CN1025386C

CN1025386C - Piano

Info

Publication number: CN1025386C
Application number: CN 89104715
Authority: CN
Inventors: 安东尼·杰拉尔德·考特
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1989-05-31
Filing date: 1989-05-31
Publication date: 1994-07-06
Anticipated expiration: 2004-05-31
Also published as: CN1047747A

Abstract

The present invention relates to a piano or an upright piano which is provided with an improved piano string striking mechanism, so that the repeated play effects are the same to that of a grand piano (a horizontal piano or concert piano). The present invention is provided with a push rod spring (13), repeated springs (8)(9) and a sound frame reset spring(4), wherein the push rod spring (13) is positioned between a lever (15) and a push rod (12), and the repeated springs (8)(9) are positioned between a total wood (17) and the push rod (12); the sound frame reset spring (4) is pressed below a shifting striking device (5) which is provided with a triggering bearing point (7). An adjustable shrinkage adjuster (16) can apply action to the push rod (12). When the present invention is used for playing, and piano keys are not reset completely, the push rod (12) can be again engaged with the shifting striking device (5). The present invention also discloses an improved fret device for stringed instruments, and an improved string tone tuning system.

Description

Piano

The present invention relates to piano, one side especially wherein is for upright piano being transformed the same with grand piano more when playing.And some aspect of the present invention also can relate to grand piano (horizontal grand piano), particularly soundboard, crown cut hanging bridge and the system aspects of tuning a stringed instrument.

When being at the piano, the string actuation gear of hitting of upright piano makes each key before the sound mallet that can drive once more correspondingly, and this key must be by loose fully.And in grand piano, before key can drive correspondingly sound mallet, this key needn't be risen by pine fully.

In piano, tighten the tuning pin of string and held among the string shaft or toning board that are loaded on the crossbearer.This string shaft is very expensive, and is difficult to install and repair when the hole of peg is damaged.

Because crown cut directly on soundboard, makes common boom plate bending so usually reinforce common boom plate with rib to prevent the pressure that string is applied on the crown cut.Must be placed in because of crown cut on the active region of soundboard, so the effective length of string is to be upheld by string to determine in certain restricted portion by the position of the crown cut on it and the size of soundboard and crossbearer.The quality of the sound that is produced is relevant with the effective length of each bar string, so wish to increase the effective length of string under the situation of the physical length that does not increase it.

So, one aspect of the present invention just provides a piano struck string mechanism, it comprises a keyboard that key is arranged on it, a lever that is spliced on the hammer butt, the device that can make said lever activity by key, article one, with the push rod of said lever hinge joint, one sound mallet with respect to said hammer butt hinge joint, be connected on the said sound mallet to change and hit device, said push rod touches the motion of knocking that the said sound mallet of causing of device is hit in said commentaries on classics, said commentaries on classics is hit a back pad on the device, a backstop is tied on the said lever, it is characterized in that also including a spring assembly repeatedly that acts between said push rod and the said hammer butt, an adjustable push rod spring that acts between said push rod and the lever is thus when repeating to play, can make said push rod leave said commentaries on classics and hit device, and when key did not reset fully, under the effect of said spring, push rod and commentaries on classics were hit and are thought highly of new engagement.

Followingly explain, here with reference to accompanying drawing

Fig. 1 explanation is the sound mallet hammered string instrument structure that knocks and repeat to knock;

Fig. 2 represents to be inconjunction with the damper device of sound mallet mechanism;

Fig. 3 represents soundboard;

Fig. 4 represents the end section figure of piano;

Fig. 5 represents the soundboard with the shaping of crown cut, and Fig. 5 a is its part end-view;

Fig. 6 represents the side view of a kind of form of crown cut and soundboard;

Fig. 7 is that the another kind of Fig. 6 is replaced form;

Fig. 8 represents the installation of tuning pin;

Fig. 9 illustrates the part end section figure of the piano of revolution acoustic plate;

Figure 10 is the view that is assembled to the bridge hanging bridge of string low side.

Total lever 15 is connected with hammer butt 17 by pivot according to Fig. 1 and 2, when key moves, by key 19 and the web member 20 that acts on lever 15 central authorities lever is moved upward.

Have a bolt on the lever 15, connect push rod 12 by this bolt with the rotating shaft form, withstand the push rod upper end changes the arch surface of hitting device 5, and the sound mallet frame 21 that changes on hitting device 5 and being fixed on hammer butt 17 is connected with rotating shaft.

Sound mallet 1 is connected to change by mallet handle 2 and hits device 5, changes to hit to also have a back pad 10 that is contained on the back pad handle 22 on the device 5, and back pad handle 22 is received to change and hit on the device 5.

In the end of lever 15 backstop 18 is housed also, it links to each other with lever by back pin 23.

This part of present embodiment is: commentaries on classics hit have on the device 5 one trigger adjustable push rod spring 13, that supporting-point 7, has adjustable push rod spring spiral 14 be installed on the sound mallet frame 21 spring repeatedly 8, repeatedly string rope 9 be connected to repeatedly spring 8 and push rod 12.Adjustable push rod spring 13 acts on the push rod 12, and makes push rod 12 all hit device 5 near changeing at bar thick stick mechanism kinematic during to any position.Spring 8 and

string rope

9 and 13 same functions of push rod spring repeatedly repeatedly.

When pressing key, lever lifts and makes to change and hit that device rotates around the axis so that the sound mallet knocks on the string.

At this moment, backstop 18 can be near back pad 10 when back pad 10 moves with convenient key at complete down state in backstop 18.When key during near its limit of pressing fully, push rod is run into and is fixed on contracting on the hammer butt 17 and transfers 16 push rod to be swayed so that leave to change and hit device (at this moment being to trigger pressure).When key unclamped, push rod just returned to its position by push rod spring 13 effects.

In traditional piano, when repeating to play (some keys), key wherein not exclusively unclamps.Because key is not released fully, so when the sound mallet turns back to its stationary state under the influence of the sound mallet back-moving spring 4 on being fixed in back-moving spring bar 3, push rod but can not enter it and be in working position on the arcuate surfaces, has so just hindered fast and has played repeatedly.

But, according to present embodiment, back-moving spring supporting-point 6 is in changes the below hit device 5, and it is applied to change with less tension force and hits on the device and because the effect of the additional tension of spring 8 can make push rod 12 be pulled back to commentaries on classics to hit on the active position on the device arcuate surfaces repeatedly.Arcuate surfaces on the top 12A of push rod 12 can be processed to such an extent that make it slick and sly more so that enter the below that device 5 is hit in commentaries on classics.

Because when the sound mallet be lifted to string have certain requirement apart from the time, as common upright piano what happens, the additional tension of spring is not enough to the sound mallet is shifted onto on the string repeatedly, therefore additional one regulate supporting (7), when it contacts with sound mallet back-moving spring 4, just increased its tension force, made it than bigger by spring applied repeatedly tension force.

When transfer 16 effects by contracting push rod being moved, it hits device 5 from commentaries on classics and unclamps and increased repeatedly tension force on the spring 8.When key unclamped, the additional tension of spring back into push rod on its quick active position repeatedly repeatedly.

According to present embodiment, the increase that triggers pressure is to realize by the condiment of additional triggering supporting-point 7.

When the sound mallet reach with string at a distance of for desired apart from the time, sound mallet back-moving spring 4 contacts with the triggering supporting-point 7 that adds and has increased its tension force.Meanwhile, push rod 12 also just contacts with the accent 15 that contracts, and can be felt by the player so trigger the increase of pressure.

It is similar that this pressure institute when playing grand piano is experienced.

In upright piano, string is vertical at the striking point place, and the hammered string instrument structure is vertical and keyboard is a level.

