CN101856042B - Storage and fresh keeping method for white mushroom - Google Patents
Storage and fresh keeping method for white mushroom Download PDFInfo
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- CN101856042B CN101856042B CN2010101842634A CN201010184263A CN101856042B CN 101856042 B CN101856042 B CN 101856042B CN 2010101842634 A CN2010101842634 A CN 2010101842634A CN 201010184263 A CN201010184263 A CN 201010184263A CN 101856042 B CN101856042 B CN 101856042B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a storage and fresh keeping method for white mushroom, which belongs to the technical field of storage and fresh keeping of agricultural products. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) raw material preparation, (2) vacuum pre-cooling, and (3) reduced pressure storage and the like. The method quickly and effectively reduces the breathing intensity of the white mushroom, and delays the decomposition of nutrient components so that the primary white mushroom easy to produce brown stain, deterioration and cap opening is inhibited, the storage period of the white mushroom is prolonged to 12 to 15 days from the conventional 2 to 3 days, the shelf life is remarkably prolonged, and the method is simple, feasible and convenient for popularization. The method is suitable to be popularized and applied in major edible mushroom planters and sellers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the storage technique field of agricultural product, relate in particular to a kind of method for storing and refreshing of agaricus bisporus.
Background technology
Agaricus bisporus has another name called white mushroom, is to cultivate the widest, that output is maximum, consumption is the most general a kind of edible mushroom in the world.Agaricus bisporus is not only a kind of mushroom vegetables of top grade, and is the nutraceutical with excellent health functions.It is rich in protein and 8 kinds of essential amino acids, and wherein lysine content is abundant exceeds more than 2 times than mushroom.Agaricus bisporus belongs to high protein, low in calories, low fat food; It is the pollution-free food that is particularly suitable for the elderly and children; The multiple efficacies such as, anti-inflammatory moistening lung clearing heat and detoxicating, fitness, brain tonic except that having; Can also reduce cholesterol, prevent arterial sclerosis, high fat of blood and diabetic are had certain dietary function.Agaricus bisporus is high because of moisture, organizes tenderly, and the surface is the unprotect structure again, so its respiration and transpiration are all more violent, is subject to that infection process and mechanical damage are caused to rot.Promptly begin variable color, rotten, parachute-opening after agaricus bisporus is adopted under normal temperature condition in 2-3 days, very easily reduce its edible quality and commodity value.Wherein, agaricus bisporus surface and lamella become brown black brown stain process by leucismus is red to filbert at last, are considered to be the outstanding feature that agaricus bisporus commodity and freshness descend.At present, the main method that adopts chemistry such as sulfide suppresses the generation of double-spore mushroom browning on the market, but just there is hidden danger in sulfide in the food security aspect.So the preservation method that is necessary to seek a kind of physics effectively suppresses generation and significant prolongation its storage period of double-spore mushroom browning, to keep its higher commodity value.
Modern vacuum pre-cooling technology is that fresh agricultural product or food are placed in the special vacuum tank; Extract wherein air and steam rapidly out with vavuum pump or vacuum system; Make by the rapid evaporation under low pressure of the moisture in the precooling product, and then drive the rapid reduction of product temperature.Vacuum pre-cooling technology compare with other refrigeration technique have that precooling speed is fast, precooling temperature evenly, advantages such as good refreshing effect, easy to use and environmental protection.
Modern subatmospheric pressure storage technology is a kind of special fruit vegetables storing method that on the basis of refrigeration and air conditioned storage, grows up; Its principle is that fruits and vegetables are placed in the closed container; After extracting the part air out, fruits and vegetables are in constant low pressure, low temperature and the moistening fresh gas all the time.Because the advance of its principle and technology; Not only can create the storage environment of a kind of hypoxemia or ultralow oxygen for fruit and vegetable materials; And can also in time get rid of ethene that fruits and vegetables self metabolism produces, acetaldehyde, ethanol etc. to preserving disadvantageous pernicious gas, the preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing effect is significantly improved than simple refrigeration and air conditioned storage.Therefore, the decompression fresh-keeping storage technology can have been given play to more enormous function to the characteristic preserving fruit and vegetable utilizing aspect of perishable difficult storage, high added value.But above-mentioned vacuum pre-cooling technology and subatmospheric pressure storage technology are applied to separately in the preservation and freshness of fruits and vegetables often, and the research that The combined is used is seen seldom that also report is arranged; And, above-mentioned technology is applied to the storage of agaricus bisporus and suppresses its research that brown stain aspect takes place and do not see that as yet report is arranged with using.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to; Short only 2-3 days to existing agaricus bisporus storage period; Suppress the existing unsafe hidden danger of its brown stain with the employing chemical method; Provide a kind of simple and easy to do, can effectively suppress the brown stain of agaricus bisporus, rotten and parachute-opening, prolong the method for storing and refreshing of its storage & fresh-keeping period to 12-15 days agaricus bisporus.
