CN101864604A - Double-component fiber and production method thereof - Google Patents
Double-component fiber and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101864604A CN101864604A CN200910136866A CN200910136866A CN101864604A CN 101864604 A CN101864604 A CN 101864604A CN 200910136866 A CN200910136866 A CN 200910136866A CN 200910136866 A CN200910136866 A CN 200910136866A CN 101864604 A CN101864604 A CN 101864604A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a double-component fiber and a manufacturing method thereof. The fiber consists of first polymers which are discontinuously distributed in an elliptical form on a cross section and play a fiber-forming role and second polymers which are continuously distributed on the cross section with alkali solubility, and meets the following formulas that N is more than or equal to 2 and less than or equal to 5 (I) and A is more than or equal to 60 percent and less than or equal to 95 percent (II), wherein in the formulas, N expresses the discontinuously distributed number of the first polymers on the cross section, and A expresses the ratio of the length of the first polymers on the cross section perimeter to the whole cross section perimeter. The double-component fiber is characterized in that the double-component fiber is obtained by adopting a composite spinning board. After a fabric is formed and the second polymers with the alkali solubility are reduced, the section of the rest fiber-forming first polymer fiber is approximately elliptical, and the dyed fiber can keep high color yield and soft handfeel.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bicomponent fiber and production method thereof, particularly a kind of bicomponent filament that contains the solubility polyester.
Background technology
Thin dawn and superfine Denier fibre are development in recent years fibre in differentiation a kind of rapidly, be called as the synthetic fiber of a new generation and the Gospel of synthetic fiber, from development trend, make finished product with thin dawn and superfine Denier fibre fiber, must become the fashion trend of new century grade textiles.
Fine count fiber is because diameter is very little, so its bending stiffness is very little, and sag is big, fiber feel particularly soft; The specific area of fine count fiber is very big, so the spreadability of its fabric, bulkiness and warmth retention property are significantly improved; Specific fiber surface is long-pending big, and the number of times that contacts with dust or greasy dirt is more, and greasy dirt is more from the chance of slit infiltration between fiber surface, therefore has extremely strong cleaning function; Fine count fiber is made the close fabric of superelevation, and interfibrous space is between drop diameter and water vapour diameter of droplets, and therefore ultra-fine fabric has the water-proof air-permeable effect.But simultaneously owing to these characteristics, cause to exist in the spinning process and divide comb difficulty, the shortcoming that slivering is difficult and formation yarn nep is high, mainly adopt the island in the prior art and cut fine spinning to prepare fine count fiber.
Chinese patent CN1102967C (grant number) discloses improving one's methods of a kind of polyester staple fiber, wherein point out when the aspect ratio of polyester fiber is at least about 1.85: 1 the peripheral cross section of simple ellipse, in fabric, show the tinctorial yield that is better than the polyester staple fiber that ratio is lower in length and breadth, and this excellent cross section also can be provided at the superiority in the open-end-spinning, makes that promptly the fiber of spinning failure ratio traditional round tee section of yarn is few.This fiber requires spinning condition higher, the mentioned aspect ratio that when filament denier is 0.4～1.5, will patent, and the control of Design of spinneret and lateral blowing is comparatively strict.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of gloss excellence, soft bi-component to cut very thin dawn fiber, this fiber by carrying out first polymer that plays role of fiber of discontinuous distribution with oval form on the cross section and on cross section alkali-soluble second polymer that has of continuous distributed form, and satisfy following formula
2≤N≤5 (I)
60％≤A≤95％ (II)
In the formula, N is illustrated in the discontinuously arranged number of first polymer on the cross section, and A is illustrated in the ratio that the shared length of first polymer on the section girth accounts for the entire cross section girth.When N=2, bicomponent fiber be two cut apart the silk (as Fig. 4), under the certain condition of discharge-amount and compound ratio, this moment, fibre-forming polymer equivalent fiber number was the highest, if the spinneret design cost is also lower, but will obtain fibre-forming polymer than the low equivalent fiber number time, must reduce the discharge-amount of two kinds of polymer, thereby the increase of the number that causes breaking end causes spinning situation variation.Therefore fibre-forming polymer to be obtained, fibre-forming polymer discontinuously arranged number on cross section can be suitably improved than the low equivalent fiber number, the numerical value of N just, N numerical value is high more, and then fibre-forming polymer equivalent fiber number is low more.N＞5 o'clock, the spinnerets cost of manufacture sharply rises, and make fibre-forming polymer keep certain aspect ratio, fibre-forming polymer is compound than descending with alkali soluble polyester, just the alkali soluble polyester use amount increases, cause cost to increase, therefore N is controlled between 2～5 and can obtains bigger benefit.The A value can change with the variation of compound ratio, and the N value is fixing, total two component discharge-amounts are fixed, heightens the compound ratio between fibre-forming polymer and alkali soluble polyester, and then the A value raises.The too high meeting of A value causes bicomponent fiber to be difficult to carry out in back processing alkali decrement process, and the A value is low excessively, and then the alkali soluble polyester use amount is bigger than normal, is unfavorable for cost control.
The percentage by weight of first polymer and second polymer is 85%～50%: 15%～50%, the occurrence of percentage by weight needs to decide according to N value, A value and aspect ratio, the N value is low more, the A value is high more, aspect ratio is big more, then the percentage by weight of first polymer and second polymer is big more, and the alkali soluble polyester use amount is few more.
First polymer is polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester or its composition.Polyester wherein can be to be the polyester fiber that primary standard substance carries out various physics or chemical modification with the polyester, as in polyethylene terephthalate, adding polyethylene glycol, the hydrophilic polyester fiber of making, grafting sulfonate in polyethylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) long-chain, the cationic dyeable polyester fiber of making.Also can contain a certain amount of titanium dioxide in first polymer, its content is preferably 0%～7.5%, content of titanium dioxide is low, then its influenced by the alkali decrement little, its surface gloss is better, along with the raising of content of titanium dioxide, fabric fall and barrier property improve, but the fabric face glossiness descends.
Second polymer is an alkali soluble polyester, and the main component of forming alkali soluble polyester is terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol, dimethyl isophthalate-5-sodium sulfonate, polyethylene glycol.Therefore part about alkali soluble polyester in this patent is not its summary of the invention, and the selection about second polymer is various, and it can be an alkali soluble polyester, can be water-soluble polyester yet or has the low PLA that pollutes easy decomposability.
First polymer of fiber of the present invention carries out discontinuous distribution with oval form on fiber cross section, its oval cross section major diameter is 1.5: 1～4: 1 with the minor axis ratio.Fiber of the present invention need pass through the alkali decrement treatment, therefore the oval fibres after the decrement is not compared with the circular cross-section fiber that passes through the decrement process, under the situation of same dyestuff percentage by weight, its color is shallow than the circular cross-section fiber, and concrete numerical value is seen table 1 among the embodiment.First polymer of this fiber each on cross section is oval to distribute, and is 0.1～1.5dtex through the final filament number after the alkali decrement treatment, and fiber number is excessive, then can not embody the fine denier filament effect of fiber, and fiber number is low excessively, and is then higher to the spinning condition requirement, is not suitable for large-scale production.
The composite spinneret that the present invention adopts can cut fine and cut fibre more for two, cuts how much looking spinnerets cost of manufacture and filament number requirement and changing of fine number.
The manufacture method of fiber of the present invention, be specially first polymer and second polymer all are dried to below the moisture 100ppm, send into A and the fusion of B screw rod respectively, pass through measuring pump, through the composite spinneret extrusion molding, at spinning temperature is 250～320 ℃, speed is to coil into silk under the condition of 1200～5000m/min, in the bicomponent fiber that the process composite spinneret makes, first polymer is presented as discontinuous distribution on the monofilament cross section, second polymer is presented as continuous distributed on the monofilament cross section, and satisfies following formula
2≤N≤5 (I)
60％≤A≤95％ (II)
In the formula, N is illustrated in the discontinuously arranged number of first polymer on the cross section, and A is illustrated in the ratio that the shared length of first polymer on the section girth accounts for the entire cross section girth.According to the difference of spinning speed, can be divided into two kinds of pre-oriented yarn and fully oriented filaments.The spinning speed of pre-oriented yarn is 1200～3500m/min, spin pre-oriented yarn can carry out false twisting and extend processing: the process velocity of false twist yarn is that 300～700m/min, processing temperature are that 110～200 ℃, extension ratio are 1.20～3.00, make stretch textured yarn, because through false twisting processing, the cross section special-shaped degree of monofilament after can causing after the processing decrement increases; The process velocity that extends the processing silk is that 300～700m/min, processing temperature are that 110～200 ℃, extension ratio are 1.20～3.00, makes drafted fibre.The spinning speed of one-step method spinning fully oriented filament is 3500～5000m/min, setting a heat roller temperature is 70～100 ℃, two heat roller temperatures are 110～180 ℃, and extension ratio is 1.20～3.00 between two hot-rollings, and specifically setting numerical value needs to decide according to desired rerum natura of cutting fibril.By the spinning pre-oriented yarn extend again processing obtain fully oriented filament and one-step method spinning fully oriented filament gained to cut the fibril physical difference little.
Advantage of the present invention is: fiber precursor adopts composite spinning technology, the precursor filament number is 0.25～7.5dtex, the branch comb difficulty that the Direct Spinning fine count fiber causes, the shortcoming that slivering is difficult and formation yarn nep is high have been eliminated, simultaneously lower for the requirement of the making of spinnerets and lateral blowing, be fit to that existing spinning machine carries out extensive spinning and not needs it is transformed; Fiber among the present invention carries out fabric processing back alkali decrement, and the decrement process is easy to carry out, and the fibre section is oval after its decrement, and the fiber tinctorial yield is higher, simultaneously fabrics feel soft.
The oval cross section line of apsides ratio that carries out first polymer of discontinuous distribution with oval form in the bicomponent fiber of the present invention is transformable, the approach that obtains higher line of apsides ratio is as follows: a, reduce fibre-forming polymer and the alkali solubility compound ratio of cutting into slices, compound ratio is more little, and the line of apsides is higher than more; B, change spinneret design, the cross section minor axis length of fibre-forming polymer after the reduction decrement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that the present invention three cuts fine precursor sectional view.
Fig. 2 is that the present invention two cuts fine precursor sectional view.
Fig. 3 is that the present invention three cuts sectional view after the fine precursor false twist yarn alkali decrement.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention three cuts fine precursor and extends sectional view after the processing silk alkali decrement.
The specific embodiment:
The invention will be further described below by specific embodiment.Following examples should not regarded limitation of the present invention as.
Embodiment 1
Long and slender dimension is cut in fusion method spinning preparation three, and first polymer and second polymer adopt common half delustring polyethylene terephthalate (SD, TiO respectively
2Content 0.3%wt) and alkali soluble polyester (CoPET), drying makes its moisture less than 100ppm respectively, common half delustring polyethylene terephthalate and alkali soluble polyester were dropped into A respectively by weight 60: 40, the B extruder, set spinning temperature, 290 ℃ of extruder temperatures, 275 ℃ of No. two extruder temperatures, the total discharge-amount of two components is 23.52g/min, adopt three of particular design to cut fine spinnerets, control lateral blowing wind speed 25m/min, spinning speed 2800m/min, the former silk size 84.0dtex that spins, common half delustring polyethylene terephthalate shows as discontinuous component on the precursor cross section, alkali soluble polyester shows as continuous stand (as shown in Figure 1) on the precursor cross section.
Precursor is carried out false twisting processing, 180 ℃ of heater temperatures, coiling speed 500m/min, stretching ratio 1.7.
Precursor is extended processing, 90 ℃ of heat roller temperatures, 130 ℃ of two heat roller temperatures, coiling speed 500m/min, extension ratio 1.7.
At 90 ℃, under the 2%NaOH concentration fabric is carried out decrement, decrement is complete during 20min, takes out and cleans and drying, draws reduction rate; With decrement completely fabric dye, the dyestuff that dyeing is used is common blue disperse dye, dye strength 1.5%wt (with respect to example weight), in infrared dyeing machine with 130 ℃ temperature dyeing 30min, dye on fully this moment, processing is washed in taking-up, measures the tone value of fabric, and concrete numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 2
Adopt spinning, processing, decrement, the dyeing identical with embodiment 1, but change wherein common half delustring polyethylene terephthalate and alkali soluble polyester compositely proportional, weight ratio became 70: 30 by 60: 40, and specifically numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 3
Adopt spinning, processing, decrement, the dyeing identical with embodiment 1, but change wherein common half delustring polyethylene terephthalate and alkali soluble polyester compositely proportional, weight ratio changed into 80: 20 by 60: 40, and specifically numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 4
Adopt spinning chips, spinning temperature, discharge-amount, the compound when lateral blowing identical with embodiment 1, but adopt one-step method to carry out spinning, the hot-rolling speed of setting is 2800m/min, 90 ℃ of temperature, two hot-rolling speed 4760m/min, 130 ℃ of temperature, winding speed 4700m/min, the gained fully oriented filament adopts decrement, the dyeing identical with embodiment 1, and specifically numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 5
Very thin dawn fiber is cut in fusion method spinning preparation two, adopts section, spinning, processing, decrement, dyeing and the compound ratio identical with embodiment 1, adopts two of particular design to cut fine spinnerets (as Fig. 2), and concrete numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 6
Adopt spinning, processing, decrement, the dyeing identical, but the fibre-forming polymer that changes wherein there is light polyethylene terephthalate (TiO for surpassing with embodiment 1
2Content 0%wt), and the weight ratio that changes itself and alkali soluble polyester is 70: 30, and concrete numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 7
Spinning, processing, decrement, dyeing and compound ratio that employing and embodiment 6 are identical, but the fibre-forming polymer that changes wherein is full-dull polyethylene terephthalate (FD, TiO
2Content 2.2%wt), concrete numerical value sees Table 1.
Embodiment 8
Spinning, processing, decrement, dyeing and compound ratio that employing and embodiment 6 are identical, but the fibre-forming polymer that changes wherein is polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) (PBT), and concrete numerical value sees Table 1.
Comparative Examples 1
Fusion method spins common thin dawn semi dull fibre, uses the single composition spinnerets of 72H, and spinning temperature is set at 290 ℃, cooling system is the ring-type lateral blowing, wind speed 25m/min, spinning speed 2800m/min, the former silk size 84.0dtex that spins, the broken end number in the record spinning process.
Use processing and the dyeing condition identical with embodiment one, do not carry out decrement treatment, specifically numerical value sees Table 1.
Claims (10)
1. bicomponent fiber is characterized in that: this fiber by carrying out first polymer that plays role of fiber of discontinuous distribution with oval form on the cross section and on cross section alkali-soluble second polymer that has of continuous distributed form, and satisfy following formula,
2≤N≤5 (I)
60％≤A≤95％ (II)
In the formula, N is illustrated in the discontinuously arranged number of first polymer on the cross section, and A is illustrated in the ratio that the shared length of first polymer on the section girth accounts for the entire cross section girth.
2. bicomponent fiber according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the percentage by weight of first polymer and second polymer is 85%～50%: 15%～50%.
3. bicomponent fiber according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described first polymer is the composition of polyolefin, polyurethane, polyamide, polyester or above polymer.
4. bicomponent fiber according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: described second polymer is an alkali soluble polyester, and the main component of forming alkali soluble polyester is terephthalic acid (TPA), ethylene glycol, dimethyl isophthalate-5-sodium sulfonate, polyethylene glycol.
5. bicomponent fiber according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: first polymer is that 1.5: 1～4: 1 oval form is being carried out discontinuous distribution on fiber cross section with major diameter and minor axis ratio, and the first polymer filament fiber number after the decrement treatment is 0.1～1.5dtex.
6. the manufacture method of a bicomponent fiber, it is characterized in that: first polymer and second polymer all are dried to below the moisture 100ppm, send into A and the fusion of B screw rod respectively, pass through measuring pump, through the composite spinneret extrusion molding, at spinning temperature is 250～320 ℃, speed is to coil into silk under the condition of 1200～5000m/min, in the bicomponent fiber that the process composite spinneret makes, first polymer is presented as discontinuous distribution on the monofilament cross section, second polymer is presented as continuous distributed on the monofilament cross section, and satisfies following formula
2≤N≤5 (I)
60％≤A≤95％ (II)
In the formula, N is illustrated in the discontinuously arranged number of first polymer on the cross section, and A is illustrated in the ratio that the shared length of first polymer on the section girth accounts for the entire cross section girth.
7. the manufacture method of bicomponent fiber according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be to coil into pre-oriented yarn under the condition of 1200～3500m/min at spinning speed.
8. the manufacture method of bicomponent fiber according to claim 6 is characterized in that: be to batch under the condition of 3500～5000m/min to help the orientation silk at spinning speed.
9. the manufacture method of bicomponent fiber according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the pre-oriented yarn that makes carries out false twisting processing on false twisting machine, process velocity is that 300～700m/min, processing temperature are that 110～200 ℃, extension ratio are 1.20～3.00, makes the machining deformation silk.
10. the manufacture method of bicomponent fiber according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the pre-oriented yarn that makes carries out stretch process on elongator, process velocity is that 300～700m/min, processing temperature are that 110～200 ℃, extension ratio are 1.20～3.00, makes drafted fibre.
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Cited By (4)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102425015A (en) * | 2011-11-21 | 2012-04-25 | 苏州龙杰特种纤维股份有限公司 | Method for preparing fibers with performance of sheep wool and imitated wool fabric |
| CN106609402A (en) * | 2015-10-21 | 2017-05-03 | 厦门翔鹭化纤股份有限公司 | Deep-dyed superfine fiber and preparation method thereof |
| CN109629019A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 东华大学 | A kind of spunbond spinning sheath core fibers component of the bi-component that spinning is stable |
| CN110923844A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-27 | 浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司 | Preparation method of spandex easy to unwind |
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| CN109629019A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2019-04-16 | 东华大学 | A kind of spunbond spinning sheath core fibers component of the bi-component that spinning is stable |
| CN110923844A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-27 | 浙江华峰氨纶股份有限公司 | Preparation method of spandex easy to unwind |
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Application publication date: 20101020 |