CN101856898A - 透气、耐化学性、耐用和防水的多孔涂膜 - Google Patents

透气、耐化学性、耐用和防水的多孔涂膜 Download PDF

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CN101856898A
CN101856898A CN201010162592A CN201010162592A CN101856898A CN 101856898 A CN101856898 A CN 101856898A CN 201010162592 A CN201010162592 A CN 201010162592A CN 201010162592 A CN201010162592 A CN 201010162592A CN 101856898 A CN101856898 A CN 101856898A
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sheet material
thermoplastic coating
polymer matrix
matrix film
polymer
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CN101856898B (zh
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Y·-H·荻
T·阿布朱德
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Parker Hannifin Corp
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Abstract

一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材。片材包括防水微孔聚合物基片和结合到聚合物基片的微孔热塑性涂层。热塑性涂层透蒸气，并且透空气。热塑性涂层至少部分穿入聚合物基片的孔，形成界面，所述界面在片材上存在会导致聚合物基片允许水微滴通过的化学物质时防止水微滴通过，同时允许水蒸气和空气通过。界面抗化学干扰，并且至少具有片材的防水性质。

Description

透气、耐化学性、耐用和防水的多孔涂膜
技术领域
本发明一般涉及片材(可称为膜或薄膜)，更具体地讲，涉及具有例如抗透水、透水蒸气、透空气和显著抗化学物质存在导致的降解的性质的片材。
背景技术
含氟聚合物和热塑性弹性体已知，并用于很多不同应用，包括户外片材或薄膜。可用含氟聚合物的层或热塑性弹性体的层提供一些所需性质，如透水蒸气和透空气(例如透气性)或抗透水性。因此，提供透气和耐水片材是已知的。这种片材在活动户外应用中非常有用。例如，可用此类片材制造服装、户外用品、防护制品等的制品。然而，一些化学物质(如驱虫剂)的存在可导致片材的至少一些性能降级，如抗透水性水平。具体地讲，片材允许水渗透/通过的倾向由于片材上化学物质的存在增加。可将允许水渗透/通过的这种增加倾向称为浸湿。
发明内容
为了基本了解本发明的一些实例方面，以下提供本发明的简要概述。此概述不是本发明的广泛综述。另外，此概述不是要确定本发明的关键要素，也不描绘本发明的范围。此概述的唯一目的是以简化形式提供本发明的一些概念，作为以后提供更详细说明的前奏。
根据一个方面，本发明提供一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材。片材包括防水微孔聚合物基片和结合到聚合物基片的微孔热塑性涂层。热塑性涂层透蒸气，并且透空气。热塑性涂层至少部分结合入聚合物基片的孔，形成界面，所述界面在片材上存在会导致聚合物基片允许水微滴通过的化学物质时防止水微滴通过，同时允许水蒸气和空气通过。
根据一个方面，本发明提供一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材。片材包括防水微孔聚合物基片和结合到聚合物基片的微孔热塑性涂层。热塑性涂层透蒸气，并且透空气。热塑性涂层至少部分结合入聚合物基片的孔，形成抗化学干扰的至少具有片材的防水性质的界面。
附图说明
通过阅读以下说明并参考附图，本发明的前述和其他方面对本发明所涉及领域的技术人员将变得显而易见，其中：
图1为根据本发明的一个方面的实例防水、透水蒸气和透空气片材的示意边视图；
图2为具有和不具有样品化学攻击剂存在的样品的湿气渗透率关于时间的绘图；
图3为具有和不具有样品化学攻击剂存在的样品的透空气率关于时间的绘图；
图4为根据本发明的另一个方面的另一种实例防水、透蒸气和透空气片材的示意边视图。
具体实施方式
在附图中描述和说明结合本发明的一个或多个方面的实例实施方案。说明的这些实例不是对本发明的限制。例如，可在其他实施方案和甚至其他类型装置中利用本发明的一个或多个方面。另外，本文使用某些术语只是为了方便，不应认为是对本发明的限制。另外，在附图中，相同参考数字用于指定相同要素。
转向图1，图1显示根据本发明的一个方面的实例。具体地讲，实例显示一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材10。术语“片材”包括膜或薄膜。在所示实例中，片材包括防水多孔聚合物基片12和结合到聚合物基片的多孔热塑性涂层14。基片12和涂层14可被认为是片材10的组成部分，因此，提供透空气、透蒸气、防水且抗化学攻击剂促变的片材10。应理解，防水是指一般理解的在标准或环境条件对非蒸气水渗透的耐性。
注意多孔基片12，基片具有透空气、透蒸气和防水性质。基片的孔为微孔。在一些具体实例中，多孔基片12包含至少一种以下材料：含氟聚合物、磺化聚合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺和纤维素聚合物。用于多孔基片12的另一个具体实例为膨体聚四氟乙烯(ePTFE)或微孔膜。
注意涂层14，该层具有孔。具体地讲，孔为微孔。此多孔性提供透空气和透蒸气性质。由于其相对较小的孔径、基片材料相对于攻击剂表面张力的表面能和其间的接触，基片12抗化学攻击。涂层14也具有耐化学性。具体地讲，涂层14对导致片材10另外损失防水性质的一种或多种化学物质的作用具有耐性。涂层14为热塑性。例如，涂层14可以为热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)或共聚物基系统的热塑性弹性体(TPE)，这些共聚物基系统如聚醚-聚酯或聚醚-聚酰胺共聚物。值得提到的是，在图1内提供涂层14的一些正弦阴影。此阴影只是允许从基片12识别或区分，不表示切断。关于图1，一般应理解，片材的尺寸(即长度、宽度和厚度)可以变化，图中示意显示的代表图不用于尺寸、特性或性质限制。
根据本发明的一个方面，为了提供片材10的一个实例，加热涂层14，以至少部分熔融。在至少部分熔融态，涂层材料流入并填充基片12的孔。在图1中，通过参考数字12和14的加括号区域重叠，示意显示该部分流入基片12。
涂层材料只部分进入基片12。具体地讲，在实例中，涂层14只在基片12的相邻第一部分或区段16填充孔。此热流填充为基片12和涂层14粘合在一起做了准备。或者换句话讲，使涂层14热层压到基片12，同时保持基片12和涂层14的开孔结构。
在一个实例中，加热涂层14在一系列加热步骤进行。在一个具体实例中，加热包括在第一温度加热，然后在高于第一温度的第二温度加热，随后在高于第二温度的第三温度加热。多温度加热的一个具体实例包括在80-90℃的第一温度加热，然后在90-110℃的第二温度加热，随后在110-150℃的第三温度加热。
加热涂层14可通过不同方法进行。在一个实例中，加热与对片材加压结合进行。在一个具体实例中，通过使中间步骤片材10(即，已施加涂层14但未经加热的基片12)通过热压辊给予热和压力。如果将片材10制成为伸长卷材，使用加热辊的这种方法有用。可移动片材的伸长卷，以卷速度在加热辊之间通过，以便能够以经济方式制造大量片材。关于在一系列步骤提供加热的具体实例，可通过一系列加热辊并且各辊提供不同加热水平完成加热。当然，其他加热和加压形式，如非动态加热和加压，也被预期并且在本发明的范围内。
关于图1，基片12疏水，也透空气和透水蒸气。这些特性示意显示于图1中。如上提到，基片12的一种实例材料为微孔、膨体聚四氟乙烯。这种含氟聚合物具有三维格型结构，这种结构通过曲折路径产生许多微孔开口，这些开口限定的孔小得足以防止水微滴通过，然而也大得足以允许空气和蒸气通过。作为参考，一滴液体水比蒸气态水的大小大约1000倍。
在制备的片材10内提供防水、透水蒸气、透空气性质。防水性是与防止非蒸气水渗透片材的能力相关的一般了解的术语。透水蒸气性是允许水蒸气通过片材的能力。透空气性是允许空气通过片材的能力。湿气渗透率，也被称为MVTR，是水蒸气通过片材的量度，用克/米2/天表示。透空气率，用立方英尺/分钟表示，测定空气在跨样品预定水压降通过样品所需的时间。由于汗和体热通过薄膜，并且允许快速邻近身体移动，高MVTR和透空气率产生良好舒服度。
根据本发明的一个方面，即使化学物质另外使片材10的抗透水性降级，仍提供防水性、透水蒸气性、透空气性。可将化学物质认为是攻击剂。此攻击剂至少具有对至少一种合乎需要性质造成不利影响的可能性。在一个具体实例中，攻击剂至少具有不利影响防水性质的可能性。防水性损失与湿润和透水性相关。此时，可出现允许非蒸气或液体水通过的浸湿。因此，应了解，对化学物质的引用可以被理解为化学物质为这种攻击剂。对化学物质(攻击剂)降级的耐性由Mullen试验等级(ASTM D751)表示。
可导致片材10非蒸气水渗透耐性(即防水性)降级的一种广泛使用的实例化学物质(即，攻击剂)为N，N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺，也称为DEET。可导致降级的化学物质的其他实例包括发动机燃料(例如，航空，机动车，柴油机)和溶剂中存在的化学物质。另外也预期其他化学污染物，如各种酸。如上提到，由于其倾向于使合乎需要的材料性质降级，此类化学物质有时被称为攻击剂。当然，这些具体化学攻击剂不是对本发明的限制。如果在片材10上存在，此类化学物质会使基片12的微孔材料允许水微滴通过，但本发明的一个方面防止这种不需要的情况(即防水性损失)发生，并因此提供对此类化学物质的耐性。
DEET是驱虫剂中的一般活性成分，并具有较低表面张力，这可“污染”基片12和片材10，并允许液体水通过。由于片材10可用于户外应用，如手套、靴、帐蓬等，因此，片材10有利对由驱虫剂中所用化学攻击剂(如DEET)的防水性降级具有耐性。尽管存在此化学物质，但这种降级耐性允许片材10保持其防水、透蒸气和透空气性质。片材10也可用于片材可能接触发动机燃料(例如，柴油机燃料)的应用。另外，片材10有利对由化学攻击剂(例如，发动机燃料)的防水性降级具有耐性。
片材10可保持降级耐性，即使在暴露于攻击剂很多小时后(例如，多达160小时)。本发明的一些实例片材的数据显示于表1-3中。具体地讲，表1显示试验16小时时间的两个样品的数据，并提供对两种不同化学攻击剂(DEET和柴油机燃料)的MVTR(透水蒸气率)、透空气率和Mullen(对防水化学降级的耐性)的数据。
表1
材料 MVTR(g/m2/天)(JIS1099LB) 透空气率(cfm)(ASTMD737)   Mullen(ASTMD751)，在暴露于DEET(N，N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺)16小时后   维持低压水压试验，在1psi/10min(AATCC 127)，在16小时DEET(N，N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺)后 维持低压水压试验，在1psi/10min(AATCC 127)，在16小时柴油机燃料后
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第一样品 54,500 0.15 156 通过，没有渗漏 通过，没有渗漏
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第二可重复样品 36,413 0.097 156 通过，没有渗漏 通过，没有渗漏
表2提供耐用性指示。具体地讲，通过耐洗性数据提供耐用性指示。对于这些试验，表2显示没有渗漏发生。
表2
材料 耐洗性   2000个循环Gelbo Flex在25℃(ASTM F 392-93)，随后低压水压试验(AATCC 127)在1psi/10min
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第一样品  在200小时连续搅拌后没有脱层 通过，没有渗漏
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第二可重复样品  在200小时连续搅拌后没有脱层 通过，没有渗漏
表3显示对于最多300小时时间化学攻击剂DEET的方案的试验数据。图2为不具有和具有化学攻击剂DEET的样品的MVTR(透水蒸气率)的绘图。图3为不具有和具有化学攻击剂DEET的样品的透空气率的绘图。从数据了解，透水蒸气率和透空气率出现最小变化，尽管存在化学攻击剂。因此，可认为本发明有助于良好的舒服度。
表3
材料   MVTR(g/m2/天)(JIS1099L-B)   透空气率(cfm)(ASTMD737)   Mullen(ASTM D751)，在暴露于DEET(N，N-二乙基-间甲苯甲酰胺)16小时后 时间，小时
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第一样品 54,500 0.15 156 0
  55,000   0.15   143   10
  39,500   0.133   143   20
  41,477   0.123   154   100
  45,204   0.13   140   130
  37,265   0.14   147.68   160
  36,070   0.14   154   300
  ePTFE+聚氨酯的第二可重复样品 36,413 0.097 156 0
  34,554   0.11   154.55   20
  28,477   0.11   153   60
  28,349   0.08   140   160
另外，片材10确实提供涂层14进入基片12的部分穿入。可将此穿入认为是层重叠。此重叠表示两个组成层互穿、互相混合、互相迁移、渗透等，以提供粘合。此互穿等可有助于提供一些增强性能。一个实例是，保持片材10的水滴渗透总体耐性(即防水性)，尽管在片材上存在会导致片材10损失水滴渗透耐性的化学物质。这种保持水滴渗透总体耐性(即防水性)通过片材10内区段16的互穿等提供。
互穿等部分由于基片12的结构达到。回想基片12的一个具体实例为膨体聚四氟乙烯。膨体聚四氟乙烯的结构为包括由多根原纤互连的多个节的三维基质或格型结构。节和原纤的表面限定延伸通过基片12的多个互连孔。在此具体实例内，涂层14的材料穿入这些孔。另外，如前提到，互穿不必延伸基片12的整个厚度。
应了解，重叠也防止涂层14从基片12脱层。这种防止脱层提高片材10的耐用性。如关于表1提到，被洗200小时的片材10的样品不产生脱层。当然，不认为此试验洗涤时间和提到的不脱层是对本发明的限制。
最终片材10可具有小于100微米或0.1毫米的厚度。当然，此实例尺寸不必是对本发明的限制。此低厚度与轻重量增加片材10的舒适度。为了用于外用结构，如手套、靴、帐蓬等，片材10也可与其他织物层在两侧上结合。
片材10的实例用途包括但不限于手套、帽、外套、夹克、衬衫、裤、内衣、鞋、靴、防护服、各种其他服装制品、背包、睡袋、帐蓬、各种其他户外用品等。
关于包括人穿着物的用途，必须理解，在人出汗时，在皮肤上既产生水蒸气，也产生液汗。在此应用中，可设想涂层向着人处在最里层，而基片12远离人处于最外层。高MVTR和透空气率可使此水蒸气和液汗快速通过片材10。因此，这种片材对以上关于人穿着物品提到的用途实例非常有用。当然，本发明不限于这些用途，也可预期其他用途。
另外，可设想片材可包括附加层，并且/或者可使片材结合成多层片。这种加到片材和/或包括片材形成多层片的一些实例包括使用织造织物、非织造织物、针织织物和纱的至少一种材料。当然，可预期其他材料和/或织物。图4显示通过增加附加层20的加到片材的只一个实例。附加层显示与涂层相邻，然而，应了解，此附加层可位于别处。
现在已关于上述实例实施方案描述了本发明。通过阅读和理解本说明书，可想到很多修改和变化。结合本发明的一个或多个方面的实例实施方案旨在包括在附加权利要求范围内所有这些修改和变化。
部件清单
·10可透气片材
·10-片材(27)
·12-防水多孔聚合物基片
·12-基片(19)
·14多孔热塑性涂层
·14-涂层(15)
·16区段(2)
·20附加层
括号中的数字是数字/描述符出现的次数。对于参考数字的锯齿状副线显示参考数字的描述符的轻微变动。

Claims (15)

1.一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材(10)，所述片材(10)包括：
防水微孔聚合物基片(12)；
结合到聚合物基片(12)的微孔热塑性涂层(14)，所述热塑性涂层(14)透蒸气，并且透空气；并且
热塑性涂层(14)至少部分穿入(16)聚合物基片(12)的孔，形成界面，所述界面在片材上存在会导致聚合物基片允许水微滴通过的化学物质时防止水微滴通过，同时允许水蒸气和空气通过。
2.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中聚合物基片(12)为膨体聚四氟乙烯。
3.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中聚合物基片(12)包含至少一种含氟聚合物、磺化聚合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺和纤维素聚合物。
4.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)为聚氨酯。
5.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)为弹性体。
6.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中片材(10)包含至少一种织造织物、非织造织物、针织织物和纱(20)。
7.权利要求1的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)至少部分穿入聚合物基片(12)的孔通过热塑性涂层(14)热熔融提供。
8.权利要求7的片材(10)，其中热熔融包括在第一温度加热，然后在高于第一温度的第二温度加热，随后在高于第二温度的第三温度加热。
9.一种防水、透蒸气和透空气片材(10)，所述片材(10)包括：
防水微孔聚合物基片(12)；
结合到聚合物基片(12)的微孔热塑性涂层(14)，所述热塑性涂层(14)透蒸气，并且透空气；并且
热塑性涂层(14)至少部分穿入(16)聚合物基片(12)的孔，形成抗化学干扰的至少具有片材的防水性质的界面。
10.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中聚合物基片(12)为膨体聚四氟乙烯。
11.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中聚合物基片(12)包含至少一种含氟聚合物、磺化聚合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺和纤维素聚合物。
12.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)为聚氨酯。
13.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)为弹性体。
14.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中片材(10)包含至少一种织造织物、非织造织物、针织织物和纱(20)。
15.权利要求9的片材(10)，其中热塑性涂层(14)至少部分穿入聚合物基片(12)的孔通过热塑性涂层(14)热熔融提供，其中热熔融包括在第一温度加热，然后在高于第一温度的第二温度加热，随后在高于第二温度的第三温度加热。
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CN103862728A (zh) * 2014-03-20 2014-06-18 常州市泛亚微透科技有限公司 汽车电气电子设备用持续单向透湿的涂层膜及其制造方法
WO2015184665A1 (zh) * 2014-06-05 2015-12-10 常州市泛亚微透科技有限公司 大透湿量涂层膜
CN106030006A (zh) * 2014-02-18 2016-10-12 3M创新有限公司 易于施用的空气和水阻挡制品
CN107923176A (zh) * 2015-08-18 2018-04-17 3M创新有限公司 包括弹性多孔层的自密封制品
CN110927151A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-03-27 六安屹珹新材料科技有限公司 一种保质状态指示器及其制备方法
CN114716274A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-07-08 江苏明斯特智慧城市信息技术有限公司 一种好氧堆肥工艺用高强度生物隔离膜及其制备方法

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CN107923176A (zh) * 2015-08-18 2018-04-17 3M创新有限公司 包括弹性多孔层的自密封制品
CN110927151A (zh) * 2019-12-04 2020-03-27 六安屹珹新材料科技有限公司 一种保质状态指示器及其制备方法
CN114716274A (zh) * 2022-02-25 2022-07-08 江苏明斯特智慧城市信息技术有限公司 一种好氧堆肥工艺用高强度生物隔离膜及其制备方法

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