CN101846699A - Electrical parameter measuring device, system and method - Google Patents
Electrical parameter measuring device, system and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses electrical parameter measuring device, system and method. The device comprises an electromagnetic inductive circuit, an inductive signal processing unit and a positioning unit, wherein the electromagnetic inductive circuit comprises a conductor which is used for acquiring an inductive electrical parameter simulation signal corresponding to the magnetic flux change of a circuit to be measured; the positioning unit is used for determining the distance between the conductor and the circuit to be measured; and the inductive signal processing unit is used for processing the inductive electrical parameter simulation signal output by the electromagnetic inductive circuit. The surrounding magnetic flux change can be caused by the changes of the amplitude and the direction of the voltage or the current; if the conductor is positioned at a certain position around the circuit to be measured, the conductor couples induced electromotive force corresponding to the changes of the amplitude and the direction of alternating current in the circuit to be measured and further electrical parameters of the circuit to be measured can be obtained, that is to say, the device can acquire the electrical parameters of the circuit to be measured without accessing the circuit to be measured, and therefore, a series of problems caused by the existing contact pressure difference can be solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of electronic equipment, more particularly, relate to electrical parameter measuring device, system and method.
Background technology
A lot of technical fields all need to use electrical parameter measuring device that alternating current is carried out electrical quantity (mainly comprising voltage and current) measurement/metering.Electrical parameter measuring device generally comprises electrical quantity collecting unit and signal processing unit.When circuit-under-test being carried out electric parameter measurement/metering, electrical parameter measuring device need be inserted in this circuit-under-test, by electrical quantity collecting unit direct (non-induction type) electrical quantity signal (may also may be digital signal for simulating signal)/data are gathered and exported to the electrical quantity of circuit-under-test, signal processing unit becomes to meet the signal/data of certain needs again and exports with above-mentioned electrical quantity signal/data processing.
With the electric system is example, and the electric resistance partial pressure sensor is the voltage measuring apparatus that electric system is often used.In measurement/metering process, need be with electric resistance partial pressure sensor incoming transport transmission line of electricity (also being circuit-under-test), directly get the low-voltage of being divided on last (one group) resistance of a string resistance output voltage, and the voltage of circuit-under-test is measured/measured according to this output voltage as primary side.Yet, owing to directly be connected on the circuit-under-test, though the output voltage of electric resistance partial pressure sensor primary side is a low-voltage, but do not isolate with high pressure is real, so will there be contact pressure reduction between high-tension measurement point and benchmark ground, contact pressure reduction has formed electric current in resistance, and and then cause resistance heating, cause the temperature of resistance to float, thereby the accuracy of measurement/metering is impacted.Also promptly, the metering system that directly contacts circuit-under-test has caused the insulation breakdown between sensor and circuit-under-test, thereby influences its measuring accuracy.And when the circuit to sensor designs, also need to consider to reduce the negative effect that the direct way of contact brings how as far as possible, thus the difficulty and the complicacy of its circuit design increased, and the circuit complexity can influence its measuring accuracy conversely.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, embodiment of the invention purpose is to provide a kind of electrical parameter measuring device, system and method, to solve in the existing measurement/measurement technology because of directly contacting a series of problems that circuit-under-test causes.
To achieve these goals, the embodiment of the invention provides following scheme:
A kind of electrical parameter measuring device comprises electromagnetic induction circuit, inductive signal processing unit and positioning unit;
Described electromagnetic induction circuit comprises conductor and at least one output terminal;
Described conductor is used to obtain and the corresponding induced electricity parameter simulation of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test signal, and described induced electricity parameter simulation signal comprises a kind of in induced electromotive force signal and the sensor current signal at least;
Described positioning unit is used for the distance between definite described conductor and the circuit-under-test;
Described inductive signal processing unit is used for the induced electricity parameter simulation signal of described electromagnetic induction circuit output is handled.
A kind of electric parameter measurement system comprises above-mentioned electrical parameter measuring device and the processing unit that the signal or the data of described electrical parameter measuring device output are handled;
Described signal comprises that at least a kind of in induced electricity parameter simulation signal and the temperature analog signal, described data comprise a kind of in induced electricity supplemental characteristic and the temperature data at least.
A kind of electric parameter measurement method based on electrical parameter measuring device, described electrical parameter measuring device comprises the electromagnetic induction circuit, and described electromagnetic induction circuit comprises conductor, and described method comprises:
Described conductor is positioned;
Utilize conductor to obtain and the corresponding induced electricity parameter simulation of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test signal, described induced electricity parameter simulation signal comprises induction electromotive force and/or induction current;
Described induced electricity parameter simulation signal is handled.
From above-mentioned technical scheme as can be seen, alternating current is generally periodically variable voltage of size and Orientation intercropping at any time or electric current, and the variation of the size and Orientation of voltage or electric current can cause the variation of its surrounding magnetic field magnetic flux, when being positioned around the transmission line of alternation current a certain position as conductor with the electromagnetic induction circuit, conductor will be coupled out with the alternating current size and Orientation and change corresponding induction electromotive force, when the electromagnetic induction circuit is closed circuit, also will produce induction current, also be that the induced electricity parameter that comprised of induced electricity parameter simulation signal is corresponding with the electrical quantity of circuit-under-test, can draw the electrical quantity of circuit-under-test according to the induced electricity parameter.Because electrical parameter measuring device need not directly insert circuit-under-test, also just stopped because circuit inserts the insulation breakdown that causes and the increase of circuit design difficulty and complicacy, and then influenced the appearance of the problem of measuring accuracy.
Description of drawings
In order to be illustrated more clearly in the embodiment of the invention or technical scheme of the prior art, to do to introduce simply to the accompanying drawing of required use in embodiment or the description of the Prior Art below, apparently, accompanying drawing in describing below only is some embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skills, under the prerequisite of not paying creative work, can also obtain other accompanying drawing according to these accompanying drawings.
