CN101845657A - 涂层装置 - Google Patents

涂层装置 Download PDF

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CN101845657A
CN101845657A CN201010176660A CN201010176660A CN101845657A CN 101845657 A CN101845657 A CN 101845657A CN 201010176660 A CN201010176660 A CN 201010176660A CN 201010176660 A CN201010176660 A CN 201010176660A CN 101845657 A CN101845657 A CN 101845657A
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coating device
described coating
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沃尔夫冈·格兰茨
彼得·霍林
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D1/00Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements
    • F16D1/02Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like
    • F16D1/033Couplings for rigidly connecting two coaxial shafts or other movable machine elements for connecting two abutting shafts or the like by clamping together two faces perpendicular to the axis of rotation, e.g. with bolted flanges
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/10Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
    • C25D5/12Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25DPROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/615Microstructure of the layers, e.g. mixed structure
    • C25D5/617Crystalline layers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24479Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
    • Y10T428/24612Composite web or sheet
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24942Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
    • Y10T428/24983Hardness
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/25Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and including a second component containing structurally defined particles
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678Of metal

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种涂层装置,包括下列特征:一个涂层载体,在涂层载体的至少一个表面上布置一层莫氏硬度大于等于9的颗粒,涂层近似由一层颗粒构成和涂层用电镀涂覆的金属材料固定在表面上。

Description

涂层装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种涂层装置。
背景技术
由现有技术公知有一系列提高摩擦的涂层,但对于某些应用而言,由此可以达到的静摩擦系数一如既往地能够提高。
发明内容
因此,本发明所要解决的技术问题是创造一种改进的涂层装置,用该涂层装置可达到特别高的静摩擦系数。
按本发明的涂层装置包括下列特征:
-一涂层载体,
-在该涂层载体的至少一个表面上布置有一层莫氏硬度大于等于9的颗粒,
-所述涂层近似是由一层颗粒形成,并且
-所述涂层通过电镀涂覆的金属材料固定在表面上。
先通过在一个或几个层中颗粒的精确涂覆的连接,以及接着通过电镀涂覆的金属,尤其是镍固定颗粒,使得近似固定一层颗粒层,其中在涂覆多个层时将多余的层在固定后例如通过刷子清除,可实现这样一个涂层,在该涂层中例如从镍层突出的颗粒区域超过涂层表面的25%,甚至至涂层表面的40%,因此最终可实现大于0.7甚至超过0.8的高静摩擦系数。在此,“近似单层”是指涂层表面的大部分,特别是大于75%的涂层表面实际上仅固定一层颗粒,仅仅在涂层表面更小的分区内也可以附着多层,特别是两层颗粒。
在一种具有优点的构成中,固定层由电镀涂覆的镍构成,从而例如为涂层载体同时产生一种防腐蚀和其他环境影响的出色保护层。
在一种有利的实施形式中,涂层载体设计为比设置用于和涂层装置配对挤压的配对件具有更大的莫氏硬度和/或更大的抗拉强度,因此突出于涂层的颗粒范围依照意愿地压入到配对件中,并且颗粒之下的涂层以及颗粒之下的涂层载体的区域相比压入到配对件中只略微地变形。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点、特征和细节由在下面参照附图说明的实施形式得出。在附图中示出:
图1是两个轴部件的刚性联轴器与两个法兰状的轴端之间的孔板状的构件的局部剖切的纵向剖面图以及
图2是图1所示的孔板状构件的正视图,在该构件上涂覆有涂层。
具体实施方式
图1示出作为本发明实施例的一个刚性联轴器的局部纵剖面图。该联轴器在此包括两个相互连接的空心轴形的轴部件10和20,例如属于风力发电设备的主轴。两个轴部件10和20在此在其相互连接的轴端处呈凸缘状地扩展。在两个凸缘状扩展部之间设置一个具有涂层的孔板式构件。如图2所示,孔板式构件在此划分成多个扇形分部件50,其中,每个分部件50包括三个孔52。与孔板式构件的孔52相应,两个轴部件10和20的两个凸缘也设计有相应的贯通孔,在另一种结构中,轴部件10或者20之一也设计有盲孔,从而可穿过孔52将两个凸缘状轴端与设置在其间的孔板式构件螺栓连接。在一种实施方式中,在此在孔板式构件的环周上设有编码装置,例如齿,从而由此可以检测轴的转速。
为使两个凸缘状轴端尽可能相互固定连接,孔板式构件至少在其在涂层装置框架内的两个端面上设计有涂层。孔板式构件在此包括一个涂层载体,其由抗拉强度约处于600到800MPa之间的钢构成。然后这样来磨削涂层载体的端面表面,即,使该表面具有Ra≤0.2μm的粗糙度和通过磨削产生的沟槽式凹陷部相对于环绕各自凹陷部的表面周围具有小于等于4μm的深度和小于等于6μm的开口尺寸。
特别是通过例如这样磨削涂层载体的表面,即,使沟槽式的凹陷部相对于环绕各自凹陷部的表面周围具有小于约10%的涂层厚度的深度和/或小于约15%的涂层厚度的开口尺寸,确保了涂层的最佳附着并同时防止了这样的现象,即,颗粒一定程度上可以说消失在凹陷部内并因此对提高涂层的摩擦没有贡献作用。
在这样磨削的涂层载体上随后电镀地涂覆厚度例如约5μm的镍质下镀层。然后在该下镀层上近似单层地或者较少层数地铺放莫氏硬度为10和粒度处于40到90μm之间的颗粒,特别是单晶金刚石,例如天然金刚石的锐边的或者块状的晶粒。此后同样电镀地涂覆镍质上镀层,从而铺放在下镀层上的、至少在面向涂层载体的下部区域内的颗粒被上镀层包围,从而一定程度上固定一个颗粒层,其中,放置多个层时多余的层例如在固定之后通过刷子清除。
依据前面的说明,涂层载体的两个端面相应地被涂层。两个轴部件10和20的两个凸缘状轴端在此由一种无论是在莫氏硬度还是抗拉强度方面,数值均小于涂层载体的材料构成,其中,轴端特别由灰口铸铁件,例如抗拉强度处于400到500MPa范围内的GG 40.3构成。用于紧贴在孔板式构件上的凸缘面在此具有0.5到1.5μm之间的粗糙度Ra
如果现在将两个轴端与设置在其间的孔板式构件相互固定地螺栓连接,那么在螺栓连接时金刚石颗粒这样压入灰口铸铁件内,使孔板式构件与轴端相互啮合地连接。特别是在此两个轴端以约90至180MPa的单位面积压力彼此压紧。在朝向孔板式构件的方向上,在螺旋连接时,设置在各自金刚石颗粒下面的底层和设置在其下面的涂层载体区域仅轻微被压缩。特别具有优点的是,利用前面的说明可以实现大于0.7,但也大于0.8的静摩擦系数。此外,镍涂层同时对钢质的涂层载体形成出色的防腐蚀性,从而也使孔板式构件可靠地不受最恶劣的气候条件的影响。
其他优点是,在使用前面介绍的涂层情况下,与传统的连接装置相比在连接的强度相同时例如可以减少螺栓数量。

