniacal copper complex ion is broken, and constantly has elemental copper to separate out at negative electrode, causes negative electrode and stores and the electrolyte chemism married again.In view of its metal activity of copper of negative electrode dialysis is positioned at after the hydrogen, after relatively leaning on, the ability that provides electronics is low.Be difficult to ionization than hydrogen and hydration ammonium radical ion when unloaded, show inertia, so also work the self-discharge effect that delays.During discharge, the elemental copper on the negative electrode is oxidized to divalence hydration copper ion and dissolving constantly enters electrolyte, the chemical energy that stores is returned electrolyte and is recombined into ammoniacal copper complex ion, thereby realize the copper ion circulation.
4. during hydration anion cycle charging, the hydration anion transport is to anode.Because of Schottky barrier diode is in forward bias, makes the barrier layer attenuation and help keeping little die opening.Being subjected to semi-conducting material to intercept the hydration anion can not pass through, and but can deprive free electron in the anode collector copper by it, and is transported to negative electrode through external electric field and makes it become dried lotus cation.Anode potential raises, and hydration anion self does not then participate in electrochemical reaction and more can not analyse oxygen.Thereby form fake capacitance at the interface at electrolyte and anode working face and store electrostatic energy.During discharge, the hydration anion on the counterfeit negative electrode is attempted to detour and is followed external circuit and reach anode charge neutrality takes place with it, drives at electric field force and assigns negative electrode and intercepted.Copper on the negative electrode is oxidized to and enters electrolyte after copper ion provides electronics, recombines into ammoniacal copper complex ion.And hydration anion self does not participate in electrode reaction yet, is just carrying out electromigration at yin, yang two interpolars.
Electrode polarization and potentiometric analysis:
During charging, on the anode transport speed of free electron obviously greater than on negative electrode with the blanking speed of copper ion.Cause the cathode electronics excess phenomenon, negative electrode is polarized.The existing electrochemical polarization factor of this polarization also has the concentration polarization factor to exist.Electronics surplus on the negative electrode forms back electromotive force and stops charging current, causes terminal potential soaring.So between charge period, the potential difference between cathode and anode can be apparently higher than normal working voltage, and it is bigger more to close on charging end of a period difference.During the design auto stabilizing charger, can select the charging termination reference potential of comparator/operational amplifier according to this phenomenon.
During discharge, the speed of cathode electronics transhipment equally also is higher than the anionic migration velocity of counterfeit negative electrode.Make cathodic depolarization speed be higher than polarization speed, cathode potential slightly descends.Cause that potential difference slightly descends between cathode and anode.Along with depth of discharge increases, this phenomenon is outstanding further.In addition, two interpolar ends are pressed also closely related with the load size.Load is big more, and the end drops is obvious more.
Recommend the ground road vehicle power management way of use:
The end of capacitor output of the present invention is pressed higher, and capacity is also very big.The bright capacitor of one 48 volts (V) 5000 ampere-hours (Ah) for example, be in 6 minutes full charge,
5000 (A) X60 (branch)/6=50000 (A) 48 (V) X50000 (A) ≈ 2500000 (W) just need 50000 amperes charging current! Charging device with 2500 kilowatts! This is unrealistic really, more can not accomplish.If adopt the way that breaks the whole up into parts, it is actual more to fit, and also is easy to many.
The recommendation measure:
1. unified quota is exactly to require power supply manufacturer and vehicle production producer to consult, and accomplishes unified specification, unified size and unified standard.For example, the capacitor of light-duty electric car unified 48 volts of (V) 100 ampere-hours of adapted of series in ground (Ah).Difference on the capacity only depends on that the many of discharge capacitor number of containers are with few.By the automatic switch-over circuit of vehicle interior, order is switched the use power supply.
2. valuation management vehicle charging is also refueled similar with fuel vehicle.Only fill weary power supply, need fill several clients and decide voluntarily.
And for example, the capacitor of every 48 volts (V) 100 ampere-hours (Ah), each charging only needs 6 minutes.As long as and 3 capacitors charge simultaneously, also only 6 minutes.Fill several capacitors and pay several money.Rapidly, safety, without any confusion, in perfect order.