The electrical parameter measuring device structural representation that Fig. 1 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The electromagnetic induction electrical block diagram that Fig. 2 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
Another structural representation of electrical parameter measuring device that Fig. 3 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The filter circuit construction synoptic diagram that Fig. 4 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The one-level amplification circuit structure synoptic diagram that Fig. 5 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The second amplifying circuit structural representation that Fig. 6 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The another structural representation of electrical parameter measuring device that Fig. 7 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The phase-shift circuit structural representation that Fig. 8 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The another structural representation of electrical parameter measuring device that Fig. 9 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The data processing unit structural representation that Figure 10 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The another structural representation of electrical parameter measuring device that Figure 11 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The temperature induction unit structural representation that Figure 12 provides for the embodiment of the invention;
The another structural representation of electrical parameter measuring device that Figure 13 provides for the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For quote and know for the purpose of, hereinafter the technical term of Shi Yonging, write a Chinese character in simplified form or abridge and be summarized as follows:
SPI, Serial Peripheral Interface, Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI);
DSP, Digital Signal Processing, data processing.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention is clearly and completely described, obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that is obtained under the creative work prerequisite.
A lot of technical fields all need to use electrical parameter measuring device that alternating current is carried out electrical quantity (mainly comprising voltage and current) measurement/metering.With the electric system is that example is (in the following narration of this instructions, as there is not a Special Statement, to be that application scenarios is set forth technical scheme of the present invention electric system is measured/measured), can use electronic voltage transducer to be realized to the voltage measurement of alternation electricity.Electronic voltage transducer mainly contains two kinds of electric resistance partial pressure type and capacitance-voltage-distributing types.When measurement/metering, need the electric resistance partial pressure type sensor is inserted circuit-under-test, directly get the low-voltage of being divided on last (one group) resistance of a string resistance output voltage as primary side.Capacitance partial pressure also is identical reason.Although the output voltage of electronic voltage transducer primary side is a low-voltage, but do not isolate with high pressure is real, so between high-tension measurement point and benchmark ground, will there be contact pressure reduction, the contact pressure reduction in resistance, formed electric current, and and then cause resistance heating, cause the temperature of resistance to float, thereby the accuracy to measurement/metering impacts, in addition, if electric current is excessive, even also may cause device to damage.Also promptly, the metering system that directly contacts circuit-under-test has caused the insulation breakdown between sensor and circuit-under-test, thereby influences its measuring accuracy.And when the circuit to sensor designs, also need to consider to reduce the negative effect that the direct way of contact brings how as far as possible, thus the difficulty and the complicacy of its circuit design increased, and the circuit complexity can influence its measuring accuracy conversely.
In view of this, the embodiment of the invention provides a kind of electrical parameter measuring device, to solve in the existing measurement/measurement technology because of directly contacting a series of problems that circuit-under-test causes.
Fig. 1 shows a kind of structure of above-mentioned electrical parameter measuring device (also can be called electromagnetic signal induction processor), comprises electromagnetic induction circuit 1, inductive signal processing unit 2 and positioning unit 3, wherein:
Inductive signal processing unit 2 is used for the induced electricity parameter simulation signal of described electromagnetic induction circuit output is handled.
Known, alternating current is generally periodically variable voltage of size and Orientation intercropping at any time or electric current, and the variation of the size and Orientation of voltage or electric current can cause the variation of its surrounding magnetic field magnetic flux, place near the alternating current as conductor electromagnetic induction circuit 1, conductor will be coupled out with the alternating current size and Orientation and change corresponding induction electromotive force, when electromagnetic induction circuit 1 is closed circuit, also will produce induction current, also be that the induced electricity parameter that comprised of induced electricity parameter simulation signal is corresponding with the electrical quantity of circuit-under-test, can draw the electrical quantity of circuit-under-test according to the induced electricity parameter.
In electric system, the frequency of the alternating current in the transmission line of alternation current and voltage are generally more stable, with 110KV is example, on the position of distance 110KV AC power line 5cm, the absolute value of its electric field intensity and magnetic field intensity is all fixed, thereby the absolute value of the rate of change of magnetic flux is also fixed on this position, then places the absolute value of the peak value (or effective value) of the induction electromotive force that this locational conductor produces because of magnetic flux change also to fix, and itself and 110KV are linear.Suppose that the transmission line of alternation current carries for standard 110KV alternating current the time, the effective value of the electromotive force that electromagnetic induction circuit 1 induces (the also voltage of promptly exporting) is M, then when alternating current was 110KV * 0.3%, the effective value of the voltage of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 output also was M * 0.3%.In like manner, be on the position of L in distance transmission line of electricity distance, the effective value and the ratio between the M of the voltage of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 output also are fixed value.Determined in the electromagnetic induction circuit 1 can to calculate the voltage of alternating current according to above-mentioned corresponding relation after the distance between the conductor and transmission line of electricity using positioning unit 3.Because electrical parameter measuring device need not directly insert circuit-under-test, also just stopped because circuit inserts the insulation breakdown that causes and the increase of circuit design difficulty and complicacy, and then influenced the appearance of the problem of measuring accuracy.
Above-mentioned conductor can be resistance, electric capacity or inductance, as long as guarantee that conductor can produce induction electromotive force when magnetic flux changes, does not give unnecessary details at this.
For the capacitance-voltage-distributing type sensor because the withstand voltage level of electric capacity is limited, this make the capacitive divided voltage mutual inductor for element require highly, technology also requires highly simultaneously, therefore has problems such as rejection rate height in process of production.In addition, electric resistance partial pressure type sensor and capacitance-voltage-distributing type sensor are all owing to the problem of starting material self can't be applied in the above electric system of 110kV.Then there are not the problems referred to above in the sensor that the embodiment of the invention provided, even because with in the electric system of sensor application provided by the present invention more than 110kV, because of it directly is not connected with high-voltage signal, therefore relatively low to the requirement of withstand voltage of components and parts, it is also relatively low in technologic requirement.And the preceding conductor of having addressed in the electromagnetic induction circuit can be resistance, electric capacity or inductance, and those skilled in the art can select and design according to actual needs flexibly, thereby has further reduced the limitation that its technology realizes.
