CN101866054A - Optical system of multispectral area array CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imager - Google Patents
Optical system of multispectral area array CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imager Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an optical system of a multispectral area array CCD (Charge Coupled Device) imager, relating to the field of design and manufacture of the optical system of the multispectral area array CCD imager and solving the problems that the traditional multispectral imager can only obtain spectrum information of a certain wave band of a target at the same time and can not realize the design requirements of a multispectral optical system with wide wave band range and temperature range and a long back working distance. The system consists of two sets of subsystems, a first set of subsystem realizes spectrum information of untraviolet, blue, green, red and infrared wave bands, and the system obtains information of different wave bands through two lens sets and a corresponding detector and carries out imaging; and a second set of subsystem image the obtained information by adopting two germanium lenses and a long wave infrared detector to realize spectrum information of a long wave infrared wave band. The invention realizes simultaneously imaging of a target at six wave bands by adopting two sets of optical systems and is suitable for multispectral imaging places with strict requirements on the volume and the weight, such as aviation shooting.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the design of Optical System and the making field of multispectral area array CCD imager.
Background technology
Multi-spectral imager combines spectral analysis technique and two-dimensional imaging technology effectively, can not only carry out the two-dimensional imaging of geometric shape to target, can also obtain the abundant spectral information of target simultaneously, thereby obtains the physical spectrum characteristic of target.The optical principle of multi-spectral imager has a variety of, and its core is light splitting technology.
Multi-spectral imager can be divided into by light-dividing principle: color dispersion-type, interfere type, rotating filtering sheet type etc.The imaging spectrometer of color dispersion-type has optical grating diffraction and two kinds of beam split modes of prism chromatic dispersion, and such imaging spectrometer has slit in light path, and luminous flux is not high, influence the spatial resolution and the spectral resolution of system, and image planes is linear arrays; The interference type imaging spectrometer has than higher luminous flux, and spectral resolution is also very high, but the accuracy requirement that optical design and system are debug is high, becomes the main difficult problem of system development; Rotating filtering sheet type imaging spectrometer simplicity of design make easily, but synchronization can only obtain the spectral information of some wave bands of target.When requiring synchronization can obtain the spectral information of several wave bands of target, use the area array CCD imaging simultaneously, and requiring system bulk little, in light weight, the imaging spectrometer of above-mentioned several types can't satisfy these requirements and can't realize wide wavelength band and the multispectral Design for optical system problem of temperature range and very long back work distance.
Summary of the invention
The present invention can only obtain the spectral information of some wave bands of target for solving existing multi-spectral imager at synchronization, and can't realize the problem that the multispectral Design for optical system of wide wavelength band and temperature range and very long back work distance requires; A kind of optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager is provided.
The optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager is become by two cover groups of subsystems, first the cover subsystem wave band be from the ultraviolet light beam wave band near infrared light beam wave band, described ultraviolet light beam wave band to the service band scope of near infrared light beam wave band is 330nm～1100nm; The wave band of the second cover subsystem is a long wave infrared region, and the service band scope of described long wave infrared region is 8000nm～12000nm; The described first cover subsystem comprises: first lens combination, second lens combination, first beam splitter, second beam splitter, visible light 3CCD detector, ultraviolet detector and near infrared detector; Described first lens combination is a negative lens group, and second lens combination is a positive lens groups; Ultraviolet light beam, blue beam, blue beam, red beam and near infrared light beam are incident to first beam splitter after by first lens combination and second lens combination, the ultraviolet light beam of described first beam splitter reflection 330nm～380nm is to light beam to the second beam splitter of ultraviolet detector and transmission 380nm～1100nm, and described ultraviolet detector is to the ultraviolet light beam imaging of the 330nm～380nm of reception; The light beam of described second beam splitter reflection 380nm～760nm is transmitted through near infrared detector to visible light 3CCD detector and transmission peak wavelength greater than the near infrared light beam of 760nm and carries out imaging, described visible light 3CCD detector is divided into blue beam, blue beam and red beam with the light beam that receives, and with the imaging on the ccd detector of correspondence of blue beam, blue beam and red beam; The second cover subsystem comprises first germainium lens, second germainium lens and LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector, and light beam is transmitted through the LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector by first germainium lens and second germainium lens, and described LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector carries out imaging to the light beam that receives.
