CN101886407B - 地面作业工具系统 - Google Patents
地面作业工具系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101886407B CN101886407B CN201010230257.8A CN201010230257A CN101886407B CN 101886407 B CN101886407 B CN 101886407B CN 201010230257 A CN201010230257 A CN 201010230257A CN 101886407 B CN101886407 B CN 101886407B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
- E02F9/2833—Retaining means, e.g. pins
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
- E02F9/2825—Mountings therefor using adapters
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2816—Mountings therefor
- E02F9/2833—Retaining means, e.g. pins
- E02F9/2841—Retaining means, e.g. pins resilient
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2808—Teeth
- E02F9/2858—Teeth characterised by shape
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F9/00—Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
- E02F9/28—Small metalwork for digging elements, e.g. teeth scraper bits
- E02F9/2891—Tools for assembling or disassembling
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F16B—DEVICES FOR FASTENING OR SECURING CONSTRUCTIONAL ELEMENTS OR MACHINE PARTS TOGETHER, e.g. NAILS, BOLTS, CIRCLIPS, CLAMPS, CLIPS OR WEDGES; JOINTS OR JOINTING
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- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/70—Interfitted members
- Y10T403/7062—Clamped members
- Y10T403/7064—Clamped members by wedge or cam
- Y10T403/7066—Clamped members by wedge or cam having actuator
- Y10T403/7067—Threaded actuator
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- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种地面作业工具系统。该地面作业工具系统包括例如末端的地面作业工具(40)、安装到作业工具或者作业工具的一部分的适配器(10)和转动的锁构件(20)。地面作业工具连接到适配器,并且适配器的柱部分滑动到设置在锁上的槽(21)中。转动锁从而进入槽中的入口被阻塞并且柱不能滑出槽。处于该位置的锁是位于锁定位置,柱保持在锁的槽中使得地面作业工具保持到适配器。
Description
