CN101846389B - Air source heat pump water heater - Google Patents

Air source heat pump water heater Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101846389B
CN101846389B CN2009100330617A CN200910033061A CN101846389B CN 101846389 B CN101846389 B CN 101846389B CN 2009100330617 A CN2009100330617 A CN 2009100330617A CN 200910033061 A CN200910033061 A CN 200910033061A CN 101846389 B CN101846389 B CN 101846389B
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compressor
heat exchanger
water heater
air source
temperature
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2009100330617A
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CN101846389A (en
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俞卫刚
欧阳录春
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Suzhou University
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Suzhou University
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Abstract

The invention discloses an air source heat pump water heater which comprises a refrigerating loop, a hot water loop and a controller, wherein an exhaust port of a compressor is connected with a main pipe orifice D of a four-way valve, and is connected with a liquid inlet hole of a heat exchanger through a valve pipe orifice C; a liquid outlet hole of the heat exchanger is connected with an inlet of an evaporator through a throttling device; an outlet of the evaporator is connected with a pipe orifice E of the four-way valve, and is connected with a suction hole of the compressor through a valve hole S; the air source heat pump water heater is characterized in that the compressor is a variable frequency compressor; an auxiliary cooling pipeline is connected between an air suction pipeline of the compressor and a liquid outlet of the heat exchanger; the pipeline is formed by connecting an electromagnetic valve and a liquid spray capillary tube; an exhaust pipeline of the compressor is provided with a row of temperature sensors; and the row of temperature sensors are used for measuring the temperature for controlling the electromagnetic valve to be opened and closed. By adopting the variable frequency compressor and being matched with the auxiliary cooling pipeline, the air source heat pump water heater leads the compressor to work normally in the environment with low temperature, ensures the hot water supply to be stabler, and has wider application scope.

