CN101880184B - Application of mixed greensward matrix containing wheat stalks in aspect of promoting growth of Festuca elata - Google Patents
Application of mixed greensward matrix containing wheat stalks in aspect of promoting growth of Festuca elata Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to application of a mixed greensward matrix containing wheat stalks in the aspect of promoting the growth of Festuca elata. The germination rate, the growth length, the net photosynthesis yield of single plant and the dry/fresh rate of the mixed greensward matrix as well as the indexes, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoid, and the like in cytochrome are measured and compared, and the result indicates that the matching of crushed matters of the wheat stalks and the tiny household garbage is beneficial to the growth of Festuca elata, all the indexes are remarkable and higher than those of a matched group, wherein the proportions of 28+2, 27+3 and 26+4 are relatively better. With the proportion, the performance of the matrix can be improved, certain nutrition effectiveness can be achieved, and a greensward matrix and the root of a plant on a greensward can have a better binding effect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to reasonable, the safe handling method of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life.A kind of compounded turf matrix (containing wheat stalk) that mixes assembly say so more specifically in the application that promotes aspect the lawn plant growth of Festuca elata.
Background technology
In recent years, along with growth in the living standard, the recycling of house refuse has become the focus in the most promising field and research in the environmental protection with utilizing problem again.Improving constantly of Along with people's living standard; The quantity of house refuse also increases accordingly; Therefore caused that a large amount of rubbish is irrational to be stacked in the edge in city and can to take a large amount of land resources, not only be unfavorable for the attractive in appearance of city but also health is brought extremely adverse influence.
House refuse is applied to the plantation of turfgrass, and the space that both having helped beautifies the environment depends on us for existence improves, and can reach the purpose of the recovery and the utilization of house refuse again.Simultaneously, house refuse is applied to the plantation on lawn, but can also practice thrift out a large amount of anthropogenic soils, agricultural ecosystem is bought go to pot.But house refuse has the shortcoming of himself, and the growth on lawn is had its adverse influence.Through carrying out assembly, can weaken the influence of rubbish itself to grass with other materials.In addition, because assembly matrix has water retention, can reduce the total water amount, reach water-saving purpose.And have certain nutrient, can self nutriment be provided.Under northern China arid, semiarid weather, the growth of lawn plant has very big realistic meaning.Therefore, which kind of selects for use join material and rubbish carries out assembly, which kind of ratio to carry out assembly, the relation of house refuse between the situation of the growth of the application of lawn matrix and lawn plant had crucial meaning according to.
At present, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life has certain report as the research that matrix is used for turf establishment.In addition, the thick compost of undressed domestic waste is used existing report in the drought resisting of lawn, but poor effect does not tackle the problem at its root.From existing research; Research for garbage compost in the past focuses mostly in the integral body utilization of thick compost; If extensive like this way prolonged application in the growth of soil or plant, not only can be destroyed the microenvironment of soil, and also be disadvantageous for improving efficiency of resource.If consumer garbage compost is handled the different particle diameter of formation through cracker; Thereby remove the too much harmful substance of accumulation in some particle diameter of compost, be left the compost particle that plant growing provides nutrient and improves soil physico-chemical property, treated compost is used for the lawn resisting drought saving water; Can bring into play organic matter and the abundant advantage of nutritive element in the compost particular particles; Regulate the physical arrangement of soil, reach the optimization soil physico-chemical property, the effect of improving the soil.