本申请是申请日为2007年8月16日、国际申请号为:PCT/US2007/018030、国家申请号为:200780038558.7、名称为“地面作业工具系统”的进入中国国家阶段的国际申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种地面作业工具,更具体地,涉及用于将地面作业工具保持在铲斗、刮铲和其它作业工具上的系统。
背景技术
很多建筑和采矿机器,例如挖土机、轮式装载机、液压矿铲、电缆铲、斗轮和拉铲挖掘机使用铲斗将材料从土中挖出。铲斗可能经受来自挖掘过程中经历的磨擦和冲击的极度磨损。其它建筑和采矿机器,例如推土机也包括用来移动土和石头等材料的刮铲或者其它工具。这些刮铲和其它工具也可能经受由于磨擦和其它耐磨机构的极度磨损。
铲斗和刮铲以及其它土作业工具可以通过包括地面作业工具(GET)来保护而不受磨损。GET通常被形成为齿、护边器和其它部件,它们在最具破坏性的磨擦和冲击发生的区域连接到铲斗或刮铲上。例如,铲斗的切削刃可以用环绕并保护该边缘的护边器来保护。
因此,GET的一个目的是用作耐磨材料并且承受否则会发生在铲斗、刮铲或其它工具上的磨损。当GET已经磨损时可以将其去掉并用合理成本的新的GET来更换以继续保护铲斗。用于拉铲挖掘机和液压挖掘机的大铲斗的成本是相当可观的,因此保护它们免受磨损并且及早更换是很重要的。与磨损并更换整个铲斗相比,磨损并更换GET更加经济。
除了保护免受磨损的目的之外,GET的另一个目的可以是提供更加有效的挖掘。例如,安装在铲斗的边缘上的齿可以允许铲斗刺入土壤或石头中并且更加省力地进行更有效的挖掘。
已经提出和使用了用于将GET可拆卸地连接到铲斗和其它工具上的很多系统。这些系统通常提供使GET保持到铲斗或其它工具上的销或其它紧固件。这些已知的系统存在很多问题和缺点。例如,在有些条件下,由于生锈或由于其它材料进入销周围的空间并造成束缚或粘连,销会卡在GET内。作为一些已知的连接系统的缺点的另一个例子,有些系统需要锤子来敲进销或其它紧固件。对于大的GET系统,敲进销所需的锤子可能同样非常大,并且在困难的场地条件下挥动这样大的锤子是令技术人员反感的。
销或者其它紧固件必须是非常安全可靠的并且不允许GET从铲斗或者其它作业工具上脱落,即使在GET大范围磨损时。如果GET从铲斗或者刮铲上脱落,它会进入压碎机或其它加工机器并造成损害。如果GET无意中从铲斗脱落,也可能发生其它问题,包括当GET脱落时留下的铲斗的无保护的暴露区域在该问题被察觉到并补救之前发生的广泛磨损。现有技术中的GET连接系统并不能总是充分可靠地将GET保持到铲斗或其它作业工具上。
总之,现有技术的GET连接系统还有改进的空间。本发明提供这些改进。
附图说明
图1至3是表示根据本发明原理的GET连接系统的示意性装配图。其中,在图1中,柱(通常连接到适配器)滑动到锁的槽中,该锁与末端接合;在图2中,柱接合在槽中;并且在图3中,锁转动到锁定位置。
图4是第一实施方式的末端、锁定保持器和锁以及它们可以装配到一起的方式的视图;
图5是根据图4的第一实施方式的末端、保持衬套和锁组件的视图,其中,锁位于未锁定位置。
图6是图5的组件的侧视图;
图7是图5的组件的后视图;
图8是图5的组件沿图7中指出的平面8-8截取的截面图;
图9是根据图4的第一实施方式的末端、保持衬套和锁组件的视图,其中,锁位于锁定位置;
图10是图9的组件的侧视图;
图11是图9的组件的后视图;
图12是图9的组件沿图11中指出的平面12-12截取的截面图;
图13是根据第一实施方式的适配器的视图;
图13A是图13的适配器的侧视图;
图14是根据第一实施方式的末端、保持衬套、锁和适配器组件的装配图;
图15是图14的组件沿图14的平面15-15截取的截面图,其中,锁位于锁定位置;
图16是图14的组件沿图14的平面15-15截取的截面图,其中,锁位于未锁定位置;
图17是图15的适配器的截面图(在该视图中移去了末端、保持衬套和锁);
图18是图15的末端、锁、保持衬套的截面图(在该视图中移去了适配器);
图19是图15的末端和保持衬套的截面图(在该视图中移去了适配器和锁);
图20是图15的末端的截面图(在该视图中移去了适配器、锁、保持衬套);
图21a-e是第一实施方式的锁的视图;
图22a-e是第一实施方式的保持衬套的视图。
具体实施方式
图1至22示出了根据本发明的用于GET连接系统的实施方式和示意性构思。这些图的目的仅在于帮助解释本发明的原理。因此,这些图不应当被理解成将本发明的范围限制到这里所示的实施方式和示意性构思。可以想到符合本文教导的本发明原理的GET连接系统的其它实施方式,并且这些其它实施方式也包括在专利保护范围内。