Principle of the present invention: the present invention adopts prism or beam splitter to carry out beam split, carries out appropriate design on light path, the back work distance requirement that wide wavelength band and temperature range are very long; In addition, owing to ultraviolet, indigo plant, green, red and 5 wave bands of near infrared, adopt three cameras, for the space that guarantees that camera is installed, optical system just must have bigger back work distance.In addition, be suitable for 330nm seldom, have only CaF to the lens material of 1100nm
2Proper with fused quartz, this has brought bigger trouble for the chromatic aberration correction of broadband system.When carrying out design of Optical System,, select the little CaF of chromatic dispersion according to aberration balance equation group
2Make positive lens, the fused quartz that chromatic dispersion is big is made negative lens, can reduce the aberration of system.In order to obtain long back work distance, system adopts anti-long distance structural shape, and negative lens group is preceding, positive lens groups after.System uses in than wider temperature range, and operating distance also changing, just must be focused to system and could guarantee high image quality simultaneously.The focusing scheme mainly contains two kinds of mobile image planes and mobile lens, because detector is a lot of in the native system, mobile image planes are very complicated, therefore adopts the method for mobile lens to carry out temperature and distance focusing.For the long wave infrared region system, adopt aspheric surface and diffraction surfaces to reduce the aberration of system, the image quality of raising system adopts the method for mobile eyeglass to carry out temperature and distance focusing.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention can collect the ultraviolet band of terrain object simultaneously, and ((((((optical information of six wave bands of 8000nm～12000nm) can obtain the spectral characteristics of radiation of terrain object at these six wave bands by corresponding analytical calculation for 760nm～1100nm), long wave infrared region for 660nm～760nm), near-infrared band for 500nm～530nm), red wave band for 440nm～490nm), green wave band for 330nm～380nm), blue wave band.The present invention has adopted advanced technology in design of Optical System, improved system performance.Embody in the following areas respectively:
One, integrated level of the present invention is very high, adopt two cover optical systems to realize that target is in the imaging simultaneously of six wave bands, and use planar array detector, there is not complicated scanning mechanism in the system, reduced the volume and weight of equipment to a great extent, can satisfy the occasion that system bulk and weight is had strict demand, for example airborne is taken.
Two, the present invention has solved the multispectral design of Optical System problem of wide wavelength band and temperature range and very long back work distance well, uses simple version, can obtain good image quality simultaneously, greatly reduces the development cost of system.
Three, the present invention uses diffraction optical element can reduce system bulk, weight in long wave infrared region, improves the system imaging quality.And the most important thing is to avoid to use expensive ZnSe material.Only use the Ge material to finish the development work of system thereby reached, be applicable to volume production, and can be used in the multispectral imaging occasion strict volume and weight.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an optical system structure synoptic diagram of the present invention;
Wherein (a) is the structural representation of the first cover subsystem, (b) is the structural representation of the second cover subsystem;
Fig. 2 is the light path synoptic diagram of the first cover subsystem of embodiment two among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the light path synoptic diagram of the second cover subsystem of embodiment three among the present invention;
Among the figure: 1, first lens combination, 1-1, first lens, 1-2, second lens, 2, second lens combination, 2-1, the 3rd lens, 2-2, the 4th lens, 2-3, the 5th lens, 3, first beam splitter, 4, second beam splitter, 5, visible light 3CCD detector, 6, ultraviolet detector, 7, near infrared detector, 8, first germainium lens, the front surface of 8-1, first germainium lens, the rear surface of 8-2, first germainium lens, 9, second germainium lens, the front surface of 9-1, second germainium lens, the rear surface of 9-2, second germainium lens, 10, Long Wave Infrared Probe; The window of 10-1, Long Wave Infrared Probe.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: this embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager, this system is become by two cover groups of subsystems, first the cover subsystem wave band be from the ultraviolet light beam wave band near infrared light beam wave band, described ultraviolet light beam wave band to the service band scope of near infrared light beam wave band is 330nm～1100nm; The wave band of the second cover subsystem is a long wave infrared region, and the service band scope of described long wave infrared region is 8000nm～12000nm; The described first cover subsystem comprises: first lens combination 1, second lens combination 2, first beam splitter 3, second beam splitter 4, visible light 3CCD detector 5, ultraviolet detector 6 and near infrared detector 7; Described first lens combination 1 is a negative lens group, and second lens combination 2 is a positive lens groups; Described