Description

Air source hot pump water heater
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of water heater, be specifically related to a kind of air source hot pump water heater.
Background technology
Water heater generally is divided into several kinds of fuel-firing gas-firing water heater, electrical heating water heater, solar water heater, air source hot pump water heaters etc. at present; The fuel-firing gas-firing water heater is a kind of water heater that adds hot water through mineral such as combustion fluid gasification, natural gas, kerosene, alcohol or organic-fuel; Thereby such water heater receives the influence of factors such as fluctuation of burning degree and the hydraulic pressure of fuel to cause fluctuating temperature bigger easily; And under the situation of oxygen supply deficiency; Be easy to generate toxic gases such as carbon monoxide; Possibly cause poisoning to take place when having very big injury serious to human body, the more important thing is needs to consume a large amount of a large amount of non-renewable resources of needs consumption, and use cost is higher, also bigger to ambient influnence.The electrical heating water heater is a kind of through consuming the water heater that high-grade electric energy adds hot water, and the water heater of the type uses more convenient, but lower to the service efficiency of electric energy, and the potential safety hazard of electric shock is arranged easily.Solar water heater is that a kind of vacuum tube that utilizes is collected the water heater that solar energy adds hot water; The water heater of the type; Environmentally friendly and operating cost is low, but that the water heater of the type is affected by weather conditions is bigger, and the weather little at intensity of sunshines such as cloudy day, rainy days just is difficult to normal the use; Thereby general solar water heater all has auxiliary electric heater unit, and solar water heater exists the defective same with the electrical heating water heater like this.
Air source hot pump water heater is that the contrary Carnot cycle principle of a kind of utilization is from the natural environment draw heat; And consume the water heater that a spot of electric energy raises its temperature energy transmission feedwater; Air source hot pump water heater is claimed Teat pump boiler again; Different with other power consumption water heater is; It is high that the electric energy of air source hot pump water heater consumption is intended for power and the service efficiency of transmitting energy, and the heat that hot water obtains is the heat sum that Teat pump boiler heat that from environment, obtains and the electric energy that is consumed transform.The water heater of the type obtains a large amount of heat energy through consuming a spot of electric energy from natural environment, energy-saving efficiency is more than 4 times of electric heater, and is also more energy-conservation than solar water heater; Thereby operating cost is low; And, not environmentally friendly to any harmful substance of environmental emission, realized electricity separation simultaneously; Thereby avoid the generation of electric shock accidents, use safer.
Just because above-mentioned advantage air source hot pump water heater more and more receives people's welcome; The field of using also more and more widely; Generally include at least one by compressor, solenoid operated four-way valve, heat exchanger, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter along the heat pump refrigerating loop that the cold-producing medium circulating direction is linked in sequence and forms, heat exchanger is arranged in the main water box, is used for the water of heating water tank; Usually be provided with water inlet pipe and outlet pipe on the main water box; Evaporimeter absorbs heat from atmosphere, and the heat exchanger heat release in the water tank is to heating from the water that water inlet pipe supplies in the water tank through circulating pump.At present, the compressor in the refrigerant loop is invariable frequency compressor, that is to say that compressor rotary speed is constant basically, adjusts power output to drive, to stop compressor, thereby has following defective:
1. can not adapt under the wide loading condiction and move; Because fixed air source water heater frequently is the unlatching of controlling compressor through the coolant-temperature gage difference in Inlet and outlet water temperature difference or the water tank; Under the little situation of extraneous water requirement, be easy to cause the high frequent start and stop; The energy consumption of system is increased, and influence the service life of compressor.Though under the big situation of extraneous water requirement, decide the compressor continuous operation of frequency, because the capacity limit of compressor can not realize the quick rising of water temperature;
2. can not realize stable operation in the wide temperature range; Under the lower situation of environment temperature; Fixed Teat pump boiler frequently normally starts difficulty; And cause excessive discharge temperature easily and shut down that under the environment temperature condition with higher, fixed Teat pump boiler frequently causes delivery temperature and pressure at expulsion superelevation easily and shuts down;
3. common invariable frequency compressor adopts asynchronous induction motor, have iron loss, so transformation efficiency is lower, and the starting current of deciding the frequency compression machine simultaneously is bigger, and is very big to the impact of electrical network, and can influence the normal use of other electrical equipment that moving;