图1至3示意性地说明了GET连接系统是如何将GET固定到铲斗或者刮铲上以及如何锁定和打开所述GET。
首先参照图1,其示出了柱或者销10。柱10可以被连接到铲斗、刮铲或者其它作业工具上或者与铲斗、刮铲或者其它作业工具相关联。在图1中仅示出了柱10的一部分。出于说明GET连接系统与柱相互作用的方式的目的,与铲斗、刮铲或者其它作业工具连接的柱10部分已经从该视图中移去。还示出了锁20。锁20包括形成于其中的用于容纳柱10的一部分的槽21。锁20容纳在末端40的锁腔41中。锁腔41的形状允许将锁20装配到其中并且还允许锁20相对于末端40转动。锁20可以被直接放置到锁腔41中,或者可以绕锁20的一部分且在锁20和锁腔41之间设置保持衬套30。该任选的保持衬套30的目的和好处将在下文中更加详细地解释。
现在参照图2,其是显示出被放置到锁20的槽21内的柱10的视图。为了使柱10进入槽21,需要使柱10通过形成在末端40中的槽42。这通常通过将末端40和锁20滑动到铲斗、刮铲或者作业工具的一部分上并且滑动到柱10上而发生。例如,铲斗可以包括带有适配器突出部的适配器,该适配器突出部以该产业中公知的方式配合到在末端40中形成的凹部43中。柱10可以与适配器连接。柱10首先滑动通过槽42,然后滑动到槽21中。槽21不必是所示的通槽,也可以是与槽42类似的盲槽。在锁20转动至图2中所示的相对于末端40的定向时,柱10可以自由地滑动进入和滑出槽21。锁20的该第一位置是未锁定位置。
现在参照图3,在该情形下锁20已经转过180度到达相对于末端40的新的定向。锁20的该第二位置是锁定位置。在该锁定位置,槽21的开口不再与槽42对准。锁20包括通过将上腿部23和相对的下腿部24连接起来的后腿部22形成的C形部分。槽21位于相对的上腿部23和下腿部24之间。在图3中所示的锁20的锁定位置,后腿部22阻止柱10离开槽21并通过槽42滑出。因此,在锁20转动到锁定位置时,末端40被锁定在柱10以及柱10所连接的铲斗、刮铲或者作业工具上。
图1至3示意性地示出了GET连接系统的基本功能。该系统可以适合很多不同的应用。例如,该系统可以用来将很多不同种类的切削刃连接到刮铲、末端、护边器、侧切刀和铲斗的其它附件、压实机轮的末端等。图1至3中所示的基本设计的很多变形也是可行的。本领域的普通技术人员能够改装基本部件以适应给定应用的特定需要。例如,根据给定的应用的特定需要,柱10、锁20和槽21的形状可以广泛地加以改变。又例如,末端40可以被更广泛地限定为第一元件40,该第一元件40可以采取用于铲斗或者松土机的末端的形式,或者可以采取护边器、侧梁保护件或者GET的其它形式。又例如,连接到柱10的结构可以被更广泛地限定为第二元件,并且可以采取永久或者可拆卸地连接到铲斗的适配器的形式,或者可以采取铲斗侧梁或者基缘、或者期望将GET连接到该作业工具上的任何其它部分的形式。又例如,锁20的转动方式可以根据应用的需要加以改变。锁20可以包括能够由穿过末端40中的孔设置的工具进行转动的部分。或者,可以修改柱10的端部,使得柱10能够通过柱10和锁20一起转动的方式配合到槽21中。然后末端40中的孔可以提供接近柱10的端部的通道,并且可以转动柱10以引起锁20相应转动。在仍然利用该连接系统的基本原理时,很多不同的设计也是可行的。
图4至22示出了根据这些原理的GET连接系统的第一实施方式。该第一实施方式也是很多附加、任选特征的典型,这些特征可以被包含以满足特定的需要或提供可选的好处。
首先参照图4,其示出了锁200、保持衬套300和末端400。末端400可以由钢或任何其它合适的材料制造。末端400的外部以被设计用来接触土壤和石头并且承受或者抵抗磨擦和冲击力的表面为特征。该外表面可以形成相对锋利的前缘401以允许末端400刺入土壤或者石头中并便于挖掘。末端400还可以包括上部402、下部403和侧部404。在图4所示的设计中,上部402、下部403和侧部404接合到一起并形成前缘401。上部402、下部403和侧部404还形成内部的适配器容纳腔430。适配器容纳腔430的形状用来容纳适配器的突出部(见图13)。适配器容纳腔430通过后部或者后表面405展现末端400。后表面由上部402、下部403和侧部404限定边界。若干环圈406可以连接到末端的任何外表面上以便于在安装过程中提升和定位末端400。