In the present embodiment, string 24 all becomes one to be angle tilt at the striking point place with the hammered string instrument structure, has only keyboard to keep intact, and is level, as shown in Figure 2.

Because here string and hammered string instrument structure and the vertical similar angle that forms make that gravity can influence reseting movement to a greater extent than general upright piano in fact.Therefore just increase triggering pressure and reduced sound mallet reset time.Because string becomes this angle tilt to make the key in the casing that is contained in same size can do longlyer.

In upright piano, the position of hammered string instrument structure and keyboard is fixed.When soft-pedal moved, the sound mallet moved near string.In grand piano, hammered string instrument structure and keyboard are installed together, and when soft-pedal moved, hammered string instrument structure and keyboard were displaced sideways and make the sound mallet knock less string.

When the starting soft-pedal, (key) sense of touch changes to some extent in upright piano; And in grand piano, the sense of touch of key does not but change during the starting soft-pedal.

In the present embodiment, because damper is separated with the hammer butt of vertical hammered string instrument structure, so that it is more similar to grand piano to realize that keyboard and being displaced sideways of hammered string instrument structure make.

In embodiment illustrated in fig. 2, damper 25 is fixed on the damper hammer butt 26.Damper hammer butt 26 is connected to (web member does not illustrate) on the piano frame when key 19 lifts by the part at string end place, by system sound lever device 27 damper is worked.System sound lever 27 is connected on the damper hammer butt 26.

Should be noted that the important difference between the damper device of prior art damper device 60 and Fig. 2.In the prior art, damper is worked by the motion of hitting string lever 15.In the present embodiment, (damper hammer butt 26) just might make damper directly come transmission by each corresponding key 19 on the other hammer butt because damper is fixed on.Like this, the running of damper can be regulated to reduce the desired key pressure of operation damper, so that the resistance of damper can not produce adverse influence to the sense of touch of playing.And, owing to the damper device is fixed on another hammer butt that separates with the hammered string instrument structure, and directly to operate by key, damper device 60 can separately be installed independently in advance with the hammered string instrument structure.So each damper can be regulated respectively and proofread and correct to guarantee that each damper is worked before the hammered string instrument structure is installed under suitable position of piano key and key pressure.Usually, damper is got on very well, it is suitable that a half that reaches its stroke when its corresponding key begins to lift.

Usually the crossbearer (plate) of upright piano is by castiron, the form that it may be as shown in Figure 6.Crossbearer is being supported by a wooden after-frame, and crossbearer places before the soundboard and supporting string shaft.The fundamental purpose of crossbearer is to support string, installs crown cut and locking string shaft.

In the present embodiment, the major part of crossbearer 28 is to be supported on fully in the groove 30 in the crossbearer in soundboard 29 back and for soundboard.The major part of boom plate 28 is to support soundboard, bass string, following bass crown cut and tuning system.Install after the soundboard, the second portion that crossbearer is installed is to support following high pitch crown cut and high pitch string.Crossbearer can be cast into one with the soundboard that is contained in the crossbearer back side, or soundboard is suspended in the string frame back side; Perhaps soundboard also can be installed on the discrete plank flange or framework.

Shown in Fig. 5 A, soundboard can be clamped in one to be had in the groove of margin of uplift in the crossbearer part, and there is the radius identical or bigger with soundboard at this edge, and is designed to strengthen preformed lug boss in the soundboard.

In upright piano, soundboard clamps following bass crown cut and high pitch crown cut 30 as shown in Figure 4.The soundboard preferred design helps bar so that soundboard has protrusion or helps to keep its protrusion.

In the present embodiment, the soundboard of Fig. 5 be lamination and approximate 1/60th protuberance arranged, it does not have ribbed arch and bass and high pitch crown cut above supporting.

Protuberance on the soundboard 29 is when it is formed during at lamination, and provides better support by the margin of uplift of crossbearer 28, soundboard 29 is processed into the shape of the soundboard that more resembles grand piano, and does not resemble upright piano.