The object of the invention realizes through following technical scheme.
A kind of method for storing and refreshing of agaricus bisporus, this method is carried out according to the following steps:
(1) raw material is prepared: the fresh agaricus bisporus of selecting to have no mechanical damage, do not have disease and pest is raw material, and is subsequent use;
(2) vacuum pre-cooling: with step (1) agaricus bisporus raw material by 5-10kg/ basket dress basket, to put into vacuum pre-cooling indoor; To be sprayed to the surface of agaricus bisporus by the moisture of mushroom raw material weight 3-6% with watering can, and after temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, close chamber's door, under the vacuum of 300-600Pa, through 15-30 minute with agaricus bisporus temperature fast precooling to 4-8 ℃;
(3) subatmospheric pressure storage: the agaricus bisporus of step (2) is placed on 3-5 ℃, storage in the 30-50KPa, the decompression freezer of relative humidity 85-95%; CO in the decompression freezer
2Concentration reaches at 15% o'clock, takes a breath outside beginning and the storehouse, and regulates CO in the storehouse
2Concentration remains on below 15%, finishes until storage period 12-15 days.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the principle of vacuum pre-cooling is under low pressure to absorb heat through moisture to evaporate the purpose that reaches fast cooling; If not extra interpolation moisture; Then evaporating the moisture that is consumed just must be supplied with by the Free water of agaricus bisporus itself; Thereby cause the loss of the moisture of agaricus bisporus own, and destroy its netted eucaryotic cell structure.The present invention has added moisture by mushroom weight 3-6% in the vacuum pre-cooling process after, both avoided agaricus bisporus, and exempted again because of eucaryotic cell structure and destroyed the browning phenomenon that occurs because of wilting, parachute-opening iso-metamorphism that dehydration produces.
2, after the present invention adopts vacuum pre-cooling; Can be in 15-30 minute (the precooling required time prolongs with the increase of example weight and the reduction of precooling temperature); Temperature is reduced to 4-8 ℃ (conventional forecooling method then needs 3-4 hour) for about 25 ℃ fast when being about to agaricus bisporus (5-10kg/ basket) by harvesting; Thereby effectively reduce the respiratory intensity of agaricus bisporus, also delayed the decomposition (see figure 1) of nutritional labeling;
3, the present invention is in the subatmospheric pressure storage process, for avoiding the injury of agaricus bisporus generation carbon dioxide, CO in decompression storeroom
2Concentration rises at 15% o'clock, promptly gas in the storehouse and ambient atmos is exchanged, and in time reduces the CO in the storehouse
2Concentration has been avoided in the conventional subatmospheric pressure storage because of CO
2The generation of the brown stain that accumulation is caused.
4, the present invention has adopted the method that vacuum pre-cooling combines with subatmospheric pressure storage, and the former has reduced the respiratory intensity of agaricus bisporus fast, has delayed the decomposition of nutritional labeling; The latter has suppressed the active of polyphenol oxidase in the agaricus bisporus and has regulated the injury of having avoided carbon dioxide; Thereby effectively suppressed agaricus bisporus the easiest generation brown stain in the routine storage a difficult problem (see Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4); Make storage period extend to 12-15 days, promoted the commodity value of agaricus bisporus greatly by in the past 2-3 days;
5, the present invention is simple and easy to do, is convenient to promote, and suits in agaricus bisporus large plantation family and trafficking rich and influential family, to apply.
Description of drawings
The different precooling temperatures of Fig. 1 are to the column sketch map of agaricus bisporus respiratory intensity influence
The different freezer storages of Fig. 2 are to the curve synoptic diagram of agaricus bisporus respiratory intensity influence
The different freezer storages of Fig. 3 are to the curve synoptic diagram of agaricus bisporus soluble solid content influence
The different freezer storages of Fig. 4 are to the curve synoptic diagram of agaricus bisporus polyphenol oxidase activity influence
Wherein, Fig. 4 is again a Figure of abstract.
The specific embodiment
By following examples and Test Example and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited by these contents.