末端400还包括邻近锁腔420设置的槽410。锁腔420的尺寸能够在其中容纳锁200和任选地在其中容纳保持衬套300。锁腔420还包括从锁腔420通向末端400外部的锁开口421(图6)。槽410包括侧壁411和底壁412。侧壁411从适配器容纳腔430朝底壁412延伸,使得底壁412凹陷并低于适配器容纳腔430的周围表面并且槽410大致包含在侧部404内。侧壁411和底壁412可以限定平行于该槽的纵向轴线延伸的对称平面。槽410的纵向轴线从后表面405朝锁腔420延伸。当末端400被插入到作业工具上或从作业工具移去时(见图16,箭头A),槽410的纵向轴线也可以相对于作业工具平行于末端400的运动方向延伸。槽410的一端朝后表面405打开,相对的另一端朝锁腔420打开。
保持衬套300可以由塑料或者任何其它合适的材料形成。如果由塑料形成,则其可能期望的是通过注塑成型来生产。锁200可以由钢或者任何其它合适的材料形成。如果末端400和锁200都由钢形成,则塑料保持衬套300具有特定的好处。首先,塑料保持衬套能够防止金属与金属接触,磨损机理通常以这种接触呈现。其次,塑料保持衬套能够有助于防止末端和锁之间的腐蚀或者其他过程,随着时间的流逝,末端和锁之间的腐蚀或其他过程会造成锁卡在末端中并使锁难以转动。如果锁不能容易地转动,则要将末端从作业工具移去将更加困难。第三,能够比钢更容易偏转的塑料保持衬套允许在末端和保持衬套之间以及在锁和保持衬套之间的保持关系,如在下面全面地描述的。因此,选择塑料来形成保持衬套300可能尤其有利。
参照图4和图22a-22e,保持衬套300包括形成在大致周向的裙部320中的槽310。裙部320可以是圆锥形的。头部330连接到裙部320的较窄的端部上。头部330包括开口331和挠性凸片332。凸片332的弯曲通过形成在头部330中的释放孔333来促进。
参照图4和图21a-21e,锁200包括槽210。槽210形成在锁200的C形部分220中。C形部分220包括后腿部221、上腿部222和下腿部223。槽210介于上腿部222和下腿部223之间。头部230在C形部分220的上方。头部230包括形成在其中的两个锁销(detent)231、232和设置在锁销231、232之间的环形表面233。止动凸片234也形成在头部230中。头部还包括工具接触面235。
图5至8示出了被装配到保持衬套300中的锁200的视图,以及被装配到末端400中的保持衬套300的视图。在这些视图的每一个中,锁200被转动到其第一位置或者未锁定位置。当锁200处于未锁定位置时,适配器或者作业工具的部分可以插入到适配器容纳腔430中,并且柱或与适配器相关联的其它部分将同时滑动通过槽410、槽310并进入槽210中。
图6是显示保持衬套300和锁200通过末端400的锁开口421伸出的视图。工具界面235可以通过适当的工具接近以帮助相对于保持衬套300和末端400转动锁200。可以使用任何种类的合适的工具和工具界面。优选地,工具包括凸出部分,并且工具界面235包括凹入部分。
在未锁定位置,凸片332保持在锁销232中。随着锁200相对于保持衬套300转动,凸片332弯曲并从锁销232出来。图9至12示出了锁200转动至其第二位置或者锁定位置。在锁定位置,凸片232保持在锁销231中。通过使止动凸片234接触保持衬套300的头部330来阻止锁200相对于保持衬套300的进一步转动。同样,当锁转回到其未锁定位置时,止动凸片234在凸片332进入锁销231时将接触头部330。该锁销和止动系统给了技术人员在锁200转动到其未锁定位置或锁定位置时非常良好的触感。该良好的触感的部分原因在于,保持衬套300是由塑料制成的并且凸片332足够挠性以允许其容易地转动,同时凸片332也向锁销231、232提供足够的保持力以将锁200固定在其锁定位置或者未锁定位置。锁200从其锁定位置到其未锁定位置的运动不需要像常见于很多类型的GET的销保持系统的那样使用锤子或者其它工具。不需要锤子的系统越来越受到技术人员的喜欢。
当锁200装配到保持衬套300中时,锁200和保持衬套300的结构积极地帮助使两者保持在一起。保持衬套300的裙部320限定内部的环形表面340。锁200包括外部的环形表面240。当锁200相对于保持衬套300转动时,内部的环形表面340骑靠在外部的环形表面240上。在该实施方式中,环形表面240、340也逐渐变细,形成大体的圆锥形。内部的环形表面包括在其上形成的肋341,肋341在大致圆周方向延伸。当锁200被定位在保持衬套300内部时,肋341与外部的环形表面240干涉。为了将锁200配合到保持衬套300内,必须施加足够的力以偏转保持衬套300,从而使肋341能够运动超过外部的环形表面240。一旦肋341运动超过外部的环形表面240,肋341和保持衬套300就能回到更加自然、不受偏转的位置。肋341将骑靠在C形部分230的下表面224上,阻止锁200从保持衬套300无意中滑出。锁200能够在保持衬套300内相对于保持衬套300转动。