4. can not under the low condition of environment temperature, move; Cold-producing medium will absorb itself temperature of heat from surrounding air just must be lower than environment temperature, so environment temperature is low more, and the evaporating temperature of cold-producing medium also just needs lower; Corresponding evaporating pressure is also just low more; Although the constancy of volume of the cold-producing medium that invariable frequency compressor is sucked in operation process, the steam pressure of the cold-producing medium that is sucked is low, and therefore the quality with the cold-producing medium that is comprised in the isometric(al) reduces; The mass flow that is the cold-producing medium of compressor reduces, and the heating capacity of Teat pump boiler is directly proportional with the mass flow of cold-producing medium.Research shows, when environment temperature-20 ℃, heating capacity can only reach about the 20%-30% of declared working condition; And because the work temperature difference constantly enlarges; The efficient of Teat pump boiler is also more and more lower, and so not only heating capacity can not satisfy customer requirements, and has lost its superiority efficiently.
Summary of the invention
But the object of the invention provide a kind of under various environment temperatures equal air source hot pump water heaters of effective operation, use this structure, widened the scope of application of Teat pump boiler, and the efficiency of heating surface is more reliable and stable, power consumption is lower, prolongs complete machine service life.
For achieving the above object; The technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: a kind of air source hot pump water heater, comprise refrigerating circuit, hot-water return and controller, and said refrigerating circuit comprises compressor, cross valve, heat exchanger, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter; The exhaust outlet of said compressor is responsible for a mouthful D with said cross valve and is connected; Be connected with the inlet of said heat exchanger through cross valve mouth of pipe C, the liquid outlet of heat exchanger is connected with said evaporator through said throttling arrangement, and evaporator outlet is connected with the E mouth of pipe of cross valve; Be connected with the air entry of said compressor through cross valve S mouth; Said compressor is a frequency-changeable compressor, inserts an auxiliary temperature-reducing pipeline between the suction line of this compressor and said heat exchanger liquid outlet, and this pipeline is made up of a magnetic valve and hydrojet capillary serial connection; The gas exhaust piping of said compressor is provided with an exhaust gas temperature sensor, records the keying that temperature is controlled said magnetic valve by this exhaust gas temperature sensor.
In the technique scheme, said hot-water return has comprised water tank and has been positioned at the inlet and outlet pipe of water tank both sides, can adopt prior art.Said compressor is frequency-changeable compressor (DC frequency-changing or an AC frequency conversion); Confirm the running frequency of frequency-changeable compressor according to the rate of change that records the temperature difference between inlet tube and outlet tube in the hot-water return and inflow temperature; Under the less situation of external load; Compressor adopts low-frequency operation, thereby has avoided the such frequent start and stop of invariable frequency compressor; Under the bigger situation of external load, compressor adopts the high frequency operation, can improve coolant-temperature gage rapidly like this.Therefore, make the operation that the present invention is can be in wideer temperature range stable.For frequency-changeable compressor can normally be moved under low temperature environment, owing under low temperature environment, need from surrounding air, absorb more heating capacity; The evaporating temperature of cold-producing medium also just needs lower (needing more cold-producing medium); The heat that causes compressor electric motor high frequency operation back to produce is too high, although but frequency-changeable compressor at low temperatures pumping come the cooling compressor motor than the more cold-producing medium of invariable frequency compressor in the past, these cold-producing mediums also are not enough to complete cooling motor; Thereby need draw part of refrigerant at hot water heat exchanger's drain pipe place and come cooling compressor to prevent that delivery temperature from raising unusually; Liquid outlet at heat exchanger inserts an auxiliary temperature-reducing pipeline for this reason, is made up of a magnetic valve and a hydrojet capillary, and the other end capillaceous is connected on the air intake duct of compressor; Be equipped with the exhaust gas temperature sensor on gas exhaust piping; Determine whether opens solenoid valve, its process is: when delivery temperature was higher than uniform temperature (presetting temperature), magnetic valve was opened; The hydrojet capillary carries out hydrojet to the air intake duct of compressor; Closed electromagnetic valve stops hydrojet when delivery temperature is lower than certain value, thereby can prevent to burn because of excessive discharge temperature causes compressor, and the present invention can be operated in the low temperature environment.
In the technique scheme, be connected in series a two-way fluid reservoir between the liquid outlet of said heat exchanger and the said throttling arrangement.Because frequency-changeable compressor is dynamic change as required, the needed refrigerant flow of unit is also constantly changing, and therefore a two-way fluid reservoir is set collects unnecessary cold-producing medium.
In the technique scheme; Said hot-water return comprises water tank and is arranged at the water return pipeline and the outlet pipeline at water tank two ends; Said water return pipeline is provided with water circulating pump; Said heat exchanger is positioned at said water tank, and nearly import department is provided with the return water temperature sensor at water return pipeline, and the nearly exit of outlet pipeline is provided with the leaving water temperature sensor.
In the technique scheme, said throttling arrangement can be a kind of in capillary, throttle pipe and the electric expansion valve, and the two ends that are positioned at throttling arrangement are respectively equipped with a filter.The impurity of liquid or gas in the filter filtering pipeline is in order to avoid stop up throttling arrangement.
In the technique scheme, nearly said heat exchanger liquid outlet place is provided with a heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor.Cause its temperature anomaly superelevation in order to prevent heat exchanger because of the discharge deficiency; Perhaps discharge is not enough and cause coolant-temperature gage to cross low even in heat exchanger, freeze and damage heat exchanger when defrost; Therefore heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor is set at the liquid outlet place of heat exchanger; When the temperature of heat exchanger surpassed or is lower than uniform temperature, compressor reduced frequency even shutdown.
Optimized technical scheme is that said compressor is a DC frequency-changeable compressor.What DC frequency-changeable compressor adopted is DC Brushless Motor, generates interior flux by permanent magnet, forms magnetic flux compared to the asynchronous motor of AC frequency conversion by the electric current that the outside gets into; Not because of generation losses such as resistance; Therefore efficient is high, in addition, does not have the electromagnetic induction effect of stator rotating excitation field to rotor; Also just avoid electromagnetic noise, reduced the working-noise of compressor.
In the technique scheme, the middle part of said evaporimeter is furnished with an evaporimeter liquid pipe temperature sensor, and blower fan is positioned at the front of said evaporimeter, and at air intake place, the back of evaporimeter one environment temperature sensor is set.
In the technique scheme, the gas exhaust piping of said compressor is provided with high-voltage switch gear, and its suction line is provided with low tension switch.Raise in order to prevent pressure anomaly, on the gas exhaust piping of compressor, high-voltage switch gear is set,, on the suction line of compressor, low tension switch is set simultaneously also in order to prevent compressor long-play under scarce fluorine or other low pressure conditions.
The course of work of the present invention is: when the coolant-temperature gage that detects return water temperature and setting when the controller of unit has the uniform temperature difference; The water pump of unit brings into operation; After several seconds, blower fan is selected the operation of suitable windscreen according to environment temperature, at fan operation after a period of time; The frequency-changeable compressor low-frequency start; Run to fundamental frequency then, after fundamental frequency operation a period of time, confirm the final running frequency of unit again according to the rate of change of the difference of set water temperature and return water temperature and return water temperature.When environment temperature is higher, can confirm the suitable frequency of operation of compressor according to the return water temperature rate of change; Cause pressure at expulsion and temperature too high thereby the flow that can avoid cold-producing medium like this is excessive; The too high excessive coil heating that causes of running current of compressor that causes easily of Compressor Discharge Pressure burns; Excessive discharge temperature causes the lubricating oil carbonization of compressor to cause that the wearing and tearing of compressor moving component cause the gas transmission coefficient decreased easily, and too high delivery temperature also causes the coil burnout of compressor easily; Compressor then moves at high frequency according to concrete needs when environment temperature is lower; Like this can the more cold-producing medium of pumping; From surrounding air, absorb more heating capacity; Under the environment that the not low tender feeling of ordinary hot pump water heater can normally be moved, the high frequency running of frequency-changeable compressor can guarantee that unit obtains more heat and improves coolant-temperature gage, thereby satisfies concrete needs especially.Frequency-changeable compressor is compressed into high temperature and high pressure gas with low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant; Getting into heat exchanger and water then carries out being condensed into highly pressurised liquid after water is heated in heat exchange; Liquid refrigerant passes through throttling arrangement; Low-temp low-pressure gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium after the throttling gets into evaporimeter, and gas-liquid two-phase cold-producing medium and ambient air temperature carry out whole gaseous refrigerants after the heat exchange in evaporimeter, get into compressor again and carry out new circulation.
Because the technique scheme utilization, the present invention compared with prior art has advantage:
1. the present invention adopts frequency-changeable compressor, and running frequency is regulated variation according to the difference of set water temperature and return water temperature and the rate of change of return water temperature, and under the less situation of external load, compressor adopts low-frequency operation, thereby has avoided frequent start and stop; Under the bigger situation of external load, compressor adopts the high frequency operation, can improve coolant-temperature gage rapidly like this, thereby it is fixed that the heating water temperature is more weighed, can be in wideer temperature range stable operation;
2. because DC frequency-changeable compressor is to adopt low-frequency start, so starting current is smaller, and is less to the impulse ratio of electrical network, do not influence the operation of other electrical equipment, and energy consumption is low, and noise is little, the compressor longer service life;
3. introduce an auxiliary pipeline that falls at heat exchanger liquid outlet place; Be connected in series with the hydrojet capillary by magnetic valve and constitute, the other end capillaceous is connected with the compressor air suction pipeline, is equipped with the exhaust gas temperature sensor on the compressor air-discharging pipeline; Determine whether opens solenoid valve according to recording delivery temperature; Thereby can prevent to burn, make the compression function be operated in the low temperature environment, the environment for use temperature range of expansion water heater because of excessive discharge temperature causes compressor.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention one.
Wherein: 1, compressor; 2, exhaust gas temperature sensor; 3, high-voltage switch gear; 4, cross valve; 5, heat exchanger; 6, leaving water temperature sensor; 7, return water temperature sensor; 8, water circulating pump; 9, heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor; 10, two-way fluid reservoir; 11, filter; 12, throttling arrangement; 13, magnetic valve; 14, hydrojet capillary; 15, evaporimeter; 16, blower fan; 17, evaporimeter liquid pipe temperature sensor; 18, environment temperature sensor; 19, low tension switch; 20, suction temperature sensor.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention is further described:
Embodiment one: referring to shown in Figure 1; A kind of air source hot pump water heater; Comprise refrigerating circuit, hot-water return and controller, said refrigerating circuit comprises DC frequency-changeable compressor 1, solenoid operated four-way valve 4, heat exchanger 5, throttling arrangement 12, evaporimeter 15, and the exhaust outlet of said compressor 1 is responsible for a mouthful D with said solenoid operated four-way valve 4 and is connected; Be connected with the inlet of said heat exchanger 5 through cross valve 4 mouth of pipe C; The liquid outlet of heat exchanger 5 is connected with said throttling arrangement 12 electric expansion valves through a two-way fluid reservoir 10, and on the two ends pipeline of electric expansion valve a filter 11 is set respectively, is connected in said evaporimeter 15 imports again; Evaporimeter 15 outlets are connected with the E mouth of pipe of cross valve 4, are connected with the air entry of said compressor 1 through valve S mouth; Said hot-water return comprises water tank and is arranged at the water return pipeline and the outlet pipeline at water tank two ends; Said water return pipeline is provided with water circulating pump 8; Said heat exchanger 5 is positioned at said water tank; Nearly import department is provided with return water temperature sensor 7 at water return pipeline, and the nearly exit of outlet pipeline is provided with leaving water temperature sensor 6; Between the suction line of compressor and said heat exchanger liquid outlet, insert an auxiliary temperature-reducing pipeline; This pipeline is made up of a magnetic valve 13 and a hydrojet capillary 14 serial connections; The gas exhaust piping of said compressor 1 is provided with an exhaust gas temperature sensor 2, records the keying that temperature is controlled said magnetic valve 13 by this exhaust gas temperature sensor 2.
As shown in Figure 1, nearly said heat exchanger 5 liquid outlet places are provided with a heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor 9.When recording the temperature anomaly superelevation, this sensor (causes) because of discharge is not enough; Or record temperature and cross low even when in heat exchanger 5, freezing (discharge is not enough when defrost); Operate in low frequency state or shutdown by controller control compressor 1, protect heat exchanger 5 with this.The middle part of said evaporimeter 15 is furnished with an evaporimeter liquid pipe temperature sensor 17; Blower fan 16 is positioned at the front of said evaporimeter 15; And one environment temperature sensor 18 is set at air intake place, the back of evaporimeter 15; Adopt the machine of keeping out the wind 16 more; The temperature that records according to environment temperature sensor 18 is confirmed the gear of blower fan 16, and the aperture of electric expansion valve is confirmed a basic aperture according to the running frequency of compressor 1 earlier, and then records the difference that temperature and suction temperature sensor 20 record temperature according to liquid pipe temperature sensor 17 temperature at evaporimeter 15 middle parts and carry out the aperture adjusting.
In the use:
When (1) normally heating water running; The low-temp low-pressure gas refrigerant becomes high temperature and high pressure gas through after the compression of DC frequency-changeable compressor 1; Get into then among the hot water heat exchanger 5 with water tank in water carry out heat exchange and water temperature raise, carry out water after the heat exchange and be recycled water pump 8 and be pumped into hot water through outlet pipeline and make use (water storage box or be used for the pipeline of floor heating), the cold-producing medium that carries out after the heat exchange with water becomes highly pressurised liquid; Get into then in the two-way fluid reservoir 10; After the electric expansion valve throttling, become gas-fluid two-phase mixture, in the inflow evaporator 15, and therein with environment in air carry out heat exchange; Heat in the absorbing air makes the liquid refrigerant in the gas-liquid mixture be converted into gaseous state, in getting into DC frequency-changeable compressor 1, carries out new cyclic process then.
When (2) operating in the low temperature environment, as record environment temperature for-15 ℃ the time, this moment, DC frequency-changeable compressor 1 was operated under the high frequency state; Can supply with more cold-producing medium with this, cause compressor 1 motor to run up, for the cold-producing medium of enough cooling motors is provided; Draw part of refrigerant at the drain pipe place of heat exchanger 5 and come cooling compressor 1 to prevent that delivery temperature from raising unusually, the liquid outlet at heat exchanger 5 inserts an auxiliary temperature-reducing pipeline for this reason, is made up of a magnetic valve 13 and a hydrojet capillary 14; The other end capillaceous is connected on the air intake duct of compressor 1, is equipped with the exhaust gas temperature sensor 2 on gas exhaust piping, when recording delivery temperature and be higher than uniform temperature (presetting temperature); Controller drives magnetic valve 13 and opens, and hydrojet capillary 14 carries out hydrojet to the air intake duct of compressor 1, when recording delivery temperature and be lower than setting value; Controller drives magnetic valve 13 and cuts out; Stop hydrojet, thereby can prevent that temperature is too high and cause compressor 1 to burn, adapt to low-temperature working environment needs.

