CN101872866B

CN101872866B - Photo-induced protonized solar battery

Info

Publication number: CN101872866B
Application number: CN 200910082552
Authority: CN
Inventors: 江雷; 闻利平; 翟锦; 聂富强; 宋延林
Original assignee: Institute of Chemistry CAS
Current assignee: Institute of Chemistry CAS
Priority date: 2009-04-24
Filing date: 2009-04-24
Publication date: 2012-04-25
Anticipated expiration: 2029-04-24
Also published as: CN101872866A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the design and preparation method of the solar battery and relates to a photo-induced protonized solar battery for combining the solar energy and the photo acid molecules. In the invention, an enclosed container used as a photo-electrochemical pool is internally provided with a cation-exchange membrane, and the cation-exchange membrane divides the enclosed container into a first container and a second container which have different volumes; the first container contains the aqueous solution of the photo acid molecules and the second container contains water; one side wall of the first container is partially light-transmitted, and the transmitted light and the cation-exchange membrane form an incident angle of 90 degrees; the rest walls of the enclosed container are lightproof. The invention mainly uses the photolysis reaction of the photo acid molecules under the action of the light; the generated hydrogen ions concentration gradient can be used for ion exchange by the cation-exchange membrane to generate electric current and potential difference to do work to the outside; the ion concentration gradient generated by the photolysis of the photo acid molecules realizes the inner circulation of the photo acid molecules and the ions, and the inner circulation ensures the persistency and the constancy of the generated electric current.

Description

Photo-induced protonized solar battery

Technical field

The invention belongs to the design and the preparation method of solar cell, what be specifically related to is the photo-induced protonized solar battery of a kind of having of solar energy and photic protonated light acid molecule (photoactive substance) gang is efficient, cleaning, advantage such as renewable.

Background technology

The survival and development of the energy and human society are of close concern to each other, and the high speed development of human society is accompanied by the rapid increase of energy resource consumption.Yet cause pollution after the limited and burning of mining deposits, make the exploitation of renewable new forms of energy and application become national governments' economic development and build the target of pursuing " Journal of Membrane Science 319 (2008) 214-222 " safely environment.New forms of energy such as solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy, oceanic energy and biomass energy owing to have cleaning, renewable, distribute extensively and concern, exploitation and the utilization of many incomparable advantage enjoy energy circle such as reserves are huge.In recent years; Utilize the technical development of solar energy power generating to get quite swift and violent; Comprise the monocrystaline silicon solar cell that utilizes sunlight, polysilicon solar cell, DSSC and be the solar cell of material with organic compound etc.; Because renewable, cleaning that these batteries have, and characteristic such as the solar energy that is utilized is ubiquitous and enjoy people's favor " preparation of titanium dioxide micro-nano hierarchy and photoelectric properties thereof ".Yet; Monocrystaline silicon solar cell expensive; And the photoelectric conversion efficiency of DSSC and organic solar batteries is relatively low, and these defectives have all directly influenced " the Prog.Photovolt:Res.Appl.2004 that is widely used of these solar cells; 12:113-142 ".A kind ofly can solar energy and light acid molecule organically combined and obtain a kind of novel photo-induced protonized battery if design, and make it can the scale exploitation and use, this battery can become following renewable and clean energy resource surely.

Based on above thinking; The present invention's design is linked together with the hydrionic smooth acid molecule that in water, can dissociate out with solar energy; And tangible change can take place in this light acid molecule hydrogen ion concentration after photoinduction; The hydrogen ion that employing continues after the outside of battery adds light acid molecule that light impels inside battery and its photodissociation, to produce reaches the effect that stabling current produces in the continuous circulation of inside battery; Thereby a kind of photo-induced protonized solar battery is provided, and this battery is a kind ofly to have cleaning, renewable, economic serviceability by force and not limited by the locus, and the environment-friendly battery that can be widely used.

Summary of the invention

An object of the present invention is in order again environment to be caused secondary pollution problem after the shortage problem that solves non-renewable primary energy and the burning; Providing a kind of utilizes cheap solar energy to decompose light acid molecule (photoactive substance) generation zwitterion; And utilize the different of zwitterion dispersal direction and speed, thereby prepare the photo-induced protonized solar battery of renewable clean environment firendly.

Another object of the present invention is in order to improve the problem that traditional primary energy service efficiency is not high and primary energy is non-renewable; Provide a kind of anion that can the light acid molecule be produced after illumination generation photochemical reaction and cation and light acid molecule to circulate, and make the electric current of generation continue constant photo-induced protonized solar battery in the inside of battery.

Photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention is a kind of solar cell that collects solar energy and in water, can produce hydrionic smooth acid molecule gang through photoinduction.This photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises photoelectrochemistrpool pool, cation exchange membrane, in water, can produce hydrogen ion and anionic smooth acid molecule and electrode through photoinduction.

Photoelectrochemistrpool pool of the present invention comes down to a closed container; Four cation exchange membrane that inner wall sealing is connected with closed container are arranged in the described closed container; And this cation exchange membrane is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; Wherein, in first container, be contained with in water the aqueous solution that can produce hydrogen ion and anionic smooth acid molecule through photoinduction, in second container, be contained with water.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have some areas can printing opacity, and sees through light and become 90 to spend incidence angles with cation exchange membrane, and the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity.

Office, transmittance section in first container is provided with electrode (male or female); In second container, be provided with electrode (negative electrode or anode); And the lead of the electrode in first container (male or female) leads to outside first container, and the lead of the electrode in second container (male or female) leads to outside second container, and two leads outside closed container can join with electrical appliance.

Described first container is 1/10～1/2 with second volume of a container ratio.

Described first container side wall can printing opacity the part area account for 1/10～1/3 of this sidewall gross area.

Sunlight can only pass through the few part light acid molecule in printing opacity place irradiation first container of first container side wall, and the light acid molecule of the overwhelming majority is deposited at the lucifuge place, and its principle is as shown in Figure 1.

Described cation-exchange membrane only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through.

Described cation-exchange membrane refers to the cationic ion literary composition that in water, can dissociate out and changes film, in membrane structure, contains the cation-exchange membrane of acid active group in other words.Described acid active group is-SO ₃The H active group ,-OPO ₃H ₂Active group ,-PO ₃H ₂Active group ,-a kind of in the COOH active group, phenolic hydroxyl group active group.

The described cation-exchange membrane that contains acid active group is to be selected from-SO ₃Gathering in the group that third vinyl film forms of the polychloroethylene film of the polyethylene film of the polystyrene film of Sulfonated polystyrene film of H active group or perfluor, Sulfonated polyethylene film or perfluor, Sulfonated polychloroethylene film or perfluor, Sulfonated polypropylene screen or perfluor is at least a; Or

Be selected from-OPO ₃H ₂Gathering in the group that third vinyl film forms of the polypropylene screen of the polychloroethylene film of the polyethylene film of the polystyrene film of active group phosphorylation or the polystyrene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or the polyethylene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or the polychloroethylene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or perfluor is at least a; Or

Be selected from-PO ₃H ₂Gathering in the group that third vinyl film forms of the polypropylene screen of the polychloroethylene film of the polyethylene film of the polystyrene film of active group phosphorylation or the polystyrene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or the polyethylene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or the polychloroethylene film of perfluor, phosphorylation or perfluor is at least a; Or

Be selected from-polypropylene screen of the polychloroethylene film of the polyethylene film of the polystyrene film of COOH active group carboxylic acidization or the polystyrene film of perfluor, carboxylic acidization or the polyethylene film of perfluor, carboxylic acidization or the polychloroethylene film of perfluor, carboxylic acidization or perfluor gather in the group that third vinyl film forms at least a; Or

Be selected from polystyrene film or the perfluor of phenolic hydroxyl group active group phenolic hydroxyl groupization polystyrene film, phenolic hydroxyl groupization polyethylene film or perfluor polyethylene film, phenolic hydroxyl groupization polychloroethylene film or perfluor polychloroethylene film, phenolic hydroxyl groupization polypropylene screen or perfluor gather in the group that third vinyl film forms at least a; Or

Be selected from above-mentioned various-SO ₃The Sulfonated film of H active group ,-OPO ₃H ₂The film of active group phosphorylation ,-PO ₃H ₂The film of active group phosphorylation ,-at least a in the group that the film of COOH active group carboxylic acidization, the film of phenolic hydroxyl group active group phenolic hydroxyl groupization are formed.

The concentration of the aqueous solution of described smooth acid molecule is the concentration of 1 μ M～saturated solution.

Described smooth acid molecule is decomposed into hydrogen ion and anion under the effect that in the aqueous solution, reaches light photolysis taking place, and the light acid molecule before hydrogen ion can form photodissociation with the anion that the photodissociation of light acid molecule produces again again under the lucifuge condition.

