CN101837743B - 机动车辆 - Google Patents

机动车辆 Download PDF

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CN101837743B
CN101837743B CN201010132344XA CN201010132344A CN101837743B CN 101837743 B CN101837743 B CN 101837743B CN 201010132344X A CN201010132344X A CN 201010132344XA CN 201010132344 A CN201010132344 A CN 201010132344A CN 101837743 B CN101837743 B CN 101837743B
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CN101837743A (zh
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哈斯迪·R·哈希姆
唐纳德·查尔斯·弗兰克斯
布鲁斯·卡维·布雷克蒙
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L55/00—Arrangements for supplying energy stored within a vehicle to a power network, i.e. vehicle-to-grid [V2G] arrangements
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60L2210/30—AC to DC converters
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    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种机动车辆，该机动车辆包括能够与电网电连接并被配置成对从所述电网接收的电流整流的电路；与所述电路电连接并被配置成传递整流后的电流的驱动电总线；与所述驱动电总线电连接并被配置成降低或增加与所述整流后的电流相关的电压的功率变换模块以及与所述功率变换模块电连接并被配置成从所述功率变换模块接收至少一部分所述整流后的电流的能量存储单元。本发明所公开的车辆能够利用电网对能量存储单元进行充电、放电。

Description

机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及一种机动车辆。
背景技术
机动车辆的电力系统可设置为数种已知配置中的一种。例如，美国专利公开文件2006/0250902公开了一种插电式混合动力驱动系统，其中，可通过外部供应的电以及来自发动机或可再生制动的能量对混合动力系的能量存储元件充电。
又例如，美国专利公开文件2004/0062059公开了一种包括双向变换器的动力系统。动力系统结合了用于对一个或多个电存储装置进行充电的充电器和功率变换器。第一开关选择性地将一个或多个AC装置耦合至双向变换器。第二开关选择性地将增压电路耦合至一个或多个DC装置和/或使耦合极性反向。
再例如，美国专利7,309,966公开了一种机动车辆，其包括至少一个电动马达、用于为电动马达提供驱动能量的能量存储装置、连接至能量存储装置以用于连接电源的插头连接器、以及用于控制电流从电源流向能量存储装置的控制装置。控制装置允许电流从能量存储装置流向电力网络。车辆内部或外部设有逆变器，能量存储装置的电能可通过其以交流电的形式流入电力网络。
发明内容
本发明公开了一种机动车辆，该机动车辆包括能够与电网电连接的电力电路、与该电路电连接的驱动电总线、与驱动电总线电连接的功率变换模块、以及与功率变换模块电连接的能量存储单元。电路被配置成对从电网接收到的电流整流。驱动电总线被配置成传递整流后的电流。功率变换模块被配置成降低或增加与整流后的电流相关联的电压。能量存储单元被配置成从功率变换模块接收至少一部分整流后的电流。
本发明还公开了一种对机动车辆的能量存储单元充电的方法，该方法包括通过车载电路对来自电网的电流整流、将整流后的电流传递至驱动电总线、并通过与驱动电总线电连接的功率变换模块增加与整流后的电流相关联的电压。该方法还包括能量存储单元接收整流后的电流。
本发明还公开了一种使机动车辆能量存储单元放电的方法，该方法包括将来自能量存储单元的电能传递至功率变换模块、通过功率变换模块降低电能的电压、并将降低电压的电能从功率变换模块通过驱动电总线传递至逆变电路。该方法还包括通过逆变电路转换电流并将电能传递至电网。
尽管已经说明并公开了根据本发明的示例实施例，这些公开不应当解释为对本发明的限定。可以预见，在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可做出多种修改和替换设计。
附图说明
图1是机动车辆动力系统的实施例的框图。
图2是机动车辆动力系统的另一实施例的框图。
图3是机动车辆动力系统的再一实施例的框图。
具体实施方式
现在参照图1，实施例的机动车辆12的动力系统10可包括整流电路14、DC/DC功率变换器16、低压能量存储单元18(例如12V电池)、双向DC/DC功率变换器20、以及高压能量存储单元22(例如牵引电池、超级电容器等)。整流电路14、DC/DC功率变换器16和双向DC/DC功率变换器20与高压(例如450V)DC总线24(驱动电总线)电连接。DC/DC功率变换器16与低压能量存储单元18电连接。双向DC/DC功率变换器20与高压能量存储单元22电连接。
在图1的实施例中，整流电路14包括四个桥式配置的二极管。在其它实施例中，可以以已知方式设置六个二极管以形成三相单向整流器。在又一实施例中，可使用已知的H桥逆变器。也可以是其它的配置。
本领域技术人员已知的，某些整流电路(例如图1中所说明的整流电路14)可被动地将交流电整流为直流电。即，不需要外部电子控制使整流发生。其它整流电路(下文将讨论其示例)可主动地将交流电整流为直流电。即，需要外部电子控制使整流发生。可取决于例如设计考虑或性能需要来使用被动电路或主动电路。
整流电路14可与110V墙壁电插座26电连接(例如插电)。如本领域已知的，墙壁电插座26可从电网28供应电能。
来自整流电路14的电能可如箭头所示传递至高压DC总线24。在图1的示例中，此电能具有110V电压。尽管此电压可能低于高压DC总线24的正常运转电压，但是其可用于对所述存储单元18、22充电和/或被提供给其它与高压DC总线24电连接的负载(例如加热元件30)。例如，DC/DC功率变换器16可以以已知方式将110V降至12V以对所述存储单元18充电。双向DC/DC功率变换器20可以以已知方式将110V增至300V以对所述存储单元22充电。
对本领域技术人员显而易见的是，与传统高压总线相比，高压DC总线24具有其它的运转电压模式。即，高压DC总线24可为0V(断电模式)、450V(驱动模式)、或110V(插电模式)。在某些实施例中，连接至高压DC总线24的电力设备可能在插电模式中需要起到与在驱动模式中不同的作用。由于在插电模式中电能的可用性较低，这些电力设备可能例如被关闭或以降低的性能运转。
现在参照图2，与图1的编号元件相差100的编号元件与图1的编号元件具有相类似的描述。实施例的车辆112的动力系统110可包括桥式整流器114(具有四个二极管115)、高压DC负载132(例如功率变换器、加热元件等)、插电传感电路134、以及插电启动电路136。插电传感电路134可具有任意合适的配置并探测桥式整流器114是否已经与电源(例如墙壁电插座126)电连接。插电启动电路136也可具有任意合适的配置并在被驱动时启动闸控桥式整流器114的运转。
在其它实施例中，闸控二极管(例如半导体闸流管或可控硅整流器(SCR))可取代桥式整流器114中的二极管115，而继电器位于桥式整流器114和墙壁电插座126之间。在这些实施例中，插电启动电路136可驱动继电器以将来自墙壁电插座126的交流电切换给桥式整流器114。
在图2的实施例中，所述电路134、136与车辆控制模块138电连接。在一些实施例中，插电传感电路134和车辆控制模块138之间的电路连接可包括用于分离/插入互锁的互锁销140。然而，也可能是其它配置和设置。
如果插电传感电路134探测到车辆112已经“插电”，则其向车辆控制模块138发送信号以提供该信息。作为响应，车辆控制模块138以任何合适的方式驱动插电启动电路136。
与插电传感电路134和插电启动电路136电连接的指示器(例如LED)142、144可分别用于提供关于插电传感电路134和插电启动电路136的运转的视觉反馈。即，如果车辆112“插电”，则指示器142将启动。如果桥式整流器114运转，则指示器144将启动。在特定的实施例中，指示器142是插电传感LED指示器。在特定的实施例中，指示器144是插电启动LED指示器。
现在参照图3，与图2的编号元件相差100或与图1的编号元件相差200的编号元件分别与图2和图1的编号元件具有相类似的描述。实施例的车辆212的动力系统210可包括逆变电路214、高压DC负载232(例如双向DC/DC功率变换器等)、插电传感电路234、插电启动电路236和低通滤波器246。如下文所详细解释的，动力系统210可从电网接收电能或向电网提供电能。
图3的逆变电路214包括多个以已知方式设置的绝缘三双极型功率管(IGBT)215。然而，也可使用任意合适的逆变器设置。例如，可使用金属氧化物半导体场效应管(MOSFET)代替IGBT215。又例如，可以以已知方式设置两对IGBT 215以形成单相双向电路。
对本领域技术人员已知的是，一些IGBT 215与插电启动电路236电连接，且各个IGBT 215与车辆控制模块238电连接，例如主动驱动三相逆变电路214。图3的逆变电路214还包括嵌入各个IGBT 215的二极管。这样，当逆变电路214插入电网时，可发生被动整流。
在其它实施例中，可闸控一些二极管(半导体闸流管或SCR可以代替这些二极管)使得其必须被驱动以发生三相整流。在没有闸控二极管的实施例中，可使用继电器以将交流电从电网切换至电路214。然而，也可使用任意合适的设置。
如果插电传感电路234探测到车辆212已经插电，则其能够向车辆控制模块238发送信号以提供该信息。作为响应，车辆控制模块238以已知方式控制IGBT 215并驱动插电启动电路236，这样逆变电路214可将三相电提供(通过主动逆变)给电网或从电网接收(通过被动或主动整流)三相电。
可针对三相主动逆变管理IGBT运转，使得以下列重复顺序为三条AC线路供电：低-高-低、高-高-低、高-低-低、高-低-高、低-低-高、低-高-高。可针对三相主动整流管理IGBT运转，使得逆变电路214施加的交流电与电网施加的交流电同相。
如果来自例如与高压DC负载232电连接的高压电池(未显示)的电能要被提供给电网，则车辆控制模块238可以以已知方式控制IGBT 215的切换，并驱动插电启动电路236，使得逆变电路214可接收(并主动逆变)来自高压电池的直流电。该逆变后的电能可随后穿过低通滤波器246以使产生的交流电在作为三相电进入电网之前被滤波或被弄平缓。
尽管已经说明并描述了本发明的实施例，其并非意味着这些实施例说明并描述了本发明的所有可能形式。本说明书中使用的词语为描述性词语而非限定，且应理解可做出多种改变而不脱离本发明的实质和范围。

Claims (9)

1.一种机动车辆，包括：
控制器；
整流电路；
插电传感电路，所述插电传感电路被构造成当电网与整流电路电连接时通知控制器，其中，控制器被构造成响应于所述通知的接收使得整流电路能够对从所述电网接收电流整流；
与所述整流电路电连接并被配置成传递整流后的电流的驱动电总线；
与所述驱动电总线电连接并被配置成降低或增加与所述整流后的电流相关的电压的功率变换模块；以及
与所述功率变换模块电连接并被配置成从所述功率变换模块接收至少一部分所述整流后的电流的能量存储单元。
2.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，从所述电网接收的电流包括交流电。
3.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述整流电路包括桥式整流电路。
4.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述机动车辆还包括逆变电路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，还包括与所述驱动电总线电连接的电负载。
6.根据权利要求5所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述电负载被配置成从所述驱动电总线接收至少一部分所述整流后的电流。
7.根据权利要求5所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述电负载包括加热元件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述功率变换模块包括双向DC/DC功率变换器。
9.根据权利要求1所述的车辆，其特征在于，所述能量存储单元包括牵引电池。
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