CN101835725A - 陶瓷板及其制造方法 - Google Patents

陶瓷板及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101835725A
CN101835725A CN200880108068A CN200880108068A CN101835725A CN 101835725 A CN101835725 A CN 101835725A CN 200880108068 A CN200880108068 A CN 200880108068A CN 200880108068 A CN200880108068 A CN 200880108068A CN 101835725 A CN101835725 A CN 101835725A
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ferric oxide
mixture
ceramic
ceramic plate
oxide compound
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乔瓦尼·佩利切利
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GRANITIFIANDRE PER AZI Soc
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/13Compounding ingredients
    • C04B33/14Colouring matters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B33/00Clay-wares
    • C04B33/02Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
    • C04B33/20Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches for dry-pressing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09CTREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/22Compounds of iron
    • C09C1/24Oxides of iron
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01PINDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60Particles characterised by their size
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/32Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
    • C04B2235/327Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
    • C04B2235/3272Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/50Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
    • C04B2235/54Particle size related information
    • C04B2235/5418Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof
    • C04B2235/5427Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof millimeter or submillimeter sized, i.e. larger than 0,1 mm
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    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/604Pressing at temperatures other than sintering temperatures
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    • C04CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04BLIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/70Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
    • C04B2235/96Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
    • C04B2235/9607Thermal properties, e.g. thermal expansion coefficient
    • C04B2235/9615Linear firing shrinkage

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种陶瓷板的制造方法,所述陶瓷板包括雾化陶瓷粉末和α-三氧化二铁混合料。

Description

陶瓷板及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及模仿天然石材的片状或块状陶瓷板及其制造方法。
背景技术
已知已有人进行过陶瓷领域的研究,以获得模仿大理石或天然石材的陶瓷板或陶瓷片。
通过对美学方面的检索表明,有些模仿大理石和石材的陶瓷板显示出均匀分布的表面斑点。
本申请的申请人开发了一种陶瓷片的制造方法,所述陶瓷片具有色彩鲜艳的斑点状美学效果,就像在天然石材云母中发现的那样。
上述方法描述在意大利专利申请RE2004A000116中,包括用雾化粘土和极细的金属性粉末的混合物作为瓷砖浆料,所述金属性粉末中碳含量很低,但至少一种贵金属(例如铬、镍、钴和钼)的含量很高。
接着所述混合物被送入常用的陶瓷砖模具中、受到约400kg/cm2的压力。
在经过挤压和通常的烘干循环之后,砖块被送入窑中,在1200~1250℃的温度下焙烧。
焙烧之后,金属粉末氧化、变得不透明,因此需要对砖块进行昂贵的打磨和抛光操作,以除去约0.8mm的厚度。
这种会引起昂贵而费力的打磨操作的金属粉末的氧化作用也使得人们不能制造出自然的砖块和表面结构化的砖块,即:不能制造出顶面不平、不规则的砖块,如采石场采得的毛料石板。
发明内容
本发明的目的是采用简单而合理的技术方案、克服现有技术中的缺点。
本发明的上述目的通过一种制造方法来实现,该制造方法可以制得具有色彩鲜艳的斑点状美学效果的陶瓷砖或陶瓷板,而不需要在焙烧之后进行任何的打磨步骤。
具体实施方式
上述结果的取得得益于获得了一种混合物,该混合物包括雾化粉末与α-三氧化二铁(α-Fe2O3)混合料的混合。
所述α-三氧化二铁最好是呈现层状晶体结构,例如云母状α-三氧化二铁,这增强了最终产品的光泽度。
根据获得的产品类型,所述α-三氧化二铁混合料在所述混合物中所占的质量百分比为0.2~40%;因而所述雾化粉末在所述混合物中所占的质量百分比为60~99.8%。实验结果显示,比较好的方案是:混合物中α-三氧化二铁混合料的质量百分含量为7~15%,其中特别优选为10%。
在本发明中,α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度分布优选为:2%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度大于1000μm,40%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度处在600~1000μm之间,剩下58%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度小于600μm。
本发明包括通过机械混合器与α-三氧化二铁混合料混合在一起的雾化陶瓷粉末。然后混合后的粉末被送入成型模的模具内部、形成模具内部的一个层。
所述混合物可用于形成瓷砖整体,但优选地,其使用仅限于形成3~6mm软粉末层,该软粉末层位于瓷砖的可见侧面上的模具型腔中。在这种情形下,用通常的粘土材料完成模具的填充,所述粘土材料将构成瓷砖的基体。
模具被填充之后,在300~500kg/cm2的压力下进行模压。然后将形成的砖块干燥并放入窑中在1200~1250℃温度下焙烧。
在焙烧过程中,瓷砖通常会收缩约8%,α-三氧化二铁的熔点大大高于玻璃化陶瓷的焙烧温度,α-三氧化二铁粉末上升至瓷砖的可见表面,使瓷砖具有天然石材通常拥有的表面粗糙度。α-三氧化二铁还具有不会在焙烧过程中氧化的特性,因此不需要对瓷砖进行打磨以除去现有技术中覆盖在金属粉末上的氧化物。
本发明的另一个优点是由于α-三氧化二铁的比重约为4.7~4.9g/cm3,大大高于雾化陶瓷粉末的比重(约为0.9g/cm3),这使得在模压过程中,可以更容易、更快速地进行砖模的脱气,有助于使砖块更致密,同时有助于使α-三氧化二铁上升至砖块的可见表面。
从已经进行的实验中观察到,在模具内的粉末状混合物的送入过程中,具有更大比重的α-三氧化二铁倾向于根据相对于模具底部的水平表面为倾斜的轴线分布。这意味着对砖块进行焙烧之后,由于上述原因而升至砖块表面的三氧化二铁粉末相对于砖块表面是倾斜的,这使得砖块对从任何方向上射入的光线的反射更强。
下面的实施例以非限制性方式更好地说明了本发明的特征。
实施例
基本材料包括常用的单色雾化陶瓷粉末,其粒度约为300μm,其中通过机械混合方式使所述陶瓷粉末中分布了具有层状晶体结构的云母状α-三氧化二铁混合料。
云母状三氧化二铁混合料包括具有不同粒度的云母状α-三氧化二铁。特别地,在这些三氧化二铁中,其粒度2%大于1000μm,40%处在600~1000μm之间,剩下的58%小于600μm。所述云母状三氧化二铁由KARNTNER MONTAN IN IDUSTRIE GmbH公司提供,商品名为云母状氧化铁MIOX SG 1000,熔点为1560℃。
含有90wt%的陶瓷粉末和10wt%的云母状三氧化二铁的所述混合物被送入常规的制砖用陶瓷模具中,并受到400kg/cm2的压力。
模压之后,进行常规的干燥循环和1200~1250℃温度下的焙烧循环。
最终获得的瓷砖展示出具有混合物颜色的表面,在该表面上均匀地分布着有光泽的金属斑点,这些斑点的分布是随机的。

Claims (10)

1.一种玻璃化陶瓷砖的制造方法,包括以下步骤:
a.制备一种混合物,该混合物包括雾化陶瓷粉末和α-三氧化二铁混合料的混合;
b.在成型模的模具内部沉积至少第一层所述混合物;
c.在300~500kg/cm2的压力下对所述混合物进行模压;
d.干燥并在约1200~1250℃的温度下焙烧经过模压的混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述α-三氧化二铁具有层状晶体结构。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:2%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度大于1000μm,40%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度处在600~1000μm之间,剩下58%的α-三氧化二铁混合料的粒度小于600μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述混合物包括60~99.2wt%的雾化陶瓷粉末。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:所述混合物包括0.2~40wt%的α-三氧化二铁。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:在所述模具的内部形成了至少第二层粘土材料。
7.包括至少一层雾化陶瓷粉末的混合物的陶瓷板,其特征在于:所述陶瓷板还包括α-三氧化二铁混合料。
8.根据权利要求7所述的陶瓷板,其特征在于:所述三氧化二铁具有层状晶体结构。
9.根据权利要求8所述的陶瓷板,其特征在于:所述三氧化二铁为云母状α-三氧化二铁。
10.根据权利要求7所述的陶瓷板,其特征在于:所述陶瓷板还包括粘土材料层。
CN200880108068A 2007-09-19 2008-09-09 陶瓷板及其制造方法 Pending CN101835725A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITRE2007A000100 2007-09-19
IT000100A ITRE20070100A1 (it) 2007-09-19 2007-09-19 '' lastre ceramiche e metodo per la loro fabbricazione ''
PCT/EP2008/061907 WO2009037148A2 (en) 2007-09-19 2008-09-09 Ceramic slabs and a method for manufacturing thereof

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EP (1) EP2193109A2 (zh)
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IT (1) ITRE20070100A1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2009037148A2 (zh)

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FR3105216B1 (fr) * 2019-12-23 2022-05-06 Revol Porcelaine S A Ceramique et procede de fabrication
ES2847312B2 (es) * 2020-02-01 2022-03-07 Centro Tecnologico Vidres S L Producto anti-estatico de gres porcelanico, composicion y uso

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US20100279126A1 (en) 2010-11-04
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WO2009037148A2 (en) 2009-03-26
WO2009037148A3 (en) 2009-11-26

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Application publication date: 20100915