CN100366000C - SNMP-based IPv6 sensor network node management method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a management method of an IPv6 sensor network node based on an SNMP, which defines management information bases of a physical layer and a link layer of IEEE802.15.4 standards. An SNMP PDU is adopted for encodement by the sequence of variable binding list fields, error pointer fields, error state fields, request identifier fields, protocol data unit type fields, community fields and edition fields from back to front. Because a node storage management object occupies a large quantity of data areas, an object identifier is statically stored in a program area for saving the limited data areas, and object instances are accessed by a method of an accurate matching search. The management base on a node of the IEEE802.15.4 is solved. Users do not need to configure a terminal interface to each node. Only a certain convergent node or a certain remote node provided with a management program is provided with the terminal interfaces, the SNMP management program can be started for implementing management to agent nodes.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method, solve the management and the allocation problem of IPv6 sensor network, belong to technical field of the computer network based on SNMP.
Background technology
The multi-hop mobility peer-to-peer network of communication, dynamic group net is formed, adopted to wireless sensor network by the miniature node of a large amount of low-power consumption, low rate, low cost, low complex degree, has self and self-healing ability.Utilize sensor network can realize that the collection of data is merged, transmission is used and the Long-distance Control visit.It can be widely deployed in fields such as military affairs, environmental monitoring and forecast, medical treatment and nursing, functional household, building condition monitoring, Industry Control, can utilize various transducer to remove state parameters such as sensing temperature, noise, pulse, pressure, the user is provided information needed, thereby improves people's quality of life and operating efficiency.
At the demand of this low rate, low-cost wireless network, in December, 2000, IEEE set up IEEE802.15.4 working group, was devoted to define the wireless connect technology of a kind of cheapness, portable, mobile, low-cost, low complex degree, low energy consumption and low rate.In May, 2003, the IEEE802.15.4 standard is put into effect.IEEE802.15.4 has mainly formulated physical layer and MAC agreement, and outstanding advantage is: networking capability is strong, and is widely applicable, reliability height, good energy saving property.It has defined two physical layer standards based on DSSS (Direct SequenceSpreadSpectrum, direct sequence spread spectrum), is respectively 2.4GHz physical layer and 868/915Mhz physical layer, and each frequency range provides different message transmission rates; It is 127 bytes that largest frames is provided; Functions such as automatic frame acknowledgment and data check are provided.MAC layer channel access mechanism is CSMA/CA; Support Beacon (beacon) and two kinds of mode of operations of Beaconless (no beacon).
The technical characteristic of IEEE802.15.4 has determined sensor network will become its main application.Because the great market application prospect of sensor network and the superperformance of IPv6 agreement, the end of the year 2004, the IETF tissue is set up 6lowpan (IPv6 over low power WPAN) working group, a research IPv6 low-speed wireless territory net problem, be intended to the IPv6 framework on IEEE802.15.4, realize the interconnection and interflow of sensor network and IP-based interference networks, and realize any controllable node of the Internet remote access, Remote configuration management of sensor net.Because network particularity, administrative skill is one of important subject of 6lowpan working group.
Aspect the network management of IP-based Internet, defined snmp protocol.Up till now, snmp protocol has developed into the SNMP third edition, and agreement is quite perfect.SNMP comprises lot of data type and abstract data item, in order better various data to be encoded, 3 tuples that SNMP partly forms with 3 variable lengths: comprise label, data length and the data value of data type, be called TLV 3 tuples, its form such as Fig. 1.
Agreement regulation request message and response message can be used in the various dialogues between Network Management Station and agent process, and each request message and response message all are independently SNMP messages, and message reaches respectively forms field such as Fig. 2.
Message data is divided into 3 son fields again:
Version field is provided with for the compatibility of different SNMP.Community's name is a character string, is used for differentiating whether operation is legal.
In order to keep the unification of message format, all SNMP have common PDU form.The common structure of PDU and field such as Fig. 3 that they comprised.
The defective of prior art scheme;
SNMP provides cover good network management framework and an implementation method, and that considers sensor network and IP-based Internet melts problem mutually, and SNMP is the best management pattern of sensor network.But the implementation method of existing SNMP is all very complicated, needs plenty hardware resources and powerful operating system support, can't be in the microcontroller deploy of low program storage area, low data storage area.
The original intention of SNMP is a managing I P net, computer system has good data-handling capacity, storage resources is very abundant, exploitation is subjected to the restriction of hardware resource during snmp protocol hardly, and it is at first considered is how correlation function to be realized more perfectly, had better robustness, compatibility and an expandability.The management object of IP network node is many, and data volume is also very big, to having relatively high expectations of network.Now, the development of IP-based Internet obtains unprecedented achievement, and network technology is perfect relatively, can provide network support well to SNMP, and this also is one of reason of SNMP energy widespread deployment.
