Background technology
Blue and white delicate porcelain is that Jing Dezhen has obvious local characteristic, traditional category well-known at home and abroad, exquisite eye mostly is grain of rice shape, water spot shape, spray shape and orchid flap, peach shape, rhombus etc. are also arranged, be commonly called as " sesame leakage ", claim again " popped rice ", Japan claims " rice grain pattern ", " firefly hand ", and the westerner is called exquisite porcelain " porcelain of pane ".Blue and white delicate porcelain results from the Song dynasty, and a kind of hollow out porcelain " incense fumigating oven " has been made in Jing Dezhen during the Song dynasty, and once because the kiln temperature is too high, enamel flows and by mistake the cavity of those former these saturating flue gases of incense fumigating oven sealed, and forms transparent and air-locked effect in legend.Under irradiate light, eye is sparkling and crystal-clear bright, and porcelain the worker gain enlightenment thus, then consciously on base substrate hollow out form eyelet-like, fill up transparent then and go into klining.To the Ming Dynasty eternally happy in the period of, be formed with the symmetrical rectangular logical colored hole of transparent glaze colours, because of it is exquisitely carved, add the flowers grain pattern of describing with blue and white material, a kind of hollow out porcelain " incense fumigating oven " has been made in Jing Dezhen during the Song dynasty, becomes initial blue-and-white rice pattern.In the period of the bright one-tenthization, blue and white delicate porcelain is made and is reached certain level, though exquisite eye is big as soya bean, very smooth, strokes the position that is difficult to find exquisite eye with hand, yet to light one photograph, just transparent exquisite appearing vividly at the moment.During the Qianrong of the Qing Dynasty, blue and white delicate porcelain is in vogue especially, it is to select suitable position to describe blue and white earlier on mold, the piercing decorative pattern makes the hole, two sides saturating again, inside and outside then glazing, make hollow out grain pattern part bright, at mold bottom money book " object for appreciation is beautiful " two words, the meaning of " playing beautiful " two words is that blue and white delicate porcelain not only can be appreciated but also can be practical, just as jade green dotey preciousness simultaneously; The artistic style of blue and white delicate porcelain is very unique, and it adopts the excellent method of piercing art, draws the speciality of blue and white art, and two kinds of decoration technologys are combined.In white on the porcelain body of general green grass or young crops, bright-colored transparent exquisite pattern sets each other off with is green and luxuriant blue and white grain pattern and sets off, and the especially exquisite exquisiteness that seems is simple and easy, pure and fresh bright and clear.Therefore, blue-and-white rice pattern with lustrous and transparent, saturating, plain unique graceful bearing and durable wear, do not contain lead poisoning, not transcalent advantage is appreciated by people and praise highly.
But up to the present, traditional exquisite pottery still adopts a high temperature to burn till the mode of production, and product surface quality is poor; The one-tenth porosity of exquisite eye is low, and exquisite eye is worn or leaked and can not repair, and qualification rate is low; Tiny bubble is many in the exquisite eye, causes exquisite eye transparency, permeability poor; Before not having sintering, take the reason of hollow out because of product, cause the force structure of product to change, when product easily produces distortion when high temperature burns till; The product type limitation of producing big (mostly being smallclothes, three-dimensional part product) defective such as can't produce to plane or big specification product at all.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of exquisite ceramic glaze, by optimizing exquisite eye glaze formulation, introduce rare earth compound and substitute traditional ling-lung ware really with the glaze in the exquisite eye glaze, can make it have rational chemical constitution and well stable, reach the penetrating degree that improves exquisite eye glaze, high-temperature viscosity, widen the firing range of exquisite eye glaze, make it be more suitable for the ling-lung ware production technique, improve the sintering qualified rate of exquisite eye, reduce the bubble in the exquisite eye glaze simultaneously, improve the penetrating degree of exquisite eye, transparency makes exquisite eye have quartzy penetrating artistic effect, solves the defective that prior art exists.
The component of glaze of the present invention and content are:
SiO
244~63%, Al
2O
37~12%, CaO 5~12%, and SrO 0.5~2%, and ZnO 3~8%, K
2O 1~6.5%, Na
2O 1~5%, Li
2O 0.5~4%, B
2O
31~5%, MgO 0~3%, P
2O
50~1%, ZrO
20~4%, Y
2O
30.2~4%, Rb
2O 0~2%, HfO
20~2%; Described each component sum is 100%.
Preferably: SiO
246~55%, Al
2O
37~10%, CaO 6~10%, and SrO 1~2%, and ZnO 5~8%, K
2O 3~6.5%, Na
2O 1~3%, Li
2O 0.5~2%, B
2O
31~4%, MgO2~3%, P
2O
50~1%, ZrO
21~2%, Y
2O
30.2~4%, Rb
2O 1~2%, HfO
20.8~2%; Described each component sum is 100%.