In another embodiment of the present invention, referring to Fig. 2, above-mentioned electromagnetic induction circuit comprises inductance L, capacitor C, resistance R, output line L1 and ground wire L2.Wherein, ground wire L2 one end ground connection, the other end is connected with an end of inductance L after inserting capacitor C and resistance R, and the other end of inductance L is connected with output line L1.In the time of near placing circuit-under-test, inductance L can be coupled out and the corresponding induction electromotive force of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test.And by choosing suitable inductance L, capacitor C, resistance R, can make the equiva lent impedance of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 under characteristic frequency present pure resistive (also being that in fact electromagnetic induction circuit 1 is equivalent to noninductive electric capacity), with to greatest extent with circuit-under-test in the phase place of alternating current be consistent.
In actual use, inductance L preparation method is as follows: choose the about 1.2mm of diameter, heatproof at the copper paint envelope curve more than 180 ℃, it is wrapped in according to certain orientation (spacing between each coil is consistent on the rubber mass ring skeleton, coil turn and length are certain) to prepare telefault, then telefault is installed on the element apart from the AC power line certain distance, element can be equipment such as present common insulator, wall bushing, separable connector.At this moment, above-mentioned positioning unit specifically can be telefault is fixed in connecting portion on the said elements, insulator, wall bushing, separable connector etc. are changeless with the distance of AC power line, telefault is mounted thereon, then can measures the voltage of alternating current according to aforesaid corresponding relation.Output line L1 and ground wire L2 can select the signal wire that has screen layer for use, and screen layer needs leading-out wire and join with the ground wire of above-mentioned insulator cap, to shield other electromagnetic interference (EMI).Certainly, very near in the distance transmission line of alternation current so that under the less negligible situation of outside electromagnetic interference (such as the co-channel interference of other cross streams electricity), perhaps under the low situation of accuracy requirement, also can reduce the complexity of hardware design and/or software design accordingly.
In the present embodiment, the induction electromotive force of inductance L generation
Wherein, n represents the number of turn of coil,
The expression variation rate of magnetic flux.
At present, in electric system, voltage measurement adopts electromagnetic transformer to be realized usually.Its principle of work of induction voltage transformer (VT) is identical with transformer, and its basic structure comprises iron core primary winding (first side winding) and auxiliary winding (secondary side winding).When measuring, need be with primary winding incoming transport transmission line of electricity (also being circuit-under-test), promptly there is alternating current to flow in the primary winding, and generation excitation effect, in iron core, produce the magnetic flux of alternation, this alternating flux is not only passed first side winding, also pass simultaneously secondary side winding, make secondary side winding produce induction electromotive force, just output voltage when secondary side winding connects load, and the voltage in this output voltage and the primary winding (being the voltage of transmission line of alternation current) is linear, therefore by measuring the output voltage of secondary side winding, according to this linear relationship, can draw the alternating voltage of transmission line of alternation current again.And in theory, the output voltage of secondary side winding and the product of its output current equal the product of voltage and electric current in the first side winding, and promptly the output electric energy of first side winding equals the output electric energy of secondary side winding.Because electromagnetic transformer need use iron core, and the iron core magnetic conduction can produce the magnetic saturation phenomenon, therefore general electromagnetic transformer is the very high voltage of energy measurement not.As producing the electromagnetic transformer that satisfies high-tension measurement, then need to use a large amount of non-ferrous metals, its price is also very expensive, and the electromagnetic transformer volume that produces will be quite huge also.In addition, electromagnetic transformer if second short circuit takes place, will produce big electric current in measuring process, and then can cause the mutual inductor damage and even burn, even also may cause bigger electric power accident.And the electrical parameter measuring device in the embodiment of the invention need not to use iron core, there is not the magnetic saturation phenomenon, compares, have advantages such as measurement range is big, volume is little, in light weight with the mutual inductance of traditional electrical magnetic-type, can be suitable for the voltage measurement in various electric pressures, particularly high pressure and the UHV (ultra-high voltage) field.
In addition, the electromagnetic induction circuit in the present embodiment also has characteristics simple in structure, flexible for installation, can conveniently be applied in the various circuit and is not subjected to environmental restraint, therefore outdoor indoorly all can conveniently install.And because the electromagnetic induction circuit equivalent is noninductive electric capacity, himself loss is minimum, but has guaranteed its long-play like this.
It should be noted that, in the present embodiment, the electromagnetic induction circuit is open circuit, and induced electricity parameter simulation signal is only exported (being single way of output) by output line L1 to inductive signal processing unit, and what this moment, the electromagnetic induction circuit was exported only is induced electromotive force signal.In other embodiments of the invention, also ground wire L2 can be connected with inductive signal processing unit as another output line, this moment, the electromagnetic induction circuit was a closed circuit, the signal of output is a sensor current signal.And following all embodiment will be that example is set forth technical scheme of the present invention with electromagnetic induction circuit output induction electromotive force simulating signal.
Consider by the intensity of the induced electricity parameter simulation signal of electromagnetic induction circuit output a little less than, and there is a higher hamonic wave composition, referring to Fig. 3, in another embodiment of the present invention, inductive signal processing unit among above-mentioned all embodiment can comprise analogy signal processing unit, and analogy signal processing unit then comprises amplifying circuit 4 and the filtering circuit 5 that is connected.Wherein, amplifying circuit 4 comprises one-level amplifying circuit and second amplifying circuit (not shown among Fig. 3), and the input end of filtering circuit 5 is connected with the output terminal of electromagnetic induction circuit 1.Certainly, in other embodiments of the invention, also can be that the input end of one-level amplifying circuit is connected with the output terminal of electromagnetic induction circuit 1, do not repeat them here.