Described smooth acid molecule is a kind of in aphthols light acid molecule, pyrene phenols light acid molecule or other light acid molecule etc.

Described aphthols light acid molecule is:

Described pyrene phenols light acid molecule is:

Described other light acid molecule is:

The present invention utilizes light acid molecule (photoactive substance) to issue the third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse in the illumination effect to separate reaction, the hydrogen ion concentration gradient that produces carry out ion-exchange through cation-exchange membrane and produce electric current and electrical potential difference is externally done work; Thereby utilize luminous energy exciting light acid molecule in this process all the time and utilize the ion concentration gradient that produces after the photodissociation of light acid molecule to realize the inner loop of light acid molecule and ion, this inner loop has guaranteed that the electric current that produces continues with constant.

As shown in Figure 1.Light acid molecule in first container has part not arrived by photoirradiation, like the light acid molecule of the lucifuge part 1 among Fig. 1; There is part to be arrived, like the light acid molecule of the light transmission part among Fig. 12 by photoirradiation; Can be by the light acid molecule of photoirradiation; The anion that produces after the part hydrogen ion that produces after its photodissociation and all photodissociation is to 1 diffusion of lucifuge part; The part hydrogen ion that another part photodissociation produces then spreads to second container through cation-exchange membrane; Cause the hydrionic concentration in second container to increase; And the anion that produces after the photodissociation and after the part hydrogen ion of lucifuge part 1 diffusion arrives lucifuge part 1, hydrogen ion wherein and converge with anionic reactive and form the light acid molecule of original adding again from the hydrogen ion that the diffusion of second container comes, this moment, lucifuge part 1 light acid molecule concentration was far longer than the light acid molecule concentration of light transmission part 2; Therefore; The light acid molecule shifts to light transmission part 2 from lucifuge part 1, thereby in first container, forms an interior circulation circuit, and circulation circuit is to keep output current to continue and basis of constant and assurance in this.For the light acid molecule in the battery; This light acid molecule issues in the effect of illumination and makes the pH value of water solution of light acid molecule that obvious variation can take place after the third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse is separated reaction, and the hydrogen ion of lucifuge part can also form the light acid molecule of original adding again with the anion that the light acid molecule produces.Electrode material adopts any two kinds of combinations in platinum electrode, silver/silver chloride electrode, the ITO electrode etc., preferably adopts the high platinum electrode of chemical stability.The operation principle of this photo-induced protonized solar battery is: solar light irradiation only is contained with before first container of the aqueous solution of light acid molecule; The kind and the concentration of the ion in the solution of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical, and the ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state; When solar light irradiation is contained with the light transmission part 2 in first container of the aqueous solution of light acid molecule; Photoirradiation to the light acid molecule issue the third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse in the effect of light and separate reaction; Producing hydrionic concentration gradient exchanges in second container through cation-exchange membrane; The anion and the part hydrogen ion of photolysis generation meanwhile then are diffused into the lucifuge part 1 in first container under the effect of concentration gradient; Hydrogen ion in second container also can be to 1 diffusion of lucifuge part under the effect of concentration gradient, and final hydrogen ion and the anion lucifuge part 1 in first container forms the light acid molecule of original use, and the light acid molecule concentration of lucifuge part 1 again can be higher than the concentration of light transmission part 2 in first container in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule shifts to light transmission part 2 from lucifuge part 1, thereby in first container, forms an interior circulation circuit, accomplishes a circulation thus.In this cyclic process, place the electrode of cation-exchange membrane both sides just to have electric current and electromotive force generation, as long as making circulation just have more constant electric current, continuous illumination produces.Its operation principle is seen Fig. 1.

Photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention is different with the conventional films solar cell; Mainly be to utilize the light acid molecule to issue third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse chemical reaction in the effect of illumination; Form hydrogen ion concentration gradient and anionic concentration gradient afterwards; Thereby the hydrogen ion concentration gradient that forms transports the process that charged hydrogen ion has realized being transformed into molecular kinetic energy electric energy through cation-exchange membrane; The hydrogen ion that anion is then come with diffusion forms the light acid molecule of (original) before the photodissociation again, and the light acid molecule that forms again is diffused into again can be by the light transmission part 2 in first container of photoirradiation; The inner loop motion of carrying out illumination and hydrogen ion that constantly produces and light acid molecule continuously is to realize basis renewable, that continue generating.

Photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention can solve a large amount of power tenses and the basic borderland and the electrical problem in mountain area of not having electricity in the industrial and agricultural production effectively, separates hydrogen ion process cation-exchange membrane that reaction produces and just can exchange interaction take place and generate electricity as long as the light acid molecule issues the third contact of a total solar or lunar eclipse in the sunlight effect.

The characteristics of photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention are, do not receive the constraint of the exterior power and the energy, only just can generate electricity with the decomposition reaction of solar light irradiation light acid molecule generation photochemistry.And do not receive spatial constraints, application prospect is boundless.

Photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention is that this generation mode that utilizes solar energy to decompose light acid molecule generation concentration gradient is compared with traditional thin-film solar cells, and cost is low.Photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention has novelty and using value more aspect the exploitation of new forms of energy.

Utilize the light acid molecule under the effect of illumination, to produce the hydrogen ion concentration gradient, utilize the hydrogen ion exchange principle to form electrical potential difference again, directly produce electric energy and process battery of the present invention through external circuit, its economy, the feature of environmental protection, recyclability is effective.Owing to can realize the shuttling movement of ion and light acid molecule behind the solar light irradiation in the inside of electrochemical cell, institute is so that produce current constant and can constantly outwards export.Can be applicable to industry, agricultural, national defence, traffic, scientific research and industry such as civilian.Use this battery that realistic meaning is more arranged for the not really complete area of remote electric power facility especially.

The photo-induced protonized solar battery that the present invention joins together solar energy and light acid molecule to prepare has wide material sources, cleaning, characteristic such as renewable.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. the principle schematic of photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention.

Fig. 2. the structural representation of photo-induced protonized solar battery of the present invention.

Fig. 3. the electric current that the light acid molecule produces in the illumination process is the variation relation curve in time.

Fig. 4. voltage that the light acid molecule produces in the illumination process and time-varying relationship curve.

Reference numeral

1. lucifuge part 2. light transmission parts 3. second containers

4. electrode 5. cation-exchange membranes 6. light sources

AH: light acid molecule A ^-: the light acid molecule decomposes the anion that the back produces

Embodiment

Embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the containing-SO as cation-exchange membrane 5 that the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the pyrene light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 4 structures through photoinduction ^-Represent) and platinum electrode 4.

Described containing-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container, and this contains-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; This closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; Wherein, first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 4 structures of described 2mM is that the pyrene light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 4 structures is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/3 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group becomes 90 degree incidence angles.

The electrode that office, transmittance section in first container is provided with is a platinum anode; The electrode that in second container, is provided with is a platinum cathode; The lead of described platinum anode and platinum cathode can join with electrical appliance after leading to outside the closed container.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 4 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the pyrene light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 4 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the pyrene light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1, the part hydrogen ion that produces after the pyrene light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 4 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through containing-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process, place to contain-SO ₃The platinum electrode of the polyethylene cation-exchange membrane both sides of the perfluor of H highly acid active group just has electric current and electromotive force produces, and produces as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

The photoelectric current that Fig. 3 representes this photo-induced protonized solar battery is the variation relation curve chart in time: the water that holds in the aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.Electric current, 15mWcm are surveyed in illumination simultaneously ^-2Illumination; Electric current is along with the prolongation electric current moment change of light application time is big, and maximum reaches 65 microamperes, and photolysis had taken place the pyrene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 4 structures when illumination was described; The hydrogen ion that photolysis produces realizes striding the film transportation under the concentration gradient effect, so moment produces very big electric current; Along with the growth of exposure time, the hydrogen ion concentration gradient that photodissociation produces reduces gradually and reaches a stationary value at last, when the time during long enough electric current be in definite value.

The electromotive force that Fig. 4 representes this photo-induced protonized solar battery is the variation relation curve chart in time: the water that holds in the aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the potential value of this moment is close to zero.Electromotive force is surveyed in illumination simultaneously, and electromotive force moment change is big, and photolysis had taken place pyrene light acid molecule 4 when illumination was described, the hydrogen ion that photolysis produces realizes striding the film transportation under the concentration gradient effect, contain after a period of time-SO ₃The ion of the polyethylene cation-exchange membrane both sides oppositely charged of the perfluor of H highly acid active group reaches certain numerical value, and its value is about 340 millivolts; Along with the growth of exposure time, the hydrogen ion concentration gradient that photodissociation produces reduces gradually, but contains-SO ₃Electric charge but is in relative balance state basically in the polyethylene cation-exchange membrane both sides solution of the perfluor of H highly acid active group, and potential value remains unchanged basically.

Embodiment 2.

The naphthalene light acid molecule and its concentration that change first container and second volume of a container ratio and be the light acid molecule that uses in 1/10, the first container and be aforementioned formula 1 structure are 1 μ M, and cation-exchange membrane is for containing-OPO ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group, used light intensity is 10mWcm during illumination ^-2Other condition is with embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the containing-OPO as cation-exchange membrane 5 that the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the naphthalene light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 1 structure through photoinduction ^-Represent) and platinum electrode 4.

Described containing-OPO ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container, and this contains-OPO ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container, and this closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material, and wherein, first container is 1/10 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 1 μ M that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 1 structure of described 1 μ M is that the naphthalene light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 1 structure is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/3 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-OPO ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group becomes 90 degree incidence angles.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 1 μ M that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 10mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 1 structure of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the naphthalene light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 1 structure produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the naphthalene light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 1 μ M at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 1 μ M at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1, the part hydrogen ion that produces after the naphthalene light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 1 structure at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through containing-OPO ₃H ₂The polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane of active group spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process, place to contain-OPO ₃H ₂The platinum electrode of the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane both sides of active group just has electric current and electromotive force produces, and produces as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 5 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 30 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 3.

When first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio, change the sidewall glazed area make can printing opacity the part area account for 1/10 of this sidewall gross area, use silver/silver chloride electrode to be connected simultaneously with external circuit, other condition is with embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the containing-SO as cation-exchange membrane 5 that the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the pyrene light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 4 structures through photoinduction ^-Represent) and silver/silver chloride electrode 4.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/10 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group becomes 90 degree incidence angles.

The electrode that office, transmittance section in first container is provided with is silver/silver chlorate anode; The electrode that in second container, is provided with is silver/silver chlorate negative electrode; The lead of described silver/silver chlorate anode and silver/silver chlorate negative electrode can join with electrical appliance after leading to outside the closed container.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 4 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the pyrene light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 4 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the pyrene light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1, the part hydrogen ion that produces after the pyrene light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 4 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through containing-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process, place to contain-SO ₃Silver/the silver chloride electrode of the polyethylene cation-exchange membrane both sides of the perfluor of H highly acid active group just has electric current and electromotive force produces, and produces as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 40 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 200 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 4.

Use simultaneously to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is cation-exchange membrane; The light acid molecule that holds in first container is the aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of 10mM, and other condition is with embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce; And do not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule the anion that produces after the rayed see through as the polyethylene of the containing of cation-exchange membrane 5-acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is cation-exchange membrane, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 7 structures through photoinduction ^-Represent) and platinum electrode 4.

Described containing-COOH the acid group of living polyethylene with contain-polypropylene composite film of COOH acidity active group is that cation-exchange membrane is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container; And this contains-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; This closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; Wherein, first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 10mM that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of described 10mM is that light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 7 structures is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/3 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane becomes 90 to spend incidence angles.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 10mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 7 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 10mM at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 10mM at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1; The part hydrogen ion that produces after the light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 7 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process; Place to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that the platinum electrode of cation-exchange membrane both sides just has electric current and electromotive force produces, produce as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 65 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 485 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 5.

Changing first container is 1/5 with second volume of a container ratio; The light acid molecule that uses in first container is that naphthalene light acid molecule and its concentration of aforementioned formula 1 structure is 10 μ M; Cation-exchange membrane is the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group, and used light intensity is 10mWcm during illumination ^-2Other condition is with embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce; And do not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule the anion that produces after the rayed see through as the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group of cation-exchange membrane 5, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the naphthalene light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 1 structure through photoinduction ^-Represent) and platinum electrode 4.

The described polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container; And this polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; This closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; Wherein, first container is 1/5 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 10 μ M that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 1 structure of described 10 μ M is that the naphthalene light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 1 structure is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/3 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity becomes 90 degree incidence angles with the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 10 μ M that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 10mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the naphthalene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 1 structure of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the naphthalene light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 1 structure produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the naphthalene light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 10 μ M at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the naphthalene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 1 structure of 10 μ M at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1; The part hydrogen ion that produces after the naphthalene light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 1 structure at 2 places, light transmission part in first container spreads to second container through the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane that contains the phenolic hydroxyl group active group under the effect of concentration gradient, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process, place the platinum electrode of the polyvinyl chloride cation-exchange membrane both sides of containing the phenolic hydroxyl group active group just to have electric current and electromotive force generation, as long as making circulation just have more constant electric current, continuous illumination produces.Wherein, stable current value can reach 23 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 286 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 6.

When first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio, change the sidewall glazed area make can printing opacity the part area account for 1/5 of this sidewall gross area, use the ITO electrode to be connected simultaneously with external circuit, other condition is with embodiment 1.

See also Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.Photo-induced protonized solar battery comprises closed container as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the containing-SO as cation-exchange membrane 5 that the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group, (this light acid molecule representes with AH in Fig. 1, and AH decomposes the anion that the back produces and uses A in water, can to produce the pyrene light acid molecule of hydrionic aforementioned formula 4 structures through photoinduction ^-Represent) and ITO electrode 4.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/5 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group becomes 90 degree incidence angles.

The electrode that office, transmittance section in first container is provided with is an ito anode; The electrode that in second container, is provided with is the ITO negative electrode; The lead of described ito anode and ITO negative electrode can join with electrical appliance after leading to outside the closed container.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the pyrene light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 4 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the pyrene light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 4 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the pyrene light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the pyrene light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 4 structures of 2mM at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1, the part hydrogen ion that produces after the pyrene light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 4 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through containing-SO ₃The polyethylene cation-exchange membrane of the perfluor of H highly acid active group spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process, place to contain-SO ₃The ITO electrode of the polyethylene cation-exchange membrane both sides of the perfluor of H highly acid active group just has electric current and electromotive force produces, and produces as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 16 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 110 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 7.

Use simultaneously to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is cation-exchange membrane; The light acid molecule that holds in first container is the aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of 4mM, and other condition is with embodiment 1.

Described containing-COOH the acid group of living polyethylene with contain-polypropylene composite film of COOH acidity active group is that cation-exchange membrane is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container; And this contains-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; This closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; Wherein, first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 4mM that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of described 4mM is that light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 7 structures is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 4mM that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 7 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 4mM at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures of 4mM at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1; The part hydrogen ion that produces after the light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 7 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process; Place to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that the platinum electrode of cation-exchange membrane both sides just has electric current and electromotive force produces, produce as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 23 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 225 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Embodiment 8.

Use simultaneously to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is cation-exchange membrane; The light acid molecule that holds in first container is the aqueous solution of the saturated light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures, and other condition is with embodiment 1.

Described containing-COOH the acid group of living polyethylene with contain-polypropylene composite film of COOH acidity active group is that cation-exchange membrane is connected with four inner wall sealings of closed container; And this contains-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; This closed container is processed by polytetrafluoroethylmaterial material; Wherein, first container is 1/2 with second volume of a container ratio; The aqueous solution of the saturated light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures that in first container, holds is contained with water in second container.

The aqueous solution of the saturated light acid molecule of described aforementioned formula 7 structures is that light acid molecule with aforementioned formula 7 structures is dissolved in the water and prepares.

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have the place, a place can printing opacity; Make and comprise lucifuge part 1 and light transmission part 2 in first container; Permeation parts is prepared by quartz glass; And the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity, and the part area that first container side wall can printing opacity accounts for 1/3 of this sidewall gross area; The light that sees through from the sidewall printing opacity with contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane becomes 90 to spend incidence angles;