同样,当保持衬套300被装配到末端400的锁腔420中时,保持衬套300和末端400的结构积极的帮助使两者保持在一起。保持衬套300的裙部320限定外表面350。外表面350包括在大致圆周方向形成的肋351。互补的槽422(图4)形成在末端400的锁腔420中。当保持衬套300被装配到锁腔420中时,肋351首先与锁腔420干涉。为了将保持衬套300配合到锁腔420内,必须施加足够的力以偏转保持衬套300,使得肋351滑动超过与其干涉的锁腔420表面直到肋351卡扣到槽422中。一旦被安装到锁腔420中,保持衬套300就不能相对于末端400转动。将肋351配合到槽422中阻止了转动。同样,锁开口421是非圆形的。保持衬套300的头部330的配合到锁开口421中的部分也是非圆形的。头部330配合到锁开口421中以及头部330和锁开口421的非圆形形状也阻止保持衬套300相对于末端400转动。
在正常情况下,将锁200保持到保持衬套300,以及将保持衬套300保持到末端400具有很多好处。首先,在将末端组件(包括末端400、保持衬套300和锁200)的替换件发送到工作场地的过程中,所有的三个部件保持在一起,而不会混淆或丢失。其次,在安装过程中,当末端组件滑动到适配器或者其它作业工具上时,使所有的三个部件相对于彼此保持就位是很简单的。安装有时可能在具有挑战性的场地条件下进行,包括泥泞和雪。将所有部件保持在一起的能力可以防止它们落到泥泞和雪中以及丢失。另外,戴保护手套的技术人员不需要移动较小的不容易抓握和操作的锁200和保持衬套300。总之,该特征极大地提高了安装的容易性和速度。
现在参照图13至17,其示出了可以与末端400、保持衬套300和锁200一起使用的适配器100。适配器100包括突出部110。突出部110的形状能够配合到末端400的适配器容纳腔430内。突出部110的形状和适配器容纳腔430的互补形状可以选择以适应任何特定的需要或应用。在现有的GET系统中已经使用了若干不同的形状,并且可以选择任何合适的总体形状。突出部110包括相对的倾斜的上表面111和下表面112以及平的前表面115,上表面111和下表面112朝向彼此倾斜并且朝向两个相对的平表面113、114倾斜。突出部110还包括两个相对的侧表面116、117。
与突出部110相对的是后部118,该后部118可以包括第二适配器容纳腔119。在该实施方式中,如在本领域已知的,适配器100能够被接收到安装于作业工具上的第二适配器上。第二适配器(未示出)可以包括与第二适配器容纳腔119互补的突出部分。
柱120形成在侧表面117上。该实施方式中的柱120为大致圆锥形。其它形状也可以选择来适应其它的设计。柱120包括大致圆锥形表面121和大致平的端表面122。如图17所示的,圆锥形表面121限定该圆锥形的中心轴线A。圆锥形表面121以大约10到30度的锥度β形成,更优选以大约20度的锥度形成。适配器100限定如图17中所示的对称平面B(除了柱120和有关结构,适配器100总体上关于平面B对称)。平面B和轴线A之间的角度α为接近65度至85度,并且更优选为大约75度。
适配器100还包括紧挨柱120并且在柱120后(在后部118的方向)的侧表面117中的半环形的切口130。紧挨柱120并且在柱120后(在后部118的方向),适配器100还包括从侧表面117上方立起的横档(rail)140。横档140的总体尺寸和形状用来匹配末端400的槽410。
图15至16示出了安装到适配器100上的末端400、保持衬套300和锁200的截面图。图15示出了锁200转动到其锁定位置从而末端400能够从适配器100移去。图16示出了锁200转动到其未锁定位置从而末端400能够沿着箭头A的方向从适配器100滑脱。在每个视图中,横档140被显示为定位在槽410中,在此用来阻挡灰尘和其他碎片进入槽410。如果允许灰尘和碎片进入槽410,则它们可能受影响并使得末端400的移去变得困难,因为在移去末端400时,柱120必须滑动通过槽410。