But the higher hamonic wave that above-mentioned filtering circuit 5 filtering predetermined thresholds are above, for example, when predetermined threshold was 1000 hertz (Hz), filtering circuit 5 can be used for the above harmonic components (also being the 20 subharmonic compositions of power frequency-50Hz) of 1000Hz in the filtering induced electricity parameter simulation signal.
Fig. 4 shows the most basic a kind of filtering circuit, and this circuit is made up of the resistance R A1 that is connected in parallel, capacitor C A1 and connecting line, and induced electricity parameter simulation signal is exported from capacitor C A1 side from the input of resistance R A1 side.Electric capacity has the characteristic of the interchange of transmitting, isolated DC, and therefore, capacitor C A1 can carry out filtering to the flip-flop in the induced electricity parameter simulation signal, and can carry out the phase place adjustment to induced electricity parameter simulation signal.
Except filtering circuit shown in Figure 4, those skilled in the art also can use other existing filtering circuits and carry out High frequency filter, do not give unnecessary details at this.
As for amplifying circuit 4, the one-level amplifying circuit is mainly used in induced electricity parameter simulation signal is carried out the voltage/current processing and amplifying, makes its amplitude enter certain scope interval, to satisfy the requirement that the back level is handled.Induced electricity parameter simulation signal through after the one-level amplification enters second amplifying circuit.Second amplifying circuit mainly is that induced electricity parameter simulation signal is carried out power amplification, to satisfy the requirement of load, guarantee the correct output of signal, second amplifying circuit is main amplifier stage, and the induced electricity parameter simulation voltage of signals amplitude of its output is between 0-100V.Certainly output voltage range can meet the demands by changing the secondary power amplifier according to the requirement of load.
For improving performance, above-mentioned one-level amplifying circuit and/or second amplifying circuit can be introduced negative feedback network, and to stablize the working point of amplifying circuit, in addition, the introducing of negative feedback network also can increase the constancy of gain amplifier, reduce nonlinear distortion, suppress noise etc.
When specific implementation, the one-level amplifying circuit can be common emitter amplifying circuit or the common-collector circuit that is made of triode, also can be common-source circuits or the common drain circuit that constitutes by field effect transistor, certainly, also can cooperate the function that realizes the one-level amplifying circuit with other devices by integrated circuit operational amplifier.Fig. 5 shows a kind of structure of above-mentioned one-level amplifying circuit, comprises integrated circuit operational amplifier A1, resistance R A2, RA3 and RA4, and wherein, resistance R A2 is connected with the positive input terminal of A1; Resistance R A3 one end is connected with the negative input end of A1, other end ground connection; Resistance R A4 one end is connected with the output terminal of A1, and its other end is connected with the negative input end of A1, and RA3 and RA4 form negative feedback network.
In this amplifying circuit, the pass between output voltage V o and input voltage Vi is:
Therefore, suitably regulate resistance R A3 and RA4, the amplitude of may command output voltage V o.
In like manner, second amplifying circuit also can be made of triode, field effect transistor or integrated circuit operational amplifier.Fig. 6 shows a kind of structure of second amplifying circuit, comprises integrated circuit operational amplifier A2, resistance R A5, RA6 and digital regulation resistance 6.Wherein, resistance R A5, RA6 and digital regulation resistance 6 are formed negative feedback network.
Digital regulation resistance is also referred to as digital potentiometer, is a kind of device that can be changed by its resistance of SPI instruction control.In the present embodiment, the model of digital regulation resistance 6 is AD5160, and range is 5.6K ohm, is divided into 256 parts, and every part of corresponding resistance value is 20 ohm.1,8 pin are connected with the end of resistance R A6 respectively, and 2 pin connect positive voltage (5V), 3 pin ground connection, and 4 pin connect clock (CLK), and 5 pin are used to receive SPI instruction (the clock negative edge is effective), and 6 pin are used to receive chip selection signal (low level is effective), and 7 pin are unsettled.
When work, digital regulation resistance 6 can change its resistance according to the SPI instruction that receives, and then changes the power amplification gain of second amplifying circuit.
In like manner, RA3 or RA4 in the one-level amplifying circuit shown in Figure 5 also can be digital regulation resistance, change its resistance instructing according to SPI, thereby reach the purpose that one-level amplifying circuit gain amplifier is controlled.
The capacitive device that exists in the characteristic of sensing coil itself and the analog processing circuit all can cause the phase place of induced electricity parameter simulation signal to be offset, and the phase place of alternating current will produce phase differential in itself and the circuit-under-test like this.For this reason, as shown in Figure 7, analogy signal processing unit among above-mentioned all embodiment can comprise that also phase-shift circuit 6 corrects induced electricity parameter simulation signal is carried out phase place, makes its phase place consistent with the phase place of alternating current, thus the consistance of assurance phase angle and phase place zero point.Phase-shift circuit 6 that the position is set is more flexible, as long as it is any between the two to be located at induced signal circuit 2, amplifying circuit 4 and filtering circuit 5.
Fig. 8 shows a kind of typical circuit of above-mentioned phase-shift circuit, in this circuit, forms all-pass filter by resistance R 1-R4, capacitor C 1-C2 and integrated circuit operational amplifier A3 and realizes rectification to the phase place of induced electricity parameter simulation signal.Certainly, those skilled in the art also can use other existing phase-shift circuits and carry out the phase place rectification, do not give unnecessary details at this.
The output signal of electrical parameter measuring device is simulating signal among above-mentioned all embodiment, considers that digitizing technique more and more comes into one's own, and the later embodiment of the present invention will introduce data processing unit simulating signal is carried out digitized processing.
Fig. 9 shows a kind of structure of the electrical parameter measuring device of introducing data processing unit, comprise: electromagnetic induction circuit 1, inductive signal processing unit 2, positioning unit 3, analogy signal processing unit and data processing unit 7, analogy signal processing unit comprises phase-shift circuit 6, filtering circuit 5, one-level amplifying circuit 8, the second amplifying circuit 9 that connects in turn, comprises digital regulation resistance in the negative feedback network of one-level amplifying circuit 8.
Above-mentioned each cell operation principle is such: induced electricity parameter simulation signal enters analogy signal processing unit, after the phase shift of phase-shift circuit 6 and filtering circuit 5, filtering, carry out the first order by one-level amplifying circuit 8 again and amplify, its enlargement factor (gain) changes according to the variation of digital regulation resistance resistance.Induced electricity parameter simulation signal is divided into two paths of signals after one-level amplifying circuit 8 comes out, wherein one road signal enters second amplifying circuit 9 and carries out the second time and amplify, the numerical value of final exporting country standard (greatly about 0V between the 60V); Another road signal then enters voltage follower 10, and (voltage follower 10 is also referred to as common-collector circuit, is characterized in that output voltage is approximately equal to input voltage, and input resistance height and output resistance is low can play the effect of impedance conversion.In multistage electronic circuit, common-collector circuit is generally as intergrade), be divided into two parts again from the induced electricity parameter simulation signal of voltage follower 10 outputs, a part is directly exported, and another part enters data processing unit 7, the combine digital processing procedure.Data processing unit 7 also will send the SPI instruction to the digital regulation resistance in the one-level amplifying circuit 8, with the resistance of control figure potentiometer, and then the enlargement factor of control one-level amplifying circuit 8.
Concrete, referring to Figure 10, above-mentioned data processing unit comprises that with analog signal conversion be the converting unit 11 of corresponding data and the CPU (central processing unit) 12 that described data are handled, in the present embodiment, above-mentioned simulating signal comprises induced electricity parameter simulation signal, accordingly, the data by converting unit 11 conversion outputs comprise the induced electricity supplemental characteristic.Certainly, above-mentioned simulating signal also can comprise the simulating signal of other kinds, and converting unit 11 can convert thereof into corresponding data equally and export.
As for converting unit 11, then comprise analog to digital conversion circuit and numerical value collecting unit, analog to digital conversion circuit is used for converting the effective value of simulating signal to direct current value, directly direct current value is sampled to make things convenient for the numerical value collecting unit.Signal through converting unit 11 outputs has become the data that process quantizes.Analog to digital conversion circuit can be a plurality of, optionally the quantity of Zhuan Huan simulating signal and deciding.
In other embodiments of the invention, as shown in figure 11, above-mentioned electrical parameter measuring device also can comprise temperature induction unit 13.Temperature induction unit 13 comprises temperature collection circuit 14 and the temperature signal amplifying circuit 15 that is connected, wherein, temperature collection circuit 14 is used for generating temperature analog signal according to temperature, and temperature signal amplifying circuit 15 is used for the temperature analog signal that described temperature collection circuit generates is carried out processing and amplifying.
In the present embodiment, the output terminal of temperature amplifying circuit 15 links to each other with the input end of converting unit 11.Therefore, the simulating signal in the present embodiment comprises induced electricity parameter simulation signal and temperature analog signal, and is corresponding, and the data of being exported by converting unit 11 comprise induced electricity supplemental characteristic and temperature data.
Figure 12 shows a kind of structure of said temperature sensing unit, wherein, temperature collection circuit 14 comprises a bridge circuit, comprises Rq1-Rq3 and PT100 platinum temperature sensor in this bridge circuit, and the resistance value of PT100 platinum temperature sensor can increase along with the rising of temperature.
The ratio of Rq1 and Rq2 is definite value, and the ratio of the resistance value of Rq3 and PT100 changes with variation of temperature, when environment temperature is constant, the electric potential difference that A, B are 2 also constant (may be zero sometimes), the differential wave of its output (being temperature analog signal) also constant (may be zero sometimes).This differential wave enters U7 and does first order amplifier, and its enlargement factor is 10, enters U8 after the U7 output to do secondary amplifier, and its gain is 6.After the two-stage amplification, above-mentioned differential wave becomes signal 0 to 5V, that meet the converting unit voltage request.And when temperature changes, the resistance value of PT100 also will change thereupon, cause the variation of ratio of the resistance value of Rq3 and PT100, corresponding change takes place in the electric potential difference of A, B point-to-point transmission thereupon, and the differential wave of its output also will change and finally cause the temperature analog signal of temperature induction unit output to change.
Although the analogy signal processing unit of above-mentioned electrical parameter measuring device has carried out a series of processing to electrical quantity analog parameter signal, but owing to have a plurality of active devices in the entire circuit, in dynamic process, may the work non-linear partial of its transport property of these active devices, thereby make the waveform generation nonlinear distortion of the electrical quantity analog parameter signal of output, and some linear reactance elements also may make the waveform generation linear distortion of electrical quantity analog parameter signal, and because electric system is generally A, B, C three-phase alternation electricity, a certain crossing power transformation also will produce co-channel interference to the measurement of other crossing power transformations.In addition, temperature variation (can be generated heat when working such as active device in the circuit and cause the rising of active device self temperature, and environment temperature is not invariable yet, it changes also can cause active device self variation of temperature) transmission parameter of active device is changed, promptly produce temperature and float.
When less demanding, can ignore above-mentioned distortion, co-channel interference and temperature and float, but when needs carry out accurate measurement, then need consider above-mentioned distortion, co-channel interference and temperature floated and handle the degree of accuracy of signal.
For example, in other embodiments of the invention, above-mentioned CPU (central processing unit) can comprise compensating unit, compensate with data and handle and the generation relevant parameters converting unit output, and the resistance of controlling described digital regulation resistance according to described parameter.