Two of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of small-size glaze, and at 1100 ℃~1280 ℃, constant temperature time 20~120 minutes is fired and formed small-size glaze with the described glaze of one of the object of the invention.
Three of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of exquisite pottery, and the exquisite eye of described pottery forms by firing behind the two described small-size glazes of filling in the object of the invention.
Four of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of preparation technology of exquisite pottery, and described technology comprises step:
A) prepare base substrate by ceramic batch, and the base substrate of preparation is carried out drying treatment;
B) will rebuild through the base substrate of drying treatment after, by 600~1050 ℃ of low temperature biscuitings;
C) base substrate after the biscuiting is carried out glazing, and the base substrate after the glazing is carried out 1200~1400 ℃ of grand feus;
D) base substrate after the grand feu is carried out exquisite eye punching,, carry out 1050~1300 ℃ of glaze firing again, make finished product described exquisite hole perfusion small-size glaze.
In the preparation process of exquisite pottery, base substrate can be prepared from by preparation methods such as pressed compact, slip casting, plastic compression and static pressure.
In this technological process, adopt modes such as cutting of water cutter or laser sculpture, become grain of rice shape, circle, pointed, fan-shaped, linear or bending in the ceramic surface hollow out of burning till (water-intake rate of product is less than 5%) through high temperature, and the grain of rice shape net hole that is combined into or be combined into birds and flowers or water wave or cloud or personage's pattern, in the hole of product hollow out, fill up exquisite eye glaze again, firing and forming through one or many, promptly the cover-coat enamel of ling-lung ware and small-size glaze at twice or the mode of repeatedly successively burning till, overcome the exquisite pottery existing problems of tradition.
The preparation technology of exquisite pottery of the present invention, also can adopt following processing step:
A1) prepare base substrate by ceramic batch, and the base substrate of preparation is carried out drying treatment;
B1) will rebuild through the base substrate of drying treatment after, by 1200~1400 ℃ of high temperature biscuitings;
C1) base substrate after the biscuiting is carried out exquisite eye punching, with described exquisite hole perfusion small-size glaze, the product that has poured into small-size glaze is burnt till, temperature is controlled at 1100~1300 ℃, 20~120 minutes high temperature constant temperature time,
D1) base substrate is carried out the product that small-size glaze burns till and executes cover-coat enamel, and to the base substrate after the glazing carry out 1000~1200 ℃ of low temperature glazes fire finished product.
In the preparation process of exquisite pottery, base substrate can be prepared from by preparation methods such as pressed compact, slip casting, plastic compression and static pressure.
Exquisite pottery by this prepared forms can improve ling-lung ware product surface quality and class; The one-tenth porosity height of exquisite eye, exquisite eye is worn or is leaked to repair again again and burns till, and it is low to improve product percent of pass; Exquisite eye permeability such as crystal; Because of present technique is in modes such as just taking cutting of water cutter or laser sculpture product to be carried out hollow out behind product sintering or tight burning, can not cause the force structure of product to change, when product can not produce distortion during at easy fired, improve the regularity and the consistence of product; The product type of producing is wide, no matter is that big part product or Idiotype product can both be produced, and has solved the limitation of produced in conventional processes ling-lung ware to the product type.
According to the ceramic exquisite product of this explained hereafter, exquisite eye shape is even, regular, unified, and exquisite eye glaze is penetrating as quartzy, and product is regular indeformable, can produce the above super-huge exquisite product of 300mm simultaneously.
The present invention is by optimizing exquisite eye glaze formulation, introduce rare earth compound and substitute traditional ling-lung ware really with the glaze in the exquisite eye glaze, can make it have rational chemical constitution and stable preferably, reach the penetrating degree, the high-temperature viscosity that improve exquisite eye glaze, widen the firing range of exquisite eye glaze, make it be more suitable for the ling-lung ware production technique, improve the sintering qualified rate of exquisite eye, reduce the bubble in the exquisite eye glaze simultaneously, improve penetrating degree, the transparency of exquisite eye, make exquisite eye have quartzy penetrating artistic effect.
Exquisite ceramic preparation technology of the present invention, be to take at twice or the mode of repeatedly successively burning till with the cover-coat enamel of ling-lung ware and small-size glaze, the objectionable impurities initial oxidation branch in the ceramic body is taken off in elder generation's biscuiting, glazing again, do not influence glaze during glaze firing, defectives such as glaze pin hole, glaze bubble and surface irregularity can be reduced, the quality of product can be improved.Simultaneously, cover-coat enamel separated with small-size glaze burn till, reduce the mutual interference mutually between cover-coat enamel and the small-size glaze.
