CN101867493B - Ethernet network packet fast-forwarding realization method based on microwave facility network management system - Google Patents
Ethernet network packet fast-forwarding realization method based on microwave facility network management system Download PDFInfo
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- CN101867493B CN101867493B CN2010101998125A CN201010199812A CN101867493B CN 101867493 B CN101867493 B CN 101867493B CN 2010101998125 A CN2010101998125 A CN 2010101998125A CN 201010199812 A CN201010199812 A CN 201010199812A CN 101867493 B CN101867493 B CN 101867493B
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Abstract
The invention relates to an ethernet network packet fast-forwarding realization method based on a microwave facility network management system; the method is realized based on the microwave facility network management system; the system comprises a management station and a plurality of microwave stations, the microwave station is composed of a microwave facility or a plurality of microwave facilities, the management station is connected with one microwave facility in one microwave station by a network line, a plurality of microwave facilities in one microwave station are connected by the network line, the adjacent microwave stations are connected mutually by a microwave link, self-definition is carried out to data format on the basis of simple network management protocol SNMP. In the invention, fast forwarding from the ethernet network packet structure to 64kbit/s serial line is realized, fast, stable and reliable forwarding requirements of a data packet are met, and the invention is a fast-forwarding realization method of the ethernet network packet in the serial link.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to based on the quick implementation method of transmitting of the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system; Just a kind of implementation method of on the 64kbit/s arrowband, passing through microwave equipment network management system transmission Ethernet bag belongs to and adopts the technical field of transmitting Ethernet bag realization network management fast.
Background technology
Microwave communication be a kind of economy, flexibly, wireless transmission method easily, be applicable to various message capacities, communication distance and communication environment.Microwave communication utilizes the microwave channel transmission of digital signals, and its characteristics are following:
(1) communication frequency adopts microwave frequency band, the influence that not changed by weather, industrial interference and sunspot, and reliability is high, and antenna size is little;
(2) can transmit multiple signals simultaneously, increase the microwave telecommunication devices frequency band, improve message capacity;
(3) installation is quick, flexible, and conveniently moving uses simply, and application is constantly expanded.
The RS232 interface is generally adopted in early stage monitoring of tools, maintenance, management, realizes telemanagement through the communication line of special use.The fast development of the Internet impels monitoring of tools, maintenance, management to adopt Ethernet interface, through computer internet realization manager with by the interconnection between the manager.Because Ethernet uses broadcast mechanism, there is the race problem of communication media layer, though adopt the transmission bandwidth of self adaptation 10M/100M, can satisfy different application environments, there are many difficulties in transmission Ethernet bag on the 64kbit/s arrowband of serial.How the packets of information of transmitting on the 10M/100M bandwidth is compressed on the 64kbit/s arrowband and transmits, and can satisfy the response requirement of Ethernet; Adopt which kind of routing algorithm to solve the multi-hop problem in the serial transmission line; How to come the information between the transmission equipment, carry out the communication between the equipment through Ethernet, serial ports, microwave link, and mutual between the completion equipment.These problems are to realize the obstacle of the facility network Manifold technology development on the serial transmission line on the Internet always.
Some technical problems of transmission Ethernet bag on the 64kbit/s arrowband cause present many microwave transport equipments not to be supported in and realize telemanagement and maintenance on the computer internet, have hindered the development of self.Rapid propelling along with the Chinese national economy IT application process; The rapid expansion that fields such as telecommunication service, power monitoring, radio and television are professional, be fit to mobile communication business or territorial scope wide, disperse cordless communication network---the application of microwave network also more and more widely.Administering and maintaining of numerous equipment is a very stubborn problem in the microwave communication network.Traditional microwave equipment administers and maintains general needs and reaches the spot and on device panel, make amendment and be provided with; Or carry notebook computer and pass through AccessPort; Big limitations the efficient of plant maintenance, can't guarantee the real-time requirement of some equipment debuggings, also wasted manpower, financial resources.For the microwave communication network of continuous expansion, the remote access that can be implemented on the computer internet equipment becomes a technology that needs to be resolved hurrily now with management.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the implementation method of transmitting fast based on the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system; Computer network is mixed use with microwave link; Adopt the Proxy Method of Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP and Web service; Utilize the thought of compression in microwave link, to transmit the Ethernet data bag, thereby solve the message transmission problem in the microwave equipment network management system.
The present invention seeks to realize in the following manner:
Based on the quick implementation method of transmitting of the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system; Described method is moved based on the microwave equipment network management system; This system comprises a management station (1) and a plurality of microwave station (2); A microwave station (2) is made up of a microwave equipment or many microwave equipments; Every microwave equipment comprises indoor unit IDU (3) and outdoor unit ODU (4), and the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment comprises monitoring of tools (5) and OAMAgent (6), and described OAMAgent (6) comprises Agent module (61), Web server module (62) and serial communication modular (63); Described monitoring of tools (5) comprises monitoring module (51) and serial communication modular (52); Connect through cable (9) between indoor unit IDU (3) and the outdoor unit ODU (4), management station (1) is connected with a microwave equipment in the microwave station (2) through netting twine (8), and many interior microwave equipments of a microwave station (2) interconnect through netting twine (8); Interconnect through microwave link (7) between adjacent two microwave stations (2), realize that the quick forwarding concrete steps of Ethernet bag are following: as shown in Figure 1:
1. management station (1) sends the SNMP request data package through the Ethernet of standard; Receive this request data package with a microwave equipment in the direct-connected microwave station of management station (1) (2); Microwave equipment judges whether to visit local device through the Agent module (61) of the part of the OAMAgent (6) among its indoor unit IDU (3); If visit local microenvironment wave device; Then Agent module (61) is checked management object information storehouse MIB, extracts up-to-date status information of equipment, and management station (1) is given through the Ethernet loopback in the packing back;
2. if not visit local microenvironment wave device then transmit as follows, if in this microwave station multiple devices are arranged; Agent module (61) is given the coupled microwave equipment in the same microwave station (2) through the Ethernet forwarding of standard, and this microwave equipment receives and analyzes packet, judges whether to visit local device; If; Check management object information storehouse MIB, extract up-to-date status information of equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station by the path of the transmission packet of mark;
If 3. not having multiple devices in this microwave station perhaps is not the visit local device; The Agent module (61) of microwave equipment is assembled into this SNMP request package the serial ports frame format of self-defining data form through the mode of compression, mark; And then be sent to monitoring of tools (5) part of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment through serial communication modular (63), be mapped to the microwave equipment that is forwarded to next microwave station (2) on the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s then;
4. the monitoring of tools (5) of the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment receives and analyzes the SNMP request data package of compression in the next microwave station (2) from the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s; Judge whether to visit local device; If visit local microenvironment wave device; Directly from the state information of monitoring of tools (5) the part collecting device of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station (1) by the path of the transmission request data package of mark then;
5. if not visit local microenvironment wave device, and have only this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2), just stop transmitting;
If 6. in this microwave station (2) many microwave equipments are arranged; Then send to the Agent module (61) of its OAMAgent (6) part through monitoring of tools (5) serial communication modular (52) partly of this microwave equipment indoor unit IDU (3); Agent module (61) decompresses to the SNMP request data package of this compression; Revert to the Ethernet bag of standard; Behind the extracted valid data, by the Ethernet mode of Agent module (61), be transmitted to next microwave equipment that links to each other with this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2) again through standard;
7. after the next stage microwave equipment receives the SNMP request data package, handle according to step as above 2.～6..