The compensation that compensating unit carries out the data of converting unit output can comprise linear compensation and temperature compensation.Wherein, linear compensation is carried out by the linear compensation module, and temperature compensation is carried out by temperature compensation module.The linear compensation module will be from the voltage/current value break into portions (as 10 parts) the induced electricity supplemental characteristic of converting unit output, respectively each part is provided with a parameter according to a large amount of simulated experiment data then, and Parameters Transformation become digital regulation resistance instruction, this digital regulation resistance instruction can send to digital regulation resistance by spi bus, digital regulation resistance changes its resistance value according to this instruction, thereby realizes the control to the output of analogy signal processing unit; Temperature compensation module mainly utilizes the induced electricity supplemental characteristic and the temperature data of converting unit output to carry out the temperature compensation computing, and generation digital regulation resistance instruction, this digital regulation resistance instruction can send to digital regulation resistance by spi bus, digital regulation resistance changes its resistance value according to this instruction, thereby realizes the control to the output of analogy signal processing unit.
It should be noted that; the mode of operation of above-mentioned linear compensation module and temperature compensation module can include but not limited to following several: mode one; the linear compensation module can be in the real-time working state; temperature compensation module then only just carries out the temperature compensation computing and generates the digital regulation resistance instruction (understanding predetermined threshold value usually during the temperature generation significant change of environment around; when temperature variation surpassed threshold value, temperature compensation module entered duty).The mode of operation that common mode one is provided is applicable to the situation that the load of transmission line of electricity is often fluctuateed; Mode two, linear compensation module and temperature compensation module enter duty every scheduled duration; Mode three; the linear compensation module enters duty and (understands predetermined threshold value usually when the induced electricity supplemental characteristic generation significant change of converting unit output; when the variable quantity of induced electricity supplemental characteristic surpasses threshold value; the linear compensation module enters duty), and temperature compensation module also only just enters duty around during the temperature generation significant change of environment.Mode two and three mode of operations that provided are applicable to the situation of steady load.
No matter be in which kind of mode of operation, when linear compensation module and temperature compensation module were exported the digital regulation resistance instruction simultaneously, the digital regulation resistance instruction of linear compensation module output was with conductively-closed or be performed earlier.
Perhaps, above-mentioned linear compensation module only is responsible for the induced electricity supplemental characteristic of converting unit output is carried out the linear compensation processing, exports the induced electricity supplemental characteristic through linear compensation deals, and sends parameter to temperature compensation module.And temperature compensation module does not carry out temperature compensation to handle when the temperature data of converting unit output does not change, and directly the parameter that sends according to the linear compensation module generates the digital regulation resistance instruction and sends it to digital regulation resistance; And when the temperature data of converting unit output changes, temperature compensation module is carried out the temperature compensation processing according to temperature data to the induced electricity supplemental characteristic through linear compensation deals, and generates the digital regulation resistance instruction according to the parameter of temperature data and the transmission of linear compensation module.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the CPU (central processing unit) of above-mentioned electrical parameter measuring device also can comprise the interference processing unit, disturbs processing unit to carry out Filtering Processing and/or co-channel interference processing to above-mentioned induced electricity supplemental characteristic.Wherein filter processing method is a lot, mainly is divided into three kinds of high-pass filtering, low-pass filtering and bandpass filterings.
In addition, in other embodiments of the invention, also can comprise manual linear regulation unit, carry out Installation and Debugging to make things convenient for installation personnel.During specific implementation, manually the linear regulation unit can be the control knob that links to each other with digital regulation resistance, and installation personnel can be controlled the increase and decrease of digital potentiometer resistance by the operation control knob.
In other embodiments of the invention, also can comprise correct data monitoring and processing unit among above-mentioned all embodiment, data monitoring and processing unit are the unit of user oriented or communication interface, and main effect is the transmission signals that low-voltage signal is converted to readable or standard.This unit can be local operation display interface, and its interface can be standard RJ45 interface or other interfaces.
In actual applications, among above-mentioned all embodiment, all functions of data processing unit all can be realized by the DSP microprocessor.The DSP microprocessor is programmable, be subjected to outsides such as temperature, environment to participate in influencing little, realize integrated easily, the convenient coefficient of adjusting is realized auto adapted filtering, the irrealizable function of simulation process advantages such as (for example linear phase, multiple sampling rate processing, cascades etc.) can be realized, and the low-down signal of frequency can be handled.
To be described as example with the electrical parameter measuring device that uses the DSP microprocessor below.
In the present embodiment, referring to Figure 13, electrical parameter measuring device comprises electromagnetic induction circuit 1, inductive signal processing unit 2 (comprising digital regulation resistance in the negative feedback network of amplifying circuit in the inductive signal processing unit 2), (positioning unit 3 specifically can be laser range finder to positioning unit 3, with the conductor in the accurate measuring and calculating electromagnetic induction circuit 1 and the distance between circuit-under-test), temperature induction unit 13, keyboard 16, LCD display 17, universal communication serial ports 18, and the DSP microprocessor that is connected with above-mentioned each unit.DSP microprocessor in the present embodiment is specially the DSPIC30f4013 single-chip microcomputer of little core company, there is the DSP engine its inside, can do some DSP computings more easily, and its frequency of operation is 19.668MHZ, the serial port baud rate is 9600, the SPI work clock be above-mentioned single-chip microcomputer frequency 1/4.
It should be noted that, electrical parameter measuring device in the present embodiment is that A, B, C three-phase alternating current are carried out the voltage data collection, the collection of the voltage data of each phase all needs to use one group of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 and inductive signal processing unit 2, so the quantity of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 and inductive signal processing unit 2 respectively is three.When measuring, three electromagnetic induction circuit 1 need be placed the same side of high pressure uniline respectively.Because principle is identical, a pair of electromagnetic induction circuit 1 and the inductive signal processing unit 2 of induction A cross streams electricity only is shown among Fig. 3.
