CN101833943A - Piano hammer handle and hammer seat - Google Patents

Abstract

A composite or plastic hammer handle and a composite or plastic hammer seat are applied to a grand piano to greatly improve the hardness and bring lots of indirect advantages of improving manufacturing efficiency and enabling the maintenance to be more convenient. A composite or plastic hammer handle and a composite or plastic hammer seat are applied to an upright piano to greatly improve the hardness and bring lots of indirect advantages of improving manufacturing efficiency and enabling the maintenance to be more convenient. By the invention, a pianist can play music while slightly touching piano keys, thereby enabling the keyboard to have more quick response. The composite hammer handle is a casting mould product. The hammer handle is an extrusion forming product or a casting mould product.

Description

Piano hammer handle and hammer seat

Technical field

This invention relates to the percussion instrument of keystroke control, as piano, more particularly, relates to the hammer assembly of this musical instrument.

Background technology

The hammer assembly comprises hammer 40, hammer handle 30 and hammer seat 20.

The pianist presses piano key, drives the tumtum that hits that links to each other with key, thus the hammer assembly rotation that makes and hit tumtum to link to each other, and then impact one or more string, by these a series of complicated mechanical chain reactions, make piano generation sound equipment.

More particularly, button 10 makes only sound head (not shown) setting in motion, will end the sound head and separate with string, makes string prepare vibration.Button 10 also impels piano struck string device 15 to start, thereby with relevant hammer 40 and hammer handle 30 pushes away or " throwing " goes among relevant the string group or string.Hammer 40 impacts string, produces the piano tone.Hammer impact string and recoil to hit tumtum 15 after, piano struck string device 15 is accepted or " seizure " hammer 40 and hammer handle 30 immediately.When the pianist discharges button 10, button 10 is returned to rest position, and allows to end sound head assembly and vibratory string reconnects.End sound head assembly and absorbed vibration, the piano tone also stops thereupon.

For grand piano 45, to move when pressing key 10 for making hammer 40 pass on to combination hammer handle (20 and 30) by piano struck string device 15, requirement has a certain amount of kinetic energy.When pressing key 10, be higher than a Cheng bar connector 90 that shakes again on pedestal 70 axis that shake again.Top mallet device 50 pivots in point 100 clockwise directions, and pivots counterclockwise around a Cheng bar connector 90 that shakes again in the counterclockwise direction simultaneously.Top mallet device 50 lifts balance track 60, and upwards carries out two pivot rotations around shake again support bar connector 90 and point 110 and move.This makes mallet handle 80 constantly rise along combination hammer handle (20 and 30), thereby upwards hammer 40 is lifted to string.Mallet handle 80 slides to balance track 60 along guide rail surface, makes hammer 40 115 rotate up motion around point, until horizontal stretch string group or the string that links to each other with key 10.Hammer 40 is subjected to promote along the mallet handle 80 that balance track 60 slides, and carries out " rotating freely ".Hammer handle 30 is further rotated and gets in touch with balance track 60 disengagings, makes hammer 40 hit string and plays music.

Similar, for upright piano 115, to move when pressing key 10 for making hammer 40 driven by piano struck string device 15 to pass on to combination hammer handle 20 and hammer seat 30, requirement has the kinetic energy of some.When pressing key 10, boat type bar 120 is pushed upwardly, and top mallet device 130 is moved with 120 rotations of boat type bar.Mallet device 130 rotations in top are loaded on the boat type bar 120.Hammer 40 is promoted by hammer seat 20 by top mallet device 130 immediately, and rotatablely moves to vertical stretching string group or string.Subsequently,, stop top mallet device 130 to be moved further along with top mallet device 130 contacts with adjusting knob 140, so with hammer seat 20 decouplings.Hammer 40 and hammer handle 30 continue to move up, and do not link to each other with top mallet device 130, thereby " being thrown " go into string or string group, thereby produce the piano tone.

In this, to grand piano and upright piano, traditional wooden mallet handle 30 often before hitting string with regard to some bending.The high-speed photography of moving by the hammer of simply playing piano is provable this phenomenon.The piano music of playing is special more, and the skill of requirement is consummate more, and then hammer handle 30 bendings must be big more with regard to deflection.This is that the repeat key frequency is fast because consummate piano music requires keystroke dynamics big usually, thereby produces the rotation of stronger frequent hammer assembly.For all yaw motions, the dynamics on the body is big more, and then deflection is just big more.

Because the hammer handle 30 crooked abilities that absorb can not be converted into music, this is actual to be losing of waste energy or system capacity.Like this, because the bending of hammer 30, then requiring has more button energy to generate music.Therefore, the deflection of eliminating hammer handle 30 then can reduce the desired initial energy of creation sound equipment.Like this, the deflection of eliminating hammer handle 30 can make the reaction of piano faster, and the touching to key that this piano needs when playing is lower.

The prior art of grand piano is made up of hammer seat 20 and hammer handle 30, calls " hammer handle combination " in the following text, is made by timber, normally hophornbeam or maple.Prior art does not comprise the independent hammer seat 20 and the part of hammer handle 30.The hammer handle 30 of prior art all adopts same normal diameter or cross-sectional area, can reduce quality by skiving.Especially need to reduce quality at treble, because high pitch need make hammer from the quick resilience of string.Along with string that links to each other with specific hammer handle or the string accuracy in pitch of forming a team constantly increases, the hammer handle 30 of prior art is constantly by skiving.For enhancing productivity, this skiving is not continue, but carries out stage by stage by three independent stages: " approaching ", " generally " and " thick ".The hammer handle of " thick " is skiving not, generally is used in piano bass end.Hammer 40 is bonded on the hammer handle of hammer handle combination (20 and 30).Hammer handle combination (20 and 30) is connected with the hammer handle connector with centrepin.The hammer handle connector is attached on the handle bar of piano.The above-mentioned deflection of mentioning is sent out in hammer handle combination (20 and 30).

The applicant is on the grand piano of hophornbeam making experimental analysis being done in hammer handle combination (20 and 30), to judge its average hardness.Hammer handle combination (20 and 30) is tightly clipped, and firmly is fixed on the hammer seat, and apart from bite 4.00 " locate to add a mass.With 4 " such effective length is to be typical length because this length is the hammer handle combination (20 and 30) of grand piano.From bite 3.79 " locate to have measured deflection 250.Specifically being provided with of hardness that is used to quantize the hammer handle combination (20 and 30) of prior art seen figure three.The deflection result of experiment is as shown below.

This relation is a linear relationship, that is, deflection 250 is linear change with the actual weight change that applies.Therefore, can represent with a constant with the measure of skewness of the hammer handle combination (20 and 30) of the hardness relation of being inversely proportional to.In this case, the unit of this constant is the every actual weight pound that applies of inch number of deflection 250, and is determined divided by above-mentioned weight by the deflection number.Hophornbeam hammer handle combination (20 and 30) is defined as the degree of the deflection 250 of " measure of skewness ", by thick, general be respectively 0.066 inch/pound, 0.060 inch/pound and 0.077 inch/pound to approaching.The standard deviation of all these measurements is lower than 0.0015 inch/pound.Notice that measure of skewness is more little, then the hardness of hammer handle combination (20 and 30) is big more.The proportion that note that hophornbeam simultaneously is bigger, therefore, harder than maple than maple.So the hammer handle combination (20 and 30) of hophornbeam is harder than maple.

Prior art hammer handle combination hardness test

Hit the desired complicated mechanical chain reaction of string and affect the music that piano produces deeply.To most of stringed musical instrument, musician's hand touches string or directly touches string by non-power apparatus such as shell fragment or bow.On the contrary, the pianist must depend on a series of mechanical motion and hits string and play music.Can change speed, dynamics, repetition frequency, acceleration, time break and other characteristics when pianist's button and relieving key, thereby produce different piano tones, and then play out different piano musics.

The first-selection of piano struck string device " sense of touch " is more and more welcome on traditional but not relevant with modern project and material science method.Since earlier 1900s, manufacturer produces high-quality piano struck string device with obtainable best material at that time.Hardwood and felt are the main materials of producing the piano struck string device at that time.In any case, present pianist prefers wood/felt and hits tumtum, only because the sense of touch of transmitting and its generation just the same, thereby cause the propagation of more wood/felt, make the younger generation's pianist begin study use wood/felt piano struck string device, thereby the younger generation's pianist also have same preference.

For more modern material, as compound or plastic material, wood materials is to make the more starting material of poor efficiency of piano struck string device.Must hole to the wooden tumtum sheet that hits, bore with other and hit the pivotally connected and desired hole of installation of tumtum constituent.Compare with the production of mold piano struck string device sheet, bore process is to require great effort and expensive technology, because mold piano struck string device sheet just can have the hole of Accurate Shaping in the original shaping technological process.And, to produce the wooden courage sheet of any finished product and will inevitably produce quite a large amount of waste materials such as sawing dust, this obviously is that poor efficiency is wasted again.

Wood-based product's tool hydroscopicity, that is, its humidity along with environment changes expansion or shrinks.This just and then fettered the use of hitting tumtum.In addition, after repetitive operation many times, can cause the compression of wood materials again, and then cause piano struck string device part failure.Such as, wooden connector is usually because the expansion that the rising of humidity causes produces crack, the timber of bolt at the connector at fence place because screw rod can be crushed.

And wood materials has different intensity in different directions, makes manufacturing process more complicated, and has reduced manufacturing efficient.In addition, compare with the compound and plastic material in modern times, the hardness and the intensity of wood materials are lower.Particularly, hardness and intensity are most important to the establishment of the hammer in the complicated machinery chain reaction of piano part.

At last, for other materials such as compound or plastic material, be limited the serviceable life of wooden piano struck string device parts, because wood materials finally can be crushed to powder at certain environment week after date.On the other hand, be several times of serviceable life of wooden piano struck string device parts the serviceable life that compound piano hits the tumtum parts, and obviously, the manufacturing efficient of piano will be higher, and it is also more convenient to safeguard.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to for piano provides new hammer assembly, only need still less pianist to point the zero energy of transmission for piano being produced produce same sound equipment with existing conventional wooden hammer assembly.By eliminating or significantly reduce hammer assembly deflection, and the weight that need not to increase the hammer assembly can reach this effect.Like this, the purpose of this invention is to produce the hammer assembly of improvement, can greatly improve hardness or rigidity, and it is improved in the existing piano, thereby make the keyboard reaction more rapid, and the strength of required touching simultaneously is also littler.

In addition, the purpose of this invention also is to produce the hammer assembly, relative wood materials, and it can improve indirectly makes efficient and maintenance efficiency thereof.Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to produce the harder hammer assembly that can bring efficient manufacturing and safeguard benefit.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the cut-open view of common grand piano

Fig. 2 is the cut-open view of common upright piano

Fig. 3 is used to measure the outboard profile of the experimental configuration of hammer handle hardness

The enlarged drawing of Fig. 4 grand piano hammer seat one end

The skeleton view of Fig. 5 grand piano hammer seat

The outboard profile of Fig. 6 grand piano hammer handle/hammer holder assembly

The skeleton view of Fig. 7 grand piano hammer handle/hammer holder assembly

Reference numeral

Code	Definition
		??10	Piano key
??15	The piano struck string device
		??20	The hammer seat
??30	Hammer handle
		??40	Hammer
??45	Grand piano

Code	Definition
		??50	Grand piano top mallet device
??60	The grand piano balance track
		??70	The grand piano pedestal that shakes again
??80	Grand piano mallet handle (prior art)
		??90	Grand piano shakes again and props up a Cheng bar connector
??100	Grand piano top mallet device fulcrum
		??115	Grand piano hammer fulcrum
??110	Grand piano balance track fulcrum
		??115	Upright piano
??120	Upright piano boat type bar
		??130	Upright piano top mallet device
??140	The upright piano adjusting knob
		??150	The distance of hammer seat center to center
??160	Hammer seat the raised area
		??170	The mallet shank diameter
??180	The low lever arm of hammer seat
		??190	Hammer the groove that turns on the seat into shape
??200	Hardy hole on the hammer seat
		??210	The center, hole that hammer handle is arranged most

Code	Definition
		??220	The hole of the connector on the hammer seat
??230	Hollow section on the hammer seat
		??240	Mallet handle on the hammer seat
??250	Measure of skewness

Embodiment

Four main elements of this invention are: the 1) hammer handle of upright piano; 2) hammer handle of grand piano; With 3) the hammer seat and 4 of upright piano) the hammer seat of grand piano.Be defined as follows:

The hammer assembly beats 40 by sound, and hammer handle 30 and hammer seat 20 are formed.This invention comprises novel hammer handle 30 and novel hammer seat 20, and it can be attached on the hammer 40 of prior art, and the hammer 40 of prior art is made up of wood and felt, normally hophornbeam and felt.The hammer handle 30 of this novelty and novel hammer seat 20 can be installed on any piano, no matter be grand piano or upright piano.

Grand piano hammer seat 20 has 2 connecting holes 220, can be used to install latch, makes itself and hammer handle connector form pivotally connected.Grand piano hammer seat 20 also comprises a hollow section 230, and this is to make the hammer seat 20 necessary spaces around the hammer handle axial rotation.

Not only a kind of diameter of hammer handle 30 of using on the general piano.Therefore, this invention comprises the hammer seat 20 of independent design, and the hole 200 that each all has suitable size is used for the hammer handle 30 at public sphere installation different-diameter.In addition, this invention obviously also comprises the hammer seat 20 of independent design, and the hole 200 that each all has suitable size is used for installing the hammer handle 30 of the different-diameter that the present invention comprises.

Grand piano hammer seat 20 has mallet handle 240.The NE BY ENERGY TRANSFER of the top mallet device 50 that mallet handle 240 will move up is to the mallet handle 240 that is installed on the hammer seat 20.Turn to groove 190 places, with glue mallet handle 240 is being linked hammer seat 20 usually.Mallet handle 240 is by deerskin or contain the artificial deerskin manufacturing of elastic kernel.Top mallet device 50 is subjected to the button effect, moves up, and then mallet handle 240 also moves up, thereby makes hammer seat 20 also move up, and this makes hammer handle 30 move up then again.

The hammer assembly lever that is used for grand piano can be adjusted according to certain standard of hammer seat 20.These standards refer to hammer into shape the low lever arm of force 180 of a centre distance 150, hammer seat the raised area 160, mallet shank diameter 170 and hammer seat.By adjusting the position that turns to groove 190 on the hammer seat 20, can change hammer seat centre distance 150.Hammer seat the raised area 160 is adjusted along with mallet shank diameter 170 and is changed.The low lever arm of force 180 of a decision hammer of these two standards seat.Usually, the piano of different brands requires specific hammer seat centre distance size 150, and specific hammer seat the raised area 160.This invention also comprises hammer seat centre distance 150 that has various different sizes and the hammer seat 20 of hammering seat the raised area 160 into shape, is applicable to the various grand pianos in the public sphere.

All hammer seats 20 in this invention are all by compound substance or plastic material manufacturing.A kind of construction material that two or more physics of compound substance combinations of substances different with chemical property forms, each component keeps its relative independentability in the compound substance in final structure.As described in the background of invention part among the application, compoundly have more superiority than wood materials with plastic material, production efficiency can be arranged more efficiently and safeguard more easily.Compound and essence, accuracy plastic tip hammer seat 20 are higher than wood materials far away.In addition, the compound substance of band filler can increase the hardness of parts, and this is very important to desired degree of reaction of any piano and sense of touch.Optimum hammer seat 20 contains 50% long glass fibres by 6/6 nylon manufacturing.Thinking this material optimum now, is because it can produce best combination, i.e. hardness and price combination.Such as, glass filler than cheap many of carbon filler.Certainly, contain the compound of different filler materials or the plastic material cost changes with economic trend, may can produce new most optimum materials.

All hammer handles 30 of this invention are cylindrical substantially, and by compound or plastic material manufacturing, the direct scope in whole outside is at 1-8mm.With comparing of wood materials, this hammer handle 30 weight are lower, and hardness is bigger.Particularly when hammer handle 30 be especially true during by hollow manufacturing because the weight of hollow part is lower than non-hollow part usually.Therefore, be hollow in the middle of the hammer handle 30 in the optimization model of this invention, specifically see 210.The hollow transversal section of hammer handle 30 needs not to be the garden, but all is round generally.In like manner, the outer lateral section of hammer handle 30 also must be round, but all is round generally.Usually by extrusion process, the manufacturing efficient of processing hollow hammer handle is higher.

When using the made of band accessory fibers filler, can further improve the hardness of hammer handle 30.Multiple fiberfill can be used for this purpose, is used to improve hardness such as glass, fiber B, carbon or pottery.But for projecting part, carbon filler is best because when extrusion process, carbon filler compare other fillers such as glass more be difficult for be separated.As mentioned above, empty hammer handle is better, and is also most effective during extruding because their weight is lighter, thereby carbon fiber filler is the best filler of this compound hammer handle 30.Disconnect problem for solving with the outstanding relevant fiber of glass fibre, carbon fiber needs extra cost.

The applicant was to doing experimental analysis to hammer handle combination (20 and 30) on the grand piano of hophornbeam making, to judge average hardness.According to the experimental analysis of prior art, hammer handle combination (20 and 30) is tightly clipped and firmly is fixed on the hammer seat, and apart from folder point 4.00 " locate to hang weight.Weight hangs over 4 " locate, be because this length is typical length to the hammer handle of grand piano combination (20 and 30).Apart from folder point 3.79 " locate to measure deflection 250 and write down the deflection 250 of Different Weight correspondence.Specifically being provided with of hardness that is used for the hammer handle combination (20 and 30) of definite prior art seen figure three.The deflection result of experiment is as shown below.

Optimum hammer handle/hammer holder assembly hardness test

This relation is a linear relationship, that is, the weight change that deflection 250 is used with reality is linear change.Therefore, can represent with constant with the measure of skewness of hammer handle 30 of the hardness relation of being inversely proportional to.In this case, constant is meant the inch of every pound of actual pairing deflection 250 of weight of using, by the deflection number divided by above-mentioned weight.Optimum hammer handle 30 is defined as the degree of the deflection 250 of " measure of skewness ", by thick to generally being respectively 0.031 inch/pound and 0.052 inch/pound.The standard deviation of all these measurements is lower than 0.0017 inch/pound.Notice that measure of skewness is more little, then the hardness of hammer handle 30 is big more.Therefore, the raising of the hardness ratio prior art of optimum " thick " hammer handle 30 53%.The raising of the hardness ratio prior art of optimum " generally " hammer handle 30 14%.

Because optimum hammer handle 30 is hollow, thus thick hammer handle 30 diameters can be used, and do not compare and can significantly gain in weight with the hammer handle 30 of prior art.Mentioning this point, to each key of piano compound hammer handle 30 of diameter with " thick ", need not sacrifice the restriction of hammer handle weight simultaneously, is feasible.Therefore, can omnidistance use whole " thick " direct compound hammer handles, rather than on any a piano with the hammer handle 30 of three kinds of diameters.If this invention is used for producing, then compare with thick, general with the thin hophornbeam hammer handle of prior art, hardness can be improved 52%, 48% and 60% respectively with new hammer handle 30.This is great progress, neither need gain in weight, and the hardness of assembly can be provided again.

Claims (10)

1. the hammer handle of a upright piano, it is made of plastics.

2. the hammer handle of a upright piano, it is hollow, and is made of plastics.

3. require the hammer handle of 1 or 2 described upright pianos according to aforesaid right, wherein, described hammer handle is made by the plastics of the glass that contains 10-99%, fiber B, carbon or ceramic packing.

4. the hammer handle of a grand piano, it is made of plastics.

5. the hammer handle of a grand piano, it is hollow, and is made of plastics.

6. require the hammer handle of the grand piano described in 4 or 5 according to aforesaid right, wherein, hammer handle is by made of plastic, and contains glass, fiber B, carbon or the ceramic packing of 10-99%.

7. the hammer seat of a grand piano, it is made of plastics.

8. according to the hammer seat of the described grand piano of claim 7, wherein, this hammer seat is made by the plastics of the glass that contains 10-99%, fiber B, carbon or ceramic packing.

9. assembly that constitutes by the hammer handle of Vertical Steel hammer seat and upright piano attached to it, wherein, the deflection of described assembly is in 0.020-0.050 inch/pound scope, this deflection is by pressing from both sides the weight that 4 inches places of point apply the 0-6 pound apart from this assembly hammer seat, and locate to measure the deflection decision that this 0-6 pound weight is produced for 3.79 inches apart from this folder point, shown in the application figure three.

10. assembly that constitutes by the hammer handle of grand piano hammer seat and grand piano attached to it, wherein, the deflection of described assembly is in 0.020-0.050 inch/pound scope, this deflection is by pressing from both sides the weight that 4 inches places of point apply the 0-6 pound apart from this assembly hammer seat, and locate to measure the deflection decision that this 0-6 pound weight is produced for 3.79 inches apart from this folder point, shown in the application figure three.

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