Beneficial effect:
The present invention has researched and developed the implementation method that a cover is transmitted based on the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system fast, because the microwave communication network and the Ethernet of microwave station are different, the microwave link between each website is not suitable for transmitting Ethernet data.In order to realize management to the microwave communication network; We use embedded technology and in the microwave equipment of microwave relay station, add the OAMAgent part; And integrated use Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP and serial communication protocol; Accomplished the management system of a complete microwave communication network, realized that packet is transmitting on the 10M/100M Ethernet and on the 64kbit/s microwave link, transmitting.The thought that the present invention adopts compression with packet from the 10M/100M Ethernet forwarding to the 64kbit/s microwave link, and adopt the thought that decompresses will revert to the Ethernet bag of standard from the compressed data packets that the 64kbit/s microwave link receives.
The present invention through between management station and microwave equipment, adopting ICP/IP protocol transmission network management information, realizes the Route Selection between the distinct device through the operation of microwave equipment network management system; On embedded ARM processor; Use Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP); Performance, operational environment requirement according to equipment in the microwave line; Realizing the monitoring and the control of each parameter of microwave equipment, reach the purpose of management station to the remote access and the control of microwave equipment, is a kind of solution preferably.
Adopt the present invention can bring a lot of convenience to realizing the network management of microwave relay net.At first, the angle from the user uses need not be reached the spot plant maintenance person at every turn, can be at this equipment of remote access Anywhere in the whole world, and monitor.In addition, adopt the web browsing mode during user access device, only need to click relevant device and just can long-rangely connect, simple and convenient, do not need special training just can use; Secondly, can adopt dual mode to the management of microwave equipment, a kind of is through the remote web mode, and another kind is through the management-plane on the microwave equipment.The keeper can select way to manage voluntarily according to condition at that time, can not delay the repairing time.Microwave equipment network management system of the present invention possesses telemanagement, maintenance function; Can simplify loaded down with trivial details management, maintenance task; The operating cost of reduction equipment, to the service quality that improves the microwave communication network, strengthen the competitiveness of microwave communication network, the scope of application that further enlarges the microwave communication network will play positive impetus.The present invention can cut down expenses for enterprises and institutions, raises the efficiency, and increases profit; For society, can improve resource utilization and social total operational efficiency.Therefore, research and development of the present invention, use, popularization not only have realistic meaning, and far-reaching social effect is arranged.
Therefore the invention has the beneficial effects as follows that forwarding speed is fast, data are reliable, it is convenient to transplant, and is applicable to the problem that the microwave equipment network management system is transmitted the Ethernet bag in serial transmission line fast.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a microwave equipment network management system topological diagram;
Fig. 3 is the self-defining data form of SNMP;
Fig. 4 is the serial data frame format;
Fig. 5 is the serial communication program flow chart;
Fig. 6 is the formation structure chart of the indoor unit IDU of microwave equipment;
Fig. 7 is the set operational flowchart;
Fig. 8 is that the Ethernet data bag is forwarded to flow chart on the 64kbit/s time slot;
Fig. 9 is the Ethernet bag flow chart of standard that the Ethernet data bag of compression is reverted to.
Embodiment
One. overall implementation structure
Based on the quick implementation method of transmitting of the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system; Described method is moved based on the microwave equipment network management system; This system comprises a management station 1 and a plurality of microwave stations 2; A microwave station 2 is made up of a microwave equipment or many microwave equipments, and every microwave equipment comprises indoor unit IDU3 and outdoor unit ODU4, and the indoor unit IDU3 of a microwave equipment comprises monitoring of tools 5 and OAMAgent 6; Described OAMAgent 6 comprises Agent module 61, Web server module 62 and serial communication modular 63; Described monitoring of tools 5 comprises monitoring module 51 and serial communication modular 52, connects through cable 9 between indoor unit IDU3 and the outdoor unit ODU4, and management station 1 is connected with a microwave equipment in the microwave station 2 through netting twine 8; Microwave station 2 many interior microwave equipments interconnect through netting twine 8; Interconnect through microwave link 7 between adjacent two microwave stations 2, can transmit the Ethernet bag fast in order to ensure the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s arrowband, guarantee in the same station or different station between microwave equipment can proper communication; The microwave equipment network management system needs the basic management function of a cover, comprises configuration management, performance management, fault management, system management and other management.
As shown in Figure 2; The network management software (comprising relevant database) is installed by management station 1 (Network Manager Station), through snmp protocol and http protocol mode the whole network microwave equipment is managed; Check and various parameters are set, and receiving alarm information.
