CN101839795A - The leak diagnostic systems of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler and method - Google Patents
The leak diagnostic systems of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to the monitoring and the diagnosis of boiler operatiopn state, relate more specifically to a kind of leak diagnostic systems and method of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.This leak diagnostic systems comprises: monitoring device, and it comprises a plurality of sensors at each place, monitoring point that is arranged on the boiler unit, described sensor is used for real-time sensing and writes down the operational factor of boiler unit; Memory storage stores the operational factor of boiler unit under nominal situation in the described memory storage; Decision maker, it is communicated with described monitoring device and described memory storage, and can receive from the real-time parameter of described monitoring device and according to described memory storage in parameter judge relatively whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking; It is characterized in that when the real-time parameter from described monitoring device was higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor in the described memory storage and reaches predetermined threshold, described decision maker judged that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the monitoring and the diagnosis of boiler operatiopn state, relate more specifically to a kind of leak diagnostic systems and method of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
Background technology
At present, in the production run of large-scale thermal power machine group, the subject matter concentrated reflection that influences the fired power generating unit available rate is on boiler plant, and the subject matter of boiler to be leakage of pressure bearing pipe-particularly " four pipes " leak the unplanned stoppage in transit that causes, four main tubes of boiler (is an economizer, water-cooling wall, superheater, reheater) leakage accounts for about 30% of all kinds of total number of accident, it is influence that thermal power plant keeps the safety in production, a big suffering of stable operation that the unit that has even up to the ratio of 50%-70%, boiler " four pipes " leak always.Along with development of electric power industry, the generator tube Leak Detection is improved day by day in the requirement aspect performance, real-time, the accuracy.Pressure-bearing pipe of boiler is installed is leaked the initial leak source that the on-line intelligence diagnostic system can real-time online detects boiler, reduce the loss of the quick-fried leakage of generator tube, improve the security and the stability of unit, avoid taking place major accident.
At home and abroad the main method of the pressure-bearing pipe of boiler leak detection of extensive exploitation and application is the voice print analysis method at present.It to the effect that is core with the computing machine, based on acoustics and relevant mathematical theory, mechanism to boiler leakage is analyzed, leak the reason and the feature that form according to generator tube and set up the boiler leakage model, the spectral characteristic of leakage noise is along with the increase meeting of leaking the aperture is moved to the low frequency direction, the amplitude of leakage noise can increase along with the increase of leaking the aperture simultaneously, so when carrying out the boiler leakage detection, can tentatively judge to leak whether take place according to leaking frequecy characteristic, and seek the noise characteristic of boiler leakage.Also can judge the trend of leaking development simultaneously according to the variation of variation of leaking frequecy characteristic and amplitude.
This leakage alarm system is made up of waveguide, sensor, transmitter and display alarm system.During boiler operatiopn, the pressure of its pressure-bearing heating surface interior media (water or steam) is higher, usually greater than 10Mpa.When heating surface cracks or during hole, can produce the noise signal of frequency band broad when high-temperature high-pressure medium is gone out the slit.This wide band noise signal is conducted stove internal leakage noise to sensor by the waveguide that is installed on the boiler setting, sensor is converted to electric signal with noise in the stove, send the change sending processor to by cable, transmitter is with the amplification of micro voltage signal, filtering and carry out signal spectral analysis, and voltage signal is converted to 4～20mA current signal of standard, be transferred to the display alarm system, transmitter is passed to the switching value signal and the burner hearth ambient noise signal in addition of display alarm system simultaneously.In the display alarm system, its software after function model calculates, compares, demonstrates the power of noise according to the signal that receives on display, take place and the position to have judged whether to leak.
Yet, because the running noises in burner hearth and the flue, and the influence of blowing grey process of boiler sootblower, the leakage process of boiler heating surface is the ten minutes complicated physical process under strong background noise, boiler leakage generation, the rule of development and various feature are difficult to guarantee in early days, accurately report to the police, just when boiler heating surface took place to cause the more intense signal of noise than gross leak, leak detection system can detect, and sends the leakage alarm signal.Therefore, there is the phenomenon of newspaper, wrong report late in existing system.
Summary of the invention
In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of leak diagnostic systems of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler, this system comprises: monitoring device, and it comprises a plurality of sensors at each place, monitoring point that is arranged on the boiler unit, described sensor is used for real-time sensing and writes down the operational factor of boiler unit; Memory storage stores the operational factor of boiler unit under nominal situation in the described memory storage; Decision maker, it is communicated with described monitoring device and described memory storage, and can receive from the real-time parameter of described monitoring device and according to described memory storage in parameter judge relatively whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking; It is characterized in that when the real-time parameter from described monitoring device was higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor in the described memory storage and reaches predetermined threshold, described decision maker judged that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
Above-mentioned leak diagnostic systems during with the boiler steady-state operation unit parameter substantially constant (global energy balance) be principle, by real-time monitoring parameter and steady-state operation parameter are compared, can find to leak and make in early days diagnosis more in time, therefore having avoided is the shortcoming that the existing leak detection system of means may be subjected to the influence of unit natural noise with the audio frequency.This system can realize by existing discrete control system (DCS) is improved, and has therefore given full play to the potentiality of existing resource, has appreciable economic benefit.
In a preferred embodiment, when make-up water percentage 〉=5% that shows the boiler unit from the parameter of described monitoring device and duration 〉=30 minute, described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.The make-up water percentage of boiler unit design is generally 1%, and when taking place to leak, part carbonated drink leaks outside, and can not recycle, and for keeping boiler-steam dome, steam turbine oxygen-eliminating device, condenser water level, the rate of water make-up of unit will significantly increase, and leaks the loss of steam and water that causes to replenish.
In a preferred embodiment, when showing that from the parameter of described monitoring device described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler when satisfying following in every at least one: the flue gas temperature difference 〉=50 of both sides ℃ and duration 〉=30 minute in the boiler flue; Flue gas pressure reduction 〉=the 100Pa of both sides and duration 〉=15 minute in the boiler flue; Negative pressure in the boiler furnace 〉=+50Pa and duration 〉=5 minute; The recruitment of boiler smoke 〉=5% and duration 〉=10 minute; Reduction amount 〉=20 of exhaust gas temperature ℃ and duration 〉=10 minute; The current increment of induced draft fan 〉=5% and duration 〉=15 minute.When pressure-bearing pipe of boiler take place to leak, to press near the monitoring point as each cigarette temperature, the cigarette of leakage point in air and flue system, some obvious variation can take place in the displayed value of these monitoring points, and this judges for leakage analyzing provides foundation.
In a preferred embodiment, when showing from the parameter of described monitoring device that unit load obviously reduces but the oxygen level of boiler smoke when obviously not increasing, described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.When pressure-bearing pipe of boiler leaked, because the pressure release of leakage point can slowly descend main steam pressure, unit load also can reduce with the reduction of main vapour pressure.
In a preferred embodiment, when showing that from the parameter of described monitoring device described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler when satisfying following in every at least one: the variable quantity of the pipe surface temperature of superheater and reheater 〉=5% and duration 〉=10 minute; Amount 〉=5% of the desuperheating water overrate of superheater and reheater and duration 〉=5 minute, but unit load is constant and the oxygen level of boiler smoke obviously increases.When pressure-bearing pipe of boiler takes place to leak, cause the part thermal loss because of carbonated drink leakage, keep unit load, the then essential boiler fuel amount that increases, the flue gas flow of furnace outlet can increase, and the cigarette temperature rise increases boiler wall temperature overtemperature and desuperheating water flow.
In a preferred embodiment, described memory storage also comprises the sub-device of the history parameters that is used to put down in writing pressure-bearing pipe of boiler; And wherein when from the parameter of described monitoring device when being recorded in history parameters in the described sub-device and coincideing, described decision maker directly makes a determination according to the record of described sub-device.The historical data of described sub-device is received from described decision maker, and these history parameters not only comprise the real-time parameter of participation comparison and the stable state parameter under the nominal situation, also comprise decision process and result of determination corresponding to concrete parameter.So, when having consistance between the operational factor that receives at different time, decision maker just can directly make a determination according to the result of determination of putting down in writing in this sub-device, thereby saves time and improve system responsiveness.For example, when judging that according to all real-time parameters that receive leaking appears in water-cooling wall at time point T1 decision maker, so when receiving identical at time point T2 or during essentially identical parameter with time point T1, decision maker can directly provide the result of determination that leakage appears in water-cooling wall, and need not to carry out follow-up analysis and decision.
In a preferred embodiment, described pressure-bearing pipe of boiler comprises four main tubes of boiler-be economizer, water-cooling wall, superheater and reheater.As mentioned above, the leakage of four main tubes of boiler accounts for the about 30% of all kinds of total number of accident, the unit that has even up to the ratio of 50%-70%, and it is a big suffering that influences thermal power plant's safety in production, stable operation always.Therefore, the diagnosis that four main tubes of boiler is leaked is the most important thing of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler leak diagnostics.
In a preferred embodiment, described decision maker also comprises the sub-device that is used to judge concrete leak position, and described sub-device is according to judging the particular location that leakage takes place from the parameter of described monitoring device and the corresponding relation of particular sensor.Those skilled in the art can be understood that, can carry out classification and marking to all the sensors according to set structure or pressure-bearing tubing type, and make from the real-time parameter of each sensor corresponding one by one with this sensor.So, when occurring significantly deviation according to certain or some parameters and judge that leaking appears in the pressure-bearing pipe, just can directly lock the sensor that parameter is provided, thus directly or indirectly roughly locking the position of leaking appears.
In a preferred embodiment, described leak diagnostic systems further comprises the display device that is communicated with described decision maker, and described display device is used for showing with the video and/or audio form result of determination of described decision maker.This display device also can be described as warning device, and being used for provides the associative operation prompting according to result of determination to the operator, takes measures so that remedy as early as possible.
According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a kind of leakage diagnosing method of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler, and this method also comprises the following steps: to monitor in real time the operational factor of boiler unit; The operational factor of storage boiler unit under nominal situation; Real time execution parameter and nominal situation operational factor according to the boiler unit judge whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking; It is characterized in that, when described real time execution parameter is higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor and reaches predetermined threshold, judge that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
By below in conjunction with accompanying drawing to detailed description of the preferred embodiment, above-mentioned and other feature and advantage of the present invention will become clear.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the functional block diagram according to the leak diagnostic systems of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following description only is exemplary in essence, is not to be used to limit the present invention, its application or purposes.Those skilled in the art can be understood that; under the situation of the ultimate principle that does not change technical solution of the present invention; can make the multiple remodeling and the modification of structure of the present invention and/or its building block, these remodeling and modification all will fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The core technology that pressure-bearing pipe of boiler of the present invention leaks intelligent diagnosis system is that neural network and expert system organically combine, adopt the neuron fuzzy control theory, utilization is based on self-learning function, function of associate memory, the distributed treatment informational function of neural network, utilize the information retentivity of network to finish coarse diagnostic reasoning, can simulate expertise, intuition rather than intricate reasoning process preferably.This leak diagnostics comes down to a state recognition and assorting process, is the running status of coming Real time identification boiler unit according to the various state parameters of sensor measurement, in case boiler takes place unusually promptly to diagnose and analyze, finds out failure cause.More particularly, system and method of the present invention makes full use of the balance principle of boiler medium (water and vapour) or energy (flue gas), according to the variation of feedwater flow, main steam flow amount, burner hearth and each section of flue cigarette temperature, each section steam temperature, wall temperature, economizer water temperature and air preheater wind-warm syndrome, combustion chamber draft, air inducing amount etc. and the variation analysis-by-synthesis of desuperheating water flow.For example, unit summation of the total confluent of boiler, total spray water flux and soot blower steam consumption and total quantity of steam, continuous blowdown system of boiler and periodic blow down under different loads should be in equilibrium state.
Below in conjunction with phenomenon and the parameter variation of power plant's large-sized boiler " four pipes " when taking place to leak technical scheme of the present invention is described in more detail.It should be understood that, following description only is exemplary and not restrictive, technical scheme of the present invention not only can be applied to the boiler of the other types except that power plant's large-sized boiler, can also be applied to other bearing pipes except that boiler " four pipes ".
(1) phenomenon of leakage takes place in boiler " four pipes "
Phenomenon when four main tubes of boiler leaks has a lot of similar places, can carry out analysis and judgement from following several respects and also be confirmed when taking place to leak.
(1) the unit make-up water percentage significantly increases
Unit summation of the total confluent of boiler, total spray water flux and soot blower steam consumption and total quantity of steam, continuous blowdown system of boiler and periodic blow down under different loads should be in equilibrium state.Under the operating mode that unit load changes, a certain part takes place but the variation of short time in boiler drum level, deaerator level or condenser water level, and whole boiler circuit should be in state in a basic balance, the situation of boiler feedwater should not occur rolling up for a long time.The make-up water percentage of boiler design is generally 1%, and when four main tubes of boiler leaked, part carbonated drink leaked outside, can not recycle, for keeping boiler-steam dome, steam turbine oxygen-eliminating device, condenser water level, the rate of water make-up of unit will significantly increase, leak the loss of steam and water that causes to replenish, the main phenomenon of this respect is:
(a) under the constant substantially operating mode of unit thermal load and electric load, for keeping normal water level of drum, boiler feedwater flow is greater than steam flow, deviation increases more to some extent, as the difference of Total Feedwater Flow and total steam flow (under the constant situation of boiler blow-off amount) 〉=5%-10%, time 30-60 minute (min), mainly judge with steam flow amount, continuous blowdown system of boiler and periodic blow down flow by measuring boiler feedwater flow, steam flow, total desuperheating water flow, soot blower.In addition, when leakage is serious, must reduces boiler load and could satisfy unit moisturizing requirement, just can keep the situation of unit operation.
(b) increase because of feedwater flow, deaerator level reduces, for keeping deaerator level, condensing water flow increases than normal value, the condenser water level reduces, and for keeping the condenser water level, must strengthen the condenser rate of water make-up, when leaking greatly, need to start the desalination water pump or reduce the needs that unit load could satisfy the condenser moisturizing.Under the constant substantially operating mode of unit thermal load and electric load, mainly judge by measuring feedwater flow, condensing water flow and condenser rate of water make-up, when measure feedwater flow, condensing water flow and condenser rate of water make-up all 〉=5%-10%, time 〉=30min.
(2) parameter of air and flue system changes
When four main tubes of boiler leaks, to press near the measuring point as leakage point each cigarette temperature, cigarette in air and flue system, some obvious variation can take place in the displayed value of these measuring points, and this provides foundation to analysis and judgement, and these phenomenons specifically are reflected as:
(a) the input operating mode when boiler-burner does not have special variation, when boiler blows ash, and the deviation generation significant change of the boiler furnace outlet cigarette temperature left and right sides, leakage side carbonated drink is leaked the cigarette temperature is descended, and opposite side normal value is approaching.Carbonated drink is leaked and to be caused the flue both sides the bigger cigarette temperature difference to occur, the temperature difference 〉=50 ℃, time 〉=30min.
(b) burning in the boiler furnace is to burn at micro-vacuum state, when boiler blows ash work, negative pressure measuring point near leakage point in the boiler flue shows negative pressure value decline or becomes malleation that the both sides cigarette presses deviation to increase pressure reduction 〉=100Pa, time 〉=15min near the flue of leakage point.
(c) because the pressure of carbonated drink is higher, when taking place to leak, combustion chamber draft moment anyway, and fluctuation can not take place, this combustion chamber draft that causes with boiler combustion instability fluctuation has obviously different, unstable combustion regularly, positive and negative recurrent fluctuations can take place in combustion chamber draft, when combustion chamber draft moment takes place anyway during phenomenon, promptly combustion chamber draft 〉=+50Pa, time 〉=5min.Put into practice verifiedly, combustion chamber draft reaches+100Pa, and boiler leakage is just quite serious.
(d) leakage enters the carbonated drink of burner hearth after step-down and high temperature heating, volume sharply expands, under the constant situation of blowing, exhaust gas volumn increases (increasing 5%-10%, time 10min-20min), and exhaust gas temperature reduce (〉=20 ℃, time 〉=10min), cause the burner hearth malleation (〉=+20Pa, time 〉=5min).Simultaneously, keep boiler furnace to move under the negative pressure operating mode, air inducing is exerted oneself to increase and just can be kept combustion chamber draft.The increase so induced draft fan is exerted oneself causes the blower motor electric current to increase, current of electric increases 〉=5%, time 〉=during 15min.
(3) variation of unit load
When unit load was stablized, boiler combustion amount was constant, boiler air-supply volume is constant, and the flue gas oxygen content of boiler can not take place significantly to change, and main vapour pressure can not have too big variation.When four main tubes of boiler leaks, because the pressure release of leakage point, main steam pressure can slowly be descended, unit load also can reduce with main vapour pressure, this phenomenon and steam coal qualitative change difference have tangible difference, when steam coal qualitative change difference, under the constant situation of air output, the oxygen level of flue gas can significantly increase, and the flue gas coefficient of excess air will increase (7%-10%, time 15min-30min).
(4) superheater, reheater system
Boiler is normally in service, cross, the variable quantity of the pipe surface temperature of reheater should be less than 5% (corresponding threshold condition be variable quantity 〉=5%, time 〉=10min).Simultaneously, cross, the reheater spray water flux can overrate (5%-10%, time 〉=5min, and very big deviation (〉=5%) can take place.During boiler leakage, cause the portion of hot loss, keep unit load because of carbonated drink leakage, the essential boiler fuel amount that increases, the flue gas flow of furnace outlet increases, the cigarette temperature rise, and boiler wall temperature overtemperature and desuperheating water flow are increased.Similar phenomena when this and furnace bottom leak out (as the dragveyer lack of water) should be treated with a certain discrimination, and difference mainly contains 2 points: the one, and unit load can not change when furnace bottom leaked out; The 2nd, the boiler smoke oxygen level can significantly increase when leak out in the end.
In addition, when four main tubes of boiler leaked, because of flue gas, steam bias current, deviation can take place in the desuperheating water flow of the boiler left and right sides, and a side desuperheating water pitch aperture is much larger than opposite side aperture (〉=10%).
(2) parameter after the quick-fried leakage of different heating surfaces changes
(1) water screen tube blasting phenomena
(a) furnace pressure increases or negative pressure just becomes, and unstable;
(b) burner hearth imprecision place outwards smolders, unstable combustion or cause fire extinguishing when serious;
(c) the cigarette temperature difference in both sides increases, and the boiler exhaust gas temperature drop is low, and each section steam temperature, vapour pressure, steam flow descend;
(d) steam water-level descends rapidly, and drum pressure, overheated steam pressure and feed pressure descend when serious;
(e) feedwater flow increases greater than steam flow, speed of feedwater undesiredly;
When (f) the throwing air quantity was regulated automatically, induced draft fan inlet stator blade is abnormal to be left greatly, and electric current rises.
(2) economizer tube blasting phenomena
(a) steam water-level descends rapidly, and feedwater flow is abnormal greater than steam flow;
(b) behind leakage, the booster place, leak the side exhaust gas temperature and descend, hot blast temperature, exhaust gas temperature reduce;
(c) both sides, the economizer back flue gas temperature difference increases, and air preheater two side outlet wind-warm syndrome differences increase, and both sides exhaust gas temperature difference is big;
(d) pressure of flue is little negative pressure, the local malleation of leak;
(e) wet ash or emit vapour is arranged in the furnace hopper of economizer bottom, the dust leg temperature rises;
(f) combustion chamber draft reduces or just becomes, and when induced draft fan stator blade adjusting input was automatic, the induced draft fan stator blade is abnormal to be left greatly, and electric current increases also swing.
(3) superheater tube blasting phenomena
(a) furnace pressure increases or combustion chamber draft just becomes, and unstable;
(b) main steam pressure descends, and increases fuel and still descends, and steam flow is abnormal less than feedwater flow;
(c) leak side cigarette temperature and descend, the both sides cigarette temperature difference increases;
(d) the induced draft fan stator blade is abnormal opens greatly, and electric current rises.
(4) reheater tube blasting phenomena
(a) furnace pressure increases or negative pressure just becomes, and unstable;
(b) reheated steam pressure descends, and under the constant situation of load, main steam flow increases;
(c) booster side cigarette temperature descends, and the both sides cigarette temperature difference increases;
When (d) induced draft fan stator blade adjusting throwing was automatic, the induced draft fan stator blade is undesired to be left greatly, and running current increases;
(e) acting that causes intermediate pressure cylinder descends, and under the main steam flow of equivalent, causes electric load to descend.
(3) parameter after the quick-fried leakage of different heating surfaces changes relatively
With regard to amount of leakage, onesize cut, economizer, water-cooling wall are greater than superheater, and superheater is greater than reheater; Because the difference of mass velocity, to the expansion of cut own, to the souring of adjacent channel, also be economizer, water-cooling wall greater than superheater, superheater is greater than reheater; To the influence of exhaust gas temperature, be equally economizer, water-cooling wall greater than superheater, superheater is greater than reheater.Below, analyze with regard to the similarities and differences of the quick-fried leakage of all kinds of heating surfaces.
(1) economizer and water-cooling wall booster
The identical point of the two: (a) because onesize cut, the mass of medium flow that leaks is big, make speed that steam water-level descends, feedwater flow and main steam flow amount difference, explosion place leakage sound and from imprecision outwards emit steam and exhaust gas volumn, negative pressure rate of change, to throw automatic induced draft fan electric current increase amplitude etc. all big than other heating surface booster.(b) in like manner, to itself the leak point push the speed and stronger to the souring of adjacent tube wall than other heating surface booster.(c) because onesize cut, not only the mass of medium flow of Guo Louing is big, simultaneously, because the medium in economizer and the water screen tube is a water, leak sharply vaporization of back, absorb a large amount of latent heats of vaporization, so the situation the when deviate of the drop-out value of flue-gas temperature and both sides cigarette temperature is far longer than other heating surface booster.
The difference of the two: (a) because economizer is arranged in back-end ductwork, thereby to main steam temperature, the influence of reheat steam temperature is very little, and the water-cooling wall booster descends furnace outlet gas temperature, so to main steam temperature, the influence of reheat steam temperature is very big.(b) the economizer booster easily leaks ash, leaks at dust leg imprecision place.(c) the water-cooling wall booster can make the flame obfuscation, and unstable combustion easily causes fire extinguishing.(d) have only three when the flue-gas temperature measuring point, and be arranged in air preheater inlet, outlet, and induced draft fan outlet, so other each section flue-gas temperature can't directly be judged, by contrast, the economizer booster is to flue-gas temperature (having measuring point), and especially the influence of exhaust gas temperature is bigger than water-cooling wall booster.(e) have three groups when the negative pressure measuring point, and be arranged near the furnace outlet furnace arch, furnace nose, back-end ductwork and induced draft fan inlet, so to combustion chamber draft to influence the water-cooling wall booster bigger than economizer booster, and to flue negative pressure to influence the economizer booster bigger than water-cooling wall booster.
(2) wall type reheater, large-size screen monitors, back screen superheater, screen formula reheater booster
Identical point: (a) flame obfuscation, the shakiness of catching fire, easily fire extinguishing.(b) big to the combustion chamber draft influence.Difference: (a) owing to onesize cut, the mass of medium flow difference of leakage, the superheater booster is bigger than reheater booster flow, thereby destructiveness is bigger.(b) to the difference that influences of steam water-level, the superheater booster, to the influence of steam water-level greater than of the influence of reheater booster to steam water-level.(c) to the difference that influences of feedwater flow, the superheater booster, to the influence of feedwater flow greater than of the influence of reheater booster to steam water-level.(d) behind the reheater booster, reheated steam pressure descends, and outlet reheated steam flow descends.(e) wall type reheater booster, thereafter flue-gas temperature descends, temperature before superheater two, three, one-level attemperator descends, temperature decline (homonymy) before the reheater trace direct-contact desuperheater, deviation increases, superheater one-level attemperator is arranged on the wall superheater influent header, and its temperature depends primarily on low temperature superheater, so when analyzing booster to the influencing of steam temperature.(f) wall superheater booster, the temperature before superheater two, three, one-level attemperator descends, and temperature just descends (homonymy) before the reheater trace direct-contact desuperheater, and deviation increases.(g) back screen superheater booster, before reheater trace direct-contact desuperheater and the temperature before the superheater three, one-level attemperator just begin to descend (homonymy), deviation increases.(h) screen formula reheater booster, the same with back screen superheater booster to the trend that influences of cigarette temperature, steam temperature, the parameter difference only is a screen formula reheater booster, and reheated steam pressure descends, and outlet reheated steam flow descends.
(3) high temperature reheater, high temperature superheater booster
Difference: (a) owing to onesize cut, the mass of medium flow difference of leakage, the superheater booster is bigger than reheater booster flow, thereby destructiveness is bigger.(b) to the difference that influences of steam water-level, the superheater booster, to the influence of steam water-level greater than of the influence of reheater booster to steam water-level.(c) to the difference that influences of feedwater flow, the superheater booster, to the influence of feedwater flow greater than of the influence of reheater booster to steam water-level.(d) behind the reheater booster, reheated steam pressure descends, and outlet reheated steam flow descends.(e) high temperature reheater booster, flue-gas temperature descends thereafter, and the temperature before three grades of attemperators of superheater descends (homonymy), and deviation increases.And the high temperature superheater booster thereafter flue-gas temperature descend low outlet temperature descended.
(4) steam and each enclosure wall tube booster
This part superheater is because area is big, quick-fried leak the back to each section flue gas, influence each nearest heating surface of same distance, the influence of main steam temperature is had two aspects: one is similar to low temperature superheater; They are two years old, be similar to each nearest heating surface, so not so good judgement, but because the arranged direction and the flow of flue gas direction of this part superheater are basic identical, substantially be not subjected to the effect of flyash impact, be subjected to the effect of flying dust cutting also to be far smaller than other heating surface, their booster depends primarily on installation, welding technology, and the probability of booster is much smaller than other heating surface.
With reference to the accompanying drawings system and method for the present invention is described, as shown in Figure 1, comprises monitoring device, memory storage and decision maker according to the leak diagnostic systems of pressure-bearing pipe of boiler of the present invention.Monitoring device comprises a plurality of sensors at each place, monitoring point that is arranged on the boiler unit, described sensor is used for real-time sensing and writes down the operational factor of boiler unit, the quantity of sensor and the position is set depends on multiple factor (for example the tenure of use of boiler structure, each building block etc.), and can influence the accuracy of system diagnostics to a certain extent.Store the operational factor of boiler unit under nominal situation in the memory storage, these parameters are also referred to as the stable state parameter, can be by experiment, mode such as real-time collecting and processing obtains, and can be stored as forms such as question blank or mapping.Decision maker all is communicated with monitoring device and memory storage, its receive from the real-time parameter of monitoring device and according to memory storage in parameter judge relatively whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking.More particularly, when the real-time parameter from monitoring device was higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor in the memory storage and reaches predetermined threshold, decision maker just judged that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
According to the present invention, described pressure-bearing pipe of boiler (particularly four main tubes of boiler) leaks intelligent diagnosis system can give full play to the potentiality that have resource based on existing DCS system.System will judge operating states of the units in observation process.Introduced the target load of unit, real-time load, utilized relation between them to realize judgement operating states of the units.When detect moment when desired value and instantaneous value occurring deviation being arranged significantly, just can judge be varying load at first, just can differentiate lifting load according to the positive and negative of difference again.Based on the boiler of power plant global energy balance, by gathering the real time execution parameter of first floor system, according to historical data, heat power equipment economical operation status surveillance model by means of system, the service data of real-time calculation and analysis heat power equipment, system's operation deviation, the operation conditions of qualitative analysis and evaluation pressure-bearing pipe of boiler, in time, point out leakage of pressure bearing pipe position and leakiness exactly, to satisfy the real-time intelligent diagnosis requirement of boiler of power plant pressure-bearing pipe running status, and can carry out accident to leakage of pressure bearing pipe follows the tracks of, analyze the state of development of leakage of pressure bearing pipe, propose the operation instruction.
Implement optimal mode of the present invention although described in detail, but those skilled in the art can be understood that, under the situation that does not depart from the claims restricted portion, can make various changes to structure of the present invention and building block thereof etc., to adapt to specific application scenario and environment.
Claims (10)
1. the leak diagnostic systems of a pressure-bearing pipe of boiler comprises:
Monitoring device, it comprises a plurality of sensors at each place, monitoring point that is arranged on the boiler unit, described sensor is used for real-time sensing and writes down the operational factor of boiler unit;
Memory storage stores the operational factor of boiler unit under nominal situation in the described memory storage;
Decision maker, it is communicated with described monitoring device and described memory storage, and can receive from the real-time parameter of described monitoring device and according to described memory storage in parameter judge relatively whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking;
It is characterized in that when the real-time parameter from described monitoring device was higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor in the described memory storage and reaches predetermined threshold, described decision maker judged that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
2. leak diagnostic systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when make-up water percentage 〉=5% that shows the boiler unit from the parameter of described monitoring device and duration 〉=30 minute, described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
3. leak diagnostic systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when showing that from the parameter of described monitoring device described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler when satisfying following in every at least one:
The flue gas temperature difference 〉=50 of both sides ℃ and duration 〉=30 minute in the boiler flue;
Flue gas pressure reduction 〉=the 100Pa of both sides and duration 〉=15 minute in the boiler flue;
Negative pressure in the boiler furnace 〉=+50Pa and duration 〉=5 minute;
The recruitment of boiler smoke 〉=5% and duration 〉=10 minute;
Reduction amount 〉=20 of exhaust gas temperature ℃ and duration 〉=10 minute;
The current increment of induced draft fan 〉=5% and duration 〉=15 minute.
4. leak diagnostic systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when showing from the parameter of described monitoring device that unit load obviously reduces but the oxygen level of boiler smoke when obviously not increasing, described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
5. leak diagnostic systems as claimed in claim 1, wherein, when showing that from the parameter of described monitoring device described decision maker judges that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler when satisfying following in every at least one:
Pipe surface temperature variable quantity 〉=5% of superheater and reheater and duration 〉=10 minute;
Amount 〉=5% of the desuperheating water overrate of superheater and reheater and duration 〉=5 minute, but unit load is constant and the oxygen level of boiler smoke obviously increases.
6. as each described leak diagnostic systems among the claim 1-5, wherein, described memory storage also comprises the sub-device of the history parameters that is used to put down in writing pressure-bearing pipe of boiler; And wherein when from the parameter of described monitoring device when being recorded in history parameters in the described sub-device and coincideing, described decision maker directly makes a determination according to the record of described sub-device.
7. as each described leak diagnostic systems among the claim 1-5, wherein, described pressure-bearing pipe of boiler comprises four main tubes of boiler-be economizer, water-cooling wall, superheater and reheater.
8. as each described leak diagnostic systems among the claim 1-5, wherein, described decision maker also comprises the sub-device that is used to judge concrete leak position, and described sub-device is according to judging the particular location that leakage takes place from the parameter of described monitoring device and the corresponding relation of particular sensor.
9. as each described leak diagnostic systems among the claim 1-5, further comprise the display device that is communicated with described decision maker, described display device is used for showing with the video and/or audio form result of determination of described decision maker.
10. the leakage diagnosing method of a pressure-bearing pipe of boiler comprises the following steps:
Monitor the operational factor of boiler unit in real time;
The operational factor of storage boiler unit under nominal situation;
Real time execution parameter and nominal situation operational factor according to the boiler unit judge whether pressure-bearing pipe of boiler occurs leaking;
It is characterized in that, when described real time execution parameter is higher or lower than the nominal situation operational factor and reaches predetermined threshold, judge that leaking appears in pressure-bearing pipe of boiler.
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