CN101838888A - Method for preparing electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber - Google Patents
Method for preparing electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber Download PDFInfo
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- CN101838888A CN101838888A CN201010166400A CN201010166400A CN101838888A CN 101838888 A CN101838888 A CN 101838888A CN 201010166400 A CN201010166400 A CN 201010166400A CN 201010166400 A CN201010166400 A CN 201010166400A CN 101838888 A CN101838888 A CN 101838888A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber which can not only retain a plurality of original excellent properties of meta-aramid, but also have special functions of nano-fiber material. The method for preparing the electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber comprises the two aspects of dissolving meta-aramid fiber material and electrospinning meta-aramid fiber solution, wherein a meta-aramid fiber material dissolution system comprises halogen salt and a solvent which can be reacted with the halogen salt to form polar oxygen groups with complex macrocations, and the specific steps are as follows: firstly dissolving the meta-aramid material in the dissolution system for obtaining the meta-aramid fiber solution which has the mass percent of 0.01-30 percent, and then jetting under the high-pressure electrospinning condition for forming meta-aramid nano-fiber non-woven fabric which has the fiber diameter of 50 nm to 5 mu m, the average thickness of 0.01 mu m to 5 mm, the porosity of 60-90%, the tensile strength of 0.2-3MPa and the elastic elongation rate of 4-15 percent.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of nanometer material technology, relate in particular to a kind of preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber.
Background technology
The preparation of electrostatic spinning nano fiber and application study are the focuses in current nano materials research field, and existing at present hundreds of natural material and high molecular polymer are spun into nanofiber by successful static.In recent years, the static preparation of spinning the inorganic nano-fiber material also constantly obtains new breakthrough.The electrostatic spinning nano fiber material because of its distinctive performance biomaterial for medical purpose, high-performance filtering material, battery diaphragm, sensor, protective clothing and too can battery etc. various fields be with a wide range of applications.The research of electrostatic spinning technique and electrostatic spinning nano fiber material is paid much attention in countries in the world, and wherein Korean government is defined as following brand-new material with the electrostatic spinning nano fiber material, and correlation technique and application study are vigorously supported.Along with the breakthrough of many shower nozzles and no nozzle electrospinning technology, the industrialization obstacle of electrostatic spinning nano fiber is crossed over, and the emphasis of current research is the preparation of novel electrostatic spinning solution and the commercial application of electrostatic spinning nano fiber material.
Aramid fiber, carbon fiber and high-strength high-modulus polyethylene fiber are considered to current most important three kinds of high-performance fibers.Wherein, p-aramid fiber in the aramid fiber and meta-aramid have superhigh intensity, high-modulus and high temperature resistant, acid-fast alkali-proof, good characteristic such as in light weight, are used to military project, the contour pointed collar of aerospace territory.But up to the present the good solvent of aramid fiber is considerably less, and para-aramid fiber only is dissolved in the concentrated sulfuric acid of concentration more than 90%, and meta-aramid fibers only is dissolved in the dissolution system that minority contains halide salt.As in the paper " Structure andmorphology of small diameter electrospun aramid fibers " para-aramid fiber being dissolved in 95~98% the concentrated sulfuric acid, solution concentration is between 2~3%.Carry out electrostatic spinning under the 30kv high pressure, the formation diameter was the nanofiber about 40nm after water-bath was solidified, and this p-aramid fiber nanofiber has good thermal stability at 400 ℃ following.This article was delivered in 1994, did not after this have relevant subsequent research, mainly was because high-concentration sulfuric acid has high risk, and difficult volatilization, needed to separate out the formation nanofiber and be unfavorable for electrostatic spinning with coagulating bath.Current research to meta-aramid fibers mainly concentrates in the preparation and performance study of meta-aramid fibers composite.The research of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber aspect is less, on the one hand since the solvent that can be used to directly to dissolve meta-aramid fibers seldom, in addition, interaction makes solution viscosity and surface tension increase and is difficult to carry out electrostatic spinning between big molecule of meta-aramid fibers and the polar solvent.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: provide a kind of and not only kept the more original premium properties of meta-aramid simultaneously but also have a preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber of the specific function of nano-fiber material.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme of the present invention is: the preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber, comprise: meta-aramid fibers material (poly) dissolving and two aspects of meta-aramid fibers solution electrostatic spinning, the dissolution system of meta-aramid material is by halogen and the solvent composition that can form the polar oxygen group of complexing macrocation with halogen, at first, with the meta-aramid material dissolves in dissolution system, obtain mass percent and be 0.01%~30% meta-aramid fibers solution, then, spraying the formation fibre diameter under the high voltage spinning condition is 50nm~5 μ m, the nonwoven fabric average thickness is 0.01 μ m~5mm, porosity is 60%~90%, TENSILE STRENGTH is 0.2~3Mpa, elastic extension is 4~15% meta-aramid nano-fiber nonwoven fabric.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above better, further technical scheme of the present invention is: described solvent is: dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylacetylamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or 1.3-dimethyl 2-imidazolidinone (DMI).
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above better, further technical scheme of the present invention is: described halogen is: lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl
2), magnesium chloride (MgCl
2) lithium bromide (LiBr) or calcium bromide (CaBr
2).
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above better, further technical scheme of the present invention is: described high-voltage electrostatic spinning condition is: voltage 10~40kv, temperature-10~30 ℃, relative humidity 40~70%, taylor cone is to the distance 5~30cm of nano fiber non-woven fabric receiving system, spinning solution flow 0.2~2ml/h.
Advantage of the present invention is:
1, contain the dissolution system that polar oxygen group solvent and halogen form and can dissolve meta-aramid fibers at a lower temperature, the big molecule of meta-aramid fibers degrade not obvious in course of dissolution, and the solution property of preparation is stablized;
2, the adding of halogen helps the raising of meta-aramid electrostatic spinning solution electric conductivity in the dissolution system, in spinning process, easily spin the uniform meta-aramid nano-fiber of diameter;
3, a little less than the solvent volatility of Shi Yonging, and low toxicity, handling safety in meta-aramid fibers dissolving and electrostatic spinning process;
4, Zhi Bei meta-aramid nano-fiber nonwoven fabric both kept the more original premium properties of meta-aramid, have the specific function of nano-fiber material simultaneously.
This meta-aramid nano-fiber nonwoven fabric can be widely used in the fields such as high-temperature-resistant filtering material, protective clothing, lithium battery diaphragm.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is further described:
In patent of the present invention, the meta-aramid fibers material comprises: meta-aramid short fiber, long filament and recovery meta-aramid material, reclaim the preceding palpus of meta-aramid material dissolves through processing such as cleaning, dryings.During concrete enforcement, can control every performance of meta-aramid nano-fiber nonwoven fabric by changing meta-aramid fibers solution concentration, dissolution system, halogen concentration and electrostatic spinning condition.
Embodiment 1:
1, the dried meta-aramid staple fibre of 2g be impregnated in the 30ml dimethylacetylamide, stir 5h under 100 ℃ of conditions, add the 1.5g lithium bromide then, bromizating the quality percentage composition of lithium in solvent is 8%.Continue to be stirred to dissolving fully, the acquisition mass percent is 15% meta-aramid fibers light yellow transparent solution.
2, the meta-aramid fibers solution for preparing is carried out electrostatic spinning under condition of high voltage, the electrostatic spinning condition is: room temperature, voltage 25kv, spinning solution flow 0.5ml/h, receiving range 15cm, spinning time 5h.The average diameter of the non-woven fabrics fiber that obtains is respectively 90nm, and the thickness of nonwoven fabric is between 0.1~0.15mm.
Embodiment 2:
1, the dried meta-aramid staple fibre of 1.1g be impregnated in the 10ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), stir 5h under 100 ℃ of conditions, add the 0.2g magnesium chloride then, making the quality percentage composition of magnesium chloride in solvent is 2%.Continue to be stirred to dissolving fully, obtain faint yellow transparent meta-aramid fibers solution.
2, the meta-aramid fibers solution for preparing is carried out electrostatic spinning under condition of high voltage, the electrostatic spinning condition is: room temperature, voltage 25kv, spinning solution flow 0.5ml/h, receiving range 15cm, spinning time 5h.The average diameter of the non-woven fabrics fiber that obtains is respectively 180nm, and the thickness of nonwoven fabric is between 0.1~0.15mm.
Embodiment 3:
1, the dried meta-aramid staple fibre of 5g be impregnated in the 30ml dimethyl formamide, stir 5h under 100 ℃ of conditions, add the 2.6g lithium chloride then, making the quality percentage composition of lithium chloride in solvent is 8%.Continue to be stirred to dissolving fully, the acquisition mass percent is 15% meta-aramid fibers light yellow transparent solution.
2, the meta-aramid fibers solution for preparing is carried out electrostatic spinning under condition of high voltage, the electrostatic spinning condition is: room temperature, voltage 25kv, spinning solution flow 0.5ml/h, receiving range 15cm, spinning time 5h.The average diameter of the non-woven fabrics fiber that obtains is respectively 2.5 μ m, and the thickness of nonwoven fabric is between 0.1~0.15mm.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber, it is characterized in that: comprising: meta-aramid fibers material (poly) dissolving and two aspects of meta-aramid fibers solution electrostatic spinning, the dissolution system of meta-aramid material is by halogen and the solvent composition that can form the polar oxygen group of complexing macrocation with halogen, at first, with the meta-aramid material dissolves in dissolution system, obtain mass percent and be 0.01%~30% meta-aramid fibers solution, then, spraying the formation fibre diameter under the high voltage spinning condition is 50nm~5 μ m, the nonwoven fabric average thickness is 0.01 μ m~5mm, porosity is 60%~90%, TENSILE STRENGTH is 0.2~3Mpa, elastic extension is 4~15% meta-aramid nano-fiber nonwoven fabric.
2. the preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described solvent is: dimethyl formamide (DMF), dimethylacetylamide (DMAc), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (DMSO), N-Methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) or 1.3-dimethyl 2-imidazolidinone (DMI).
3. the preparation method of electrospun meta-aramid nano-fiber according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described halogen is: lithium chloride (LiCl), calcium chloride (CaCl
2), magnesium chloride (MgCl
2) lithium bromide (LiBr) or calcium bromide (CaBr
2).
4. according to the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 or 3 described electrospun meta-aramid nano-fibers, it is characterized in that: described high-voltage electrostatic spinning condition is: voltage 10~40kv, temperature-10~30 ℃, relative humidity 40~70%, taylor cone is to the distance 5~30cm of nano fiber non-woven fabric receiving system, spinning solution flow 0.2~2ml/h.
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CN102529582A (en) * | 2010-12-14 | 2012-07-04 | 韩国轮胎株式会社 | Tire cord fabric and tire equipped therewith |
CN102660782A (en) * | 2012-05-11 | 2012-09-12 | 上海舟汉纤维材料科技有限公司 | Continuous treatment device and method suitable for high-flow meta-position aramid spinning bath lotion |
CN102704028A (en) * | 2012-05-26 | 2012-10-03 | 东华大学 | Preparation method of meta-aramid nano-nets fiber membrane |
CN102877152A (en) * | 2012-10-21 | 2013-01-16 | 苏州大学 | Aramid 1313/MWCNT (Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube) nano fibers and preparation method thereof |
CN103046427A (en) * | 2012-12-20 | 2013-04-17 | 华南理工大学 | Method for preparing aromatic polyamide fiber paper base material by electrospinning technology |
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EP3108521A4 (en) * | 2014-02-19 | 2017-08-16 | The Regents of The University of Michigan | Dendrite-suppressing ion-conductors from aramid nanofibers withstanding extreme battery conditions |
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