The present invention has solved the problem on deformation of ling-lung ware product fully; Solve exquisite the aplastic problem of breaking of traditional ling-lung ware, improved the qualification rate of product.Technology provided by the present invention, be more suitable for ling-lung ware production, operate more convenient, improve the sintering qualified rate of exquisite eye simultaneously, reduce the bubble in the exquisite eye glaze, improve penetrating degree, the transparency of exquisite eye, make exquisite eye have quartzy penetrating artistic effect, enrich the ceramic decoration method, improved the quality and the class of ling-lung ware product.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Exquisite eye glaze can prepare as follows: silica powder (325 order) 24~45%, nepheline powder (325 order): 20~40%, kaolin (325 order) 0~18%, borax 2~16%, zinc oxide 2~7%, zirconium silicate 0~4%, yttrium oxide 0.1~3%, lime carbonate 6~16%, magnesiumcarbonate 0~8%, Vanadium Pentoxide in FLAKES 0~2%, Strontium carbonate powder 0.5~6%, Quilonum Retard 2~10%, rubidium oxide 1~2.5%, hafnium oxide 1~2% is after above-mentioned raw materials mixed, 1520 ℃ of fusings, put into the cold water shrend and make frit.
Frit is packed in the ball mill, add water, high alumina ballstone and kaolin 5% and grind to form glaze slip, it is surplus less than 0.03% that fineness is controlled at 10000-hole sieve, then through 80~100 ℃ of oven dry, and make powder and cross 250 mesh sieves, be 10~15% to carry out mixing and stirring and can use the dry powder made according to the glaze water ratio.
Table 1 is the chemical ingredients of raw material used among the embodiment 1
Implement the preparation of the exquisite pottery of 2 grand feus
To produce the quartzy exquisite cup of 350ml is embodiment
Get water ratio and be 22~25% the concise pug of process, carry out roll forming on request, be with the mould seasoning then, treat product can from mould, take out carry out the cup bonding, bonding 350ml cup was carried out seasoning 2~4 hours, then product is carried out 80~90 ℃ of warm air dryings, after product drying is thorough, repair and wash base, send kiln to carry out 600~1050 ℃ of low temperature biscuitings subsequently so that follow-up glazing, on the good 350ml cup of biscuiting, execute cover-coat enamel and carry out 1200~1400 ℃ of grand feus, product after the glaze firing is tested, qualified product send down operation to play 5mm circular exquisite hole work according to layout, tests after punching is finished again, and qualified product carries out the perfusion of small-size glaze, the product that has poured into small-size glaze is burnt till, temperature is controlled at 1050~1300 ℃, 20~120 minutes high temperature constant temperature time, both can obtain penetrating as quartzy quartzy exquisite cup.
The preparation of the exquisite pottery of embodiment 3 low temperature glaze firing
To produce the quartzy exquisite fish dish of 350mm is embodiment
Get water ratio and be 22~25% the concise pug of process, carry out plastic pressure forming on request, the demoulding was carried out seasoning 4~8 hours, then product is carried out 80~90 ℃ of warm air dryings, after product drying is thorough, repair and wash base, send kiln to carry out 1200~1400 ℃ of high temperature biscuitings subsequently so that follow-up punching work, carry out the biscuit check, send down operation to beat the circular exquisite hole of 5mm according to layout the 350mm fish dish biscuit that is up to the standards, test after punching is finished again, qualified product carries out the perfusion of small-size glaze, the product that has poured into small-size glaze is burnt till, temperature is controlled at 1100~1300 ℃, 20~120 minutes high temperature constant temperature time, will go up cover-coat enamel on the product of burned small-size glaze, carry out glaze firing again, temperature of glaze firing is controlled at 1000~1200 ℃ both can obtain the quartzy exquisite cup fish dish of penetrating as quartzy 350mm.
The identical point of grand feu and low temperature glaze firing and difference
Identical point: the one-tenth porosity height of exquisite eye, exquisite eye is worn or is leaked to repair again again and burns till, and it is low to improve product percent of pass; Exquisite eye permeability such as crystal; Because of present technique is in modes such as just taking cutting of water cutter or laser sculpture product to be carried out hollow out behind product sintering or tight burning, can not cause the force structure of product to change, when product can not produce distortion during at easy fired, improve the regularity and the consistence of product; The product type of producing is wide, no matter is that big part product or Idiotype product can both be produced.
Difference: the product small-size glaze and the cover-coat enamel of grand feu is relative isolated.And the exquisite product of low temperature glaze firing, small-size glaze is under cover-coat enamel, combines with cover-coat enamel is sufficient.
Above content be in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation to further describing that the present invention did, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For the general technical staff of the technical field of the invention, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to the protection domain of inventing type.