CN101867300A - Control method and control device for matrix converter - Google Patents
Control method and control device for matrix converter Download PDFInfo
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- CN101867300A CN101867300A CN200910057081A CN200910057081A CN101867300A CN 101867300 A CN101867300 A CN 101867300A CN 200910057081 A CN200910057081 A CN 200910057081A CN 200910057081 A CN200910057081 A CN 200910057081A CN 101867300 A CN101867300 A CN 101867300A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a control method for a matrix converter. When voltage intervals are switched, the waveform of a triangular carrier wave is changed to be a sawtooth wave to prevent the input voltage short circuit caused by small pulse. The invention also provides a device for realizing the method, which comprises a driving amplifier circuit, a voltage type four-step commutation unit, a voltage value comparison unit, a matrix transformation switch combined control unit, an input voltage interval and an angle detection unit.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to matrix converter control field, particularly relate to a kind of control method of matrix converter.The invention still further relates to the control device of described matrix converter.
Background technology
Matrix converter is a kind of novel friendship-friendship direct converter with good input-output characteristic.It need not jumbo energy storage unit, can make the input current sine, and input power factor can reach in theory ± 1, but and free adjustment, and irrelevant with the power factor of load.The frequency of output voltage and adjustable amplitude value, output frequency can be higher or lower than incoming frequency, but particularly its power two-way flow has the four quadrant running ability.
Fig. 1 is a typical three-phase matrix converter topology diagram.Three-phase matrix converter is made of by 3X3 switch matrix form nine bidirectional switchs 2, can make output phase A, B, C import with any one that a, b, c directly connect mutually by controlling nine bidirectional switchs 2.Bidirectional switch 2 generally selects for use two insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBT) to form by " common emitter " or " common collector " mode.The output phase A of Fig. 3 representing matrix converter links to each other with input three-phase a, b, c by three groups of two-way power switch, and wherein every group of two-way power switch is made up of by " common emitter " two IGBT.If two IGBT are open-minded simultaneously, electric current is flowed to both direction.
Double space Vector Modulation strategy according to input current and output voltage, it becomes virtual ac-dc-ac transform device with the matrix converter equivalence, DC link wherein is virtual, utilize space vector modulation technique to realize virtual rectification and virtual inversion then respectively, at last that both are comprehensive, obtain required modulating function matrix, realize linear transformation.Need the input phase voltage is divided into 6 intervals in the matrixing process, i.e. ISECTOR is shown in Fig. 2 (a); Output line voltage is divided into 6 intervals, i.e. VSECTOR is as Fig. 2 ((b).If input b phase (output B phase) voltage produces by the principle of the input a phase that lags behind (output A phase) voltage 2 π/3 angles, the variation of interval ISECTOR and VSECTOR is in proper order
Increase progressively circulation successively.If input b phase (output B phase) voltage produces by the principle of leading input a phase (output A phase) voltage 2 π/3 angles, the variation of interval ISECTOR and VSECTOR is in proper order
The circulation of successively decreasing successively.According to the principle of space vector modulation, interval ISECTOR and VSECTOR have 36 kinds of combinations, and every kind is combined in five kinds of on off states were arranged in each modulation period, the duration of every kind of on off state respectively by formula (1) calculate:
T
βν＝msin(θ
sv)sin(θ
sc)
T
0＝T
s-T
αμ-T
βμ-T
αν-T
βν。
θ wherein
SCWith θ
SVBe input, the angle of output voltage vector in ISECTOR and VSECTOR interval, excursion is 0～π/3.By this on off state and switch duration control bidirectional switch, then at each of T modulation period
sIn can obtain the output voltage identical with the mean value of expecting voltage.
When the output of matrix converter switches to another input phase time mutually from an input, change of current step and order that must the strict regulations bidirectional switch not be opened a way in not short circuit and output mutually mutually in order to guarantee in commutation course input.Therefore, bidirectional switch safety, reliably, change of current strategy is one of key technology of matrix converter practicability fast.Many documents have proposed various change of current strategies, come the strategy of the change of current can be divided into based on the current mode change of current strategy of output current direction with based on the voltage-type change of current strategy of importing phase voltage relative size by the sense of current and voltage swing.Quantity by change of current step can be divided into change of current strategies such as two steps, four steps.The four step change of current application of policies that Burany proposes are the most extensive.Fig. 4 (a) and Fig. 4 (b) are typical voltage-type four step change of current strategies.Is example explanation, switch S at this moment with the change of current of a phase mutually to b
ApAnd S
AnIt is conducting; When Ua (t)＞Ub (t), the first step is opened S
Bp, second step was turn-offed S
Ap, the 3rd step was opened S
Bn, the 4th step was turn-offed S
An, so just finished the change of current between four power switchs, its change of current sequential shown in Fig. 4 (a), T wherein
dIt is the Dead Time of power switch.A four complete change of current times in step need 4*Td.Four step change of current strategies had both been forbidden the switch combination that input voltage is short-circuited, and having guaranteed again provides at least one circulation path to load at any time.When Ua (t)＜Ub (t), opening of switch turn-offed sequential shown in Fig. 4 (b), and be different with Fig. 4 (a).Voltage-type four step change of current strategies must accurately be known the relative size between two change of current input voltages, when input voltage value near the time, if matrix converter is judged by accident the relative size of input voltage, to cause producing wrong change of current sequential, the result that sequential is made mistakes can cause that input produces Short-Circuit High Current between the phase voltage, damages power switch.Equally also there is the defective that must accurately know the load current direction in current mode four step change of current strategies, and the result that sequential is made mistakes causes the output load current open circuit.If load is perceptual, current open may produce overvoltage, can damage power switch equally.
Following discussion is only limited to voltage-type four step change of current strategies.
People such as Jochen Mahlein have proposed a kind of voltage-type change of current strategy at the space vector modulation strategy in the paper of publishing in 2002 " Matrix Converter Com-mutation Strategies With and Without Explicit Input Voltages Sign Measureme-nt " (a kind of matrix converter change of current strategy that input voltage is accurately measured that do not rely on).This method has been avoided the change of current between two approaching input phase voltages of magnitude of voltage by the order of the combination of five on off states in each modulation period is integrated, thereby has avoided the short circuit phenomenon that constantly may occur in the change of current.When the interval VSECTOR of output voltage is even number with input voltage interval ISECTOR sum, T
1=T
β μ, T
2=T
α μ, T
3=T
α ν, T
4=T
β νWhen the interval VSECTOR of output voltage is odd number with input voltage interval ISECTOR sum, T
1=T
α μ, T
2=T
β μ, T
3=T
β ν, T
4=T
α νAfter second on off state combination, insert zero vector, the duration is T
0, it is the input phase voltage of absolute value maximum in the voltage range that zero vector is selected the principle of voltage.The bidirectional switch combinations of states is as showing-1:
Table-1
The combinations of states of ternary letter representation bidirectional switch in the table.The output of first letter representation and matrix converter is the input phase that connects of A mutually; Second letter is represented and the output of the matrix converter input phase that connects of B mutually; The output of the 3rd letter representation and matrix converter is the input phase that connects of C mutually.On off state makes up abb and represents: the output phase A of matrix converter and input a mutually connect, and b is connected output phase B with importing mutually with output phase C.With interval ISECTOR of input voltage and the interval VSECTOR of output voltage is that 1x1 is an example, as Fig. 5 (a), the order of switch combination was when triangular carrier was rising: abb → aba → aaa → aca → acc, the order of switch combination was when triangular carrier was decline: acc → aca → aaa → aba → abb.Wherein the voltage of zero vector selection is a phase, and this moment, a was positive maximum mutually, and the duration is T
0, for the safe and reliable change of current, T
0Can not be less than the Dead Time T of power switch
dWhen the interval was combined as 1x1, a connected output phase A with importing mutually always; The input that output phase B connects in a triangular carrier is respectively b → b → a → c → c → c → c → a → b → b mutually; The input that output phase C connects in a triangular carrier is respectively b → a → a → a → c → c → a → a → a → b mutually.The order of the output phase B and the C change of current all is b → a → c → a → b, circulates with this.The difference of output phase B and C is the asynchronism(-nization) of each state continuance.When interval ISECTOR=1, magnitude of voltage may approaching input be b mutually with c mutually.Analyze from above-mentioned change of current order, the not directly change of current between input phase b and the c, the a phase has been inserted in the centre, the value maximum of a phase, b mutually and a mutually or c mutually and the relative size of a between mutually be easy to distinguish, so by the order of adjusting each switch combination successfully avoided may be approaching at magnitude of voltage two input phase b and c between the change of current.Because only adjust the order of on off state combination, the input current and the average value of output voltage of matrix converter remain unchanged.
When interval ISECTOR changed, situation was different.For finish a complete commutation course, just matrix converter generally only can carry out the interval switching at triangular carrier peak or minimum point.In the time of between triangular carrier minimum point switch area, as Fig. 5 (a), when ISECTOR X VSECTOR switched to 2X1 by 1X1, the order of on off state combination was: acc → aca → aaa → aba → abb → aca → acc → ccc → bcc → bcb (from the summit of triangular carrier to the limit).The input of exporting phase A connection this moment is respectively mutually: a → a → a → a → a → a → a → c → b → b; The input that output phase B connects is respectively mutually: c → c → a → b → b → c → c → c → c → c; The input that output phase C connects is respectively mutually: c → a → a → a → b → a → c → c → c → b.The change of current order of output A phase is: a → c → b; The change of current order of output B phase is: c → a → b → c; The change of current order of output C phase is: c → a → b → a → c → b.The change of current increased frequency of output C phase, and there is following problems in the b → a → c in the change of current order of output C phase: when interval ISECTOR switches, and angle θ
SCApproach 0 or π/3, the duration of state a may be very short, when the duration less than power switch Dead Time T
dThe time, phenomenon can be short-circuited during change of current switching.Four step change of current sequential when Fig. 6 (a) expression change of current order is b-a-c.This moment, a phase voltage was positive maximum, and the c phase voltage is for negative maximum, and b joins and is bordering on 0.As a state duration T
1Less than T
dThe time, press voltage-type four step change of current strategies, S can take place
BpWith S
CnThe phenomenon of conducting simultaneously causes b and the short circuit of c phase voltage, and be T the duration of short-circuit
d-T
1The basic reason that is short-circuited is: b mutually and a be by from little (big) of switching of magnitude of voltage, sequential such as Fig. 4 (b) between mutually to the big sequential of magnitude of voltage from switching to for a short time; Be by big to magnitude of voltage little (little) of switching mutually, sequential such as Fig. 4 (a) between a phase and the c phase from switching to greatly from magnitude of voltage.Because a state duration is less than power switch Dead Time T
d, overlapping on b and the c change of current sequential life period mutually, be equivalent to b mutually and c the change of current has taken place between mutually.According to the relative size between them, commutation mode should be switch to greatly little, but b mutually actual be by carrying out from switching to big mode for a short time, finally cause change of current sequential to be made mistakes, thereby S take place
BpWith S
CnThe phenomenon of conducting simultaneously.
In the time of between triangular carrier peak switch area, as Fig. 5 (b), the state of a-c-b can appear in the change of current order of output C phase, when the duration T of c state
3Less than T
dThe time, S can take place equally
ApWith S
BnThe phenomenon of conducting simultaneously causes a and the short circuit of b phase voltage, and the duration is T
d-T
3
For fear of above-mentioned short trouble, matrix converter need come mutually to adjust in real time change of current sequential according to input voltage relative size, pulse duration and the input that is about to switch, and such workload is very big, and reliability is not high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of control method of matrix converter, can effectively prevent the problem in the input phase voltage is interval when switching small-pulse effect may cause input-voltage short circuit; For this reason, the present invention also will provide a kind of device of realizing this method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the control method of matrix converter of the present invention is, commutation mode is undertaken by voltage-type four step change of current strategies, and the waveform of triangular carrier makes sawtooth waveform in good time.
The control device of matrix converter of the present invention comprises:
Drive amplifying return circuit, four step of voltage-type convertor unit, voltage swing comparing unit and matrixing switch combination control unit;
Also comprise the interval and angle detecting unit of input voltage, its input links to each other with three phase mains, measures the interval ISECTOR and the angle θ sc of input voltage, and flows to matrixing switch combination control unit;
Described matrixing switch combination control unit is according to the interval ISECTOR of input voltage and the interval VSECTOR and the angle θ sv of angle θ sc and needs output voltage, determine various on off state combinations and corresponding duration, and flow to four step of voltage-type convertor unit; Wherein, when the interval ISECTOR of input voltage switches, need to change the waveform of triangular carrier, make it become sawtooth waveforms;
The input of described voltage swing comparing unit is connected with the input of the output of filter and matrix converter, detects the relative size of input voltage, and flows to four step of voltage-type convertor unit;
Described four step of voltage-type convertor unit carries out the four step changes of current according to relative size and the various switch combination and the duration thereof of input voltage, and output pulse signal is given and driven amplifying return circuit;
After the pulse signal that described driving amplifying return circuit is exported four step of voltage-type convertor unit carries out power amplification, drive each power switch of matrix converter.
After adopting method and apparatus of the present invention, when switching, the waveform of triangular carrier is become sawtooth waveform in the interval; When the interval of input voltage switched, the direction of switching according to the interval in the initial value that the peak or the minimum point of triangular carrier changes triangular carrier, not only successfully avoided small-pulse effect may cause the problem of input-voltage short circuit, can also reduce the switch number of times.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further detailed explanation below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Fig. 1 is the topology diagram of three-phase matrix converter.
Fig. 2 (a) is the interval division figure of input phase voltage, (b) is the interval division figure of output line voltage.
Fig. 3 is that output phase A is by power switch and input three-phase a, b, c connection layout.
Fig. 4 is the sequential chart of voltage-type four step change of current strategies, and wherein (a) expression switches to four big step sequential charts of magnitude of voltage for a short time from magnitude of voltage, and (b) expression switches to four little step sequential charts of magnitude of voltage greatly from magnitude of voltage.
Fig. 5 is carrier wave switch combination variation diagram when being triangle.
Fig. 6 is the Time-Series analysis figure that small-pulse effect causes input-voltage short circuit.
Fig. 7 is the variation diagram of the triangular carrier that proposes of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is that triangular carrier becomes four step change of current sequential charts behind the sawtooth waveforms.
Fig. 9 is a control device structural representation of the present invention.
Embodiment
When triangular carrier during in minimum point, switch if this moment voltage range takes place, and interval by incremental variations, as press
Trend changes, and when that switched in the interval, the present invention directly changed to maximum to the waveform of triangular carrier from minimum value, and triangular carrier is become sawtooth waveform, and the duration is half triangular carrier period T s.Shown in Fig. 7 (a), interval ISECTOR switches to 2 from 1, it is 1 constant that interval VSECTOR keeps, the waveform of triangular carrier directly changes to maximum from minimum value, and the switch combination order in those continuous two Ts times becomes: acc → aca → aaa → aba → abb → bcb → bcc → ccc → acc → aca.Export the input that A is connected and be respectively mutually this moment: a → a → a → a → a → b → b → c → a → a; The input that output B is connected is respectively mutually: c → c → a → b → b → c → c → c → c → c; The input that output C is connected is respectively mutually: c → a → a → a → b → b → c → c → c → a.The change of current order of output phase A is: a → b → c → a; The change of current order of output phase B is: c → a → b → c; The change of current order of output phase C is: c → a → b → c → a.The change of current order of output three-phase all becomes and is a → b → c when switching in the interval.From as can be known noted earlier, input a phase voltage value is positive maximum, the b phase voltage value approaches 0, the c phase voltage value is for negative maximum, the change of current order of this moment is to switch to for a short time from switch to greatly again, and change of current sequential all is from switching to little pattern greatly, and the switching sequence when not changing the triangular carrier waveform is inequality, the phenomenon of voltage short circuit can not take place in concrete change of current sequential again shown in Fig. 8 (a).
Equally,, switch, and intervally change, as press by successively decreasing if this moment voltage range takes place when triangular carrier during at minimum high point
Trend changes, and when that switched in the interval, the present invention directly changed to minimum value to the waveform of triangular carrier from maximum, and triangular carrier is become sawtooth waveform, and the duration is half triangular carrier period T s.Shown in Fig. 7 (b), interval ISECTOR switches to 1 from 2, it is 1 constant that interval VSECTOR keeps, the waveform of triangular carrier directly changes to minimum value from maximum, and the switch combination order in those continuous two Ts times becomes: aca → acc → ccc → bcc → bcb → abb → aba → aaa → aca → acc.Export the input that A is connected and be respectively mutually this moment: a → a → c → b → b → a → a → a → a → a; The input that output B is connected is respectively mutually: c → c → c → c → c → b → b → a → c → c; The input that output C is connected is respectively mutually: a → c → c → c → b → b → a → a → a → c.The change of current order of output phase A is: a → c → b → a; The change of current order of output phase B is: c → b → a → c; The change of current order of output phase C is: a → c → b → a → c; The change of current order of output three-phase all becomes and is c → b → a when switching in the interval.The change of current order of this moment is to switch to from switch to for a short time greatly again, change of current sequential all is from by switching to big pattern for a short time, switching sequence when not changing the triangular carrier waveform is inequality, and concrete change of current sequential shown in Fig. 8 (b) phenomenon of voltage short circuit can not take place again.
Press as interval ISECTOR
Trend changes, and then can not carry out the interval at the triangular carrier peak and switch.Because interval ISECTOR presses
During variation, need when triangular carrier touches the bottom, could carry out waveform transformation according to Fig. 7 (a).If interval ISECTOR has needed to switch at the triangular carrier peak, carry out interval switching in the time of need being deferred to next triangular carrier minimum point again.Delay time is Ts.
Equally, press as interval ISECTOR
Trend changes, and then can not carry out the interval in the triangular carrier minimum point and switch.Because interval ISECTOR presses
During variation, need when triangular carrier peaks, could carry out waveform transformation according to Fig. 7 (b).If interval ISECTOR has needed to switch in the triangular carrier minimum point, carry out interval switching in the time of need being deferred to next triangular carrier peak again.Delay time is Ts.Ts is generally less than 100us, and with respect to the cycle 20ms of input voltage, Ts is relatively very little, can ignore the influence of output voltage and input current.
The switching of interval VSECTOR does not need to change the waveform of triangular carrier, and can occur in the peak or the minimum point of triangular carrier.As long as switching has taken place interval ISECTOR, no matter whether interval VSECTOR switches, the waveform of triangular carrier all need make sawtooth waveform into.
As shown in Figure 9, control device of the present invention comprises driving amplifying return circuit 8, four step of voltage-type convertor unit 9, voltage swing comparing unit 10, matrixing switch combination control unit 11 and input voltage interval and angle detecting unit 12.
Three-phase matrix converter 1 is made of by 3X3 switch matrix form nine two-way power switch, and output phase A, B, C are connected on the motor 4, between input phase a, b, c and the three phase mains 3 filter 2 is installed.
Input voltage is interval to link to each other with three phase mains 3 with angle detecting unit 12, measures the interval ISECTOR and the angle θ sc of three-phase input voltage in real time, flows to matrixing switch combination control unit 11.Motor variable-frequency variable-voltage controller 13 by current transformer 6 and 7 and encoder 5 detect electric current and the motor running speed and the angle of motor 4 respectively, motor is carried out variable-frequency variable-voltage control, calculate the required three-phase voltage of motor, calculate the interval VSECTOR and the angle θ sv of output voltage then according to potentiometer, flow to matrixing switch combination control unit 11.Matrixing switch combination control unit 11 is according to the interval ISECTOR and the VSECTOR reference table-1 selector switch combinations of states of input, and calculating duration of each on off state combination according to formula (1) according to angle θ sc and θ sv, the input voltage power factor of the vector magnitude of Coefficient m and output voltage and expectation is relevant in the formula (1).When interval ISECTOR switched, triangular carrier changed waveform by the method that the present invention proposes, the order that the control switch combinations of states takes place.Voltage-type four step convertor unit 9 is according to the relative size of the input voltage of the on off state combination of matrixing switch combination control unit 11 outputs and duration and 10 outputs of voltage swing comparing unit, carry out change of current control according to voltage-type four step change of current strategies, output pulse signal is given and is driven amplifying return circuit 8.Drive amplifying return circuit 8 and triggering signal is provided for matrix converter 1,1 pair of input voltage of gating matrix converter carries out Direct Transform, motor 4 required voltages that output motor variable-frequency variable-voltage controller 12 calculates, CD-ROM drive motor 4 runnings.
In control device of the present invention, input voltage interval and angle detecting unit 12 are installed between three-phase input power supply 3 and the filter 2, mainly be the influence of considering owing to 1 pair of input voltage of matrix converter, the good reason of waveform of the voltage waveform specific output side of filter 2 input sides.Voltage swing comparing unit 10 is installed between filter 2 and the matrix converter 1, be that the test point of voltage swing comparing unit 10 is near more good more from the input side of matrix converter 1 because four step of voltage-type convertor unit needs to detect in real time the relative size of matrix converter 1 input side three-phase voltage.
Matrixing switch combination control unit 11 becomes virtual ac-dc-ac transform device with matrix converter 1 equivalence, utilize space vector modulation technique to realize virtual rectification and virtual inversion respectively, at last that both are comprehensive, obtain required modulating function matrix, realize linear transformation, it is sinusoidal not only making input current, the frequency of output voltage and adjustable amplitude value, but and the power two-way flow, have the four quadrant running ability.
Claims (4)
1. the control method of a matrix converter is characterized in that: commutation mode is undertaken by voltage-type four step change of current strategies, and the waveform of triangular carrier makes sawtooth waveform in good time.
2. control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when voltage range changes by the mode that increases progressively, and carry out the interval when switching in the minimum point of triangular carrier, change the waveform of triangular carrier, directly change to peak from minimum point.
3. control method as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: when voltage range changes by the mode of successively decreasing, and carry out the interval when switching at the peak of triangular carrier, change the waveform of triangular carrier, directly change to minimum point from peak.
4. the control device of a matrix converter is characterized in that: comprise driving amplifying return circuit (8), four step of voltage-type convertor unit (9), voltage swing comparing unit (10) and matrixing switch combination control unit (11);
Also comprise the interval and angle detecting unit (12) of input voltage, its input links to each other with three phase mains (3), measures the interval ISECTOR and the angle θ sc of input voltage, and flows to matrixing switch combination control unit (11);
Described matrixing switch combination control unit (11) is according to the interval ISECTOR of input voltage and the interval VSECTOR and the angle θ sv of angle θ sc and needs output voltage, determine various on off state combinations and corresponding duration, and flow to four step of voltage-type convertor unit (9); Wherein, when the interval ISECTOR of input voltage switches, need to change the waveform of triangular carrier, make it become sawtooth waveforms;
The input of described voltage swing comparing unit (10) is connected with the output of filter (2) and the input of matrix converter (1), detects the relative size of input voltage, and flows to four step of voltage-type convertor unit (9);
Described voltage-type four step convertor units (9) carry out the four step changes of current according to relative size and the various switch combination and the duration thereof of input voltage, and output pulse signal is given and driven amplifying return circuit (8);
After the pulse signal that described driving amplifying return circuit (8) is exported voltage-type four step convertor units (9) carries out power amplification, drive each power switch of matrix converter (1).
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| CN104201904A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2014-12-10 | 株式会社安川电机 | Matrix converter and control method therefor |
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| CN201167289Y (en) * | 2007-11-16 | 2008-12-17 | 华中科技大学 | Control device for matrix transducer |
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| CN105763070A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-07-13 | 洛阳理工学院 | System and method for controlling matrix converter space vector modulation strategy |
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