CN101843227B - Feeding method of sheep oral formalin and feed thereof - Google Patents
Feeding method of sheep oral formalin and feed thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a feeding method of sheep oral formalin, comprising the following steps: diluting formalin with a required amount into 50-100 times, mixing with feed (ration) to feed sheep or diluting the formalin with the required amount into 200-400 times, directly leading the diluted formalin to be taken by sheep orally, and feeding the feed (ration) at the same time. By the invention, the free feed intake of the sheep is increased, the number of protozoa in a sheep rumen is reduced, while the number of rumen bacteria is increased, amino acid and other substances reaching sheep small intestines are obvious increased, and the nutrient substances like amino acid absorbed by the sheep small intestines are obviously boosted. By the invention, the slaughtering performance of the sheep can be greatly improved. The methanal content in an oral formalin sheep texture is determined for the first time in the invention, which shows that the methanal content in the textures such as muscle, liver and the like of sheep which adopts the oral formalin of the invention in a long time is less than 2mg/Kg (the beer standard).
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the raising method technical field of sheep, is a kind of raising method and feed thereof of sheep oral formalin.
Background technology
Sheep belongs to ruminant.The characteristics of ruminant digestion are to have the ruminal digestion function.See that from zootrophic angle ruminal digestion has following characteristics: 1, digest cellulose class material in large quantities produce acetate etc., and nonruminants such as chicken pig are very low to the digestion power of cellulose substances, and digestion process mainly occurs in large intestine; 2, starchy material is had very strong fermentability, tunning comprises propionic acid etc., and nonruminants such as chicken pig mainly occur in small intestine and stomach to the digestion of starch, and main end-product is a glucose; 3, by degraded in large quantities, main end-product is an ammonia to forage protein in cud, and nonruminants such as chicken, pig mainly occur in stomach and small intestine to the digestion of forage protein, and main end-product is an amino acid; 4, the microprotein that in cud, produces is a ruminant important protein matter source of nutrition; And at nonruminant; The microprotein that in rabbit has the habit digestive tract capable of using of the soft excrement of food, produces, generally can't utilize the microprotein that produces in the digestive tract; 5, non protein nitrogen like urea nitrogen etc., be converted into microprotein thereby in cud, can directly be utilized by microorganism, and then as the source of animal protein nutrition, and nonruminant does not generally have the ability of utilizing non protein nitrogen.
Do not have glandula digestive also not secrete digestive enzymes in the cud, the essence of ruminal digestion is microorganism digestion.Rumen microflora mainly is made up of Anaerobic Bacteria, protozoon and anaerobic fungi three major types microorganism, and the enzyme that they produced is being kept the digestion process of cud, and microorganism itself provides various nutriments to animal again simultaneously.
The regulation and control that ruminal digestion metabolic process or intensity and rumen microflora are formed are one of emphasis of studying of people always; Its purpose be to improve feed digestibility or usability, improve the nutrition condition of animal; Reduce production costs, improve productivity and the product quality of animal.The regulation and control content of digestion and metabolism comprises the high-quality feed PD rate that reduces, raising non protein nitrogen availability, the microprotein output that improves, raising roughage digestibility, improves the activity of cellulose enzyme, reduces amylofermentation degree, the generation of minimizing methane etc.The regulation and control of rumen microflora comprise all kinds of number of bacteria of increase and decrease, increase fungi quantity, minimizing or drive away cud protozoon etc.
Give the ruminant domestic animal oral formalin, its mechanism to the animal effect maybe be more complicated, because oral formalin not only acts on feed in cud, but also possibly directly act on rumen microorganism, or influence the interior environment of cud.Up to the present, this is still lacked system and deep research bibliographical information.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of raising method and feed thereof of sheep oral formalin; Overcome the deficiency of above-mentioned prior art; Its raising method is simple, cheap; And can improve the productivity of sheep significantly, daily gain, carcass weight, meat weight, lean meat weight and the lean meat percentage of sheep all are significantly improved, and the meat quality of sheep is up to state standards.
One of technical scheme of the present invention realizes through following measure: a kind of raising method of sheep oral formalin; It is undertaken by following step: the consumption of the sheep oral formalin of 30 age in days to 121 ages in days is 0.8 ml/Kg daily ration (dry matter) to 1.2ml/Kg daily ration (dry matter); Feeding method for mix behind 50 times to 100 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement feed be feed in the daily ration to sheep or with behind 200 times to 400 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement directly oral give sheep simultaneously feeding feed stuff be daily ration, divide every day secondary to feed or oral.
Can further carry out following selection or/and optimize to one of technical scheme of the invention described above:
Above-mentioned feed can comprise 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned feed can be coarse fodder type daily ration, and this coarse fodder type daily ration comprises 67.2 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned feed can be the concentrate type daily ration, and this concentrate type daily ration comprises 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 55.8 parts of corn flour, 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 3.0 parts of soy bean powders, 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned nutritive additive can be any one or more than one the combination in any in trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the stone flour.
Above-mentioned sheep is free choice feeding, freely drinks water, the surplus material amount of feed of control every day for every day feed feed 5% to 15% of amount gross weight.
Two of technical scheme of the present invention realizes through following measure: a kind of feed that is used for the raising method of above-mentioned sheep oral formalin, its feed comprise 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Can further carry out following selection or/and optimize to two of the technical scheme of the invention described above:
Above-mentioned feed can comprise 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned feed can be coarse fodder type daily ration, and this coarse fodder type daily ration comprises 67.2 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned feed can be the concentrate type daily ration, and this concentrate type daily ration comprises 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 55.8 parts of corn flour, 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 3.0 parts of soy bean powders, 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Above-mentioned nutritive additive can be any one or more than one the combination in any in trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the stone flour.
Technique effect of the present invention: after adopting the present invention, the free choice feeding amount of sheep increases; The cud protozoon quantity of sheep reduces, and the rumen bacteria quantity of sheep increases; The amino acid that arrives small intestine of sheep significantly increases; Nutriment that small intestine of sheep is digested and assimilated such as organic matter, crude protein and amino acid etc. significantly increase; Can significantly improve the performance of butchering of sheep behind employing the present invention; Measured the content of formaldehyde in the oral formalin sheep soma in the present invention first, shown that the content of formaldehyde in the tissue such as muscle, liver of long-term employing lamb of the present invention is lower than 2mg/Kg (formaldehyde in the national beer standard is limited the quantity of to being less than or equal to 2.0mg/L).
Embodiment
The present invention does not receive the restriction of following embodiment, can confirm concrete embodiment according to technical scheme of the present invention and actual conditions.
Embodiment 1; The raising method of this sheep oral formalin is undertaken by following step: the consumption of the sheep oral formalin of 30 age in days to 121 ages in days is 0.8 ml/Kg daily ration (dry matter) to 1.2ml/Kg daily ration (dry matter); Feeding method for mix behind 50 times to 100 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement feed be feed in the daily ration to sheep or with behind 200 times to 400 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement directly oral give sheep simultaneously feeding feed stuff be daily ration, divide every day secondary to feed or oral.
Embodiment 2, and be with the difference of embodiment 1: the feed of embodiment 2 comprises 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Embodiment 3; Be with the difference of embodiment 1 and 2: the feed of embodiment 3 is a coarse fodder type daily ration, and this coarse fodder type daily ration comprises 67.2 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Embodiment 4; Be with the difference of embodiment 1,2,3: the feed of embodiment 4 is the concentrate type daily ration, and this concentrate type daily ration comprises 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 55.8 parts of corn flour, 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 3.0 parts of soy bean powders, 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
Embodiment 5, are with the difference of embodiment 1,2,3,4: the nutritive additive of embodiment 5 is any one or more than one the combination in any in trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the stone flour; In the combination in any of trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, stone flour, its mutual proportion relation also can be arbitrarily, only receives the restriction of nutritive additive gross weight umber.
Embodiment 6, are with the difference of embodiment 1,2,3,4,5: the sheep free choice feeding of embodiment 6, freely drink water, the surplus material amount of feed of control every day for every day feed feed 5% to 15% of amount gross weight.
In the present invention: % is weight percentage.
Be technique effect test of the present invention below: in following test, all adopted the raising method of embodiment 1 or embodiment 2 or embodiment 3 or embodiment 4 or embodiment 5 or embodiment 6.
1, the present invention is to the influence of cud protozoon
Test 1.1, the present invention are to the influence of Xinjiang merino wether rumen fluid protozoon quantity
Oral formalin obviously reduces the protozoon quantity of merino rumen fluid, and is taken the influence of formalin dosage, and par reduces 26.2% (P＞0.05), 33.7% (P＜0.05) and 43.8% (P＜0.05) respectively at three dosage.Rumen fluid protozoon quantity obviously is the rule of minimizing-increase in time, and minimum point is oral back 4 hours, reduces 78% when minimum.And, also visible by table 1, under the normal condition fluctuation every day of rumen fluid protozoon quantity less, then fluctuation is very big behind the oral formalin.
Test 1.2, the present invention are to the grow up influence of ram rumen fluid protozoon quantity of the cold sheep of little tail
As shown in table 2, this tests grow up dominant population of ram rumen fluid protozoon of the cold sheep of used little tail is interior caterpillar, and the basic law of rumen fluid protozoon number change reduces for beginning after feeding, and reaches minimum in back 3 hours feeding, and then increase gradually.Oral formalin significantly reduces sheep rumen liquid protozoon quantity, under coarse fodder type daily ration condition, reduced 30.2% (
P<0.05), wherein the internal hair borer population reduced 31.4% (
P<0.05); Under concentrate type daily ration condition, reduced 54.5% (
P<0.05), wherein in caterpillar reduced 54.4% (
P<0.05), the bistrichiasis worm reduced 77.8% (
P<0.05).Table 2 is the result also show, sheep oral formalin reduces acting under the concentrate type daily ration condition than bigger under the coarse fodder type daily ration condition of rumen fluid protozoon quantity.
2, the present invention is to the influence of the adult ram rumen fluid bacterial number of the cold sheep of little tail
As shown in table 3, oral formalin significantly increases the cold sheep of the little tail ram rumen fluid total number of bacteria of growing up, under coarse fodder type daily ration condition, increased by 42.4% (
P<0.05), wherein dialister bacterium, coccus and new crescent moon bacterium increased by 134.2% respectively (
P<0.05), 37.6% (
P<0.05) and 3.64% (
P﹥ 0.05), under concentrate type daily ration condition the rumen fluid total number of bacteria increased by 62.6% (
P<0.05), wherein dialister bacterium, coccus and new crescent moon bacterium increased by 32.1% respectively (
P<0.05), 71.1% (
P<0.05) and 44.4% (
P＞0.05).Table 3 is the result also show, it is also obvious that oral formalin increases acting under the concentrate type daily ration condition than under coarse fodder type daily ration condition of rumen fluid total number of bacteria, dialister bacterium, coccus and new crescent moon bacterium quantity.Yet oral formalin but makes rumen fluid escherichia coli quantity significantly reduce, under coarse fodder type daily ration and concentrate type daily ration condition, reduced 54.7% respectively (
P<0.05) and 48.2% (
P<0.05).
3, the present invention is to the influence of sheep free choice feeding amount
As shown in table 4, the free choice feeding amount significantly increases behind the sheep oral formalin, and amplification is between 5～50%.Lamb, the free choice feeding amount increases more under concentrate type daily ration condition; Adult sheep, then be that the free choice feeding amount increases more under concentrate type daily ration condition.
4, the present invention is to the influence of glandular stomach digestion and metabolism
4.1.1, the present invention under coarse fodder type daily ration condition to the influence of glandular stomach digestion and metabolism
1, to the glandular stomach nutrient digestion with arrive the influence of small intestine microprotein
As shown in table 5; Make oral formalin sheep glandular stomach dry matter and organic digestibility have improved 8.5% respectively (P < 0.01) and 7.7% (P < 0.01); The digestion amount has also increased by 21.4% respectively (P < 0.01) and 21.9% (P < 0.01) shows that oral formalin can improve the digestion power of glandular stomach.And oral formalin also significantly increases the dry matter and the organic matter amount that arrive small intestine.
Oral formalin makes the crude protein that arrives small intestine increase by 22% (P < 0.01), and wherein microprotein has increased by 13% (P < 0.05), and rumen bypass protein has increased by 29% (P < 0.05).The increasing rate of feed intake (13%) when considering oral formalin, the prompting oral formalin has reduced the degradation rate of forage protein in cud, but the microprotein productive rate is not made significant difference.
Oral formalin make the cellulose digestion amount of glandular stomach increased by 30% (
P<0.01), half-and-half cellulosic digestion amount also increased by 30% (
P>0.05).
It is about 13% that the calcium amount that arrives small intestine has increased, similar with the increasing rate of feed intake, thereby the ratio that accounts for the amount of eating is not had significant difference.The phosphorus amount that arrives small intestine is basic identical in contrast and oral formalin phase, is 140～155% of the amount of eating.
4.1.2, the present invention is to arriving the amino acid whose influence of small intestine
As shown in table 6, oral formalin makes the total amino acid that arrives small intestine increase by 18.0% (p<0.05), the lysine amount that arrives small intestine has increased by 21.8% (p<0.05), the methionine amount has increased by 15% (p<0.05), other amino acid that significantly increases comprise arginine (25.0%,
P<0.05), glycine (17.8%,
P<0.05), glutamic acid (18.2%,
P<0.05), the amino acid that extremely significantly increases comprise proline (15.8%,
P<0.01), threonine (26.0%,
P<0.01), serine (18.7%,
P<0.01), valine (12.2%,
P<0.01).
4.2, the present invention under concentrate type daily ration condition to the influence of glandular stomach digestion and metabolism
4.2.1, the present invention is to the glandular stomach nutrient digestion and arrive the influence of small intestine microprotein
Oral formalin is seen table 7 to the influence that arrives small intestine chyme composition under concentrate type daily ration condition.The dry matter that sheep oral formalin arrives small intestine has increased by 3.4% (P < 0.05), organic matter increased by 3.3% (P < 0.01), simultaneously glandular stomach dry matter and organic matter digestion amount (P < 0.01) and 10.5% (P < 0.01) that increased by 11.4% respectively.The digestibility of prompting oral formalin daily ration glandular stomach under concentrate type daily ration condition also improves.
The crude protein quantity that arrives small intestine has increased by 15.3% (P < 0.01); Wherein the microprotein amount has increased by 8.9% (P < 0.01); Rumen bypass protein has increased by 20.4% (P < 0.05); With reference to the increasing rate (7.1%) of feed intake, prompting oral formalin under concentrate type daily ration condition also reduces the degradation rate of forage protein in cud, and the microprotein productive rate is not made significant difference.
Oral formalin makes the cellulose digestion amount of glandular stomach increase by 13.4% (P < 0.01), and half-and-half cellulosic digestion amount has increased by 27.3% (p>0.05).
Oral formalin makes the calcium amount that arrives small intestine increase by 7.9% (P < 0.05), but the proportional difference that accounts for the amount of eating not significantly (p>0.05).The phosphorus amount that arrives small intestine has increased by 13.6% (P < 0.01), but it is not remarkable to account for the proportional difference of the amount of eating yet.
4.2.2, the present invention is to arriving the amino acid whose influence of small intestine
As shown in table 8, oral formalin make the total amino acid amount that arrives small intestine increased by 14.1% (
P>0.05), thereby have the trend that increases arrival small intestine amount of amino acid.The lysine amount that arrives small intestine increased by 18.4% (
P<0.05), the methionine amount increased by 26.4% (
P<0.05), valine increased by 7.8% (
P<0.01).And the variation of other amount of amino acid does not all reach significance level.
5, the present invention is to small intestine of sheep nutrient digestion absorption and effect
5.1, the present invention under coarse fodder type daily ration condition regulating and controlling effect to growing up ewe small intestine nutrient digestion absorption and effect
5.1.1, the present invention's influence that small intestine dry matter, organic matter, crude protein etc. are digested and assimilated
As shown in table 9; Sheep is behind oral formalin; The dry matter of small intestine, organic matter and crude protein digestion and absorption have increased by 55% respectively (p < 0.01), 52% (p < 0.01) and 35% (p 0.01), show that oral formalin can increase the nutrients quality that small intestine is digested and assimilated.Table 5 shows that also the dry matter or the organic matter that arrive small intestine generally can be digested and assimilated 23%, but behind oral formalin, can bring up to 34%, and variation has taken place the component of prompting chyme, and the nutrient component that can be digested and assimilated has increased.The crude protein of being digested and assimilated in control period accounts for to be digested and assimilated organicly 58%, but is 51% under the situation of oral formalin, has also pointed out the composition that other nonprotein is arranged in increasing the nutrient component that absorbs.
Table 9 shows that cellulose is in the basic indigestion of small intestine, and hemicellulose is digested sub-fraction, and the digestion of hemicellulose receives the influence of oral formalin.Oral formalin increases the absorptive amount and the absorption ratio of small intestine calcium and phosphorus.
5.1.2, the present invention's influence that small intestine amino acid is digested and assimilated
As shown in table 10; The total amino acid amount that oral formalin is digested and assimilated small intestine has increased by 34% (p < 0.05); Lysine has increased by 33% (p>0.05); Methionine has increased by 24% (p>0.05), and recruitment surpasses 34% amino acid has asparatate (38%) (p>0.05), glutamic acid (40%) (p < 0.01), histidine (82%) (p>0.05), threonine (60%) (p < 0.01) and serine (36%) (p < 0.05).
Oral formalin has the trend (table 10) that improves small intestine total amino acid digestibility, and the amino acid that digestibility has significantly or the utmost point significantly improves comprises glutamic acid (18%), histidine (22%), threonine (32%) and valine (16%).
5.2, the present invention under concentrate type daily ration condition to growing up ewe small intestine nutrient digestion absorption and effect
5.2.1, the present invention's influence that small intestine dry matter, organic matter, crude protein etc. are digested and assimilated
As shown in table 11; Sheep is when oral formalin; The dry matter of small intestine, organic matter and crude protein digestion and absorption have increased by 22.1% respectively (P < 0.01), 21.9% (P < 0.01) and 22.2% (P < 0.01), being illustrated in oral formalin under the concentrate type daily ration condition also increases sheep only from the nutrients quality of little intestinal absorption.
Table 11 shows that cellulose is in the basic indigestion of small intestine, and hemicellulose is digested, and the digestion of hemicellulose receives the influence of oral formalin.Oral formalin increases absorptive amount (20.3%) (P < 0.01) and the absorption ratio (12.6%) (P < 0.05) of small intestine calcium, also increases absorptive amount (21.1%) (P < 0.01) and the absorption ratio (6.5%) (P < 0.01) of small intestine phosphorus.
5.2.2, the present invention's influence that small intestine amino acid is digested and assimilated
As shown in table 12, the total amino acid amount that oral formalin is digested and assimilated small intestine increased by 31.4% (
P＜0.05), wherein lysine increased by 38.7% (
P＜0.01), methionine increased by 43.8% (
P＜0.05), other have significantly or the amino acid that extremely significantly increases comprise arginine (31.2%) (
P＜0.05), isoleucine (38.8%) (
P＜0.05), phenyl alanine (31.9%) (
P＜0.05), serine (27.1%) (
P＜0.05) and valine (20%) (
P＜0.01).
The small intestine total amino acid digestibility that makes oral formalin has improved 16.2% (P < 0.01) (table 12); Wherein the lysine digestibility has improved 17.8% (P < 0.01); The methionine digestibility has improved 13.4% (P < 0.05), and the amino acid that other digestibility has significantly or the utmost point significantly improves comprises isoleucine (24.6%) (P < 0.01), valine (11.3%) (P < 0.01), leucine (21.8%) (P < 0.05), tyrosine (20.1%) (P < 0.05), serine (14.6%) (P < 0.05), threonine (14.5%) (P < 0.05), arginine (12.6%) (P < 0.05), glycine (9.5%) (P < 0.05) and proline (9.9%) (P < 0.05).
6, the present invention is to the influence of the whole digestion and metabolism of sheep
6.1, the present invention is to the influence of the whole digestion and metabolism of lamb
Test 6.1.1
As shown in table 13, oral formalin does not reduce the apparent digestibility of lamb daily ration, and also has the trend that increases in the digestibility of its dry matter of big days old lamb (test 2), organic matter, energy, crude protein, cellulose and hemicellulose.
As shown in table 14; Because the increase of feed intake behind the oral formalin; The digestion amount of animal dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and cellulose etc. all significantly increases (table 13) in the experiment; Wherein organic digestion amount has increased by 39.8% respectively (P < 0.05) and 55.5% (P < 0.05), crude protein digestion amount has increased by 34.1% respectively (P < 0.05) and 53.4% (P < 0.05).
As shown in Tble 15; Oral formalin can increase the nitrogen reservation amount 34.0% (P < 0.01) and 53.4% (P < 0.01) of animal respectively; The nitrogen retention rate also increases by 4.7% respectively (P>0.05) and 6.4% (P>0.05), the prompting oral formalin has the trend of improving the Nitrogen Metabolism in Sheep rate.The calcium of lamb, phosphorus reservation amount all significantly increase behind the oral formalin, and wherein calcium increases more than 41%, and phosphorus increases more than 49%, but calcium, phosphorus retention rate do not have marked change.
Test 6.1.2
Shown in table 16, in three age in days stages of the cold sheep of little tail * acerous pottery Saite lamb, oral formalin does not make significant difference to (apparent) digestibility of lamb dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, cellulose, hemicellulose etc.
Yet because the increase of feed intake, lamb but significantly increases (like table 17) to the digestion amount of nutriment owing to oral formalin.At 55～80,95～120 and 125～150 ages in days, organic matter digestion amount increased by 22.9% respectively (
P<0.01), 30.3% (
P<0.01) and 44.2% (
P<0.01), crude protein digestion amount increased by 26.3% respectively (
P<0.01), 42.6% (
P<0.01) and 45.9% (
P<0.01), the cellulose digestion amount increased by 19.1% respectively (
P<0.01), 30.0% (
P<0.05) and 51.5% (
P<0.05), hemicellulose digestion amount increased by 48.2% respectively (
P<0.01), 29.4% (
P>0.05) and 54.3% (
P<0.01), calcium digestion amount increased by 24.4% respectively (
P<0.05), 35.8% (
P<0.01) and 46.4% (
P<0.01), phosphorus digestion amount increased by 23.1% respectively (
P<0.01), 31.3% (
P<0.01) and 45.2% (
P<0.01).
Oral formalin significantly or the utmost point improve the reservation amount of lamb nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus significantly, and the retention rate of nitrogen and calcium also has raising (like table 18).At 55～80,95～120 and 125～150 ages in days, the reservation amount of nitrogen increased by 25.2% respectively (
P<0.01), 29.5% (
P<0.01) and 46.1% (
P<0.01), the reservation amount of calcium increased by 23.5% respectively (
P<0.05), 36.3% (
P<0.01) and 47.3% (
P<0.01), the reservation amount of phosphorus increased by 21.4% respectively (
P<0.01), 33.2% (
P<0.01) and 44.2% (
P<0.01).
6.2, regulating and controlling effect is to the influence of the whole digestion and metabolism of ewe of growing up
Test 6.2.1
Shown in table 19, the grow up digestibility of ewe dry matter, organic matter, energy, crude protein, cellulose and hemicellulose of oral formalin has the trend of increase.
Because the increase of feed intake behind the oral formalin, the digestion amount of ewe daily ration significantly increases (like table 18), wherein the digestion amount of organic matter and crude protein (P < 0.05) and 36.5% (P < 0.05) that increased by 17.8% respectively.
Shown in table 20, the nitrogen reservation amount 36.5% of the adult ewe of oral Fu Er increase (P 0.01), and nitrogen retention rate 25.3% (P>0.05), the prompting oral formalin has the trend of improving the Nitrogen Metabolism in Sheep rate.Yet oral formalin does not all make significant difference to the reservation amount and the retention rate of grow up ewe calcium, phosphorus.
Test 6.2.2
(1) under the coarse fodder type daily ration condition
Shown in table 21; The cold sheep of little tail grows up ewe behind oral formalin; The reservation amount of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus has increased by 28.3% respectively (P < 0.01), 30.8% (P < 0.01) and 9.5% (P 0.05), shown the improvement of oral formalin to the whole nutrition condition of sheep.
(2) under the concentrate type daily ration condition
Shown in table 22; The cold sheep of little tail grows up ewe behind oral formalin; The reservation amount of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus has increased by 19.9% respectively (P < 0.01), 16.1% (P < 0.01) and 11.1% (P 0.01); The retention rate of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus all improves significantly, has shown the improvement of oral formalin to the whole nutrition condition of sheep.
7, regulating and controlling effect is to the influence of lamb body weight gains
Test 7.1
Shown in table 23, (P < 0.05) (test 1) and 51.9% that oral formalin has improved 58.4% respectively in the fattening lamb daily gain of the concentrate type daily ration of feeding (P 0.05) (testing 2).
Test 7.2
Oral formalin is seen table 24 to the influence of lamb daily gain.At 55～80,95～120 and 125～150 ages in days, oral formalin make respectively the lamb daily gain improved 18.2% respectively (
P<0.05), 23.2% (
P<0.05) and 27.1% (
P<0.01), improve 21.9% in the whole test phase (210 days) (
P<0.01).
8, regulating and controlling effect is butchered Effect on Performance to lamb
The experimental group lamb is from the oral formalin of 30 ages in days.At 240 ages in days lamb is carried out slaughter experiment, as shown in Tble 25, oral formalin make the carcass weight of lamb increased by 20.5% (
P<0.01), dressing percentage improved 3.8 (
P<0.05), meat weight, lean meat is heavy and fat meat increased by 22.2% heavily respectively (
P<0.01), 21.5% (
P<0.01) and 21.6% (
P<0.05), and lean meat percentage does not have remarkable reduction.The eye muscle area increase is extremely remarkable.Bone does not heavily have significant difference.
Still there is not at present oral formalin is butchered the performance impact aspect to sheep report.See that from this test oral formalin weighs carcass weight, meat weight, dressing percentage, the lean meat of lamb and heavy all significantly increase or the raisings of fat meat, the eye muscle area increase (
P<0.01), to bone heavy and lean meat percentage then do not make significant difference (
P>0.05).Therefore can think that the final result of oral formalin helps to improve the performance of butchering of lamb.
9, oral formalin is organized the influence of content of formaldehyde to lamb
The experimental group lamb is from the oral formalin of 30 ages in days.Lamb being stopped feed formalin at 240 ages in days butchered after 24 hours; Shown in table 26; Promptly contain a certain amount of formaldehyde in the normal lamb soma, wherein content is higher in rumen fluid and the intestinal fluid, is respectively 27.5 and 14.0 mg/L; The content of formaldehyde of blood, muscle, kidney, liver, cud and small intestine is lower, all below 2.0 mg/L.Content of formaldehyde in the oral formalin lamb rumen fluid increased by 15% (
P<0.05), the content of formaldehyde in the intestinal fluid increased by 28% (
P>0.05), the content of formaldehyde in muscle, kidney, liver, cud tissue and the small intestine all has increase, but difference is all not remarkable.
Test determination of the present invention content of formaldehyde in lamb blood, muscle, kidney, liver, cud tissue and the small intestine, confirm really to contain a certain amount of formaldehyde in the normal lamb body.Still do not have the restriction of national regulation at present about the content of formaldehyde in the mutton, but according to " the fermented wine sanitary standard " of sanitary standard place, Ministry of Public Health health supervision center (2005) promulgation, the formaldehyde in the beer is limited the quantity of to being less than or equal to 2.0mg/L.In this test, lamb oral formalin 210 days, stop raising after 24 hours and butcher, the content of formaldehyde in its blood, muscle, kidney, liver, cud tissue and the small intestine below 2.0mg/L, with reference to the standard of fermented wine, is an acceptable basically all.And because general beer all directly drinks, and that mutton all need heat the back is edible, and beer drink amount is bigger, and mutton appetite is less, so the words of formulating standard like need of limiting the quantity of of its formaldehyde also should be higher than beer.
Claims (6)
1. the raising method of a sheep oral formalin; It is characterized in that being undertaken by following step: the consumption of the sheep oral formalin of 30 age in days to 121 ages in days is that 0.8 ml/Kg daily ration is to the 1.2ml/Kg daily ration; Feeding method for mix behind 50 times to 100 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement feed be feed in the daily ration to sheep or with behind 200 times to 400 times of the formalin dilute with waters of requirement directly oral give sheep simultaneously feeding feed stuff be daily ration, divide every day secondary to feed or oral; Wherein, feed comprises 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight; Nutritive additive is any one or a few the combination in trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the stone flour; The sheep free choice feeding, freely drink water, the surplus material amount of feed of control every day for every day feed feed 5% to 15% of amount gross weight.
2. the raising method of sheep oral formalin according to claim 1; It is characterized in that feed is a coarse fodder type daily ration, this coarse fodder type daily ration comprises 67.2 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
3. the raising method of sheep oral formalin according to claim 1; It is characterized in that feed is the concentrate type daily ration, this concentrate type daily ration comprises 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 55.8 parts of corn flour, 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 3.0 parts of soy bean powders, 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
4. a feed that is used for the raising method of the described sheep oral formalin of claim 1 is characterized in that feed comprises 67.2 parts to 29.0 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts to 55.8 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts to 9.8 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part to 3.0 parts of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts to 2.4 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
5. feed according to claim 4 is characterized in that feed is a coarse fodder type daily ration, and this coarse fodder type daily ration comprises 67.2 parts of crushing maize stalks, 18.0 parts of corn flour, 6.9 parts of the cotton benevolence dregs of rice, 0 part of soy bean powder, 5.6 parts of nutritive additives by weight.
6. according to claim 4 or 5 described feeds, it is characterized in that nutritive additive is any one or a few the combination in trace element, vitamin A, vitamin D, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, the stone flour.
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| CN103918894A (en) * | 2014-03-18 | 2014-07-16 | 新疆农业大学 | Ruminant feed added with aerosol OT, and feeding method thereof |
| RU2564761C1 (en) * | 2014-07-24 | 2015-10-10 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "Пятигорский государственный научно-исследовательский институт курортологии Федерального медико-биологического агентства" (ФГБУ ПГНИИК ФМБА России) | Method for simulating chronic formalin intoxication in toxicological experiment |
| CN111642631A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-11 | 新疆农业大学 | Additive for improving digestibility of coarse fodder type daily ration for ruminants and application of additive |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| 古丽尼沙."口服福尔马林对绵羊消化代谢的影响".《中国学位论文全文数据库》.2009,第38页、第40页、第42页. |
| 李桉."口服福尔马林对绵羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响".《中国畜牧兽医》.2006,第33 卷(第12 期),第3页、第5页. |
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