3. fault excludes existing fault capacitor, a loss capacity and do not influence work.In using, find power failure, only need reject or change the fault capacitor and can get rid of.
The electromotive force of cell and the relation of capacity:
The capacity and the discharging current of battery are closely related.Discharge current density is littler, and loss is lower.Under the constant situation of internal resistance, its apparent reserves equal the product of cell emf and discharge current density and discharge time.Keep certain discharge power, the electromotive force of battery is high more, and then discharging current is just more little, and loss is also few more.Its energy of emitting is also just more near the apparent reserves.According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis, any material that every generation on the electrode (or consumption) is 1 gram equivalent, the electric weight of required (or generation) is 96520 coulombs, is roughly equal to 26.8 ampere-hours.So, for the entrained electric weight of battery of 32 volts of 20 ampere-hours, just also suitable with 16 volts 60 ampere-hour volume of battery.If the former is together in series and keep 10 amperes current density, equally with 60 volt-amperes power discharge.The former only can keep discharge 2 hours, then sustainable discharge of the latter 6 hours.This shows that after the electromotive force lifting of cell, under the volume of battery situation identical with entrained electric weight, actual capacity of emitting is high.Described situation why occurs, can fully discharge because of available capacity in fact.Therefore, improving the electromotive force of cell, is to expand the simplest and the most direct and valid approach of battery capacity.
Commercial 24 ampere-hour sample capacitor Secondary Design embodiments
1. structural design
1. security strategy: because of the anti-outside violence ability of capacitor relatively poor, such as not tolerating extruding, dashing strong external force damages such as (hitting) hits, puncture.Especially the internal short-circuit that puncture causes to external force is very responsive, and the adhesion layer of the anode working face utmost point again is afraid of vibration.So shell protection is very important.Owing to select to do protection during the planning structural design, make the very easy of security protection change on the contrary with guard shield.So suffer the destructive testing of external force accidental injury, only must get final product at guard shield merely, and needn't do the finished product test.But the concussion tolerance test must be finished with finished product.
2. design principle:, intend about 2.8 ampere-hours of idle capacity for requiring 3 hour rate discharge capacities to be not less than the capacitor of 24 ampere-hours.According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis, only needing 1 gram equivalent electrolyte to participate in electrochemical reaction fully can meet design requirement.1 gram equivalent sulfuric acid cuprammonium heavily about 228 restrains, and appends 15% the necessary thermal storage of electrolyte do again, round numbers 250 grams.Because what electrolyte used is supersaturated solution, and the solubility of sulfuric acid cuprammonium is a variable, lets it go, and the solubility proportioning when probably pressing concentration 40% with 85% medicine is added distilled water and got final product.Serviceability temperature can satisfy general requirement by-20～40 ℃, so also must add the ethylene glycol preparation that accounts for water capacity about 20% in the electrolyte.As for swelling agent,, put aside use because objectionable impurities constituent contents such as iron ion are higher.The shared volume of the battery lead plate of shooting off, total is tried to achieve the electrolyte total capacity and is about 500 milliliters, promptly can be used as the design considerations of capacitor reactive tank volume.
3. design: 24 ampere-hour capacitor specifications see Table 1-1
The capacitor body wall thickness gets 2.5
± 0.2Mm, bottom thickness 2
± 0.2Mm, material is selected the injection mo(u)lding of high temperature resistant thermosetting engineering plastics ABS for use.Guard shield wall thickness 4
± 0.2Mm, material ABS composite material.Add strongly-typed: charcoal fiber and or Fypro enhancing net.The anode and cathode terminals material: diameter is not less than 8 millimeters red copper matter bolt.Tension disc thickness 6
± 0.2Mm, material ABS, external dimensions: long 143
± 0.5Mm, wide by 89
± 0.5Mm.Seal head material ABS composite material, installation dimension: height 18
± 0.2Mm, search speed 6
± 0.2Mm, lap-joint's wall thickness 2.5
± 0.2Mm, limit wall thickness 10
± 0.2Mm, upper wall thickness 4
± 0.2Mm, air chamber height 8
± 0.2Mm.The shell packing forms: adhering with epoxy resin, stablized in 24 hours through the room temperature cure under pressure.Antivibration, insulation filler material: packing is used foamed plastics, and its profile specification sees Table 1-2.Fitting-type: movingly, package size sees Table 1-3.
4. design standard: specified end is pressed 48 volts (48 volts of operating voltages), 52 volts of charger direct voltages, 250 amperes of charging currents, current density 1.5A/Cm
2Minimum charging interval (min) 〉=6 minute.Allow to use 60 volts of charger chargings of 48 volts of lead acid accumulator direct currents (56 volts of operating voltages).3 hour rate rated capacity C3 〉=24 ampere-hours, 3 hour rate nominal discharge current I
3〉=8 amperes, nominal operation ambient temperature-20～40 ℃.Sheathing material ABS engineering plastics add fortifying fibre.
5. designing requirement: be suitable for electric road vehicle lead acid accumulator national standard.End of charge voltage is higher than 51 volts, allows tolerance to overcharge the time greater than 4 minutes.Discharge and recharge ability to accept first class.Final discharging voltage and charge and discharge cycle-index and have not a particular requirement allows zero charged storage.Clean the charged annual loss dead electricity of dry room temperature environment amount and be not more than 5%.
According to the reliability design requirement, for there being the external force resistance damage to require, the coefficient of safety of guard shield should multiply by 9.Use material can select to be suitable for steel.
2. raw material are collected and feedstock production
1. electrode preparation anode material: consult customization with semiconductor manufacturer.Cathode material: provide thick pure aluminum plate of 2mm or water conservancy diversion row for oneself, press the required size blanking.The electroplating surface fine copper, thickness of coating 0.5mm, top margin is electroplated the 0.5mm fine silver, and it is standby that last milling machine mills long position coating.
2. adhesive material prescription: 0164 epoxy resin 100g, 669 reactive diluent 6g, triethylene tetramine 4g, 650 polyamide 6 g, toluene 1g, preparation before using.The stick that overflows can dip in ethanol with cotton yarn and wipe examination.The room temperature pressurization was solidified in 24 hours.
3. electrolyte is concocted in the preparation of electrolyte: (1) constantly stirs heated high-purity dense (98%) sulfuric acid in the evaporating dish with the fine copper rod in ventilating kitchen, make high purity copper sulfate.Slowly filling distilled water diluting and stirring.Splash into the concentrated ammonia liquor of new preparation in the liquid and stir, closely neutral to pH value.After drying, evaporation promptly gets high purity copper sulfate ammonia.(2) add running water preparation copper sulphate (mixture that impurity content is higher) solution with cupric sulfate pentahydrate (cheap low-purity agricultural chemicals blue stone), add an amount of aluminium hydroxide or NaOH and stirring, left standstill 5～10 minutes, and obtained Kocide SD (containing impurity such as the magnesium hydroxide of volume and calcium hydroxide) sediment after the filtration.Wash repeatedly with distilled water and to remove acid group, then sediment is dissolved in commercially available 28% the pure ammoniacal liquor of analysis, further reaction makes the hydroxide cuprammonium.Filter the filtering sediment repeatedly, the weak solution (concentration about 50%) that adds bright sulfur acid again in filtrate fully can obtain highly purified copper sulphate ammonia solution in reaction back (being neutral to pH value).
Preparation electrolyte: by proportioning shown in the table 1-1, mix in large beaker and stirring, it is standby to make electrolyte solution.If the chemical industry shop has high-purity (analyzing pure) sulfuric acid cuprammonium to sell, then can purchase medicinal concentrated ammonia liquor preparation in local pharmaceuticals.
4. the preparation of molecule plug is prepared the clinoptilolite of capacity and is broken into powder, gets zeolite powder 200g, adds polytetrafluoroethylene dispersant (liquid) 25g, with sodium silicate liquid and the even plastic that makes into, in mold, be pressed into green compact, blow typing with the saturated vapours stream of ammoniacal liquor then, get final product to such an extent that the aperture is slightly larger than
Ventilative without leakage filter gas molecule plug.If material shortage then can be consulted customization with the fishing gear merchant.
5. 250A runback temperature control insurance and manufacturer consult customization.
6. injection moulded containers and accessory moulding can be consulted customization with local injection moulding merchant.
7. processing can be made or customize to other terminals by oneself.Automatic charger can be consulted customization with relevant manufacturer.
7. prepare silica gel absorber and in sodium silicate solution, add hydrochloric acid, generate the precipitation of silicic acid.The taking-up sediment reduces pressure in round-bottomed flask and is heated to 300 ℃ of evaporations (steam discharge evaporation), promptly gets mesh structural porous silica gel.Its main component is for containing the silicon dioxide of 4% water approximately.The purity of bubble flower alkali is spent the requirement of alkali material purity according to colloid storage battery with bubble.
3. the finished product sampling inspection is suitable for electric road vehicle lead acid accumulator national standard.
1. forbid the overcurrent charging.Any situation discharging current never allows greater than 1/3 specified charging current.
2. be strictly on guard against that electric current passes through human body, in order to avoid get an electric shock.
When 3. assembling, the error on the short transverse should reduce as far as possible, electrically contacts reliable with assurance.All the other positions are if the fit-up gap is excessive, but the infusion epoxy resin stick is eliminated.
4. the anode slot in the capacitor body should be got movingly, damages anode in order to avoid assemble tension.The then desirable interference fits of negative electrode slot is to dwindle deviation as far as possible.
5. electric road vehicle uses the lead acid accumulator national standard referring to (" battery industry commercial affairs yearbook " 2006～2007).
6. electrolyte concocting method (1) is simpler, but because of a large amount of sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions atmosphere pollutions are arranged, so suitable choosing method (2).
Claims (1)
1. cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor, this capacitor comprises shell, body is positioned at shell, anode collector is positioned at body, the electrolyte filling is between body inner anode collector and cathode current collector, it is characterized in that the anode collector inboard is coated with amorphous silicon layer as the anode working face, deposit the porous graphite inversion layer on the anode working face again, cathode current collector is positioned at the body center, tension disc is embedded in the body upper end, the shell upper end is packaged with end socket, dredges gas heat radiation plug and is arranged on the end socket, and the anode stake on the end socket links to each other with cathode current collector with anode collector respectively by tension disc with the negative electrode stake.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102112215A CN101894683B (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2010-06-24 | Cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102112215A CN101894683B (en) | 2010-06-24 | 2010-06-24 | Cathode blanked non-inert anode super pseudo-capacitor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101894683A true CN101894683A (en) | 2010-11-24 |
| CN101894683B CN101894683B (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2445448Y (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2001-08-29 | 徐广利 | Large-area high-discharge-rate mercury-free zinc-manganese battery |
| CN101271773A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2008-09-24 | 清华大学 | Composite super capacitor based on cobalt oxide and ruthenium oxide and its manufacture process |
| US20090214899A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | Cymbet Corporation | Battery layout incorporating full metal edge seal |
| CN101582334A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2009-11-18 | 清华大学 | Supercapacitor based on active carbon electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101697323A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-04-21 | 中国海洋大学 | Electrochemically modified graphite electrode |
| CN101740810A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-06-16 | 索尼株式会社 | Secondary battery and anode |
-
2010
- 2010-06-24 CN CN2010102112215A patent/CN101894683B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2445448Y (en) * | 2000-08-08 | 2001-08-29 | 徐广利 | Large-area high-discharge-rate mercury-free zinc-manganese battery |
| US20090214899A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2009-08-27 | Cymbet Corporation | Battery layout incorporating full metal edge seal |
| CN101271773A (en) * | 2008-05-19 | 2008-09-24 | 清华大学 | Composite super capacitor based on cobalt oxide and ruthenium oxide and its manufacture process |
| CN101740810A (en) * | 2008-11-14 | 2010-06-16 | 索尼株式会社 | Secondary battery and anode |
| CN101582334A (en) * | 2009-06-08 | 2009-11-18 | 清华大学 | Supercapacitor based on active carbon electrode and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN101697323A (en) * | 2009-10-26 | 2010-04-21 | 中国海洋大学 | Electrochemically modified graphite electrode |
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| CN101894683B (en) | 2012-06-13 |
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