Above-mentioned each branch's workflow is as follows:
The DSP microprocessor is to carrying out digital-to-analog conversion and sampling by the voltage analog signal of inductive signal processing unit 2 outputs and the temperature analog signal of temperature induction unit 13 outputs: sampling also began immediately when digital-to-analog conversion started, begin conversion after sampling finishes, sample immediately again behind the EOC.When sampling, the DSP microprocessor carries out P-SCAN, and finish the conversion sampling of 12 conversion sampling back interruptions to simulating signal, the data that conversion is come out are handled through Filtering Processing and co-channel interference then, and it is reduced into voltage data and carries out compensation deals.After finishing compensation deals, the DSP microprocessor can show by LCD display 17 with temperature data and through the compensated voltage data, and, instruction is sent to digital regulation resistance by spi bus in conjunction with the SPI instruction that the result of compensation generates a control figure potentiometer.Digital regulation resistance is specified according to this SPI and is changed its resistance, and the change of its resistance feeds back to amplification circuits, can and then control the output of analogy signal processing unit.Universal communication serial ports 18 can be realized the communication of DSP microprocessor and other unit or external equipment.
The main algorithm of the Filtering Processing that may relate among the DSP comprises: based on the harmonic detecting method of instantaneous reactive theory, self-adaptation harmonic detecting method, based on combination property analysis method of instantaneous reactive theory and self-adaptation harmonic detecting method etc.; Co-channel interference is handled the method that may relate to be comprised: static excitation/capacitor vibration pick-up mode, the method for both-end difference excitation/both-end Differential Detection, the method for cancelling out each other etc.
The data or the signal of the electrical parameter measuring device output among above-mentioned all embodiment can be used as intermediate data or signal, and the signal/data analysis that is used for other devices or unit is handled.
It should be noted that, because the electric pressure of the alternating current of carrying in the transmission line of alternation current in the electric system is generally relatively fixed (such as 10KV, 35KV, 50KV, 110KV), in the present embodiment, the corresponding parameter in the time of can pre-setting distance A cross streams power transmission line 5cm in the DSP microprocessor between each electric pressure and the conductor output voltage.In measuring process, can utilize the distance between laser range finder adjustment conductor and the A cross streams power transmission line, making the distance between itself and the A cross streams power transmission line is 5cm, utilize keyboard 16 input voltage grade points, the DSP microprocessor can calculate the actual voltage value of alternating current in the A cross streams power transmission line and be shown by LCD display 17; Perhaps, in other embodiments of the invention, can pre-set under a certain electric pressure in the DSP microprocessor, conductor output voltage, conductor are apart from the distance L of A cross streams power transmission line and the funtcional relationship between the alternating current voltage, in measuring process, utilize laser range finder to obtain L and (certain by keyboard 16 inputs, also can be designed to directly provides data to DSP after laser range finder obtains L), the DSP microprocessor can calculate the actual voltage value of alternating current in the AC power line and be shown by LCD display 17.Certainly, keyboard 16 also can be used as the manual shift truing tool, and digital regulation resistance or DSP are regulated calibration.To B mutually and the measuring and calculating of C cross streams piezoelectric voltage and similar, do not give unnecessary details at this measuring and calculating of A cross streams piezoelectric voltage.
In addition, when needs were considered co-channel interference, laser range finder also can offer the DSP microprocessor with A, B, the C distance between mutually respectively with conductor and carry out the co-channel interference processing.
The embodiment of the invention promptly provides a kind of electrical parameter measuring device, this device comprise as the described electrical parameter measuring device of arbitrary embodiment among above-mentioned all embodiment and to as described in the signal of electrical parameter measuring device output or the processing unit that data are handled;
Described signal comprises that at least a kind of in induced electricity parameter simulation signal and the temperature analog signal, described data comprise a kind of in induced electricity supplemental characteristic and the temperature data at least.
How processing unit is handled and should decide on actual requirements the signal of electrical parameter measuring device output, and its actual requirement can be voltage-to-ground, the exchange current in the measurement circuit-under-test of measurement circuit-under-test, the power output of measurement circuit-under-test etc.
Corresponding with it, the embodiment of the invention also provides a kind of electric parameter measurement method based on electrical parameter measuring device, and this electrical parameter measuring device comprises the electromagnetic induction circuit, and comprises conductor in the electromagnetic induction circuit, and said method comprises:
Described electromagnetic induction circuit is positioned;
Utilize conductor to obtain and the corresponding induced electricity parameter simulation of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test signal, induced electricity parameter simulation signal comprises induction electromotive force and/or induction current;
Described induced electricity parameter simulation signal is handled.
It should be noted that technical scheme provided by the present invention is not limited in the measurement of alternation electricity electrical quantity in the electric system, it can carry out non-contact inductive and measurement to any circuit that magnetic flux changes.
Each embodiment adopts the mode of going forward one by one to describe in this instructions, and what each embodiment stressed all is and the difference of other embodiment that identical similar part is mutually referring to getting final product between each embodiment.
One of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that all or part of flow process that realizes in the foregoing description method, be to instruct relevant hardware to finish by computer program, described program can be stored in the computer read/write memory medium, described program can comprise the flow process as the embodiment of above-mentioned each side method when carrying out.Wherein, described storage medium can be magnetic disc, CD, read-only storage memory body (Read-Only Memory, ROM) or at random store memory body (Random Access Memory, RAM) etc.
To the above-mentioned explanation of the disclosed embodiments, make this area professional and technical personnel can realize or use the present invention.Multiple modification to these embodiment will be conspicuous concerning those skilled in the art, and defined herein General Principle can realize under the situation that does not break away from the spirit or scope of the present invention in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will can not be restricted to these embodiment shown in this article, but will meet and principle disclosed herein and features of novelty the wideest corresponding to scope.