In view of the foregoing; The inventor carried out utilize garbage waste material carry out the ecological engineering of environment that carpet turf produces research (growth parameter(s) of consumer garbage compost and garden mould matrix turf planting system compares for Zhao Shulan, many upright peaces etc. ecological magazine; 2008,27; With the consumer garbage compost is the discarded object lapping turf planting research of matrix. northwest Botany Gazette, 2007,27).These researchs show: consumer garbage compost is seen from the angle of plant growing nutritional need; Can satisfy the requirement of plant growing, but maximum problem is: the garbage compost quality is loose, and this makes matrix be difficult to combine with the lawn plant root system; And such result also makes this technology obtain to use in practice; That is to say that this technical bottleneck can't break through, just mean that this good idea just will lay aside and neglect forever.And in order to solve this key issue; The inventor has launched to utilize beanstalk again; And the research that utilizes sawdust wood chip that linden and birch mix etc. and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life assembly lawn matrix, purpose so that the matrix of garbage compost assembly can combine with the lawn plant root system well.These results of study show: 1. when utilizing beanstalk and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life assembly lawn matrix, the lawn plant early growth period has performance { Lian Fei, Zhao Shulan preferably; Many upright peaces, producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life (sieving) and the compound ecology response of beanstalk, agricultural environment science journal as lawn matrix and lawn plant with 200 mesh sieves; 2007,26) }, but the lawn plant growth later stage; When needing lawn plant to set up heavy root system, root growth is suppressed, and this phenomenon is in other researchs; Analogue also once occurred, like the inhibitory action of plant residue to certain type of plant, its mechanism is complicated; This maybe be relevant with allelopathy, and in addition, the consumer garbage compost matrix that 200 mesh sieves sieve still has the as easy as rolling off a log imagination that from the root system of plant, splits away off; And this result of study is finally indicating, utilizes the technology path of crops straw and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life (sieving with 200 mesh sieves) assembly lawn matrix possibly be difficult to work.Sawdust wood chip and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life (sieving) assembly lawn matrix (many upright peaces, Zhao Shulan, the house refuse production carpet turf ecological engineering of environment matrix apolegamy research that 2. ought utilize linden and birch to mix with 200 mesh sieves.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000,11); Also occurred with the result of " when utilizing beanstalk and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life assembly lawn matrix " appearance similar; Its mechanism is unknown; And this result of study equally also shows, the sawdust wood chip that utilization mixes etc. possibly be difficult to work with the way of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life (sieving with 200 mesh sieves) assembly lawn matrix.
In a word, above-mentioned series of studies result gives us a conclusion: solve the loose problem of garbage compost quality if can not find, also just can't solve the difficult problem that combines with the lawn plant root system of matrix; If can not find the material of joining of suitable garbage compost lawn matrix equally, the performance of matrix also can't be improved.The application technology of garbage compost in the mechanism of lawn also just can't obtain to use in practice.As if in a word, because above-mentioned when utilizing beanstalk and producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life assembly compounded turf matrix, effect is not good, and it is impracticable having provided and having utilized the road of stalk assembly garbage compost compounded turf matrix.
Summary of the invention
To this situation, the present invention is the basis of the brand-new ecological engineering of environment that combines with afforestation project with refuse treatment engineering, has important significance for theories and actual application value.The present invention is intended to find out best proportioning, for the life spam application provides material in compounded turf matrix.For realizing that above-mentioned purpose the invention discloses following technical scheme:
Contain the application of mixed greensward matrix aspect the promotion growth of Festuca elata of wheat stalk; The compounded turf matrix that wherein mixes is that the crushed material and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of wheat stalk is 1 with ratio of weight and number: the 5-14 assembly.
The little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of the present invention is meant: garbage compost is removed foreign material under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry to constant weight; Sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter; Then 1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, prepared the little fertilizer of particle diameter 300nm rubbish.
Application of the present invention, growth of Festuca elata wherein refer to the variation of plant height, net photosynthesis amount.
The present invention further discloses the application of compounded turf matrix aspect promotion lawn plant tall fescue seed germination rate that mixes assembly; The compounded turf matrix that wherein mixes is that the crushed material and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of wheat stalk is assembly in 1: 9 with ratio of weight and number.
The present invention further discloses the application of mixed greensward matrix aspect raising garbage compost and lawn plant root system cohesiveness that contains wheat stalk; The compounded turf matrix that wherein mixes is that the crushed material and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of wheat stalk is 1 with ratio of weight and number: the 4-5.5 assembly.
Of the present invention discovering: the house refuse of will becoming thoroughly decomposed is carried out conventional processing, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dries to constant weight then, sieves out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter.1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, and the time is respectively 3min, to prepare the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of particle diameter.Utilize fine producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life particle diameter to add the growth that a certain amount of wheat stalk can promote lawn plant (Festuca Arundinacea), this is described joins material and can improve the water retention property of matrix and have certain nutrition effectiveness.It is of the present invention that method is following down:
1. method of production
1.1 material
Grass seeds: select one of the common grass seeds of northern China Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca Arundinacea) matrix for use: the house refuse of becoming thoroughly decomposed more than 4 years of selecting the little shallow lake of Beichen District, Tianjin destructor plant.Join material: wheat stalk is taken near the Jinghai county.