Opposite with the starting point of SNMP, the IEEE802.15.4 standard is intended to define a kind of low rate, low-power consumption, low complex degree, physical layer and link layer standard cheaply.When its application scenario has determined actual networking, need in large quantities, the layout node of very dense.In addition, all nodes of IEEE802.15.4 are formed an autonomous system, in order to improve the stability of system, generally also can provide some redundant nodes.This just requires the cost of individual module must be very low.Integrate, in sensor network, dispose SNMP, have following problem:
In sum, existing SNMP technology is not suitable for directly implementing on the sensor network that the IEEE802.15.4 node makes up, and needs new management method to realize the management to sensor network.
Summary of the invention
Many concerning this node, scale is big, the network of topological dynamic change, network management is absolutely necessary.But, the network characteristic of sensor network has determined at management aspect more many than cable network complexity, existing network management all is not suitable for directly being deployed in this sensor network, therefore, must definition one overlap practicable network management, network and node are carried out long-range, portable management.Based on this consideration, the present invention is based on SNMP, a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method based on SNMP is provided, the implementation method of IPv6 sensor network agent side is proposed.This programme can be deployed in low hardware resource and can not have in the platform of operating system support.The compatible SNMP of the present invention can implement telemanagement to it by computer network, thereby solve the management and the allocation problem of IPv6 sensor network.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is mainly to comprise following invention step:
Step 1: set up the management information bank of (IEEE 802.15.4) physical layer and link layer, define its object identifier (OID) value;
Step 2: the snmp protocol data cell is encoded;
Step 3: manage the storage and the visit of object.
The foundation of step 1 management information bank;
Management information bank has defined the set of the management object that can conduct interviews by NMP, structure of management information (SMI) has been stipulated the definition format of management object in the management information bank, Syntax (grammer) is that object defines with ASN.1, Definition (definition) is a description of understanding easily to this object, the value of Access (visit) regulation should to as if readablely still can write, Status (state) illustrates current actual operating position.
According to the form of snmp protocol data cell, field is encoded one by one from back to front; Agent side is obtained after the value of object, at first this value is encoded according to the ASN.1 rule, and leaves in the interim unitary space, some centres, after to be encoded the finishing, the data that meet the TLV form is copied in another buffering area again.
1: the object identifier of all objects is set to static, leaves program storage area in the form of character string;
2; The object identifier that parses accurately mates with the object identifier of this locality, with the object instance of determining to be searched;
3; By matching ratio, draw corresponding index value, object instance is operated according to index value.
More than be whole operations of the present invention program's three big modules, can be implemented on the microcontroller of low program storage area, low data storage area according to these, at the IEEE802.15.4 node administration that can not have under the operating system support.
The effect of invention, the invention solves management based on the node of IEEE802.15.4, the user need not be each node configurating terminal interface, the aggregation node or the remote node installing terminal interface of Network Management Station program only need be installed at certain, just can start the snmp management program, implement management agent node.
The network that makes up based on IEEE802.15.4 does not have infrastructure such as base station, and all nodes are from forming network.SNMP belongs to upper-layer protocol as application layer protocol, is transparent to bottom, as long as bottom can be built into stabilizing network, SNMP just can move so.This programme is conceived to implementing on the limited hardware equipment very much, has solved the problem of Long-distance Control and management equipment, is very easy to the user.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 data item elementary cell;
Fig. 2 SNMP message format;
The common format of Fig. 3 snmp protocol data cell;
Fig. 4 has described IPv6 sensor network management architecture;
Fig. 5 preceding data format of encoding;
Data format after Fig. 6 encodes;
Before encoding, Fig. 7 sends buffer area;
Fig. 8 buffer area of encoding;
After encoding, Fig. 9 sends buffer area;
Tree-shaped management information bank in Figure 10 network management;
The realization of Figure 11 management information base tree and access mode;
Figure 12 home sensor network management schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:IPv6 sensor network management architecture;
Fig. 4 has described IPv6 sensor network management architecture.Network management model mainly comprises two network equipments: Network Management Station (NMS) and network management proxy (agent).Can be called Network Management Station/network management proxy as long as moved the main frame of management station/agent side software.Network Management Station must provide user interface to enter the mouth as man-machine interaction.In a Network Management Station, can start a plurality of management application programs simultaneously, respectively different network management proxies is implemented management.Network Management Station and network management proxy communicate with the NMP that is fit to sensing network on peer layer.After management station or administration agent received the network management message of peer layer, decoding subprocess module was resolved conversion cost machine recognition data form to the message that receives.According to the message data content of resolving, the management information bank that visit is local is carried out corresponding operating to the instance objects of correspondence.Send back message using to the other side if desired, then need to call coding subprocess module, construct corresponding back message using.Procotol has shielded the different sub-network type, provides service to the upper strata.In physical layer, realize end-to-end communication by interference networks based on IPv6.
The network management proxy operator scheme is similar with management station.Different is, management station is general initiatively to send the SNMP message to administration agent, and after the network management proxy initialization, agent process must be at the SNMP message (except the trap message) of the passive wait of specific udp port management station.After the process of acting on behalf of receives a SNMP message, the operation of following three steps is arranged:
1. decoding;
Check whether message meets the ASN.1 form, if do not meet, directly abandons;
2. management information bank operation;
According to the request command type to management information bank (MIB) example executable operations.
3, coding;
Above-mentioned three parts have constituted the main body module of network management.The present invention is directed to the characteristics of IPv6 sensor network, be conceived to the embedded system hardware platform of limited resources, proposed IPv6 sensor network node management method, mainly comprise following summary of the invention based on Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP):
From controllability, manageability and the accessibility of individual territory net information bank (PIB) data object of IEEE802.15.4, the creationary management information bank that has designed physical layer and link layer, and defined its object identifier (OID) value under certain condition;
At present, linked groups does not form the physical layer of IEEE802.15.4 and the management information library standard of MAC layer in the world.By further investigation,, the definition of IEEE 802.15.4 management information bank is proposed according to normative references such as the function of parameter in system, accessibilities to the IEEE802.15.4 standard.
Management information bank has defined the set of the management object that can conduct interviews by NMP.Structure of management information (SMI) has been stipulated the definition format of management object in the management information bank.Syntax (grammer) is that object defines with ASN.1.Definition (definition) is a description of understanding easily to this object.The value of Access (visit) regulation should to as if readablely still can write.Status (state) illustrates current actual operating position.
The design of coding module:
Analyze the MAC of IEEE 802.15.4 and the state parameter of physical layer and can find that used is limited data type.Data type shown in the support matrix 1 of the present invention.
Table 1 data type
| Data class | Purposes |
| Integer | Basic data |
| Character string | |
| 0 or a plurality of byte | |
| The object mark | The name of object, dotted decimal notation |
| Null | Placeholder |
Snmp protocol itself is supported multiple request type, can finish the operation of scalar, form, blocks of data.But reading of form, blocks of data all requires bigger protocol Data Unit of structure, and the realization of the two is also difficult relatively, need take a large amount of program area resources and data field resource.The maximum frame size of IEEE 802.15.4 is 127 bytes, if realize the operation of form, blocks of data etc., certainly will introduce burst mechanism and distribute the lot of data buffer area, has increased the complexity that realizes.From demand angle, request type shown in this programme support matrix 2.
Table 2 request command type
| The request command type | Function |
| GetRequest | From the MIB of target proxy process, extract the value of known management object instance |
| SetRequest | Allow agent process that the management object example of appointment in the order is carried out write operation |
| GetResponse | After agent process is handled solicit operation, to management station's return information |
After agent side is received the request of management station,, return back message using to management station then to go forward side by side line correlation request command operation of its parsing.This brief summary will be described and how data be encoded, and meet the message of SNMP form with structure.
By SNMPv2c regulation and at the application of IEEE802.15.4, just like giving a definition:
Object identifier maximum length: 18
Community's name maximum length: 10
Maximum variable Bindings list length 3
After coding is meant that agent side is finished operation to request command,, constructs corresponding response message and give management station according to the ASN.1 rule.Before the coding, data all are rambling; And behind the coding, then have certain form.Data format such as Fig. 5, Fig. 6 before and after the coding: before the coding: Fig. 5 preceding data format of encoding; Coding back: data format after Fig. 6 encodes.
In order to simplify encoder complexity, according to the form of snmp protocol data cell, field is encoded one by one from back to front.Agent side is obtained after the value of object, at first this value is encoded according to the ASN.1 rule, and leaves in the interim unitary space, some centres, after to be encoded the finishing, the data that meet the TLV form is copied in another buffering area again.
Introduce Methods for Coding below in detail.
The sequencing of coding is: 1, variable Bindings list field; 2, wrong indicator field; 3, error status field; 4, request identifier field; 5, protocol Data Unit type field; 6, community's field; 7, version field.
During coding, define an application layer buffering area sndbuf[100], the snmp data behind all codings all leave this buffering area the inside in.Definition pointer * resp_b.ptr and variable resp.len, after the initialization, * resp_b.ptr points to array sndbuf[100] least significant end, the length of data behind the resp.len presentation code.As shown in Figure 7, during to concrete code field, defined a middle buffer memory binding_buf[20], pointer * temp1, * bind_buf and variable length.After concrete code field, pointer * binding_buf and length unique identification coding back data are as shown in Figure 8, then, bind_buf[20] in data copy snd_buf[100 to] in remove after the copies data, snd_buf[100]; As shown in Figure 9.
Simplified summary coding flow process:
1, * resp_b.ptr points to the end of send buffer, resp.len=0;
2, * temp1 points to the front end of binding_buf, length=0;
3, after the concrete code field, * temp1 sign is pointed to the end of the data after encoding at this moment, and length is the data length after encoding;
4, after the concrete code field, the pointer * resp.ptr of send_buf moves length byte forward, and * resp.len adds length, then the data of the length length of binding_buf the inside is copied to * resp.len space pointed.
During 5, to next code field, got back to for the 2nd step;
6, finish coding after, * resp.ptr and resp.len just can clearly identify the snmp application data;
7, call the transmission function.
If when decoding or coding, make a mistake,, do different processing according to different type of errors:
1, make a mistake when resolving PDU, directly dropping packets is left intact.
2, make a mistake after resolving PDU, no matter which kind of type of error all sends the errored response message to Network Management Station.The errored response message is the same with corresponding request message content, and wrong indicator points to the variable sequence number (note: sequence number is since 1) of makeing mistakes, the type that error-status field points out faults.
The design of management information bank operational module:
After the management information bank operational module was meant that having resolved SNMP has resolved request command, agent side was to the operation of management information bank example.
In existing SNMP implementation, when node initializing, need be registered to all data objects on the management information base tree, leave in the data storage area.The management information bank data object is organized with a kind of tree hierarchy, all there is the identifier of a special name and a digital form in each branch, can search data object in the management information bank by its numeric identifier, this Digital ID symbol is from the top (or root) of structure tree, till each leaf node (being data object).For example, in Figure 10, iso (1) is positioned at the top of structure tree, and sysDescr (1) is in the position of leaf node.Can't see tree root root (.) now, all the other all branches are all from expanding here.Usually the identifier of representing data object with the symbol of band point.Want visit data object sysDescr (1), its complete identifier should be such: iso.org.dod.internet.mgmt.mib-2.system.sysDescr (this identifier should be read from left to right), represent with 1.3.6.1.2.1.1.1 that perhaps both express the meaning is the same.
But in microcontroller, data storage area and program storage area are very limited, do not allow to use a large amount of hardware resources to go to realize the registration of management information base tree, also do not allow to realize searching object with a large amount of program spaces, at this problem, the step of opening one's minds below having proposed:
The realization and the access mode of management information base tree can be described by Figure 11.
SNMP finishes after the parsing of variable Bindings list, object identifier is to leave in the character array with character style, it is converted to character string forms, as: 1.3.6.1.4.1.10.1.10.1.1.0, afterwards, call function compares all object identifiers of local management information storehouse tree in character string and the program area, if the two is equal fully, then export relevant parameters index (index),, example is carried out different operations according to the corresponding processing module of value inquiry of parameter reference.If the user must need add corresponding object identifier with adding the management information bank object in the local management information Kuku, and in processing module, add corresponding the processing.Processing module comprises three parts such as the operation, executing state report of judgement, the example of access rights.
More than be whole operations of the present invention program's three big modules, can be implemented on the microcontroller of low program storage area, low data storage area according to these, at the IEEE802.15.4 node administration that can not have under the operating system support.
Embodiment 2:
Be technical solution of the present invention giving an example in concrete the application below, as shown in figure 12.
Portions of electronics equipment constitutes the one family sensor network, comprises illuminating lamp, microwave oven, water heater, water dispenser and TV etc.In fact,, can join in this network and go, and can obtain unique short address in global unique clean culture IPv6 address and the sensor network as long as the equipment of IEEE802.15.4 module has been installed.When node starts, can start SNMP agent side program, finish the initialization of module, the initialization of object instance, enter cyclic program then, wait for the SNMP request command of management station.
WAP (wireless access point) is a gateway device, also is the coordinator of sensor network simultaneously.It comprises an IEEE802.15.4 wave point, RS-232 interface, one or more wireline interface.The IEEE802.15.4 wave point is used for WAP (wireless access point) and communicates by letter with the sensor network member.The wireline interface couple in router inserts Internet by router.
The local user can directly be connected with WAP (wireless access point) by RS-232 interface, control WAP (wireless access point) or network-internal apparatus member.
The terminal use not directly and sensor network mutual, but mode and WEB server communication by web page browsing.In fact, the WEB server comprises all user terminals necessary functional module, for example database, command program, management station's program etc.User with authority is by visit WEB server, the program that operation is relevant, access sensors network internal indirectly.The home network database of WEB server comprises inner all information of sensor network, such as: data such as node number, each device type, state, the user is as long as visit WEB server just can be known any information of sensor network inside like this.Know the information of sensor network nodes when server after, the user just can trigger server operation snmp management station software, management, configuration or modification node parameter by allocation window.Management station can adopt the SNMP kit net-snmp based on Linux.The SNMP operating procedure is as follows:
1, visit WEB server is browsed the home network database, extracts all information of desiring management node;
2, call the SNMP network management module, the IPv6 message of structure SNMP, destination address is by the global unicast IPv6 address of pipe node;
3, call the bottom transmission equipment, the SNMP message is sent to wireless network access point;
4, wireless network access point carries out format conversion to data, makes it to meet IEEE 802.15.4 standard;
5, wireless network access point is sent to data by pipe node;
6, after node executes operation, if there are data to return to server, then construct the IPv6 message of Response, destination address is the IPv6 address of WAP (wireless access point);
7, after the line access point is received this IPv6 message, carry out address transition, the IPv6 address destination address makes server into by the static routing mode, is transmitted to server to message then.
Arrive this, finished the management process of SNMP.
Claims (5)
1. IPv6 sensor network node management method based on SNMP is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
Step 1: foundation defines its object identifier value based on the physical layer of the IPv6 sensor network of IEEE 802.15.4 and the management information bank of link layer;
Step 2: the snmp protocol data cell is encoded;
Step 3: manage the storage and the visit of object.
2. a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method based on SNMP according to claim 1 is characterized in that:
The foundation of the management information bank in the described step 1 is specially: define the set of the management object that conducts interviews by NMP, the definition format of management object in the regulation management information bank;
Methods for Coding in the described step 2 is specially: according to the form of snmp protocol data cell, field is encoded one by one from back to front; Agent side is obtained after the value of object, at first this value is encoded according to the ASN.1 rule, and leaves in the interim unitary space, some centres, after to be encoded the finishing, the data that meet the TLV form is copied in another buffering area again;
Storage and visit in the described step 3 include following steps:
1) object identifier of all objects is set to static state, leaves program storage area in;
2) object identifier that parses accurately mates with the object identifier of this locality, with the object instance of determining to be searched;
3) by matching ratio, draw corresponding index value, object instance is operated according to index value.
3. a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method based on SNMP according to claim 1 is characterized in that: after the process of acting on behalf of receives a SNMP message, the operation of following three steps is arranged:
1). decoding:
Check whether message meets the ASN.1 form, if do not meet, directly abandons;
Checking version number, the legitimacy of discriminating message is preserved these information, simultaneously so that the tectonic response message;
Continue other field in the analytic message in order,, preserve all information that parse until having resolved variable Bindings list;
2), management information bank operation:
Check the access rights of management station;
Check the access mode and the Access status of object;
According to the request command type to management information bank example executable operations;
3), coding:
According to the management information bank operating result, fill corresponding response protocol data cell;
The response protocol data cell is encoded into the ASN.1 form, passes to the UDP transportation service.
4. a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method according to claim 1 and 2 based on SNMP, 1), the variable Bindings list field it is characterized in that: the sequencing of coding is:; 2), wrong indicator field; 3), error status field; 4), request identifier field; 5), protocol Data Unit type field; 6), community's field; 7), version field.
5. a kind of IPv6 sensor network node management method according to claim 1 based on SNMP, it is characterized in that: during coding, define an application layer buffering area, data behind all codings all leave this buffering area the inside in, definition pointer and variable, after the initialization, the least significant end of pointed array, the length of data behind the variable presentation code copies the data in the middle buffer memory in the array to and to go.
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| CN102014407A (en) * | 2010-12-10 | 2011-04-13 | 北京交通大学 | Simple network management protocol (SNMP)-based wireless sensor network domain authorized proxy management mechanism |
| SE535962C2 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2013-03-05 | Zoliex Ab | A control procedure in a network |
| EP2745493A4 (en) * | 2011-09-12 | 2015-02-25 | Nokia Corp | Methods and apparatus for launching an application identified by a sensor |
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