Explanation to following examples, the related material of Test Example, method:
1, test material:
Used agaricus bisporus is plucked from Hangzhou, is transported to the laboratory in 2 hours;
Fruits and vegetables vacuum pre-cooling machine: ZLG0.1 type, Shanghai Shanru Water Preservation Science Co., Ltd;
Hypobaric and refrigerated preservation storehouse: JYL2 type, Shanghai Shanru Water Preservation Science Co., Ltd;
2, method of testing:
Respiratory intensity is measured: adopt the NaOH titration;
Ascorbic acid content is measured: measure according to GB/T 5009.86-2003;
Soluble solid content is measured: adopt the abbe's refractometer method;
Polyphenol oxidase activity is measured: in test tube, add 5mL0.1mol.L
-1, pH7.0 phosphate buffer, 0.5mL0.1mol.L
-1Catechol solution and 0.5mL enzyme liquid (extract) fully mix, and under 420nm, measure its light absorption value, increase by 0.001 with the per minute optical density and are defined as enzyme unit alive.
Embodiment 1: (agaricus bisporus method for storing and refreshing 1)
Carry out as follows:
(1) raw material is prepared: the fresh agaricus bisporus of selecting to have no mechanical damage, do not have disease and pest is raw material, and is subsequent use;
(2) vacuum pre-cooling: with step (1) agaricus bisporus raw material by 5kg/ basket dress basket, to put into vacuum pre-cooling indoor; To be sprayed on the surface of agaricus bisporus by the moisture of mushroom raw material weight 3% with watering can, and after temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, close chamber's door, under the vacuum of 300Pa, through 15 minutes with agaricus bisporus temperature fast precooling to 4 ℃;
(3) subatmospheric pressure storage: the agaricus bisporus behind step (2) vacuum pre-cooling is placed on 3 ℃, storage in the 30KPa, the decompression freezer of relative humidity 95%; CO in the decompression freezer
2Concentration reaches at 15% o'clock, takes a breath outside beginning and the storehouse, and transfers CO in the storehouse
2Concentration remains on below 15%, finishes until 15 days storage periods.
Embodiment 2: (method for storing and refreshing 2 of agaricus bisporus)
Carry out as follows:
(1) raw material is prepared: with embodiment 1;
(2) vacuum pre-cooling: with step (1) agaricus bisporus raw material by 8kg/ basket dress basket, to put into vacuum pre-cooling indoor; To be sprayed on the surface of agaricus bisporus by the moisture of mushroom raw material weight 5% with watering can, and after temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, close chamber's door, under the vacuum of 450Pa, through 23 minutes with agaricus bisporus temperature fast precooling to 6 ℃;
(3) subatmospheric pressure storage: the agaricus bisporus behind step (2) vacuum pre-cooling is placed on 4 ℃, storage in the 40KPa, the decompression freezer of relative humidity 90%; CO in the decompression freezer
2Concentration reaches at 15% o'clock, takes a breath outside beginning and the storehouse, and transfers CO in the storehouse
2Concentration remains on below 15%, finishes until 13 days storage periods.
Embodiment 3: (method for storing and refreshing 3 of agaricus bisporus)
Carry out as follows:
(1) raw material is prepared: with embodiment 1;
(2) vacuum pre-cooling: with step (1) agaricus bisporus raw material by 10kg/ basket dress basket, to put into vacuum pre-cooling indoor; To be sprayed on the surface of agaricus bisporus by the moisture of mushroom raw material weight 6% with watering can, and after temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, close chamber's door, under the vacuum of 600Pa, through 30 minutes with agaricus bisporus temperature fast precooling to 8 ℃;
(3) subatmospheric pressure storage: the agaricus bisporus behind step (2) vacuum pre-cooling is placed on 5 ℃, storage in the 50KPa, the decompression freezer of relative humidity 85%; CO in the decompression freezer
2Concentration reaches at 15% o'clock, takes a breath outside beginning and the storehouse, and transfers CO in the storehouse
2Concentration remains on below 15%, finishes until 12 days storage periods.
Test Example 1: (different precooling temperatures are to the influence of agaricus bisporus respiratory intensity)
Content of the test: it is indoor that the whole basket of agaricus bisporus is put into vacuum pre-cooling, with watering can the moisture of agaricus bisporus weight 5% is sprayed at its surface, then temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, again with the agaricus bisporus temperature by plucking temperature precooling to 4 respectively, 6 and 8 ℃.
Processing is divided into: with agaricus bisporus by plucking temperature vacuum pre-cooling to 4,6,8 ℃ respectively.