Before the illumination; The water that holds in the aqueous solution of the saturated light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures that holds in first container and second container is through after placing a period of time; The kind and the concentration of the ion of cation-exchange membrane both sides are identical; Ion in first container and second container is in relative balance state, and the current value of this moment is close to zero.When adding 15mWcm at the first container place ^-2Behind the light; The aqueous solution of the light acid molecule of aforementioned formula 7 structures of light in from the printing opacity irradiation of first container side wall to first container; Because the light acid molecule generation photochemical reaction of aforementioned formula 7 structures produces hydrogen ion and anion; Cause hydrogen ion and hydroxide ion concentration in the water of the anion that generates after the saturated light acid molecule photodissociation that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures at the aqueous solution, 2 places, light transmission part of the saturated light acid molecule that contains aforementioned formula 7 structures at lucifuge part 1 place in first container and the hydrionic aqueous solution and second container unequal, make the ion in first container and second container be in non-equilibrium state.As shown in Figure 1; The part hydrogen ion that produces after the light acid molecule photolysis of aforementioned formula 7 structures at 2 places, light transmission part in first container under the effect of concentration gradient through contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that cation-exchange membrane spreads to second container, part hydrogen ion and anion under the concentration gradient effect, be diffused into respectively in first container can not be by lucifuge part 1 place of photoirradiation; Meanwhile; Be diffused into the light acid molecule that forms original adding after the lucifuge part 1 that hydrogen ion in second container 3 can further be diffused into first container again with the anion effect of coming again from light transmission part 2 diffusions of first container by 2 places, light transmission part of first container; Cause the concentration of the light acid molecule at lucifuge part 1 place in first container again can be higher at last than the concentration of the light acid molecule at 2 places, light transmission part in first container; Therefore under the concentration gradient effect; The light acid molecule is diffused into 2 places, light transmission part that can be arrived by photoirradiation again, causes this and accomplishes a circulation.In this cyclic process; Place to contain-polyethylene of the acid group of living of COOH with contain-polypropylene composite film of the acid active group of COOH is that the platinum electrode of cation-exchange membrane both sides just has electric current and electromotive force produces, produce as long as continuous illumination makes circulation just have more constant electric current.Wherein, stable current value can reach 45 microamperes, and stable potential value can reach 410 millivolts.The measuring instrument of used electric current and electromotive force is respectively 6487 picoammeters and the 2482A potentiometer of U.S. Keithley instrument company in the experiment.

Claims

1. photo-induced protonized solar battery, it comprises closed container, cation exchange membrane as photoelectrochemistrpool pool, in water, can produce hydrogen ion and anionic smooth acid molecule and electrode through photoinduction; It is characterized in that:

Four cation exchange membrane that inner wall sealing is connected with closed container are arranged in the described closed container; And this cation exchange membrane is divided into unequal first container of volume and second container with described closed container; Wherein, In first container, be contained with in water the aqueous solution that can produce hydrogen ion and anionic smooth acid molecule through photoinduction, in second container, be contained with water;

Described closed container has only a sidewall of wherein said first container to have some areas can printing opacity, and sees through light and become 90 to spend incidence angles with cation exchange membrane, and the wall of all the other closed containers is can not printing opacity;

Office, transmittance section in first container is provided with male or female; In second container, be provided with negative electrode or anode; And the lead of the male or female that is provided with in first container leads to outside first container, leads to outside second container corresponding to the lead of negative electrode that is provided with in second container or anode;

Described cation exchange membrane only allows the light acid molecule in water, to see through through the hydrogen ion that photoinduction can produce, and the anion that does not allow light acid molecule itself and light acid molecule after rayed, to produce sees through; And be the cation exchange membrane that in membrane structure, contains acid active group;

Described smooth acid molecule is decomposed into hydrogen ion and anion under the effect that in the aqueous solution, reaches illumination photolysis taking place, and the light acid molecule before hydrogen ion can form photodissociation with the anion that the photodissociation of light acid molecule produces again again under the lucifuge condition;

Described smooth acid molecule is a kind of among aphthols light acid molecule, pyrene phenols light acid molecule or

;

2. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described electrode material is platinum electrode, silver/silver chloride electrode or ITO electrode.

3. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described first container is 1/10～1/2 with second volume of a container ratio.

4. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the described cation exchange membrane that contains acid active group is to be selected from acid active group Sulfonated, phosphorylation, carboxylic acidization or the polystyrene film of phenolic hydroxyl groupization or the polystyrene film of perfluor; Acid active group Sulfonated, phosphorylation, carboxylic acidization or the polyethylene film of phenolic hydroxyl groupization or the polyethylene film of perfluor; Acid active group Sulfonated, phosphorylation, carboxylic acidization or the polychloroethylene film of phenolic hydroxyl groupization or the polychloroethylene film of perfluor, at least a in the group that acid active group polypropylene screen Sulfonated, phosphorylation, carboxylic acidization or phenolic hydroxyl groupization is formed.

5. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described acid active group is-SO ₃The H active group ,-OPO ₃H ₂Active group ,-PO ₃H ₂Active group ,-a kind of in the COOH active group, phenolic hydroxyl group active group.

6. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the concentration of the aqueous solution of described smooth acid molecule is the concentration of 1 μ M～saturated solution.

7. photo-induced protonized solar battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that:

Described aphthols light acid molecule is:

Described pyrene phenols light acid molecule is: