CN101841256A - Method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of solar power generation - Google Patents
Method for tracking and controlling maximum power point of solar power generation Download PDFInfo
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- CN101841256A CN101841256A CN 200910030141 CN200910030141A CN101841256A CN 101841256 A CN101841256 A CN 101841256A CN 200910030141 CN200910030141 CN 200910030141 CN 200910030141 A CN200910030141 A CN 200910030141A CN 101841256 A CN101841256 A CN 101841256A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for tracking and controlling a maximum power point of solar power generation and belongs to the field of solar photovoltaic power generation. The method is particularly suitable for an independent solar-powered driving system or a grid-connected generating system. The method is characterized in that: a system runs without testing the characteristic of a solar photovoltaic cell or the load characteristic of a loading device and can work at the maximum power point of a solar cell under any illumination intensity and temperature conditions. The variation track of a power-voltage vector is obtained by detecting the output voltage and current of the photovoltaic cell and is matched with 16 preset variation patterns so as to determine the adjusting direction and magnitude of loading frequency. Load consumption power and the maximum power of the photovoltaic cell are balanced by adjusting the loading frequency, so that the tracking control of the maximum power point of the solar photovoltaic cell is realized.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the solar energy power generating field, particularly a kind of method of solar photovoltaic cell panel maximum power point tracking control.
Background technology
Rapid development of economy causes the improving day by day of energy demand, Ecological environment worsening are aroused the enhancing of people's environmental consciousness and then excited the desire of people's development and utilization green novel energy source.Solar energy as a kind ofly do not have to pollute, inexhaustible new forms of energy, just be subjected to the great attention of countries in the world, the direct utilization of solar energy and the developmental research of solar energy power generating have been entered a brand-new era.
It is that electric energy is realized with transform light energy that solar power generation absorbs solar photon by solar cell.The power output of solar cell changes with intensity of sunshine, ambient temperature and institute's supply load size, under every kind of certain conditions, all there is and only exists a maximum, how making photovoltaic generating system be always operating at maximum power point under the corresponding conditions, is an important technology that effectively utilizes in the solar power generation.The particularly at present price of solar cell costliness and lower photoelectric conversion efficiency, restrict popularizing and development of solar energy power generating, given full play to the performance of solar cell, obtained the photovoltaic electric energy to greatest extent, thereby reducing system's cost of electricity-generating, is an important research project.
The MPPT maximum power point tracking control of photovoltaic cell also is called MPPT control, and the system that is meant is in office when according to a kind of control method that can both follow the tracks of the maximum power of solar cell under intensity and the temperature conditions rapidly.Have many research institutions and experts and scholars proposing a lot of theories and method aspect the MPPT control, wherein the most frequently used method is disturbance observation and increment conductance method.
The disturbance observation calculates the power output of current time by detecting the output voltage and the electric current of photovoltaic cell current time, this power is compared with the power of previous moment, if difference greater than zero, then continues to adjust voltage at equidirectional again; If difference is then in the opposite direction adjusted voltage less than zero.By constantly comparing power, adjust voltage, progressively approach maximum power point.But this method still need constantly apply disturbance after reaching maximum power point, and therefore, in fact photovoltaic system is near oscillatory operation maximum power point.
The increment conductance method then is to utilize the power-voltage response of photovoltaic cell, calculating dP/dV (=I+dI/dV),, adjust voltage by direct judgement Δ V and Δ I, make dP/dV=0, promptly reach the maximum power point of photovoltaic cell.
Summary of the invention
The present invention aims to provide and does not a kind ofly rely on solar cell and drive load characteristic, always can make solar cell be operated in the solar power system control technology of its maximum power point.It is characterized in that comprising following content:
(1) as shown in Figure 1 by solar photovoltaic cell panel 1, the direct current of solar cell output is transformed in the photovoltaic generating system that inverter 2, controller 3 and the variable-ratio load device 4 etc. of alternating current constitute, adopt the output voltage and the electric current of the multi-point sampling solar cell more than 3 or 3, obtain the power output-voltage vector more than 2 or 2.
(2) power-voltage vector in above-mentioned (1) is meant on photovoltaic cell power-voltage chevron curve as shown in Figure 2, as shown in Figure 38 vectors and a zero vector represents that the combination of adjacent 2 variable power vectors can form 16 kinds of typical change patterns shown in Figure 4 altogether on the time in any 2 variable power available horsepower-voltages (P-V) coordinate system.The inverter output frequency is adjusted according to these 16 kinds of patterns.Require higher occasion in control precision, also can be combined into more changing pattern by the power-voltage vector more than 3 or 3.It is certain and sunshine amount changes and the output characteristic variation during variations in temperature and the method for adjustment of load frequency at sunshine amount that these patterns can correctly show photovoltaic cell.
(3) control system is mated the pattern in the power output-voltage vector more than 2 or 2 in aforementioned (1) and aforementioned (2), the adjustment direction and the size of decision inverter output frequency.The size that the required adjusting output frequency of control system changes is judged divided by single step DC voltage change amount by the single step power variation shown in the formula (1).Promptly have:
Δ f is the variable quantity of next step control system output frequency in the formula; Δ P is the single step power variation; Δ V is a single step DC voltage change amount, and K is for adjusting coefficient.
(4) adjustment of above-mentioned inverter output frequency can adopt Fixed Time Interval or not the mode of Fixed Time Interval carry out, the angle of the chemical control system that conforms to the principle of simplicity algorithm adopts Fixed Time Interval mode, for example 50msec usually.Certainly this time interval can require to be set to 1 carrier cycle or a plurality of carrier cycle according to control precision.
(5) sampling of above-mentioned voltage and current is sampled 1 time in each carrier cycle or repeatedly, is got its mean value calculation power output.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, by detecting 3 times or 3 variations with 2 or 2 above power-voltage vectors of up-sampling formation, make system can correctly tackle the variation rapidly of all conditions such as insolation amount, significantly reduce the probability of the disconnected misoperation of system's erroneous judgement, guarantee that system can operate on the solar cell peak power output point with stable rapidly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the solar photovoltaic generation system pie graph;
Fig. 2 is the volt-ampere characteristic of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell;
Fig. 3 is the power characteristic of solar-energy photo-voltaic cell;
Fig. 4 is that the solar-energy photo-voltaic cell power output changes the vector representation in power-voltage coordinate system;
Fig. 5 is 16 kinds of changing patteries and the inverter frequency control method figure corresponding with it that adjacent 2 power vectors are combined to form;
Embodiment
(1) solar photovoltaic generation system is by formations such as solar photovoltaic cell panel 1, frequency converter 2 (comprising energy-storage travelling wave tube 5 and inverter 6), controller 3 and variable-ratio load devices 4.Photovoltaic battery panel 1 absorbs luminous energy, output DC; Energy-storage travelling wave tube 5 stores or discharges electric energy, plays important effect to realizing maximum power control; Inverter comprises 6 semiconductor switchs, by controller 3 control directly-alternation changes; Controller 3 detects the output voltage and the electric current of solar panel 1, carries out the MPPT algorithm; Load device 4 can be separate equipment such as motor, water pump etc., also can be grid-connecting apparatus.
(2) energy-storage travelling wave tube of inversion part is generally electrochemical capacitor.According to law of conservation of energy, the difference of the output electric energy of photovoltaic cell and the electric energy of load consumption is the electric energy that electrochemical capacitor is stored or discharge.When the power output of photovoltaic cell during greater than the power of load consumption, unnecessary electric energy is stored in the electrochemical capacitor, causes the rising of capacitance voltage; Otherwise when the power output of photovoltaic cell during less than the power of load consumption, electrochemical capacitor discharges the electric energy of its storage, and capacitance voltage descends thereupon.Therefore, the size that the electrochemical capacitor magnitude of voltage changes also reflects the difference size between solar panel and the motor consumption electric power.As long as detect the variation of power flow, control the rotating speed of motor that is the consumption power of motor by increase and decrease or maintenance inverter output frequency, just can make the generation of electric energy and consumption keep balance.And allow this balance point remain on the top of solar cell power output-voltage response, system is moved at the solar cell maximum power point.
(3) comprise mainly in the controller 4 that microprocessor, voltage and current detection circuit, thyristor drive and protective circuit, and 6 road PWM (pulse-width modulation) signal that produces according to the MPPT algorithm.
When (4) system moved, at first continuous 3 sampling photovoltaic cell output voltages and electric currents in the identical time interval generated 2 power vectors.
(5) according to the power-voltage response of photovoltaic cell shown in Figure 3, under conditions such as different illumination intensity and temperature, power vector has 8 kinds of change direction (V1～V8).These 8 vectors have 49 kinds of combinations between any two, 16 kinds of changing patteries shown in Figure 5 are typically arranged.Solid line is represented the power vector in current when sampling among the figure, the power vector when dotted line represents that sampled last time.+ f represents to increase the inverter output frequency, and-f represents to reduce inverter frequency, and it is constant that inverter frequency is kept in 0 expression.
(6) power output of the 2 expression photovoltaic cells of the vector V in the I quadrant and voltage are all increasing.The power that the power output of photovoltaic cell is consumed greater than load is described, electric capacity is in charged state.Photovoltaic cell is operated in the left side of Fig. 3 power characteristic, is in the state of climbing the mountain.Need this moment to promote the inverter output frequency, allow motor quicken, increase load consumption power, impel the photovoltaic cell power output to continue to increase, on maximum power point, obtain the balance of power at last, system stable operation.
(7) power output of the vector V in the II quadrant 4 expression photovoltaic cells is increasing but voltage is reducing.Photovoltaic cell is operated in the right side of Fig. 3 power characteristic, also is in the state of climbing the mountain.Must significantly promote the inverter output frequency by the faster acceleration of motor this moment, make load consumption power greater than the photovoltaic cell power output, not enough electric energy is provided by electrochemical capacitor, so on the one hand capacitance voltage is further reduced, the photovoltaic cell power output is increased, and progressively move to maximum power point the photovoltaic cell working point.
(8) power output and the voltage of vector V 6 expression photovoltaic cells are all reducing in the III quadrant, and photovoltaic cell is operated in the left side of Fig. 3 power characteristic, is in state.Need significantly reduce the inverter output frequency this moment makes the faster deceleration of motor, and the unnecessary electric energy that Brake Energy that produces when motor slows down and photovoltaic cell send is stored in the electrochemical capacitor together, impels capacitance voltage to raise, and increases the power output of photovoltaic cell conversely.
(9) power output of vector V 8 expression photovoltaic cells is reducing but voltage is rising in the IV quadrant.Photovoltaic cell is operated in the characteristic right side of Fig. 3, also is in state.This kind situation need improve the inverter output frequency and quicken by motor, make load consumption power greater than the photovoltaic cell power output, not enough electric energy is provided by electrochemical capacitor, can reduce capacitance voltage like this, stop the further downslide of photovoltaic cell power, and impel the photovoltaic cell working point to move to the maximum power point direction.
(10) vector V 1 and V5 represent that the constant but voltage of the power output of photovoltaic cell is raising or reducing.Photovoltaic cell is operated near the characteristic summit of Fig. 3.This moment, system balancing was at the maximum service rating point, so promptly keep motor rotary speed constant as long as keep inverter frequency.
(11) vector V 3 and V7 represent that variation has taken place photovoltaic cell power output when constant voltage moves.Typical example is exactly that intensity of sunshine has changed, and photovoltaic cell working point one Gent linearity curve from Fig. 3 jumps to another root curve.Need follow the size that intensity of sunshine changes this moment, correspondingly increases and decreases the inverter output frequency, makes system works point that big skew not take place substantially, is stabilized on each characteristic maximum power point always.
(13) as seen from the above analysis, the variation track of 1 vector that constitutes according to 2 sampled datas of photovoltaic cell power output voltage also can judge the acceleration and deceleration of motor basically in theory.But in actual applications, because the influence of intensity of sunshine, temperature and some other factor exists and judges possibility untimely or that erroneous judgement is disconnected.Some occasion because judgement is incorrect, can cause the rapid reduction of system voltage, and it is out of control to cause control system deadlock or system.Therefore, it is more satisfactory that 2 vectors that adopted last time, last time and current 3 sampled datas constitute decide the increase and decrease speed of motor.
(14) because motor etc. generally all are inertia loads, the size of rotational speed regulation amplitude might make the working point break through maximum power point near maximum power point the time.The variation of therefore, load frequency will with the proportional adjustment of the difference of photovoltaic cell and bearing power.
Claims (5)
1. solar energy power generating drive system with automatic tracking photovoltaic cell maximum power point, this system comprise as shown in Figure 1 solar photovoltaic cell panel 1, the direct current of solar cell output are transformed to the formations such as inverter 2, maximal power tracing controller 3 and variable-ratio load device 4 of alternating current.Aforementioned solar energy power generating drive system is by the voltage and current of the multi-point sampling photovoltaic cell more than 3 or 3, obtain 2 or a plurality of power-voltage vector, utilize the pattern matching of 2 or a plurality of power-voltage vectors again, the output frequency of control inverter 5 comes regulating load power, the maximum power of load consumption power and solar cell is balanced each other, reach the purpose of following the tracks of the point control of photovoltaic cell maximum power.
2. power-the voltage vector in the claim project 1, be meant on photovoltaic cell power-voltage chevron curve as shown in Figure 2 that as shown in Figure 38 diverse vectors and a zero vector represented in any 2 variable power available horsepower-voltages (P-V) coordinate system.The classical group of 2 adjacent in time power-voltage vectors amounts to and can form 16 kinds of changing pattern couplings shown in Figure 4, and the inverter output frequency is adjusted according to these 16 kinds of patterns.Require higher occasion in control precision, also can be combined into more pattern matching by 3 or a plurality of power-voltage vector.The pattern matching of aforesaid these 2 or a plurality of power-voltage vectors can correctly show photovoltaic cell certain at sunshine for output characteristic variation when sunshine changing, it also is the adjusting direction of power output that control system decides next step output frequency according to pattern matching, i.e. decision increases or reduce power output.
3. in aforementioned claim project, the size that the required adjusting output frequency of control system changes is judged divided by single step DC voltage change amount by the single step power variation shown in the formula (1).Promptly have:
Δ f is the variable quantity of next step control system output frequency in the formula; Δ P is the single step power variation; Δ V is a single step DC voltage change amount, and K is for adjusting coefficient.
4. in request items 3, control system is regulated output frequency according to certain time interval, output current, output voltage and the power of sampling solar photovoltaic cell panel.This time interval can be set to 1 carrier cycle, also can be set to a plurality of carrier cycles, and way more generally is to be set to one tens of milliseconds cycle, for example 50msec separately.
5. in request items 4, the output current of solar photovoltaic cell panel, the sampling period of output voltage are undertaken by half of carrier cycle or carrier cycle.By electric current, the voltage power of each carrier cycle, calculate average power, average voltage and average current in the aforementioned whole frequency adjustment cycle.
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| WO2012129779A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | 阿特斯(中国)投资有限公司 | Photovoltaic system |
| CN103944508A (en) * | 2014-03-22 | 2014-07-23 | 联合光伏（深圳）有限公司 | Performance optimization and diagnosis method for photovoltaic array |
| CN103986182A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-08-13 | 云南师范大学 | Photovoltaic grid connected system based on power line carrier communication |
| CN104185936A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-12-03 | 索尤若驱动有限及两合公司 | Energy harvesting system with energy accumulator and method for operating an energy harvesting system |
| CN104956283A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-09-30 | 夏普株式会社 | Solar energy utilization system, and cool box, air conditioner or pump included therein |
| CN105207506A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Control method, device and system of inverter |
| CN106982023A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-07-25 | Ls 产电株式会社 | Inverter |
| CN107831818A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-03-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT methods for solar power generation |
| CN111679713A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-18 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking method for direct calculation |
| CN115953042A (en) * | 2023-03-10 | 2023-04-11 | 山东创宇环保科技有限公司 | Distributed energy optimization control management method based on expert system |
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| CN103222181A (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2013-07-24 | 阿特斯(中国)投资有限公司 | Photovoltaic system |
| WO2012129779A1 (en) * | 2011-03-29 | 2012-10-04 | 阿特斯(中国)投资有限公司 | Photovoltaic system |
| CN104185936A (en) * | 2012-02-07 | 2014-12-03 | 索尤若驱动有限及两合公司 | Energy harvesting system with energy accumulator and method for operating an energy harvesting system |
| CN104956283A (en) * | 2013-02-04 | 2015-09-30 | 夏普株式会社 | Solar energy utilization system, and cool box, air conditioner or pump included therein |
| CN103986182A (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2014-08-13 | 云南师范大学 | Photovoltaic grid connected system based on power line carrier communication |
| CN103944508A (en) * | 2014-03-22 | 2014-07-23 | 联合光伏（深圳）有限公司 | Performance optimization and diagnosis method for photovoltaic array |
| US9871466B2 (en) | 2014-06-25 | 2018-01-16 | Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. | Inverter switching frequency control method and apparatus |
| CN105207506A (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Control method, device and system of inverter |
| WO2015196773A1 (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2015-12-30 | 华为技术有限公司 | Inverter control method, device and system |
| CN105207506B (en) * | 2014-06-25 | 2017-12-29 | 华为技术有限公司 | A kind of control method of inverter, device and system |
| CN106982023A (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2017-07-25 | Ls 产电株式会社 | Inverter |
| CN106982023B (en) * | 2016-01-18 | 2019-05-31 | Ls 产电株式会社 | Inverter |
| US11296639B2 (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2022-04-05 | Lsis Co., Ltd. | Inverter |
| CN107831818A (en) * | 2017-09-18 | 2018-03-23 | 浙江大学 | A kind of MPPT methods for solar power generation |
| CN111679713A (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2020-09-18 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking method for direct calculation |
| CN111679713B (en) * | 2020-06-28 | 2022-03-08 | 齐鲁工业大学 | Photovoltaic maximum power point tracking method for direct calculation |
| CN115992995A (en) * | 2023-01-17 | 2023-04-21 | 青岛海尔空调器有限总公司 | Air conditioner control method and device and air conditioner |
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