Claims (10)
1. an electrical parameter measuring device is characterized in that, comprises electromagnetic induction circuit, inductive signal processing unit and positioning unit;
Described electromagnetic induction circuit comprises conductor and at least one output terminal;
Described conductor is used to obtain and the corresponding induced electricity parameter simulation of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test signal, and described induced electricity parameter simulation signal comprises a kind of in induced electromotive force signal and the sensor current signal at least;
Described positioning unit is used for the distance between definite described conductor and the circuit-under-test;
Described inductive signal processing unit is used for the induced electricity parameter simulation signal of described electromagnetic induction circuit output is handled.
2. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described inductive signal processing unit comprises analogy signal processing unit, described analogy signal processing unit comprises amplifying circuit and the filtering circuit that is connected, described amplifying circuit comprises one-level amplifying circuit and the second amplifying circuit that is connected, and the input end of described one-level amplifying circuit or filtering circuit is connected with the output terminal of described electromagnetic induction circuit.
3. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that described analogy signal processing unit also comprises phase-shift circuit.
4. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described inductive signal processing unit also comprises data processing unit, described data processing unit comprises that with analog signal conversion be the converting unit of corresponding data and the CPU (central processing unit) that described data are handled, described simulating signal comprises described induced electricity parameter simulation signal, and described data comprise the induced electricity supplemental characteristic.
5. as each described electrical parameter measuring device of claim 2-4, it is characterized in that described one-level amplifying circuit and/or second amplifying circuit comprise negative feedback network, comprise digital regulation resistance in the described negative feedback network.
6. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described CPU (central processing unit) comprises compensating unit, and described compensating unit is used for the data of converting unit output are compensated processing, generates corresponding instruction and sends to described digital regulation resistance.
7. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 6 is characterized in that described CPU (central processing unit) also comprises the interference processing unit, and described interference processing unit is used for described induced electricity supplemental characteristic is carried out Filtering Processing and/or co-channel interference processing.
8. electrical parameter measuring device as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that, also comprises temperature induction unit;
Described temperature induction unit comprises temperature collection circuit and the temperature signal amplifying circuit that is in series;
Described temperature collection circuit is used for generating temperature analog signal according to temperature;
Described temperature signal amplifying circuit is used for the temperature analog signal that described temperature collection circuit generates is carried out processing and amplifying, and the output terminal of described temperature signal amplifying circuit is connected with described converting unit;
Described simulating signal also comprises temperature analog signal, and described data also comprise temperature data.
9. an electric parameter measurement system is characterized in that, comprise as each described electrical parameter measuring device of claim 1-8 and to as described in the signal of electrical parameter measuring device output or the processing unit that data are handled;
Described signal comprises that at least a kind of in induced electricity parameter simulation signal and the temperature analog signal, described data comprise a kind of in induced electricity supplemental characteristic and the temperature data at least.
10. the electric parameter measurement method based on electrical parameter measuring device is characterized in that described electrical parameter measuring device comprises the electromagnetic induction circuit, and described electromagnetic induction circuit comprises conductor, and described method comprises:
Described conductor is positioned;
Utilize conductor to obtain and the corresponding induced electricity parameter simulation of the magnetic flux change of circuit-under-test signal, described induced electricity parameter simulation signal comprises induction electromotive force and/or induction current;
Described induced electricity parameter simulation signal is handled.
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| CN103217584A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-24 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring ground impedance of large grounding grid |
| CN104006830A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-27 | 国网四川省电力公司成都市新都供电分公司 | Adjusting module for acquiring signal in power transmission line monitoring system |
| CN105487023A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-04-13 | 晋江知保企业管理咨询有限公司 | Power frequency magnetic field detection device |
| CN105629083A (en) * | 2016-01-21 | 2016-06-01 | 晋江知保企业管理咨询有限公司 | Power frequency electric field detection device |
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| CN103217584A (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2013-07-24 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | Method for measuring ground impedance of large grounding grid |
| CN103217584B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2015-09-16 | 广东电网公司电力科学研究院 | The measuring method of large-scale grounding network impedance ground |
| CN104006830A (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-27 | 国网四川省电力公司成都市新都供电分公司 | Adjusting module for acquiring signal in power transmission line monitoring system |
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| CN105890772B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2019-03-22 | 镇雄易和互联有限公司 | A kind of remote temperature information alert system |
| CN105915187B (en) * | 2016-04-11 | 2018-10-16 | 黄伟 | Temperature signal collection amplifier |
| US11486908B2 (en) | 2017-02-15 | 2022-11-01 | Sichuan University | Electronic integrated multi-electrode detection system based on potential determination |
| WO2018149380A1 (en) * | 2017-02-15 | 2018-08-23 | 四川大学 | Electronic integrated multi-electrode detection system based on potential measurement |
| CN107478887A (en) * | 2017-07-07 | 2017-12-15 | 中国电力科学研究院 | A kind of array Hall current sensor |
| CN107677873A (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2018-02-09 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transmission line of electricity current sensing means |
| CN107677873B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-11-15 | 国网山东省电力公司电力科学研究院 | A kind of transmission line of electricity current detection means |
| CN107608416A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2018-01-19 | 中国航空工业集团公司西安飞机设计研究所 | A kind of electromagnetic lock temprature control method |
| CN108490235A (en) * | 2018-02-28 | 2018-09-04 | 安徽中电电气有限公司 | non-contact type current detection device |
| CN109581922A (en) * | 2018-12-03 | 2019-04-05 | 中国核动力研究设计院 | A kind of pretreatment unit of pile neutron pulse signal |
| CN109342251A (en) * | 2018-12-06 | 2019-02-15 | 中国航空工业集团公司北京长城计量测试技术研究所 | It is a kind of for straining the self-checking device and method of quantity collection system |
| CN113030550A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-06-25 | 珠海多创科技有限公司 | Non-contact voltage sensor |
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