Microwave equipment in the same microwave station 2 connects (RJ45) through netting twine 8, adopts the Ethernet protocol of standard; Microwave equipment between the different microwave stations 2 is through microwave link 7 transmission data.Each microwave equipment of being managed operation web server software, SNMP Agent (agency) software and serial communication software.
Management station 1 can sign in to the microwave equipment that directly links to each other with it through the IP address, and the employing http protocol is managed it and safeguarded.
Management station 1 can also pass through snmp protocol, at first with the microwave equipment indoor unit IDU3 that directly links to each other in Agent module 61 communicate, data can be transmitted in the station and between the station, thus realization is to the management of whole network equipment.Consider the particularity of network topology structure, promptly the microwave link 7 through 64kbit/s transmits data between the station, therefore need carry out conversion to the standard snmp protocol, formulates special-purpose data format.Describe in the face of concrete the realization down.
The monitoring of the microwave equipment that 1 pair of quilt of management station is managed mainly comprises the facility information of the microwave equipment that inquiry is managed, and the processing of the facility information and the warning information of the microwave equipment of being managed is set.
If management station 1 needs the parameter information of microwave equipment E among the inquiry microwave station 2S3, and is as shown in Figure 2.Carry out through following step:
(1) management station 1 passes through snmp protocol; Send the Query Information request to microwave equipment A; Run on Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment A and receive query requests and analyze,, then transmit Query Information request SNMP bag if not inquiry local device (microwave equipment A) information; Forwarding has both direction; Direction is that the Ethernet according to standard is forwarded to microwave equipment F with Query Information request SNMP bag, and the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment F is analyzed the back and found it is not the information of sending out to this equipment, according to the quick retransmission protocol of Ethernet bag; After packet compressed; Be forwarded to monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment F through serial communication modular 63, monitoring of tools 5 part mapping through microwave equipment F stop after being forwarded to the microwave equipment G among the microwave station 2S2 then to the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s again.Another direction is carried out according to (2)-(7) step.
(2) the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment A will be compressed and reduce the packets of information head the SNMP packet, assemble the packet in the quick retransmission protocol.Be transmitted to monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment A through serial communication modular 63.
(3) monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment A, receive query requests from serial ports after, thereby be mapped on the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s the microwave equipment B that the SNMP request package is transmitted to microwave station 2S4.
(4) after monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment B receive query requests; Through analyzing; Find it is not inquiry local device information (microwave equipment B), be sent to query requests through serial communication modular 52 the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment B.
(5) the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment B is carried out data transaction with the SNMP request package that receives compression, and is encapsulated among the SNMP PDU, gives microwave equipment C through the Ethernet forwarding of standard at last.
(6) the Agent module in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment C 61 receives request and analyzes; Find it is not inquiry local device information (microwave equipment C); Then transmit Query Information request SNMP bag; Forwarding has both direction; A direction is to send in monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment C through the serial communication modular 63 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment C, and then is mapped on the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s, stops after request packet is transmitted to the microwave equipment H among the microwave station 2S5.Another direction is carried out according to (7)-(8) step.
(7) the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment C is transmitted to microwave equipment D through the Ethernet of standard with request packet.Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment D receives request and analyzes; Find it is not inquiry local device information (microwave equipment D); Then send to Query Information request SNMP bag through serial communication modular 63 monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment D; Monitoring of tools 5 part mapping of passing through microwave equipment D then are transmitted to the microwave equipment E among microwave station 2 S3 with request packet to the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s.
(8) monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment E are received microwave equipment D sent request packets of information; Analyze and find it is inquiry local device information (microwave equipment E); Collect the parameter information of microwave equipment E then, and be recycled to management station to response message by original path.When return information transmits between the station, adopt the encapsulation of SNMPSet message, final microwave equipment is replied data through SNMP Trap message to PC.
(9) monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment E are with the parameter information that collects, facility information; Compress and reduce header packet information; Assemble the packet in the quick retransmission protocol, be transmitted to the microwave equipment D of microwave station S4 again through its monitoring of tools 5 part mapping to the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s.
(10) monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment D receive packets of information; Find it is the information that mails to management station through analyzing; So be sent to the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment D through serial communication modular 52, Agent module 61 is given microwave equipment C through the Ethernet forwarding of standard.
(11) the Agent module in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment C 61 receives packets of information; Find it is the echo message that mails to management station 1 through analyzing; Owing to process of transmitting, can send the path by mark from the request package that management station 1 sends; Event sends back and should wrap is to transmit by original route, so there is not the forwarding of both direction here.So the Agent module 61 of microwave equipment C sends microwave equipment B to according to the Ethernet of standard.
(12) the Agent module in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment B 61 receives packets of information, finds it is the echo message that sends to management station 1 through analyzing, and then compresses and reduces the packets of information head, assembles the packet in the quick retransmission protocol.Send monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment B to through serial communication modular 63, be transmitted to the microwave equipment A of microwave station 2S1 through monitoring of tools 5 part mapping to the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s then.
(13) monitoring of tools 5 parts of microwave equipment A receive packets of information; Find it is the echo message that sends to management station 1 through analyzing; So send to the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment A through serial communication modular 52; The SNMP bag of 61 pairs of compressions of Agent module decompresses, and reverts to the SNMP packets of information of standard, directly is transmitted to management station 1 through Ethernet.
Similarly, if management station 1 need be provided with the parameter information of microwave equipment E, can being set, request be sent to microwave equipment E by same step.
If microwave equipment E has warning information to produce, initiatively send data to microwave link 7 and Ethernet both direction because this moment microwave equipment E and do not know the microwave equipment that management station 1 is connected.Warning information is constantly transmission in whole microwave communication network, till arriving management station 1.
What need supplementary notes is, the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6, and Web server module 62 adheres to three standalone modules separately with serial communication modular 52 or 63, simultaneously operation.Do not have direct data communication between Agent module 61 and the Web server module 62, and carry out data communication through named pipes mechanism between Agent module 61 (or Web server module 62) and serial communication modular 52 or 63.