Claims (24)

1.一种涂层装置,包括以下特征:
-一涂层载体,
-在该涂层载体的至少一个表面上布置一层莫氏硬度大于等于9的颗粒,
-所述涂层近似由一层颗粒构成,并且
-所述涂层通过电镀涂覆的金属材料固定在所述表面上。
2.如权利要求1所述的涂层装置,其中,在所述涂层和所述表面之间在所述表面上涂敷,尤其是电镀涂覆一金属材质的涂层。
3.如权利要求3所述的涂层装置,其中两种金属材料相同。
4.如权利要求1至3之一所述的涂层装置,其中至少一种金属材料包括镍。
5.如权利要求1至4之一所述的涂层装置,其中所述颗粒属于可预先规定的分级,其特征特别在于处于40到90μm之间的粒度。
6.如权利要求1至5之一所述的涂层装置,其中所述表面包含凹陷部。
7.如权利要求6所述的涂层装置,其中,相对于环绕各自凹陷部的表面周围,凹陷部约85%以上的部分具有小于约10%的涂层厚度的深度和/或小于等于约15%的涂层厚度的开口尺寸。
8.如权利要求7所述的涂层装置,其中,所述凹陷部约99%以上的部分相应地如此设计。
9.如权利要求6至8之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述凹陷部的深度小于等于6μm,特别是小于等于4μm。
10.如权利要求6至9之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述凹陷部的开口尺寸小于约8μm,特别是小于等于6μm。
11.如权利要求1至10之一所述的涂层装置,其中,涂层载体表面具有的粗糙度Ra≤0.2μm。
12.如权利要求1至11之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述涂层载体由抗拉强度约600至800MPa之间的钢构成。
13.如权利要求1至12之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述涂层载体的表面磨削形成。
14.如权利要求1至13之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述颗粒的莫氏硬度设计为10。
15.如权利要求1至14之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述颗粒包含尤其是单晶金刚石的锐边或块状的晶粒。
16.如权利要求1至15之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述涂层被涂覆在设计为孔板状的构件的涂层载体的至少一个端面上。
17.如权利要求16所述的涂层装置,其中,所述构件划分为多个扇形的分部件。
18.如权利要求16或17所述的涂层装置,其中,所述构件设计带有多个用于穿过固定器件的轴向贯通孔。
19.如权利要求16至18之一所述的涂层装置,其中,所述构件设计应用在刚性联轴器中。
20.如权利要求16至19之一所述的涂层装置,其中,尤其为了检测轴的转数,在所述构件的圆周上设计一编码装置。
21.如权利要求20所述的涂层装置,其中,所述编码装置包括有一齿。
22.一种带有如权利要求1至21之一所述的涂层装置的压紧连接,其中,该压紧连接包括一配对件,所述涂层装置设计用于相对所述配对件压紧。
23.如权利要求22所述的压紧连接或带有如权利要求1至21之一所述的涂层装置的压紧连接,其中,所述压紧连接包括一配对件,所述涂层装置设计用于相对所述配对件压紧,以及该配对件包括拉伸强度约在400至500Mpa的灰铸铁件。
24.如权利要求22或23所述的压紧连接或带有如权利要求1至21之一所述的涂层装置的压紧连接,其中所述压紧连接包括一配对件,所述涂层装置设计用于相对所述配对件压紧,并且该配对件的硬度和/或拉伸强度设计得比涂层装置更小。
CN201010176660A 2009-02-07 2010-02-08 涂层装置 Pending CN101845657A (zh)

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Application publication date: 20100929