ultraviolet light beam, blue beam, blue beam, red beam and near infrared light beam are incident to first beam splitter 3 after by first lens combination 1 and second lens combination 2, the ultraviolet light beam of described first beam splitter, 3 reflection 330nm～380nm is to light beam to the second beam splitter 4 of ultraviolet detector 6 and transmission 380nm～1100nm, the ultraviolet light beam imaging of the 330nm～380nm of 6 pairs of receptions of described ultraviolet detector; The light beam of described second beam splitter 4 reflection 380nm～760nm is transmitted through near infrared detector 7 to visible light 3CCD detector 5 and transmission peak wavelength greater than the near infrared light beam of 760nm and carries out imaging, described visible light 3CCD detector 5 is divided into blue beam, blue beam and red beam with the light beam that receives, and with the imaging on the ccd detector of correspondence of blue beam, blue beam and red beam; The second cover subsystem comprises first germainium lens 8, second germainium lens 9 and LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector 10, light beam is transmitted through LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector 10 by first germainium lens 8 and second germainium lens 9, and the light beam of 10 pairs of receptions of described LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector carries out imaging.
Described first lens combination 1 of present embodiment is made up of the first lens 1-1 and the second lens 1-2, and light beam is incident to second lens combination 2 by the first lens 1-1 and the second lens 1-2;
Described first lens combination 1 of present embodiment can be made up of the first lens 1-1, the second lens 1-2 and the 6th lens, described light beam is incident to second lens combination 2 by the first lens 1-1, the second lens 1-2 and the 6th lens, described the 6th lens and the first lens 1-1 and the second lens 1-2 constitute negative lens group jointly, have improved image quality.
The first lens 1-1 material of described first lens combination 1 of present embodiment is a fused quartz, and the material of the second lens 1-2 is CaF
2
Described second lens combination 2 of present embodiment is made up of the 3rd lens 2-1, the 4th lens 2-2 and the 5th lens 2-3, and light beam is incident to first beam splitter 3 by the 3rd lens 2-1, the 4th lens 2-2 and the 5th lens 2-3.
The 3rd lens 2-1 material of described second lens combination 2 of present embodiment is a fused quartz, and the 4th lens 2-2 and the 5th lens 2-3 material all are CaF
2
The surface of described first beam splitter 3 of present embodiment is coated with beam splitting coating, and reflection wavelength is the light beam of 330nm～380nm, and transmission peak wavelength is greater than the light beam of 380nm; The surface of second beam splitter 4 is coated with beam splitting coating, and reflection wavelength is the light beam of 380nm～760nm, and transmission peak wavelength is greater than the light beam of 760nm.
The surface of described first germainium lens 8 of present embodiment and second germainium lens 9 is the diffraction aspheric surface, and the diffraction aspheric surface is provided with the diffraction endless belt, and described diffraction endless belt can reduce the aberration of system and because temperature variation to the influence of system, has improved the quality of imaging.
The window 10-1 material of the described LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector 10 of present embodiment is a germanium material.
The wavelength band of the described blue beam of present embodiment is 440nm～490nm, and the wavelength band of blue beam is 500nm～530nm, and the wavelength band of red beam is 660nm～760nm, and the wavelength band of near infrared light beam is 760nm～1100nm.
Embodiment two: in conjunction with Fig. 2 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is the specific embodiment of the cover of first described in the embodiment one subsystem:
The focal length of optical system is 60mm, and angle of half field-of view is 3.9 °, and system F number equals 4, and the volume of optical system is approximately 100mm * 72mm * 48mm.Among the figure, negative lens group before the first lens 1-1, the second lens 1-2 form, the 3rd lens 2-1, the 4th lens 2-2 and the 5th lens 2-3 form the back positive lens groups, have constituted anti-long distance structure like this, can access very long back work distance.Ultraviolet light beam, blue beam, blue beam, red beam and near infrared light beam all will be through the first lens 1-1, the second lens 1-2 and the 3rd lens 2-1, the 4th lens 2-2 and the 5th lens 2-3, arrive first beam splitter 3 then, first beam splitter 3 makes the ultraviolet light beam reflection of 330nm～380nm, make the light beam transmission of 380nm～1100nm simultaneously, ultraviolet light beam is reflexed to by first beam splitter 3 and carries out imaging on the ultraviolet detector 6.Wavelength sees through the visible light beam reflection that first beam splitter, 3 arrival, second beam splitter, 4, the second beam splitters 4 make 380nm～760nm greater than visible light and the near infrared light of 380nm, makes the near infrared light beam transmission of 760nm～1100nm simultaneously.Visible light enters 3CCD detector 5, is divided into indigo plant, green and ruddiness by the Amici prism of 3CCD detector 5 the insides, accumulates in respectively to carry out imaging on the corresponding C CD; Wavelength carries out imaging above arriving near infrared detector 7 greater than the near infrared light of 760nm through 4 transmissions of second beam splitter.
The logical light diameter of the described first lens 1-1 is 16.65mm, and radius-of-curvature is respectively 85.23mm and 36.42mm, and center thickness is 3.25mm, is 5.18mm to the distance of the second lens 1-2; The logical light diameter of the described second lens 1-2 is 16.08mm, radius-of-curvature be respectively 37.10mm and-176.25mm, center thickness is 4.48mm, is 4.95mm to aperture distance; Diaphragm diameter is 14.60mm, and the distance of aperture to the three lens 2-1 is 4.05mm; The logical light diameter of described the 3rd lens 2-1 is 14.50mm, and radius-of-curvature is respectively-25.15mm and 23.46mm, and center thickness is 8.01mm, is 0.90mm to the distance of the 4th lens 2-2; The logical light diameter of described the 4th lens 2-2 is 16.74mm, radius-of-curvature be respectively 26.13mm and-28.23mm, center thickness is 3.58mm, is 0.12mm to the distance of the 5th lens 2-3; The logical light diameter of described the 5th lens 2-3 is 16.94mm, radius-of-curvature be respectively 120.17mm and-62.43mm, center thickness is 2.97mm, is 10.00mm to the distance of first beam splitter 3; The logical light diameter of described first beam splitter 3 is 20.74mm, center thickness is 1.50mm, plate beam splitting coating at front surface, make the light reflection of 330nm～380nm, the transmittance of 380nm～1100nm, first beam splitter 3 is 45 ° with the Y-Z plane included angle, and first beam splitter 3 is 49.66mm to the distance of ultraviolet detector 6, and the distance of first beam splitter, 3 to second beam splitters 4 is 13.23mm; The logical light diameter of second beam splitter 4 is 16.64mm, center thickness is 1.50mm, plate beam splitting coating at front surface, make the light reflection of 380nm～760nm, the transmittance of 760nm～1100nm, described second beam splitter 4 is 45 ° with the X-Z plane included angle, and second beam splitter 4 is 35.89mm to the distance of near infrared external detector 7.
In the foregoing description the 3rd beam splitter can be set, the distance of described second beam splitter, 4 to the 3rd beam splitters is 13.00mm; The 3rd beam splitter is parallel with second beam splitter 4, and logical light diameter is 13.05mm, and center thickness is 1.54mm, distance to the image planes of 3CCD detector 5 is 22.95mm, the surface of described the 3rd beam splitter is plated film not, and main redeeming improves the image quality of bluish-green red three wave bands.
Embodiment three: in conjunction with Fig. 3 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is the specific embodiment of the second cover subsystem in the embodiment one:
The focal length of optical system is 85.30mm, and angle of half field-of view is 3.9 °, and system F number equals 1, and the volume of optical system is approximately 85.3mm * 85.3mm * 110.6mm.The logical light diameter of first germainium lens 8 is 85.28mm, the radius-of-curvature of the front surface 8-1 of described first germainium lens 8 is 98.56mm, the rear surface 8-2 of first germainium lens 8 is diffraction aspheric surfaces, the circular cone coefficient is 0.252, and diffraction surfaces comprises two endless belt, and the endless belt width is respectively 35.671mm, 7.534mm, the radius-of-curvature of the inside surface 8-2 of first germainium lens 8 is 134.92mm, and the center thickness of first germainium lens 8 is 7.00mm, is 91.05mm to the distance of second germainium lens 9; The logical light diameter of second germainium lens 9 is 19.52mm, the radius-of-curvature of the front surface 9-1 of second germainium lens 9 is 19.98mm, the inside surface 9-2 of second germainium lens 9 is aspheric surfaces, the circular cone coefficient is-0.155, the radius-of-curvature of the rear surface 9-2 of second germainium lens 9 is 19.50mm, the described second germainium lens center thickness is 3.00mm, is 8.54mm to the distance of the window 10-1 of Long Wave Infrared Probe 10; The logical light diameter of the window 10-1 of Long Wave Infrared Probe 10 is 12.26mm, and thickness is 1mm.
Claims (10)
1. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager, it is characterized in that, this system is become by two cover groups of subsystems, the wave band of the first cover subsystem be from the ultraviolet light beam wave band near infrared light beam wave band, described ultraviolet light beam wave band to the service band scope of near infrared light beam wave band is 330nm～1100nm; The wave band of the second cover subsystem is a long wave infrared region, and the service band scope of described long wave infrared region is 8000nm～12000nm; The described first cover subsystem comprises: first lens combination (1), second lens combination (2), first beam splitter (3), second beam splitter (4), visible light 3CCD detector (5), ultraviolet detector (6) and near infrared detector (7); Described first lens combination (1) is a negative lens group, and second lens combination (2) is a positive lens groups; Ultraviolet light beam, blue beam, blue beam, red beam and near infrared light beam are incident to first beam splitter (3) after by first lens combination (1) and second lens combination (2), the ultraviolet light beam of described first beam splitter (3) reflection 330nm～380nm is to light beam to the second beam splitter (4) of ultraviolet detector (6) and transmission 380nm～1100nm, and described ultraviolet detector (6) is to the ultraviolet light beam imaging of the 330nm～380nm of reception; The light beam of described second beam splitter (4) reflection 380nm～760nm is transmitted through near infrared detector (7) to visible light 3CCD detector (5) and transmission peak wavelength greater than the near infrared light beam of 760nm and carries out imaging, described visible light 3CCD detector (5) is divided into blue beam, blue beam and red beam with the light beam that receives, and with the imaging on the ccd detector of correspondence of blue beam, blue beam and red beam; The second cover subsystem comprises first germainium lens (8), second germainium lens (9) and LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector (10), light beam is transmitted through LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector (10) by first germainium lens (8) and second germainium lens (9), and described LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector (10) carries out imaging to the light beam that receives.
2. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first lens combination (1) is made up of first lens (1-1) and second lens (1-2), and light beam is incident to second lens combination (2) by first lens (1-1) and second lens (1-2).
3. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that, first lens (1-1) material of described first lens combination (1) is a fused quartz, and second lens (1-2) material is CaF
2
4. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described first lens combination (1) is by first lens (1-1), second lens (1-2) and the 6th lens, and light beam is incident to second lens combination (2) by first lens (1-1), second lens (1-2) and the 6th lens.
5. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described second lens combination (2) is made up of the 3rd lens (2-1), the 4th lens (2-2) and the 5th lens (2-3), and light beam is incident to first beam splitter (3) by the 3rd lens (2-1), the 4th lens (2-2) and the 5th lens (2-3).
6. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the 3rd lens (2-1) material of described second lens combination (2) is a fused quartz, and the 4th lens (2-2) and the 5th lens (2-3) material all are CaF
2
7. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the surface of described first beam splitter (3) is coated with beam splitting coating, and reflection wavelength is the light beam of 330nm～380nm, and transmission peak wavelength is greater than the light beam of 380nm; The surface of second beam splitter (4) is coated with beam splitting coating, and reflection wavelength is the light beam of 380nm～760nm, and transmission peak wavelength is greater than the light beam of 760nm.
8. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the surface of described first germainium lens (8) and second germainium lens (9) is the diffraction aspheric surface, and the diffraction aspheric surface is provided with the diffraction endless belt.
9. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1 is characterized in that, window (10-1) material of described LONG WAVE INFRARED ccd detector (10) is a germanium material.
10. the optical system of multispectral area array CCD imager according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the wavelength band of described blue beam is 440nm～490nm, the wavelength band of blue beam is 500nm～530nm, the wavelength band of red beam is 660nm～760nm, and the wavelength band of near infrared light beam is 760nm～1100nm.
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