1.2 experimental technique
1.2.1 matrix assembly
At first, sieve, filter, the rubbish bulk that screens out is smashed the multiple sieve in back, the composition in the rubbish is utilized effectively with hammer with 200 purpose sieves with 200 mesh sieves with carrying out drying to constant weight more than 8 hours after the soil block crushing bigger in the rubbish.Test used compost and remove foreign material such as wherein each type of wood, plastics, glass, metal earlier, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry then, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter to constant weight.1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, and the time is respectively 3min, preparing the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of particle diameter, and with S4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (S4800, JAPAN) fine producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life granularmetric analysis.
Obtain the little fertile particle of 300nm rubbish of particle diameter at last.And pulverize completely putting into cracker after the wheat-straw oven dry, pulverize the back as joining material.With matrix with join material respectively with 30g+0g, 29+1,28+2,27+3,26+4,25+5,24+6, evenly be mixed in the culture dish that diameter is 10cm and carry out assembly, be that control group (CK) is studied with the untreated compost of 30g.Development process repeats 3 times, to guarantee its accuracy.
1.2.2 sowing
100 seeds are sprinkling upon in each assembly matrix uniformly, are placed on the biological culture platform and cultivate, gravity-flow ventilation, unification is quantitatively watered, till finishing to experiment.Measure temperature, humidity every day, temperature is 18.5～28 ℃, and relative moisture is 23～66%.Cradle after about 28 days.
1.3 data determination
1.3.1 germination rate
Measure it sprout number every day from the seed germination.Measure germination rate when cradling once more.Germination rate=(sprouting number/seed number) * 100% is the germination rate of this ratio with the average germination rate of three repetitions.
1.3.2 plant height
Adopting white line decide to choose after the certain altitude (10mm) that the strain method treats seed growth growth three strains preferably decide strain and carries out that height measurement is every once measures when cradling at a distance from measurement on the 3rd for the last time.The average height of this three strain is the average height in this culture dish.
1.3.3 pigment concentration
Growing cradles behind 30 fates, at first carries out weighing, measures gross weight, chooses 0.1g afterwards and carries out chlorophyllous extraction as sample with the fresh weight method, carries out the mensuration of cytochrome concentration again with 7220 type spectrophotometers.Because chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoid have absorption maximum at 663nm, 645nm and 440nm respectively.
According to the Lambert-Beer law:
C
a＝12.7A
663-2.69A
645
C
b＝22.9A
645-4.68A
645
C
k＝4.7A
440-0.27(C
a+C
b)
Can draw the content (mg/l) of cytochrome.Then multiply by 25*10 with gained concentration
-3/ 0.1 can get desired concn c (mg/g).Average color cellulose content with three repetitions is the pigment content of this ratio.
1.3.4 fresh and dried ratio
The aluminium that remaining Festuca Arundinacea is put into correspondence markings closes under 105 ℃ of conditions about 8 hours of oven dry can be to constant weight.Weighing is carried out in taking-up after treating constant weight, can draw its fresh and dried ratio:
Fresh and dried ratio=(dry weight/fresh weight) * 100%
1.3.5 per day individual plant net photosynthesis amount
After the mensuration of chlorophyll concentration, remainder grass appearance is dried.According to the strain number and fresh and dried ratio of residue grass, can know the gross dry weight of grass.Gross dry weight=fresh and dried than the total fresh weight of *.Total strain number according to grass can get again: the mitogenetic general material quantity of individual plant net photosynthesis amount=overground part/total strain number.
Can get per day net photosynthesis amount by the individual plant net photosynthesis amount and the ratio on growth date.
Be the mitogenetic general material quantity of per day net photosynthesis amount=overground part/(* growth fate is counted in total strain).(the growth fate is for begin to sprout the fate to cradling certainly).Average per day net photosynthesis amount with three repetitions is the per day net photosynthesis amount of this ratio.
1.4 the cementitiousness of the matrix of turf and lawn plant root system is measured
After treating that index determining finishes, proceed the cultivation management of turf, and normal feedwater, behind cutification, carry out the mensuration of cementitiousness of matrix and the lawn plant root system of turf again.
The cementitiousness of the matrix of its turf and lawn plant root system can use caking ability (%) to represent that its formula is:
C＝(M2/M1)×100％
C is a caking ability in the last examination, and its value is big more, and the matrix of expression turf and the cementitiousness of lawn plant root system are just strong more; Weight when M1 represents the turf peeling; M2 throws on 3 meters high haulage vehicles after representing the turf peeling, by haulage vehicle turf is thrown ground again, the be scattered weight of turf after the matrix of turf.
2 development results analyses
2.1 the analysis of seed germination rate
Seed germination is the basic prerequisite of plant growing, and whether matrix is suitable for plant growing at first just should show whether whether this matrix can make the seed germination of plant, reach bigger germination rate.This test at first shows the influence (see table 1) of different substrates to germination rate
The average germination rate (%) of table 1 different substrates
| ck | 29+1 | 28+2 | 27+3 | 26+4 | 25+5 | 24+6 |
| 48.00a | 69.67a | 83.33b | 72.00a | 78.00b | 47.33a | 29.33a |
(carrying out the F check) in 0.05,0.01 level
Can find out that from above form in four in the medium, when sprouting reaches stable state: at wheat stalk is to join under the situation of material, and its germination rate situation is for knowing the poorest in 27+3, grow best of plant growth state in control group.It is carried out variance analysis there were significant differences (p＜0.01) showing thus that joining material adds and too much can have a strong impact on gas permeability, cause percentage of seedgermination relatively poor.
2.2 the analysis of plant height
Whether assembly matrix is fit to the growth of plant, also will see the situation that plant grows on this matrix, and plant height then is the important indicator of vegetation growth state.With wheat stalk for joining material: 26+4＞25+5=27+3＞24+6＞28+2＞29+1＞ck.Wherein ck, 29+1,28+2,27+3,25+5,24+6 grew 29,26+4 growth 30 days.Through check have that utmost point significant difference (P＞0.01) adds join the material amount and plant height is normal distribution basically; Explain that joining material can prevent the too fast evaporation of moisture by water conservation; Have nutrition again, help the growth adding of Festuca Arundinacea too much certain influence can be arranged the gas permeability of matrix.
2.3 the analysis of pigment content in the plant
Pigment in the Festuca Arundinacea mainly comprises Chlorophylls and Carotenoids, and wherein chlorophyll has important effect to its photosynthesis.Being coenzyme essential in the photophosphorylation, is one of important indicator of confirming vegetation growth state.Below be the concrete content (see table 2, table 3) of Festuca Arundinacea in different assembly matrix.
Chlorophyllous average content in table 2 different substrates (mg/g FW)
| Chlorophyll | ck | 29+1 | 28+2 | 27+3 | 26+4 | 25+5 | 24+6 |
| a | 0.75a | 0.87a | 1.11b | 0.86a | 0.93b | 0.87a | 0.93b |
| b | 0.35a | 0.36a | 0.45b | 0.35a | 0.36a | 0.35a | 0.35a |
Content of carotenoid in table 3 different substrates (mg/g FW)
| ck | 29+1 | 28+2 | 27+3 | 26+4 | 25+5 | 24+6 |
| 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.21 | 0.16 | 0.19 | 0.17 | 0.18 |
We can significantly find out from top form: with wheat stalk is to join material through the content of check chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b utmost point evident difference (P＞0.01) to be arranged, wherein best with 28+2, content of carotenoid no significant difference (P＜0.05)
2.4 net photosynthesis quantitative analysis (0.0001g/ strain)
Per day net photosynthesis amount has reflected it is how much organic that Festuca Arundinacea is produced every day, reflected the utilization of plant for moisture indirectly, is the important indicator of vegetation growth state.With wheat stalk for joining material: wherein, per day individual plant net photosynthesis amount is a maximum in the proportioning with 26+4, and control group is minimum.Examine no significant difference (P＜0.05) though show that this moisture capacity of joining material is stronger, its permeability wretched insufficiency also can influence the net photosynthesis amount.
Show that the net photosynthesis amount is adding under the situation of joining the material wheat stalk of more (24+6,25+5,26+4) individual plant net photosynthesis amount all apparently higher than control group, therefrom can find out add join material after growth of Festuca elata get comparatively vigorous.
2.5 the cementitiousness analysis of the matrix of turf and lawn plant root system
Can find out that by following table in 25+5 and 24+6 combination, the caking ability of the matrix of turf and lawn plant root system can divide and reaches 92.4% and 96.7%, shows that the matrix of rubbish turf and the cementitiousness of lawn plant root system have reached higher level.
The caking ability of the matrix of table 4 turf and lawn plant root system (%)
| ck | 29+1 | 28+2 | 27+3 | 26+4 | 25+5 | 24+6 |
| 60.3 | 64.0 | 71.5 | 80.2 | 85.8 | 92.4 | 96.7 |
3 development conclusions
Adding wheat stalk adds its sprouting behind a small amount of wheat stalk, growth, net photosynthesis amount and all is higher than control group as a whole with 28: 2,27: though the growth of the plant that 3 the most suitable additions too much help having sprouted; But its strong moisture capacity can cause the wretched insufficiency of the penetrating ability of soil, thereby influences the sprouting of seed.
Therefore, generally speaking, in the house refuse of becoming thoroughly decomposed, add the growth that a certain amount of wheat stalk all can promote lawn plant (Festuca Arundinacea), it is comparatively reasonable that these three kinds proportionings of joining material and house refuse should be controlled between 2: 28 to 5: 25.
This is described joins material and can improve the water retention property of matrix and have certain nutrition effectiveness.
Embodiment:
For simple and purpose clearly, the omission that hereinafter is appropriate the description of known technology, in order to avoid those unnecessary details influences are to the description of present technique scheme.Below in conjunction with instance the present invention is done further explanation.
Embodiment 1
At first, sieve, filter, the rubbish bulk that screens out is smashed the multiple sieve in back, the composition in the rubbish is utilized effectively with hammer with 200 purpose sieves with 200 mesh sieves with carrying out drying to constant weight more than 8 hours after the soil block crushing bigger in the rubbish.Test used compost and remove foreign material such as wherein each type of wood, plastics, glass, metal earlier, under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry then, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter to constant weight.1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized down at 24000 rev/mins, and the time is respectively 3min, preparing the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of particle diameter, and with S4800 field emission scanning electron microscope (S4800, JAPAN) fine producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life granularmetric analysis.
Mix assembly: the crushed material of wheat stalk and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish are assembly in 1: 5 with ratio of weight and number.100 seeds are sprinkling upon in the aglucon matter uniformly, are placed on the biological culture platform and cultivate, gravity-flow ventilation, unification is quantitatively watered, till finishing to experiment.Measure temperature, humidity every day, temperature is 22 ℃, and relative moisture is 45%.Cradle after about 28 days, measure the variation of plant height, net photosynthesis amount.
Embodiment 2
Mix assembly: the crushed material of wheat stalk and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish are assembly in 1: 9 with ratio of weight and number.100 seeds are sprinkling upon in the aglucon matter uniformly, are placed on the biological culture platform and cultivate, gravity-flow ventilation, unification is quantitatively watered, till finishing to experiment.Measure temperature, humidity every day, temperature is 23 ℃, and relative moisture is 56%.Cradle after about 28 days, measure percentage of seedgermination.And the variation of plant height, net photosynthesis amount.
Embodiment 3
Mix assembly: the crushed material of wheat stalk and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish are assembly in 1: 14 with ratio of weight and number.100 seeds are sprinkling upon in the aglucon matter uniformly, are placed on the biological culture platform and cultivate, gravity-flow ventilation, unification is quantitatively watered, till finishing to experiment.Measure temperature, humidity every day, temperature is 23 ℃, and relative moisture is 56%.Cradle after about 28 days, the content of measuring chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b has utmost point evident difference.
Embodiment 4
Mix assembly: the crushed material of wheat stalk and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish are assembly in 1: 5.5 with ratio of weight and number.100 seeds are sprinkling upon in the aglucon matter uniformly, are placed on the biological culture platform and cultivate, gravity-flow ventilation, unification is quantitatively watered, till finishing to experiment.Measure temperature, humidity every day, temperature is 23 ℃, and relative moisture is 56%.Cradle after about 28 days, measure the matrix of turf and the caking ability of lawn plant root system.
Claims (1)
1. contain the application of mixed greensward matrix aspect raising garbage compost and lawn plant root system cohesiveness of wheat stalk; The compounded turf matrix that wherein mixes is that the crushed material and the little fertilizer of 300nm rubbish of wheat stalk is 1 with ratio of weight and number: the 4-5.5 assembly; The little fertilizer of described 300nm rubbish is meant: garbage compost is removed foreign material under 105 ℃ of conditions, dry to constant weight, sieve out the compost of 1700nm particle diameter, then 1700nm particle diameter compost is pulverized the little fertilizer of preparing of particle diameter 300nm rubbish at 24000 rev/mins down; Described lawn plant is a Festuca Arundinacea.
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| 多立安等.生活垃圾生产地毯式草皮环境生态工程基质选配研究.《应用生态学报》.2000,第11卷(第5期),767-772. * |
| 廉菲等.城市生活垃圾堆肥与豆秸复合用作草坪基质及草坪植物的生态响应.《农业环境科学学报》.2007,第26卷(第4期),1517-1521. * |
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