Claims (8)

1. air source hot pump water heater; Comprise refrigerating circuit, hot-water return and controller; Said refrigerating circuit comprises compressor, cross valve, heat exchanger, throttling arrangement, evaporimeter, and the exhaust outlet of said compressor is responsible for mouth with said cross valve and is connected, and is connected with the inlet of said heat exchanger through cross valve mouth of pipe C; The liquid outlet of heat exchanger is connected with said evaporator through said throttling arrangement; Evaporator outlet is connected with the E mouth of pipe of cross valve, is connected with the air entry of said compressor through cross valve S mouth, it is characterized in that: said compressor is a frequency-changeable compressor; Insert an auxiliary temperature-reducing pipeline between the suction line of this compressor and said heat exchanger liquid outlet; This pipeline is made up of a magnetic valve and hydrojet capillary serial connection, and the gas exhaust piping of said compressor is provided with an exhaust gas temperature sensor, records the keying that temperature is controlled said magnetic valve by this exhaust gas temperature sensor.
2. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be connected in series a two-way fluid reservoir between the liquid outlet of said heat exchanger and the said throttling arrangement.
3. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said hot-water return comprises water tank and is arranged at the water return pipeline and the outlet pipeline at water tank two ends; Said water return pipeline is provided with water circulating pump; Said heat exchanger is positioned at said water tank, and nearly import department is provided with the return water temperature sensor at water return pipeline, and the nearly exit of outlet pipeline is provided with the leaving water temperature sensor.
4. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said throttling arrangement can be a kind of in capillary, throttle pipe and the electric expansion valve, and the two ends that are positioned at throttling arrangement are respectively equipped with a filter.
5. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: nearly said heat exchanger liquid outlet place is provided with a heat exchanger liquid pipe temperature sensor.
6. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: said compressor is a DC frequency-changeable compressor.
7. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: the middle part of said evaporimeter is furnished with an evaporimeter liquid pipe temperature sensor; Blower fan is positioned at the front of said evaporimeter, and at air intake place, the back of evaporimeter one environment temperature sensor is set.
8. air source hot pump water heater according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the gas exhaust piping of said compressor is provided with high-voltage switch gear, and its suction line is provided with low tension switch.
CN2009100330617A 2009-06-11 2009-06-11 Air source heat pump water heater Expired - Fee Related CN101846389B (en)

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CN104566961A (en) * 2014-11-26 2015-04-29 江门市凯立信电气科技有限公司 Heat-pump water heater capable of keeping water temperature constant
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CN105091352B (en) * 2015-09-29 2018-03-20 广东美的暖通设备有限公司 Control method and device for air-source water heater
CN110145883A (en) * 2019-05-23 2019-08-20 青岛澳柯玛智慧冷链有限公司 A kind of multi-stage heat exchanger water cooling system for built-in showcase
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Address after: Suzhou City, Jiangsu province 215137 Xiangcheng District Ji Road No. 8

Patentee after: Soochow University

Patentee after: Ouyang Luchun

Address before: 215123 Suzhou City, Suzhou Province Industrial Park, No. love road, No. 199

Patentee before: Soochow University

Patentee before: Ouyang Luchun

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20120523

Termination date: 20180611

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee