CN102841258B - Measuring device and method for direct current supply output impedance - Google Patents
Measuring device and method for direct current supply output impedance Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a measuring device and method for direct current supply output impedance. The measured direct current supply output impedance is defined at a specific operating point and a specific test cross section, the presented equivalent impedance is seen in the direction of the test cross section facing a power supply, and system deviation in the measuring process, caused by load input impedance, is avoided. The measuring device comprises a test frequency point voltage phasor extraction module, a test frequency point current phasor extraction module, a low-current excitation load module, a sweep frequency phasor analysis module and a control computer, wherein the test frequency point voltage phasor extraction module and the test frequency point current phasor extraction module are respectively connected with a voltage input end and a current input end of the sweep frequency phasor analysis module; the signal output end of the sweep frequency phasor analysis module is connected with the low-current excitation load module; and the sweep frequency phasor analysis module is further connected with the control computer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to DC power system impedance measurement technique field, particularly relate to a kind of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof.
Background technology
The system that DC power system is made up of power supply and many loads, power-supply system impedance can be divided into power supply output impedance and load input impedance two parts.Power supply output impedance is the important technology index of the reflection power supply quality of power-supply system, compatibility, stability, and load input impedance is the important technology index that reflection input filter or power supply changeover device DC-DC suppress Conduction Interference, inhibitory reflex power.Both are referred to as power-supply system impedance altogether.
Power system design and electricity consumption load design often by different research institutes, complete in the different time.Such as VXI, PXI chassis power supply, computer power supply bus, communication power supply bus, spacecraft power supply bus and international space station power supply etc.Only after power supply output impedance is decided, then require that the input impedance after all load parallel connections is far longer than power supply output impedance, guarantee system stability.Power supply output impedance parameter becomes the significant data of designing power supply system and load.Only having actual measurement to go out power supply output impedance and load input impedance could, with quantitative data detection design objective, also need the output impedance of actual measurement power supply to search reason online when interference appears in power-supply system.At present external spacecraft power supply has used power supply output impedance as technical indicator to evaluate the quality of power supply, defines the family curve requirement of spacecraft output impedance, and define the DC-DC power source stability requirement of cascade in the technical manual of European Space Agency.International space station power-supply system is in order to adapt to from every country and the use electric loading from different company, and the special provision limited field of power supply output impedance and load input impedance, to ensure whole system stable operation.Therefore, if there is no reliable power supply output impedance measuring technique, with regard to being difficult to, quantitative test is carried out to the system stability of power supply and load, also be difficult to the technical requirement proposing power supply output impedance technical requirement and load input impedance when power system design, therefore power supply output impedance measuring technique is important measuring technique anxious to be developed.
The feature of direct supply output impedance is: 1. direct supply output impedance is different from components and parts impedance, is also different from the internal resistance of source.Components and parts impedance is determined by material behavior and geometry, impedance as resistance device is determined by the resistivity of conductive filament and geometric configuration, the impedance of capacitor element is determined by the resistance of capacitor plate area, polar plate spacing, dielectric dielectric number of fields and pin electric wire and geometric configuration, and the impedance of inductance component is determined by magnetic permeability inside and outside area coil and the number of turn, coil and coil resistance and geometric configuration.Power supply output impedance is different from components and parts impedance, and it is determined by the distribution parameter on output characteristic of power source and power source bus, and power supply output impedance is under power supply has the condition of power stage, the inherent characteristic showed.It is also different from the internal resistance of source, and internal resistance is the ratio that the change in voltage of power output end and load current change.Voltage and current is all at DC state, and so-called change refers to the difference between two kinds of direct current output states.Internal resistance can represent with the tangent slope of volt-ampere characteristic, and power supply exists non-linear, and under different operating state, the size of internal resistance is not identical yet, and desirable voltage source Us internal resistance Rs is zero, and desirable current source Is internal resistance Rg is infinitely great.2. direct supply output impedance is the impedance under small-signal condition.Direct supply is nonlinear system, and on the working point of different voltage and currents, impedance is different.There is little motion interval near working point, approximately linear interval can be regarded as.When therefore measuring source impedance, can only apply the sinusoidal excitation current of small magnitude, under ensureing distortionless situation, the voltage disturbance of generation is also undistorted, under this small-signal condition, source impedance could be calculated by the voltage phasor of certain single-frequency and electric current phasor.General at below 10kHz, source impedance is less than 0.1 Ω, if the amplitude of ac-excited electric current is less than 0.1A, the alternating voltage response on bus is less than 10mV, so little voltage signal is submerged in bus noise, can have a strong impact on accuracy of measurement, the measurement problem of tiny signal is the difficult problem in impedance measurement.3. direct supply output impedance is distribution parameter impedance.Power supply output impedance is not only relevant with Energy control characteristic, also with transmission line of electricity with to measure cross section relevant, (be generally greater than 10kHz) under high frequency situations, power supply output impedance affects by bus distribution parameter, increase gradually, and bus distribution parameter is chosen relevant with measurement cross section.
Therefore, the measurement of direct supply output impedance is different from passive impedor measurement, directly can not use impedometer.It must when direct supply works, and Injection Current excitation or voltage drive, then measure response voltage or electric current, obtain impedance measurements by the phasor ratio of calculating voltage and electric current.But in order to avoid nonlinear distortion, excitation is often operated in small-signal interval with response, for weak-signal measurement, very difficult.Under direct supply condition of work, when power supply output impedance is very little, such as 0.1 below Ω, alternating voltage to be measured is usually submerged in the noise of direct supply itself.Surveying instrument and the equipment of commercial direct supply output impedance is not also had on internal and international at present.And general, commercialization impedometer and vector network analyzer can only measure the AC impedance of passive device, can not be directly used in and measure power supply output impedance and load input impedance.
According to the record of domestic and international relate art literature, the method of current measurement power supply output impedance, general employing frequency response analyzer, ac-excited signal VAC is produced by frequency response analyzer, measure amplitude proportion and the phase differential of busbar voltage Vtest and sample resistance voltage Vref, measurement result provides with Bode diagram simultaneously.Survey frequency scope 10Hz ~ 200kHz, frequency response analyzer used has 350 series of Venable company of the U.S., also has the AP200 series of Ridley company of the U.S..
Fig. 1 adopts current transformer coupling process to inject and exchanges current perturbation, and the coupling of disturbing signal is too weak, and when the impedance of mutual inductor left end is less, the signal source of right-hand member is operated in current source state, encourages comparatively difficulty with Frequency Response Analyser.DC Electronic Loads is by DC current I0(DC), setting DC point.The input impedance of DC Electronic Loads is in parallel with the output impedance of tested power supply, and the resistance value that actual measurement obtains is direct supply output impedance and the result in parallel of DC Electronic Loads input impedance.When DC load input impedance is much larger than power supply output impedance, measurement result is similar to power supply output impedance.But high band often load input impedance is suitable with power supply output impedance, and measurement result produces very big error.
Fig. 2 adopts field effect transistor to be exaggerated interchange disturbing signal, directly drives field effect transistor by busbar voltage, and under higher busbar voltage, its thermonoise is also enlarged into interchange disturbing signal, disturbs normal measurement.Same measured resistance value is power supply output impedance and the result in parallel of DC Electronic Loads input impedance, in D.C. high-current situation (such as, electronic load input impedance is less than 10 Ω), produces comparatively Iarge-scale system deviation.
Fig. 3 devises activated amplifier and the swept-frequency signal of frequency response analyzer is amplified rear drive coupling mutual inductor, injected by coupling mutual inductor and exchange disturbing signal, expand the scope of application, but coupling transformer frequency response bandwidth is narrower, actual measurement only reaches 200kHz, same measured resistance value contains the input impedance situation in parallel of DC Electronic Loads, produces comparatively Iarge-scale system deviation.
Also recommend a kind of method measuring power supply output impedance in the product description of the 4395A network analyzer of Agilent company, see Fig. 4.The same with problem above, the input impedance of load has also become measured object, and actual measurement data is the input impedance of the load result in parallel with power supply output impedance, has comparatively Iarge-scale system deviation.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism and measuring method thereof, measured direct supply output impedance is defined in concrete working point (DC voltage and DC current determined of power work in rated range), concrete testing section, the equiva lent impedance presented viewed from the direction of power supply from testing section, overcomes the system deviation of the measuring process caused due to the impact of load input impedance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, comprises test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, small area analysis excitation load blocks, frequency sweep phasor analysis module and computer for controlling; Described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected voltage input end and the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, the signal output part of described frequency sweep phasor analysis module connects small area analysis excitation load blocks, and described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is also connected with computer for controlling; described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected to the voltage sample end connecting the testing section that the power source bus of load is chosen at tested power supply, extract amplitude and phase place that tested both ends of power frequency is the voltage signal of ω, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module adopts cordless to extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω, described small area analysis excitation load blocks is connected to the load end of tested power supply, the frequency being exported certain amplitude by described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is the sinusoidal excitation signal of ω, introduce one at the load end of tested power supply and the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω is applied to power supply, described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is according to the amplitude of voltage signal received and the amplitude of phase place and current signal and phase place, calculate the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling controls the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module and the result of calculation of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed.
The signal output part of described frequency sweep phasor analysis module also connects open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module, described open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module carrying out opening a way/short circuit/load calibration time be connected to load end, in tested power supply and load and small area analysis excitation load blocks all from output drive signal after power source bus disconnects to testing section; Described open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module comprises negative feedback operational amplifier; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier connects signal output part and the delivery value of frequency sweep phasor analysis module by totalizer and adds DC bias circuit; the output terminal series diode of operational amplifier; the electrode input end of diode connects pressure limited protection circuit, and the cathode output end of diode passes through the voltage sample end in calibration switch connecting test cross section.
Described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module comprises the first capacitance and the second capacitance that are connected with testing section voltage sample end, first capacitance and the second capacitance are connected the first signal input buffer circuit and secondary signal input buffer circuit respectively, first signal input buffer circuit is connected differential amplifier circuit again with secondary signal input buffer circuit simultaneously, and differential amplifier circuit connects the voltage input end of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
Described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, described low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of high magnetic permeability, described current transformer is wound with respectively secondary induction winding and direct current setoff winding, described secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module; Described direct current compensates for winding and is connected DC current measurement device by the DC circuit driving circuit connected successively with low-pass filter circuit, described DC current measurement device converts voltage signal to the bus current signal recorded, after low-pass filter circuit filtering alternating component, then compensate for the DC current that winding exports the magnetic induction density that a DC current offsetting power source bus produces in current transformer to direct current by DC circuit driving circuit.
Described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, described high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of low magnetic permeability, described current transformer is wound with secondary induction winding, described secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
Described small area analysis excitation load blocks comprises the negative feedback closed loop controlling and driving circuits be made up of operational amplifier, field effect transistor, sample resistance; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier connects signal output part and the delivery value circuit of frequency sweep phasor analysis module by totalizer; the output terminal of operational amplifier connects the control pole of field effect transistor; an output stage of field effect transistor is connected tested positive source by current limliting with fuse protection circuit, and another output stage connects tested power cathode by sample resistance.
Described frequency sweep phasor analysis module comprises digital logic device, described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected described digital logic device by input signal conditioning circuit with analog to digital conversion circuit respectively successively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, and described digital logic device is connected described small area analysis excitation load blocks or open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module by D/A converting circuit with output signal conditioning circuit successively, described digital logic device comprises the DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit be connected with clock chip, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit connects sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively by multiplier, the two-way frequency that DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit exports is send into sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively again after the orthogonal signal sin (ω t) of ω is multiplied with current digital signal I (t) with voltage digital signal U (t) inputing to digital logic device respectively with cos (ω t), described sine integral module and integral cosine model calling phasor division arithmetic module, described phasor division arithmetic module is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit also connects described D/A converting circuit, is that sin (ω t) signal or cos (ω t) signal of ω exports to D/A converting circuit by the frequency of generation, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, by the output frequency of computer for controlling control DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit.
A kind of direct supply output impedance measuring method, it is characterized in that, set up the working point of tested power supply and load, the power source bus that tested power supply is connected with load chooses testing section, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, the sinusoidal signal being ω by the frequency of the output terminal output certain amplitude of frequency sweep phasor analysis module encourages load blocks as excitation to small area analysis, make small area analysis encourage load blocks to introduce one at the load end of tested power supply and the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω is applied to power supply, be amplitude and the phase place of the voltage signal of ω from the frequency that the voltage sample end testing section extracts tested both ends of power by test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω by test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, be sent to voltage input end and the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively, ratio and the differential seat angle of the mould of voltage phasor and electric current phasor is calculated by frequency sweep phasor analysis module, according to the data at the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration, measurement result is revised again, finally draw the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling is communicated with frequency sweep phasor analysis module by communication interface, and control the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module, the Output rusults of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed.
Described basis comprises the step that measurement result is revised in the data of the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration:
1) tested power supply and load are all disconnected from power source bus, encourage load blocks to disconnect from power source bus small area analysis simultaneously; 2) by being connected to the open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module output drive signal of load end to testing section; 3) when the voltage sample end of testing section keeps open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load respectively, resistance value when open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load is measured respectively; 4) according to these data, the measurement result of tested power supply output impedance is revised.
By the measurement data of open circuit, short circuit to the formula that measurement result is revised be
Z
xmfor the measured value of measurand; Z
omvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during open circuit;
Z
smvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during short circuit; Z
xfor the resistance value of revised measurand;
By the measurement data of connection standard load to the method that measurement result is revised be: the standard termination measured value of each frequency recorded during voltage sample end connection standard load by testing section and the nominal value of each frequency of standard termination are compared, obtain correction factor, this correction factor makes the resistance value finally shown during measurement standard load follow the nominal value of standard termination consistent, revises later measured value according to this correction factor.
Technique effect of the present invention:
A kind of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism disclosed by the invention and measuring method thereof, measured direct supply output impedance is defined in concrete working point (DC voltage and DC current determined of power work in rated range), concrete testing section, the equiva lent impedance presented viewed from the direction of power supply from testing section, during measurement, the power source bus that tested power supply is connected with load chooses testing section, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, the frequency extracting tested both ends of power from the voltage sample end testing section is amplitude and the phase place of the voltage signal of ω, amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω is extracted from power source bus, the system deviation of the measuring process that the measuring method effectively overcoming prior art causes due to the impact of load input impedance.In addition, that introduces at the load end of tested power supply applies to power supply the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω, be different from the measuring method of prior art initiatively the mode of signal source signal coupling to power source bus, this sine-wave current load is equivalent to the load very little to a power on Power supply belt of passive type, from power supply current drawn, reach object power supply being applied to disturbance, the frequency of the sine-wave current load applied and amplitude are all controlled, and enough little, do not affect the working point that tested power supply and load are set up.Further, also comprise the calibrating mode that measurement result is revised, by open circuit, short circuit, load calibration, eliminate the impact of measurement mechanism self to greatest extent, be met the tested power supply impedance values of error requirements.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the direct supply output impedance measuring principle figure that prior art adopts current transformer.
Fig. 2 is the direct supply output impedance measuring principle figure that prior art adopts field effect transistor.
Fig. 3 is the direct supply output impedance measuring principle figure that prior art adopts activated amplifier.
Fig. 4 is that Agilent4395A network analyzer measures power supply output impedance schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism of the present invention calibration schematic diagram.
Fig. 7 is open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module structural drawing.
Fig. 8 is test frequency voltage phasor extraction module structural drawing.
Fig. 9 is low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module structural drawing.
Figure 10 is high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module structural drawing.
Figure 11 is small area analysis excitation load blocks structural drawing.
Figure 12 is frequency sweep phasor analysis function structure chart.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 5, the schematic diagram of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism of the present invention.A kind of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism, comprises test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, small area analysis excitation load blocks, frequency sweep phasor analysis module and computer for controlling; Test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected voltage input end U and the current input terminal I of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, the signal output part S of frequency sweep phasor analysis module connects small area analysis excitation load blocks, and frequency sweep phasor analysis module is also connected with computer for controlling; test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected to the voltage sample end a point and the b point that connect the testing section that the power source bus of load is chosen at tested power supply, extract amplitude and phase place that tested both ends of power frequency is the voltage signal of ω, testing section is the square section ab seen towards power supply direction between tested power supply and load, test frequency electric current phasor extraction module adopts cordless to extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω, small area analysis excitation load blocks is connected to the load end of tested power supply, the frequency being exported certain amplitude by frequency sweep phasor analysis module is the sinusoidal excitation signal of ω, introduce one at the load end of tested power supply and the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω is applied to power supply, frequency sweep phasor analysis module is according to the amplitude of voltage signal received and the amplitude of phase place and current signal and phase place, calculate the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling controls the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module and the result of calculation of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed.
As shown in Figure 6, be the calibration schematic diagram of direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism of the present invention.The signal output part of frequency sweep phasor analysis module also connects open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module, open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module carrying out opening a way/short circuit/load calibration time be connected to load end, for in tested power supply and load and small area analysis excitation load blocks all from output drive signal after power source bus disconnects to testing section, enable frequency sweep phasor analysis module measure its open circuit, short circuit, connect the value of standard termination, measurement mechanism is opened a way, short circuit, load calibration.The object of calibration eliminates the impact of measurement mechanism self, the impact of such as test fixture, error of system self etc.