在柱120的中心轴线A相对于对称平面B呈角度定位的情况下,图15示出了圆锥表面121的与处于锁定位置的锁200接触的最靠后部分呈现的角度近乎垂直于笔直地将末端400从适配器100拉脱的力的方向(如箭头A指出的)。这有助于阻止将末端400从适配器100拉离的力使末端400扭曲,导致锁200偏离位置,引起故障中锁200从柱120滑脱。以这种方式定位柱120还使易于将锁200推动到锁腔420中的反作用力的大小最小化。该最小化的反作用力可以由末端400中的压缩力抵消。
图19示出了当被定位到末端400中时,保持衬套300具有相对于末端400的对称平面B呈γ角度设置的下表面334,该γ角度大约在5度至25度,更优选地为15度。锁200的头部230具有抵接保持衬套300的下表面334并在其上滑动的支撑表面236。在下表面334以该角度设置的情况下,锁200在其锁定位置和未锁定位置之间绕大致平行于柱120的中心轴线A的轴线转动。
工业实用性
前述的地面作业工具系统可以在用工业中,为建筑和采矿机器和其它种类的机器上的铲斗、刮铲和其它作业工具提供保护和改进的挖掘能力。
Claims (13)
1.一种用于将地面作业工具(400)连接到工作器械的适配器(100),所述适配器包括:
突出部(110),其形状能够配合到所述地面作业工具中形成的腔内,所述突出部(110)包括侧表面(117);
柱(120),其形成在所述突出部(110)的侧表面(117)上,所述柱(120)包括侧表面(121)和端表面(122);和
切口(130),其延伸到所述突出部(110)的侧表面(117)中并且沿周向环绕所述柱(120)的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的适配器(100),其中,所述突出部(110)还包括:与所述突出部(110)的侧表面(117)相对的侧表面(116);彼此相对的倾斜的上表面和下表面(111,112)以及连接到所述彼此相对的倾斜的上表面和下表面(111,112)的彼此相对的平表面(113,114),其中,所述彼此相对的倾斜的上表面和下表面(111,112)和所述彼此相对的平表面(113,114)在所述彼此相对的侧表面(116,117)之间延伸。
3.根据权利要求2所述的适配器(100),其中,所述突出部(110)还包括连接到所述彼此相对的平表面(113,114)的平的前表面(115)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的适配器(100),其中,所述柱(120)的例表面(121)是圆锥形的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的适配器(100),其中,所述柱(120)的侧表面(121)限定所述圆锥形的中心轴线(A),并且所述圆锥形相对于所述中心轴线(A)以10度到30度的锥度(β)形成。
6.根据权利要求5所述的适配器(100),其中,所述锥度(β)为20度。
7.根据权利要求5所述的适配器(100),其中,所述适配器限定对称平面(B),并且所述中心轴线(A)和所述对称平面(B)之间所形成的角度(α)为65度至85度。
8.根据权利要求7所述的适配器(100),其中,所述角度(α)为75度。
9.根据权利要求1所述的适配器(100),其中,所述地面作业工具包括具有C形部分(220)的可转动的锁(200),所述C形部分(220)限定槽(210),并且其中所述切口(130)的尺寸能够接收所述可转动的锁(200)的所述C形部分(220)。
10.根据权利要求1所述的适配器(100),还包括从所述突出部(110)的侧表面(117)突出、靠近所述切口(130)定位且与所述柱(120)相对的横档(140)。
11.根据权利要求10所述的适配器(100),其中,所述地面作业工具包括形成有槽(410)的侧部(404),并且其中在将所述适配器(100)连接到所述地面作业工具(400)时,所述突出部(110)的侧表面(117)上的所述横档(140)还被定位成待插入到所述槽(410)中。
12.根据权利要求11所述的适配器(100),其中,所述横档(140)的尺寸和形状能够与所述地面作业工具(400)的所述槽(410)匹配。
13.根据权利要求1所述的适配器(100),还包括与所述突出部(110)相对并且限定适配器腔(119)的后部(118)。
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