Can be known that by Fig. 1 vacuum pre-cooling can effectively reduce the respiratory intensity of agaricus bisporus, the low more then respiratory intensity of precooling temperature is more little; Be that precooling temperature is that 4 ℃ of respiratory intensities are minimum; But when precooling temperature is lower than 4 ℃, because within a short period of time, the temperature range of decrease was excessive, freeze injury appears easily.
Test Example 2: (subatmospheric pressure storage is to the influence of respiratory intensity, ascorbic acid content and polyphenol oxidase activity)
Content of the test: it is indoor that the whole basket of agaricus bisporus is put into vacuum pre-cooling, with watering can the moisture of agaricus bisporus weight 3% is sprayed at its surface, then temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, again with the agaricus bisporus temperature by plucking temperature precooling to 4 ℃; Then be stored in 3 ℃ of temperature respectively, 3 ℃ of the common freezer of relative humidity 95% and temperature, pressure 30KPa is in the decompression freezer of relative humidity 95%.
Can know that by Fig. 2 decompression freezer and common freezer have significant difference to the influence of preserving agaricus bisporus respiratory intensity in it, show that the storage of decompression freezer can delay the rising of agaricus bisporus respiratory intensity preferably.
Visible by Fig. 3; In storage; The soluble solid content of decompression freezer storage agaricus bisporus remains at higher level, and the soluble solid content of common freezer storage agaricus bisporus is lower, shows that the storage of decompression freezer can effectively delay the forfeiture of agaricus bisporus nutritional labeling.
Can know by Fig. 4; In storage, the polyphenol oxidase activity of decompression freezer storage agaricus bisporus remains on lower level, thereby has reduced the occurrence probability of brown stain; And the agaricus bisporus polyphenol oxidase activity of common freezer storage has remained higher level, and brown stain has taken place.
Claims (1)
1. the method for storing and refreshing of an agaricus bisporus is characterized in that this method carries out according to the following steps:
(1) raw material is prepared: the fresh agaricus bisporus of selecting to have no mechanical damage, do not have disease and pest is raw material, and is subsequent use;
(2) vacuum pre-cooling: with step (1) agaricus bisporus raw material by 5-10kg/ basket dress basket, to put into vacuum pre-cooling indoor; To be sprayed to the surface of agaricus bisporus by the moisture of mushroom raw material weight 3-6% with watering can, and after temp probe is placed on the middle part of basket, close chamber's door, under the vacuum of 300-600Pa, through 15-30 minute with agaricus bisporus temperature fast precooling to 4-8 ℃;
(3) subatmospheric pressure storage: the agaricus bisporus of step (2) is placed on 3-5 ℃, storage in the 30-50KPa, the decompression freezer of relative humidity 85-95%; CO in the decompression freezer
2Concentration reaches at 15% o'clock, takes a breath outside beginning and the storehouse, and regulates CO in the storehouse
2Concentration remains on below 15%, finishes until storage period 12-15 days.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102334536B (en) * | 2011-09-09 | 2013-03-13 | 浙江省农业科学院 | Storage and preservation method for wild rice shoots |
| CN103202329A (en) * | 2012-10-30 | 2013-07-17 | 中国人民解放军总后勤部军需装备研究所 | Fresh-cut vegetable hypobaric storage refreshing chain method |
| CN103004961B (en) * | 2012-12-06 | 2014-02-05 | 安徽省岳西县高山果菜有限责任公司 | Method for pre-cooling preserving high-mountain wild rice shoots by two steps |
| CN103843878A (en) * | 2014-03-07 | 2014-06-11 | 云南云菌科技（集团）有限公司 | Method and equipment for pressure-reduction freshness-retaining storage of wild edible mushrooms |
| CN104146056B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-05-25 | 陆良爨乡绿圆菇业有限公司 | A kind of pleurotus eryngii fresh-keeping and preserving method |
| CN104522158B (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2017-12-15 | 天津市蓟县中亿建良食用菌种植专业合作社 | A kind of preservation method of Pleurotus nebrodensis |
| CN108835232A (en) * | 2018-06-26 | 2018-11-20 | 江苏裕灌现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of vacuum cooled preservation method of agaricus bisporus |
| CN112369463A (en) * | 2020-11-13 | 2021-02-19 | 中国热带农业科学院热带作物品种资源研究所 | Decompression storage method for cassava root tubers |
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| CN101011178A (en) * | 2007-01-26 | 2007-08-08 | 山东理工大学 | Gas-conditioning fresh-keeping method for double spore mushroom |
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