Named pipes (named pipe, FIFO) is the popularization of general pipeline (pipe), has overcome the nameless restriction of pipeline, makes the process of affinity-less relation can adopt the communication mechanism of first in first out to communicate equally.FIFO is different from general pipeline part and is that it provides a pathname related with it, is present in the file system with the document form of FIFO.First in first out (First In First Out) is followed in the FIFO strictness, always reads from beginning return data, and writing then of they added data to end, and they do not support to operate such as l seek document alignments such as ().
Again the definition of two .SNMP agreements
Between the microwave link 7 of 10M/100M Ethernet and 64kbit/s; Communicate, transmit data; Need through self-defining quick retransmission protocol; Be implemented in the SNMP packets of information of transmission compression on the branch road of 64kbit/s, so need the data format of Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP be defined again.
Snmp protocol is used for two occasions in the whole system communication process:
1. the communication between management station 1 and the direct associated devices (Ethernet interface through in the microwave equipment OAMAgent 6 is connected).Management station 1 sends the data query request or parameter request is set to Agent module 61 with the PDU form of Set operation, and Agent module 61 replys the data query request with the Trap form or answer is provided with parameter request.Set operation is to certain management object, is provided with according to the numerical value of appointment.Numerical value to appointment in the microwave equipment network management system has carried out definition again, and form is as shown in Figure 3.
Sign: take 1 byte.0 expression sends a warning message; 1 expression data query request or the request of answer data query; Parameter request is set in 2 expressions or answer is provided with parameter request.
Purpose terminal number source terminal number: adopt the storage of packed BCD sign indicating number.As 234567, expression purpose terminal number is: 423 (non-234), source terminal number are: 567.When management station 1 sent request, source terminal number was changed to 0, and the purpose terminal number is for by inquiry or be set up the terminal number of equipment; When Agent module 61 was replied data, source terminal number was for by inquiry or be set up the terminal number of equipment, and the purpose terminal number is 0b0.
OID: identity management object.Therefore only all expansions under 1.3.6.1.4.1.1199 of management object in the native system need indicate latter two node serial number and can distinguish different management objects.
Data: length is by the decision of OID value, and different management objects possibly have different types, so the length of its value maybe be different.
In addition, the microwave equipment that directly links to each other with management station 1 is provided with sign, when microwave equipment receives the data of management station's 1 transmission, launches sign; When microwave equipment receives request msg or when Ethernet interface receives the request msg of other device forwards from serial ports, clear flag.So just can confirm that which platform equipment directly links to each other with management station 1,, should directly transmit, and not re-send to other microwave equipment to management station 1 if this equipment receives the answer data from other equipment.
2. the data forwarding between the equipment in the microwave station 2.When equipment need be transmitted data in the microwave station 2, through Set PDU form to other microwave equipment broadcast datas.The OID that uses is: 1.3.6.1.4.1.1199.10.1.0, disregard the response message of Set PDU form here.
Three. the serial communication protocol analysis
No matter the information that receives is sent to that microwave equipment in the microwave network,, all need transmits through serial ports in the inner communication of indoor unit IDU3.Link to each other through serial ports between monitoring of tools 5 that indoor unit IDU3 is inner and the OAMAgent 6, be exactly specifically in the OAMAgent 6 in employed serial ports and the monitoring of tools 5 serial ports that uses link to each other.The two can both support asynchronous communication preferably, therefore adopts the asynchronous serial communication mode here.
The serial data frame format, as shown in Figure 4.Can transmit two types of data of the information of setting and response message, the information that wherein is provided with is sent through the serial communication modular in the OAMAgent 6 63, and the serial communication modular 52 in the monitoring of tools 5 receives.The transmission direction of response message is with that information is set is opposite.
Each fields specify of Frame is following:
(1) start bit: value is 0xcc or 0xc3, and wherein 0xcc representes to be provided with information, and 0xc3 representes response message.
(2) length position: command bit and data bit length sum in the expression frame.
(3) command bit: be used for the function of identification frames.
(4) data bit: information or response message are set.
(5) verification with: command bit, data bit by the byte addition, are not calculated and are overflowed, get two bytes.
(6) stop bits: represent a frame end, get fixed value 0xf3.
Parameter through being provided with microwave equipment is analyzed, and the defined order position is following with the corresponding relation that parameter can be set:
0x41: link transmission capacity (LinkCapacity);
0x42: device end number (TermNum);
0x43: link No. (LinkID);
0x44: the operating wave Taoist monastic name (ODUChannel) of outdoor unit ODU;
0x45: the collection of letters bandwidth (ODURxBand) of outdoor unit ODU;
0x49: the transmitting power of outdoor unit ODU (ODUTxPower);
0x4a: the transmitting power ON/OFF (ODUTxMute) of outdoor unit ODU;
The masked state of 0x4b:E1 mouth (E1Mask);
0x4c: the wrapped state (RMTE1LBK) of opposite end E1 mouth;
0x4d: withdraw from the loopback setting (EXITRMTE1LBK) of opposite end E1 mouth;
0x4e: alarm threshold (BERALMTH);
0x4f: the wrapped state of indoor unit IDU (IDULoopback);
0x50: the test pattern of equipment (Tes tMode);
0x51: the date (IDUDate) that indoor unit IDU is set;
0x52: the time (IDUTime) that indoor unit IDU is set;
0x5b: alarm buzzer ON/OFF (ALMBeep);
0x5c: error code counting zero clearing (CLRERRCount);
Need to prove because demand analysis stage is not accurate enough to the management object analysis of microwave equipment, redundancy is arranged when realizing, therefore the numbering of above order is not continuous, does not for example use orders such as 0x46,0x47.
Serial communication modular 63 runs on the OAMAgent 6, keeps watch on serial equipment and pipeline, can realize data transmitted in both directions between the OAMAgent 6 of microwave equipment and monitoring of tools 5.This program work flow chart is as shown in Figure 5, and is existing following to each functions of modules analysis:
1. initialization
Mainly comprise opening conduits, open serial ports, tasks such as serial ports are set.
(1) opening conduits com_out, serial communication modular 63 are from this pipeline reading of data, and Agent module 61 (or Web server module 62) writes data to this pipeline.
com_out＝open(pipe_com_out，O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)；
(2) opening conduits snmp_out, serial communication modular 63 writes data to this pipeline, and Agent module 61 is from this pipeline reading of data.
snmp_out＝open(pipe_snmp_out，O_RDWR|O_NONBLOCK)；
(3) open serial ports uart, serial communication modular 52 or 63 sends request through this serial ports to monitoring of tools 5, and collects replying of monitoring of tools 5 loopbacks.
uart＝open(″/dev/tts/1″，O_RDWR)；
(4) serial ports is set, mainly accomplishes through structure termio is set.This structure setting is very complicated, and common parameter has baud rate, data bit, parity check bit, position of rest etc.
struct?termio{
unsigned?short?c_iflag；/*input?mode?flags*/
unsigned?short?c_oflag；/*output?mode?flags*/
unsigned?short?c_cflag；/*control?mode?flags*/
unsigned?short?c_lflag；/*local?mode?flags*/
unsigned?char?c_line；/*line?discipline*/
unsigned?char c_cc[NCC]；/*control?characters*/
}；
2. judged whether that data are read-write
Judge through select () mechanism whether pipeline com_out and serial ports uart have data readable.
select_ret＝select((uart＞com_out)?(uart+1)：(com_out+1)，&rs，NULL，NULL，&t?imeout)；
3. there are data readable in the pipeline
If pipeline com_out has data readable, explain that Agent module 61 or Web server 62 are provided with request, need be provided with the microwave equipment parameter.At this moment, serial communication modular 52 or 63 reads pipeline com_ou t data and analyzes, and encapsulates data again according to serial communication protocol then, and sends to monitoring of tools 5 request is set through serial ports.Reading pipeline distinguishes as follows with the code of writing serial ports:
fet＝read(com_out，(char*)buf+count，len)；
framelen＝write(uart，frame，rlen+5)；
4. there are not data readable in the pipeline
If pipeline com_out does not have data readable, explaining in the serial ports buffering area has data readable.At this moment, monitoring of tools 5 has alarm or other informational needs to send to OAMAgent 6.Serial communication modular 52 or 63 reads the serial ports buffering area, the data of receiving is analyzed classification processing.Reading serial ports distinguishes as follows with the code of writing pipeline:
ret＝read(uart，(char*)buf+count，len)；
write(snmp_out，rframe，rframe[1]+5)；
Four. the intercommunicating realization of microwave equipment indoor unit IDU3
Be implemented on the 64kbit/s arrowband and transmit data, transmit the Ethernet bag fast, need through monitoring of tools 5 part mapping inside the microwave equipment to the microwave link 7 of 64kbit/s, to realize the quick forwarding of Ethernet bag.Introduce the intercommunication process of indoor unit IDU3 below, the software of indoor unit IDU3 is made up of two parts, and monitoring of tools 5 and OAMAgent 6 are as shown in Figure 6.
The two only communicates through serial ports, and serial communication adopts self-defined serial communication protocol.Serial communication modular 52 or 63 is responsible for receiving or send data from serial ports.
The following function of monitoring module 51 main completion in the monitoring of tools 5:
(1) data of serial communication modular 52 being received are handled, and select to continue to transmit or reply request of data.
(2) receive the data that send the opposite end, select to continue to transmit or reply request of data.
(3) initiatively produce warning information, and transmit, thereby the whole network is broadcasted to both direction.
In the OAMAgent 6 Agent module 61, mainly accomplish following function:
(1) data of serial communication modular 63 being received are handled, and select to continue to transmit or reply request of data.
(2) receive the data that other microwave equipments send in the microwave station 2, select to continue to transmit or reply request of data.
(3) packets of information is carried out compression and decompression, assembling ethernet frame structure or serial ports frame structure.
Five. act on behalf of 61 designs of Agent module and realization
Accomplish communicating by letter between management station 1 and the microwave equipment, need the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 to analyze the SNMP packet, compression and reduction header packet information are to realize the transmitting Ethernet data bag fast.Agent module 61 is that SNMP Agent is on the basis of net-snmp software kit, realizes through secondary development, uses C language Agent module 61.Outside the Get that Agent after the expansion can response management station 1 sends, the Set request, can also and convert the Trap message into, be sent to management station 1 from the warning information of serial ports receiving equipment monitoring 5.
Management information bank MIB design is mainly accomplished in the realization of SNMP Agent expanded function, and 61 expansions of Agent module.
Agent module 61 runs in the OAMAgent 6, mainly contains three functions:
● the Get request that receiving management station 1NMS sends, inquiry is also responded information requested;
● the Set request that receiving management station 1MS sends is provided with monitoring of tools 5 through serial ports;
● whether surveillance equipment monitoring 5 has alarm to produce, and sends a warning message to management station 1 through the Trap message.
● packets of information is carried out compression and decompression, assembling ethernet frame structure or serial ports frame structure.
The Agent module 61 of acting on behalf of after the expansion has increased by two files, i.e. .c file (WJTNMS.c) and .h file (WJTNMS.H), and storage directory is "/var/ftp/pub/net-snmp-5.4.2.1/agent/mibgroup/ ".Agent module 61 can perhaps directly be write with reference to the example file in the net-snmp software kit through the auxiliary basic framework that generates of instrument mib2c.
Need to prove that the mib2c order is provided by the net-snmp software kit, need under Redhat Linux9.0, move.When therefore generating the mib2c order, the compiler (not being arm-linux-gcc) that is used for compiling net-snmp must be able to be created in the code that moves under Redhat Linux 9.0 systems.In addition, mib2c orders based on the perl script, and needs could correct execution after the perl module is installed.
A kind of method in back is adopted in this exploitation, and example file (example.c and example.h) is positioned under the catalogue "/var/ftp/pub/net-snmp-5.4.2.1/agent/mibgroup/ ".
Agent module 61 mainly comprises four modules: Init module, Get module, Set module and Notification module.
1.Init module
The init module is accomplished agency's function of initializing through function void init_WJTNMS (void), mainly comprise the registration expansion MIB, initialization custom variable, timer etc. is set.
The branch of the MIB of expansion in existing MIB tree is by following variable-definition:
oid?WJTNMS_variables_oid[]＝{1，3，6，1，4，1，1199}；
Promptly under iso.org.dod.internet.private.enterprises branch, increase a node WJTNMS, it is numbered 1199.
With an array define expansion all leaf nodes:
struct?variab1e2?WJTNMS_variab1es[]＝{
{LinkCapacity，ASN_OCTET_STR，RWRITE，var_WJTNMS，2，{1，1}}，
{IPAddress，ASN_IPADDRESS，RONLY，var_WJTNMS，2，{1，8}}，
{LinkI9，ASN_INTEGER，RWRITE，var_WJTNMS，2，{1，21}}，
{ErrorRate，ASN_OCTET_STR，RONLY，var_WJTNMS，2，{2，1}}，
{ODUTEMP，ASN_INTEGER，RONLY，var_WJTNMS，2，{2，10}}，
{ALARM，ASN_OCTET_STR，RONLY，var_WJTNMS，2，{3，1}}
}；
In the array each node is all described according to the order of magic number, types of variables, access limit, call back function, variable-length and variable name suffix.
2.Get module
Get (reading) operation is one of basic operation of SNMP, is used for the inquiry to microwave equipment information.Realize the Get function through function var_WJTNMS among the file WJTNMS.c, function prototype is:
u_char*var_WJTNMS(struct?variab1e*vp，oid*name，size_t*length，
int?exact，size_t?*var_len，
WriteMethod**write_method)
This function relatively simple for structure, main contents are a switch-case structure, management object of each branch process.
In OAMAgent 6, use the various parameter informations of binary file snmp_file memory device monitoring 5, totally 55 bytes.Monitoring of tools 5 regularly sends this file of Data Update through serial ports, has guaranteed the accuracy of data to a certain extent.After Agent module 61 is received the Get request, read file snmp_file and obtain newer parameter information, and reply the Get request.
3.Set module
Set (writing) operation is used to be provided with the parameter information of monitoring of tools 5, realizes through the function of writing of title similar " write_**** ".For different management objects, generally need definition respectively to write function and be used for various parameter settings.The main framework of this function is following:
int?wfite_****(int?action，u_char*var_va?l，u_char?var_val_type，
size_t?var_val_len，u_char?*statP，
oid*name，size_t?name_len)
{
switch(action)
{ case?RESERVE1： break；
case?RESERVE2： break；
case?FREE： break；
case?ACTION： break；
case?UNDO： break；
case?COMMIT： break；
}
return?SNMP_ERR_NOERROR；
}
Wherein, the switch-case structure comprises 6 stages, i.e. RESERVE1, RESERVE2, FREE, ACTION, UNDO and COMMIT.Setting operation to managed object can be assigned to this 6 different phases completion, and in general the task of each stage completion is following:
RESERVE1: type of error inspection;
RESERVE2: the resource that application needs;
FREE: discharge the resource of distributing;
ACTION: carry out setting operation;
UNDO: cancel the operation of completion;
COMMIT: submit the request that is provided with to.
Fig. 7 has described the execution flow process in 6 stages.Wherein, have only the ACTION Stage code to run succeeded fully, the COMMIT stage could carry out.The code in COMMIT stage should be safe, and the code that possibly make mistakes should be placed in the ACTION stage, so that passes through the UNDO stage and recover.
4.Notification module
The notification module mainly through sending the Trap message, is handled warning information.Function send_v2trap () can send to the 1NMS of management station with Trap information automatically according to the address of configuration file snmpd.conf appointment.
Agent module 61 regularly (like lus) is checked the pipeline of sharing with serial communication modular 63, if detect the warning information that comes from serial ports, then call function send_v2trap () sends a warning message through the Trap message to management station 1 immediately.
Six. the performing step that the Ethernet bag is transmitted fast on the serial transmission line
Transmission Ethernet data bag on the 64kbit/s arrowband; Need compress and reduce, decompress it; The ethernet frame format that is assembled into serial is again transmitted; Introduce the performing step that the Ethernet bag is transmitted fast below: as shown in Figure 1, realize that the quick forwarding concrete steps of Ethernet bag are following:
1. management station (1) sends the SNMP request data package through the Ethernet of standard; Receive this request data package with a microwave equipment in the direct-connected microwave station of management station (1) (2); Microwave equipment judges whether to visit local device through the Agent module (61) of the part of the OAMAgent (6) among its indoor unit IDU (3); If visit local microenvironment wave device; Then Agent module (61) is checked management object information storehouse MIB, extracts up-to-date status information of equipment, and management station (1) is given through the Ethernet loopback in the packing back;
2. if not visit local microenvironment wave device then transmit as follows, if in this microwave station multiple devices are arranged; Agent module (61) is given the coupled microwave equipment in the same microwave station (2) through the Ethernet forwarding of standard, and this microwave equipment receives and analyzes packet, judges whether to visit local device; If; Check management object information storehouse MIB, extract up-to-date status information of equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station by the path of the transmission packet of mark;
If 3. not having multiple devices in this microwave station perhaps is not the visit local device; The Agent module (61) of microwave equipment is assembled into this SNMP request package the serial ports frame format of self-defining data form through the mode of compression, mark; And then be sent to monitoring of tools (5) part of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment through serial communication modular (63), be mapped to the microwave equipment that is forwarded to next microwave station (2) on the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s then;
4. the monitoring of tools (5) of the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment receives and analyzes the SNMP request data package of compression in the next microwave station (2) from the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s; Judge whether to visit local device; If visit local microenvironment wave device; Directly from the state information of monitoring of tools (5) the part collecting device of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station (1) by the path of the transmission request data package of mark then;
5. if not visit local microenvironment wave device, and have only this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2), just stop transmitting;
If 6. in this microwave station (2) many microwave equipments are arranged; Then send to the Agent module (61) of its OAMAgent (6) part through monitoring of tools (5) serial communication modular (52) partly of this microwave equipment indoor unit IDU (3); Agent module (61) decompresses to the SNMP request data package of this compression; Revert to the Ethernet bag of standard; Behind the extracted valid data, by the Ethernet mode of Agent module (61), be transmitted to next microwave equipment that links to each other with this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2) again through standard;
7. after the next stage microwave equipment receives the SNMP request data package, handle according to step as above 2.～6..
The performing step that the Ethernet data bag is forwarded on the 64kbit/s branch road is following, and is as shown in Figure 8:
1. the packet that receives from Ethernet of microwave equipment; The Agent module 61 of OAMAgent 6 parts of its indoor unit IDU3 is opened this packet; Check whether destination address is local packets, if local packets is then carried out this locality to packet and handled; Otherwise transmit.
2., then directly transmit through the Ethernet in this microwave station 2 if next jumping of transmitting is another microwave equipment in this microwave station 2.If next jumping of transmitting is the next microwave station 2 in the microwave line; Then whether inspection is the Ethernet data bag; If not then stop transmitting; Otherwise this Ethernet data bag is compressed, be mapped to afterwards in the time slot of a 64kbit/s on the microwave line, the packet compression process is carried out according to following 3-9 step.
3. SNMP or the Http packet to receiving from Ethernet only extracts active data part in the ethernet frame structure, and other parts abandon.Forwarding next step internetworking layer to handles.
4. in internetworking layer IP stem, the microwave equipment of being managed between a directorial area of regulation microwave equipment network management system is less than 255, so device number is distinguished with a byte also less than 255 under the same network address in the IP address.The minimum byte and the minimum byte of source IP address that so only keep the purpose IP address of IP stem, and No. 6 TCP and No. 17 udp protocols of protocol fields.Other parts abandon in the IP stem, forward next step transport layer process to.
5. transport layer mainly is the processing to TCP and UDP stem, adopts a byte representation source port number and destination slogan (respectively accounting for 4 bits), with the different agreement of each layer of byte representation; Wherein the D7 bit is distinguished TCP and udp protocol; The D6 bit is distinguished SNMP and Http agreement, and the D5-D0 bit is represented the difference in functionality in the snmp protocol, perhaps distinguishes the difference in functionality in the Http agreement; Remainder keeps in the TCP stem, and other parts abandon in the UDP stem.
6. MIB library information and the identity management object OID that extracts in the data compressed.Management object in the native system is the child node on the 1.3.6.1.4.1.1199, can reach 60000 at most, and 1.3.6.1.4.1.1199 is dropped as default value, and OID just can use two byte representations.
7. the data message after will compressing is formed self-defining compression SNMP packet.As shown in Figure 3.
8. self-defining compression SNMP packet is inserted into the data bit field in the serial ports frame structure, as shown in Figure 4.And send monitoring of tools 5 parts to through serial ports.
9. monitoring of tools 5 parts are after serial ports is received the SNMP packet of self-defined compression, according to the time slot requirement of pulse modulation PCM system in the communication, are mapped in the 64kbit/s microwave line on the branch road.
It is following, as shown in Figure 9 the Ethernet data bag of compression to be reverted to the performing step of standard ethernet bag from the 64kbi t/s microwave branch road:
1. monitoring of tools 5 parts receive SNMP or the Http packet that compresses from 64kbit/s microwave link 7, send to the Agent module 61 in the OAMAgent 6 through serial communication modular 52 then.Agent module 61 is accomplished the SNMP of compression or the recovery of Http packet, and recovery process is carried out according to the 2-7 step.
2.Agent module 61 is extracted the data item in the data bit field from the serial ports frame structure, as shown in Figure 4.
3. according to self-defining compression SNMP packet structure, as shown in Figure 3 in the OID value, the OID that regains one's integrity promptly adds default identification management object (OID): the 1.3.6.1.4.1.1199 value.
4. according to source, destination slogan value in the self-defining compression SNMP structure, recover the stem of Transmission Control Protocol or udp protocol.
5. according to source, purpose IP address value in the self-defining compression SNMP structure.Recover the IP stem in the internetworking layer.
6. according to the agreement sign in the self-defining compression SNMP structure, recover protocol fields and the SNMP or the Http function type of each layer of computer network.
7. according to the mac address of this locality and the mac address of next jumping, recover each field information in the link-layer frame structure, the Ethernet bag of forming is sent on the Ethernet through Agent module 61.
Claims (3)
1. the implementation method of transmitting based on the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system; It is characterized in that: described method is moved based on the microwave equipment network management system; This system comprises a management station (1) and a plurality of microwave station (2); A microwave station (2) is made up of a microwave equipment or many microwave equipments; Every microwave equipment comprises indoor unit IDU (3) and outdoor unit ODU (4), and the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment comprises monitoring of tools (5) and OAMAgent (6), and described OAMAgent (6) comprises Agent module (61), Web server module (62) and serial communication modular (63); Described monitoring of tools (5) comprises monitoring module (51) and serial communication modular (52); Connect through cable (9) between indoor unit IDU (3) and the outdoor unit ODU (4), management station (1) is connected with a microwave equipment in the microwave station (2) through netting twine (8), and many interior microwave equipments of a microwave station (2) interconnect through netting twine (8); Interconnect through microwave link (7) between adjacent two microwave stations (2), realize that the concrete steps of Ethernet bag forwarding are following:
1. management station (1) sends the SNMP request data package through the Ethernet of standard; Receive this request data package with a microwave equipment in the direct-connected microwave station of management station (1) (2); Microwave equipment judges whether to visit the local microenvironment wave device through the Agent module (61) of the part of the OAMAgent (6) among its indoor unit IDU (3); If visit local microenvironment wave device; Then Agent module (61) is checked management object information storehouse MIB, extracts up-to-date status information of equipment, and management station (1) is given through the Ethernet loopback in the packing back;
2. if not visit local microenvironment wave device; Then transmit as follows, if other equipment is arranged in this microwave station, Agent module (61) is given the coupled every other microwave equipment in the same microwave station (2) through the Ethernet forwarding of standard; In these microwave equipments each all receives and analyzes packet; Judge whether to visit the local microenvironment wave device, if check management object information storehouse MIB; Extract up-to-date status information of equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station by the path of the transmission packet of mark;
If 3. do not have other equipment in this microwave station; Perhaps judge other equipment are arranged and not to be visit local microenvironment wave device in 2. corresponding to step; The Agent module (61) of microwave equipment is assembled into this SNMP request package the serial ports frame format of self-defining data form through the mode of compression, mark; And then be sent to monitoring of tools (5) part of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment through serial communication modular (63), be mapped to the microwave equipment that is forwarded to next microwave station (2) on the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s then;
4. the monitoring of tools (5) of the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment receives and analyzes the SNMP request data package of compression in the next microwave station (2) from the microwave link (7) of 64kbit/s; Judge whether to visit the local microenvironment wave device; If visit local microenvironment wave device; Directly from the state information of monitoring of tools (5) the part collecting device of the indoor unit IDU (3) of this microwave equipment, packing sends it back and should wrap to management station (1) by the path of the transmission request data package of mark then;
5. if not visit local microenvironment wave device, and have only this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2), just stop transmitting;
If 6. in this microwave station (2) many microwave equipments are arranged; Then send to the Agent module (61) of its OAMAgent (6) part through monitoring of tools (5) serial communication modular (52) partly of this microwave equipment indoor unit IDU (3); Agent module (61) decompresses to the SNMP request data package of this compression; Revert to the Ethernet bag of standard; Behind the extracted valid data, by the Ethernet mode of Agent module (61), be transmitted to a microwave equipment that directly links to each other with this microwave equipment in this microwave station (2) again through standard;
7. after this microwave equipment receives the SNMP request data package, handle according to step as above 2.～6..
2. the implementation method of transmitting based on the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: microwave equipment is through the SNMP request data package of the Ethernet reception of standard; The Agent module (61) of microwave equipment is assembled into the serial ports frame format of self-defining data form through the mode of compression, mark with this SNMP request package, and its step is following: extract active data part in the ethernet frame structure, and keep a minimum byte and a minimum byte of source IP address of the purpose IP address of IP stem; And No. 6 TCP and No. 17 udp protocols of protocol fields; Adopt a byte representation source port number and destination slogan,, keep remainder in the TCP stem with the different agreement of each layer of byte representation; And other parts abandon in the UDP stem; MIB library information and identity management object OID to extracting in the data compress, and the data message after the compression is formed self-defining compression SNMP packet, then this self-defining compression SNMP packet are inserted into the data bit field in the serial ports frame structure; And send monitoring of tools (5) part of microwave equipment indoor unit IDU (3) to through serial ports; Monitoring of tools (5) part is after serial ports is received the SNMP packet of self-defined compression, and the time slot requirement according to pulse modulation PCM system in the communication is mapped on the 64kbit/s microwave link (7).
3. the implementation method of transmitting based on the Ethernet bag of microwave equipment network management system as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: the SNMP request data package that goes up compression from 64kbit/s microwave link (7) reverts to the standard ethernet bag; This compressed data packet is decompressed, and its step is following: monitoring of tools (5) part among the indoor unit IDU (3) of microwave equipment receives the SNMP request data package of compressing from 64kbit/s microwave link (7); Send to the Agent module (61) in the OAMAgent (6) of this microwave equipment indoor unit IDU (3) through serial communication modular (52); Agent module (61) is extracted the data item in the data bit field from the serial ports frame structure, according to self-defining compression SNMP packet structure, the OID that regains one's integrity; Again according to source, destination slogan value in the self-defining compression SNMP structure; Recover the stem of Transmission Control Protocol or udp protocol, and, recover the IP stem in the internetworking layer according to source, purpose IP address value in the self-defining compression SNMP structure; Then according to the agreement sign in the self-defining compression SNMP structure; Recover the protocol fields and the SNMP function type of each layer of computer network, recover each field information in the link-layer frame structure at last, through Agent module (61) the Ethernet bag of forming is sent on the Ethernet again.
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| CN102480413B (en) * | 2010-11-24 | 2015-05-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Digital microwave equipment, network and network management data transmission method |
| CN102025737A (en) * | 2010-12-09 | 2011-04-20 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Compression and transmission method of Ethernet data packet in microwave communication as well as compressor and system |
| CN102546033A (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2012-07-04 | 广东佳和通信技术有限公司 | Multimachine communication device achieved by adopting pulse modulation combined with serial port mode |
| CN104320275A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-01-28 | 成都锐新科技有限公司 | Microwave long distance extension system |
| CN104469808A (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2015-03-25 | 成都锐新科技有限公司 | Multi-carrier microwave extension coverage system |
| CN105072057B (en) * | 2015-07-09 | 2019-02-01 | 中国科学院计算技术研究所 | A kind of intermediate switching equipment and its method and system for network data transmission |
| CN106357590A (en) * | 2015-07-15 | 2017-01-25 | 艾默生网络能源系统北美公司 | Network protocol conversion system, network protocol converter and network protocol conversion method |
| CN106803847A (en) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-06 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | A kind of call method, apparatus and system |
| CN106301890B (en) * | 2016-07-28 | 2019-08-30 | 武汉虹信通信技术有限责任公司 | A kind of microwave equipment alarm synchronization method |
| CN106656601A (en) * | 2016-12-23 | 2017-05-10 | 哈尔滨理工大学 | Embedded remote agent system based on SNMP |
| CN110662197A (en) * | 2019-09-02 | 2020-01-07 | 京信通信系统（中国）有限公司 | Parameter configuration method, device, communication equipment and storage medium |
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| US7035266B2 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2006-04-25 | Fluke Corporation | Network switch discovery method and apparatus |
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