As shown in Figure 7, be open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module structural drawing.Open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module comprises negative feedback operational amplifier A; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier connects signal output part S and the delivery value of frequency sweep phasor analysis module by totalizer and adds DC bias circuit; the output terminal series diode D1 of operational amplifier; the electrode input end of diode D1 connects pressure limited protection circuit, and the cathode output end of diode D1 passes through voltage sample end a, the b in calibration switch connecting test cross section.The principle of this modular circuit is, the sinusoidal signal of a test frequency is exported from frequency sweep phasor analysis module, through delivery value and add DC bias circuit, be added with the signal of input, the signal minimum of synthesis is greater than the pressure drop of diode D1, is not pruned bottom the signal ensureing to be input to cross sectional testing point.The reason of this sample loading mode is adopted to be, in test process, occur that calibration switch forgets the situation of disconnection sometimes, will cause like this open circuit, short circuit, load calibration pumping signal output module output and busbar voltage be directly connected to produce and conflict, cause power supply or open circuit, short circuit, load calibration pumping signal output module damaged.This modular circuit adopts Diode series to export, and diode prime adds pressure limited protection circuit, can available protecting power supply and open circuit, short circuit, load calibration pumping signal output module safety.
As shown in Figure 8, be test frequency voltage phasor extraction module structural drawing.Test frequency voltage phasor extraction module comprises the first capacitance C1 and the second capacitance C2 that are connected with testing section voltage sample end, first capacitance C1 is connected the first signal input buffer circuit and secondary signal input buffer circuit respectively with the second capacitance C2, first signal input buffer circuit is connected differential amplifier circuit again with secondary signal input buffer circuit simultaneously, and differential amplifier circuit connects the voltage input end U of frequency sweep phasor analysis module; The voltage signal extracted from testing section voltage sample end passes through capacitance C1, C2 filtering direct current signal, then through input buffer circuit and differential amplifier circuit, the voltage signal of test frequency is extracted, give the voltage input end of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
Test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module and high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, the frequency range that low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module is suitable for is 10Hz ~ 1MHz, and the scope that high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module is suitable for is 10kHz ~ 30MHz.
If the frequency of test is in the scope of 10Hz ~ 1MHz, adopt low-frequency ac current measurement scheme, the core of the program makes current transformer with the magnet ring of a high magnetic permeability, and the magnetic core of magnet ring can be permalloy, amorphous, the high-permeability material such as nanocrystalline.This application needs on one significantly DC bias current (50 amperes and more than) to detect the alternating current by a small margin (milliampere rank and more than) of superposition, therefore in order to prevent magnetic core from occurring magnetically saturated situation, the current transformer of this module is except there being secondary induction winding, also have a direct current to compensate for winding, offset the magnetic field intensity that the DC component in power source bus electric current produces in mutual inductor.As shown in Figure 9, be low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module structural drawing.Low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of high magnetic permeability, current transformer is wound with respectively secondary induction winding and direct current setoff winding, secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal I of frequency sweep phasor analysis module, secondary induction winding role is the alternating current composition in the tested electric current of induction, electric current in secondary induction winding and the linear relation of the alternating current in power source bus, change through current/voltage, signal condition and compensating for frequency response circuit, finally export to frequency sweep phasor analysis module, direct current compensates for winding and is connected DC current measurement device by the DC circuit driving circuit connected successively with low-pass filter circuit, DC current measurement device converts voltage signal to the bus current signal recorded, after low-pass filter circuit filtering alternating component, then compensate for the DC current that winding exports the magnetic induction density that a DC current offsetting power source bus produces in current transformer to direct current by DC circuit driving circuit, the effect that direct current compensates for winding is a certain size the DC current that basis provides to it, the induction level that it produces in magnetic core is equal with the induction level that the DC bias current of tested bus current produces in magnetic core, direction is contrary, so just can ensure that magnetic core can not be excessive and saturated because of direct current biasing, ensure that current transformer normally works.The function realizing measuring power source bus DC current can use the device that DC current can be converted to DC voltage of Hall current sensor or other types, the voltage that Hall current sensor exports, except comprising the DC component proportional with bus DC bias current, also comprises the AC compounent that some are little; The output of Hall current sensor is by the AC compounent in a low-pass filter filtering test frequency range, the signal of remaining approximate DC, to direct current drive circuit, this signal of direct current drive circuit goes driving DC compensation electric current to the DC compensation winding of current transformer, the magnetic induction density that the direct current of offsetting power source bus produces in current transformer.
If the frequency of test point is in the scope of 10kHz ~ 30MHz, can adopt high-frequency ac current measurement scheme, the program can select the magnetic permeability such as ferrite, iron sial relatively low, and the wide magnetic core of frequency response range makes current transformer.Experiment shows to select suitable magnetic core, secondary winding turns, and the impact that the direct current biasing of power source bus electric current measures alternating current component to current transformer is little, and the direct current as low-frequency current is tested can not be needed to compensate for winding.As shown in Figure 10, be high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module structural drawing.High-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of low magnetic permeability, current transformer is wound with secondary induction winding, secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
As shown in figure 11, be small area analysis excitation load blocks structural drawing.Small area analysis excitation load blocks comprises the negative feedback closed loop controlling and driving circuits be made up of operational amplifier A, field effect transistor Q, sample resistance R1; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier A connects signal output part S and the delivery value circuit of frequency sweep phasor analysis module by totalizer; the output terminal of operational amplifier A connects the control pole of field effect transistor Q; an output stage of field effect transistor Q is connected tested positive source by current limliting with fuse protection circuit, and another output stage connects tested power cathode by sample resistance R1.The main function of small area analysis excitation load blocks is all controlled electric current by a small margin of output frequency and amplitude, the principle that it realizes is the conducting resistance change by controlling field effect transistor, reach the size of current controlling to absorb from power supply, the pattern of what its current excitation of introducing adopted is a kind of Passive intake, can not cause potential damage to power source bus.The excitation that applies of small area analysis excitation load blocks should be enough little, can not affect the working point that power supply and load are set up.Frequency sweep phasor analysis module inputs the sinusoidal signal of a test frequency, and carry out being added the voltage control signal that acquisition one has direct current biasing through delivery value circuit and original signal, its minimum value is slightly larger than zero; By the control of the negative feedback closed loop system of operational amplifier A, field effect transistor Q, sample resistance S1 composition, make the voltage waveform on sample resistance S1 and V
cidentical, therefore power supply exports and V
cidentical current waveform.
As shown in figure 12, be frequency sweep phasor analysis function structure chart.Frequency sweep phasor analysis module comprises digital logic device, test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected digital logic device by input signal conditioning circuit with analog to digital conversion circuit respectively successively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, and digital logic device is connected small area analysis excitation load blocks or open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module by D/A converting circuit with output signal conditioning circuit successively, the phasor that test frequency voltage phasor extraction module and test frequency electric current phasor extraction module export nurses one's health suitable scope respectively through input signal conditioning circuit, be transformed into digital signal through high-speed A/D conversion circuit (AD), inputing to FPGA or DSP etc. can the digital logic device of high speed processing digital signal, digital logic device comprises the DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit be connected with clock chip, DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit inside digital logic device can the two-way frequency of output orthogonal be the signal of ω, is expressed as sin (ω t) and cos (ω t), DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit connects sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively by multiplier, the two-way frequency that DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit exports is send into sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively again after the orthogonal signal sin (ω t) of ω is multiplied by multiplier with current digital signal I (t) with voltage digital signal U (t) inputing to digital logic device respectively with cos (ω t), sine integral module and integral cosine model calling phasor division arithmetic module, U (t) and I (t) are multiplied with cos (ω t) with sin (ω t) respectively, then multicycle integration is carried out, obtain: I1=∫ U (t) * cos (ω t) dt, Q1=∫ U (t) * sin (ω t) dt, I2=∫ I (t) * cos (ω t) dt, Q2=∫ I (t) * sin (ω t) dt,
The frequency that can extract complex representation is thus the voltage phasor of ω and electric current phasor (I1+jQ1) and (I2+jQ2), through the computing that plural number is divided by, obtains the ratio of depanning | Z| and differential seat angle θ; Phasor division arithmetic module is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, result of calculation is exported to computer for controlling and carries out storing and post-processed; DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit also linking number analog conversion circuit and output signal conditioning circuit successively, be that sin (ω t) signal or cos (ω t) signal of ω exports to D/A converting circuit by the frequency of generation, through output signal conditioning circuit, the signal that the signal output part S as frequency sweep phasor analysis module holds exports source; DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, by the output frequency of computer for controlling control DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit.
What direct supply output impedance measuring method of the present invention realized is, for a pair measurand that direct supply and load are formed, measured direct supply output impedance is defined in concrete working point (DC voltage and DC current determined of power work in rated range), concrete testing section, the equiva lent impedance presented viewed from the direction of power supply from testing section, effectively overcomes the system deviation of the measuring process caused due to the impact of load input impedance.Measuring method of the present invention is, on the working point that tested power supply and load are set up, the power source bus that tested power supply is connected with load chooses testing section, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, the sinusoidal signal being ω by the frequency of the signal output part output certain amplitude of frequency sweep phasor analysis module encourages load blocks as excitation to small area analysis, small area analysis is made to encourage load blocks to introduce at the load end of tested power supply the sine-wave current load that a frequency is ω, this sine-wave current load is equivalent to the very little controllable resistor of a power on Power supply belt, from power supply current drawn, reach object power supply being applied to disturbance, be amplitude and the phase place of the voltage signal of ω from the frequency that the voltage sample end testing section extracts tested both ends of power by test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω by test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, be sent to voltage input end and the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively, being extracted by the frequency of complex representation by frequency sweep phasor analysis module is voltage phasor and the electric current phasor of ω, through the computing that plural number is divided by, calculates ratio and the differential seat angle of the mould of voltage phasor and electric current phasor, according to the data at the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration, measurement result is revised again, finally draw the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling is communicated with frequency sweep phasor analysis module by communication interface, and control the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module, the Output rusults of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed.
Described basis comprises the step that measurement result is revised in the data of the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration; 1) tested power supply and load are all disconnected from power source bus, encourage load blocks to disconnect from power source bus small area analysis simultaneously; 2) by being connected to the open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module output drive signal of load end to testing section; 3) when the voltage sample end of testing section keeps open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load respectively, resistance value when open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load is measured respectively; 4) according to these data, the measurement result of tested power supply output impedance is revised.
By the measurement data of open circuit, short circuit to the formula that measurement result is revised be
Z
xmfor the measured value of measurand; Z
omvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during open circuit; Z
smvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during short circuit; Z
xfor the resistance value of revised measurand;
By the measurement data of connection standard load to the method that measurement result is revised be: the standard termination measured value of each frequency recorded during voltage sample end connection standard load by testing section and the nominal value of each frequency of standard termination are compared, obtain correction factor, this correction factor makes the resistance value finally shown during measurement standard load follow the nominal value of standard termination consistent, revises later measured value according to this correction factor.
It should be pointed out that the above embodiment can make the invention of those skilled in the art's comprehend, but do not limit the present invention in any way creation.Therefore, although this instructions and embodiment have been described in detail to the invention, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that and still can modify to the invention or equivalent replacement; And all do not depart from technical scheme and the improvement thereof of the spirit and scope of the present invention, it is all encompassed in the middle of the protection domain of the invention patent.
Claims (9)
1. a direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism, is characterized in that, comprises test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, small area analysis excitation load blocks, frequency sweep phasor analysis module and computer for controlling; Described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected voltage input end and the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, the signal output part of described frequency sweep phasor analysis module connects small area analysis excitation load blocks, and described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is also connected with computer for controlling; described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected to the voltage sample end connecting the testing section that the power source bus of load is chosen at tested power supply, extract amplitude and phase place that tested both ends of power frequency is the voltage signal of ω, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module adopts cordless to extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω, described small area analysis excitation load blocks is connected to the load end of tested power supply, the frequency being exported certain amplitude by described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is the sinusoidal excitation signal of ω, introduce one at the load end of tested power supply and the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω is applied to power supply, described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is according to the amplitude of voltage signal received and the amplitude of phase place and current signal and phase place, calculate the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling controls the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module and the result of calculation of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed,
Described frequency sweep phasor analysis module comprises digital logic device, described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module is connected described digital logic device by input signal conditioning circuit with analog to digital conversion circuit respectively successively with test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, and described digital logic device is connected described small area analysis excitation load blocks by D/A converting circuit with output signal conditioning circuit successively, described digital logic device comprises the DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit be connected with clock chip, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit connects sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively by multiplier, the two-way frequency that DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit exports is send into sine integral module and integral cosine module respectively again after the orthogonal signal sin (ω t) of ω is multiplied with current digital signal I (t) with voltage digital signal U (t) inputing to digital logic device respectively with cos (ω t), described sine integral module and integral cosine model calling phasor division arithmetic module, described phasor division arithmetic module is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit also connects described D/A converting circuit, is that sin (ω t) signal or cos (ω t) signal of ω exports to D/A converting circuit by the frequency of generation, described DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit is connected with computer for controlling by communication interface, by the output frequency of computer for controlling control DDS direct digital frequency synthesier unit.
2. direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the signal output part of described frequency sweep phasor analysis module also connects open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module, described open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module carrying out opening a way/short circuit/load calibration time be connected to load end, in tested power supply and load and small area analysis excitation load blocks all from output drive signal after power source bus disconnects to testing section; Described open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module comprises negative feedback operational amplifier; the positive input terminal of operational amplifier connects signal output part and the delivery value of frequency sweep phasor analysis module by totalizer and adds DC bias circuit; the output terminal series diode of operational amplifier; the electrode input end of diode connects pressure limited protection circuit, and the cathode output end of diode passes through the voltage sample end in calibration switch connecting test cross section.
3. direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described test frequency voltage phasor extraction module comprises the first capacitance and the second capacitance that are connected with testing section voltage sample end, first capacitance and the second capacitance are connected the first signal input buffer circuit and secondary signal input buffer circuit respectively, first signal input buffer circuit is connected differential amplifier circuit again with secondary signal input buffer circuit simultaneously, and differential amplifier circuit connects the voltage input end of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
4. direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, described low-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of high magnetic permeability, described current transformer is wound with respectively secondary induction winding and direct current setoff winding, described secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module, described direct current compensates for winding and is connected DC current measurement device by the DC circuit driving circuit connected successively with low-pass filter circuit, described DC current measurement device converts voltage signal to the bus current signal recorded, after low-pass filter circuit filtering alternating component, then compensate for the DC current that winding exports the magnetic induction density that a DC current offsetting power source bus produces in current transformer to direct current by DC circuit driving circuit.
5. direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, described high-frequency test frequency electric current phasor extraction module comprises a current transformer made by the magnet ring of low magnetic permeability, described current transformer is wound with secondary induction winding, described secondary induction winding connects current-to-voltage converting circuit and signal condition and frequency compensated circuit successively, signal condition and frequency compensated circuit connect the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module.
6. direct supply output impedance measurement mechanism according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, the digital logic device of described frequency sweep phasor analysis module is connected described open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module by D/A converting circuit with output signal conditioning circuit successively.
7. a direct supply output impedance measuring method, it is characterized in that, set up the working point of tested power supply and load, the power source bus that tested power supply is connected with load chooses testing section, described testing section is towards the square section that power supply direction is seen between tested power supply and load, the sinusoidal signal being ω by the frequency of the output terminal output certain amplitude of frequency sweep phasor analysis module encourages load blocks as excitation to small area analysis, make small area analysis encourage load blocks to introduce one at the load end of tested power supply and the sine-wave current load that the frequency of disturbance is ω is applied to power supply, be amplitude and the phase place of the voltage signal of ω from the frequency that the voltage sample end testing section extracts tested both ends of power by test frequency voltage phasor extraction module, extract from power source bus amplitude and the phase place that the frequency flowing to tested power supply by testing section is the current signal of ω by test frequency electric current phasor extraction module, be sent to voltage input end and the current input terminal of frequency sweep phasor analysis module respectively, ratio and the differential seat angle of the mould of voltage phasor and electric current phasor is calculated by frequency sweep phasor analysis module, according to the data at the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration, measurement result is revised again, finally draw the tested power supply of described testing section in frequencies omega time the range value of output impedance and phase value, computer for controlling is communicated with frequency sweep phasor analysis module by communication interface, and control the output frequency ω of frequency sweep phasor analysis module, the Output rusults of receiving frequency-sweeping phasor analysis module carries out storing and post-processed.
8. direct supply output impedance measuring method according to claim 7, is characterized in that, described basis comprises the step that measurement result is revised in the data of the open circuit of frequencies omega, short circuit, load calibration:
1) tested power supply and load are all disconnected from power source bus, encourage load blocks to disconnect from power source bus small area analysis simultaneously; 2) by being connected to the open circuit/short circuit/load calibration pumping signal output module output drive signal of load end to testing section; 3) when the voltage sample end of testing section keeps open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load respectively, resistance value when open circuit, short circuit, connection standard load is measured respectively; 4) according to these data, the measurement result of tested power supply output impedance is revised.
9. direct supply output impedance measuring method according to claim 8, is characterized in that, by the measurement data of open circuit, short circuit to the formula that measurement result is revised is
Z
xmfor the measured value of measurand; Z
omvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during open circuit; Z
smvoltage sample end for testing section keeps measured value during short circuit; Z
xfor the resistance value of revised measurand.
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