In traditional upright piano, bass and high pitch crown cut branch are opened in the low side of string and have a place to contact with soundboard.

In the present embodiment as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, crown cut 30 is in the upper end of string 24, and high pitch crown cut and bass crown cut are unified into one and have two places to contact, i.e. bridge rail 32 on soundboard 29 and briquetting 33.The adjustable positions of crown cut 30 on crown cut hanging bridge 33, soundboard is being supported by the edge 31 of crossbearer 28.

Fig. 7 represents the embodiment of another kind of soundboard mounting means, and soundboard 29 is fixed on the bridge rail 32, and bridge rail 32 is fixed on the hanging bridge 34 that is supporting crown cut 30 successively.Hanging bridge 34 is supported in the otch 35 of crossbearer 28, soundboard 29 passes soundboard 29 by a hanging bolt 36 and soundboard flange 37 is suspended on the crossbearer 28, if being parallel in the plane of soundboard one, stretches away flange 37 along soundboard, then flange is free of attachment on the crossbearer 28 and is directly connected on the qin case of piano, perhaps links on the tank bracket of cartridge box.

In known upright piano or grand piano, tuning pin is by the string shaft clamping of crossbearer back.

In the present embodiment as shown in Figure 8, tuning pin 43 is clamped in the sleeve 44, and sleeve is clamped on the crossbearer body.Bore or cast a hole 45 on crossbearer, in sleeve 44 patchholes 45 and adopt any suitable method that comprises press fit to fix.Tuning pin 43 injects in the sleeve 44, and string 24 is fixed on the tuning pin 43.Then peg being screwed in sleeve is applied on the string tension force.Though the available any suitable material of sleeve, the most handy heat curing phenolic resin potpourri that is mixed with wood chip is made.And sleeve also can be made a long tube of the center pit of suitable diameter, and it is cut into the sleeve of certain size.

In a known upright piano, top panel is made by a monoblock timber, and with two long bodies of side and upper top cover body is sealed.

In the present embodiment as shown in Figure 9, top panel 36 is by the two boards material is synthetic up and down, and its top 37 is contained in the rotating shaft of two sides.

When acoustic plate 37 was opened, the sound of piano was directly towards the player, and when the acoustic plate was closed, sound was inclusive in the inner face of piano.

See Figure 10 now again, it represents another embodiment, wherein hanging bridge be placed in string under.Therefore, a string shaft 38 is arranged at the top that is illustrated in string 24, and tuning pin 43 and pressure bar 39 are arranged on the string shaft, and string is crossed the string supporting 40 on the crossbearer.Soundboard 29 links to each other with bridge rail 32, and the bridge rail is connected on the hanging bridge 34 that has removable crown cut 30.String is tied up to hanging on the string nail 41, hangs the bottom that the string nail is fixed on crossbearer, or hangs in the string district 42.

Though, various embodiment of the present invention are elaborated, in fact the invention is not restricted to foregoing, and should comprise that dropping on the present invention conceives the interior various evolutionary approach of scope.

Claims

1, a kind of piano struck string mechanism that is used in conjunction with the piano of a qin frame, this hammered string instrument structure comprises: a lever, one can hit device with respect to the commentaries on classics that this qin frame rotates, one is installed on this commentaries on classics hits mallet handle on the device, the sound hammer head of device is hit in support one away from this commentaries on classics on this mallet handle, this commentaries on classics is hit device and can be rotated around a pivot hits the strike string state of this string away from the stationary state of string and this sound hammer head at this sound hammer head between, it is characterized in that also providing with a push rod, when in stationary state, this push rod contacts this commentaries on classics and hits device, and this push rod is arranged to a corresponding key by this piano of pressing makes this commentaries on classics hit device to turn to it from its stationary state and hit the string state, hit device in this commentaries on classics and turn to when hitting the string state from stationary state, this push rod then hits device with this commentaries on classics and disengages; One push rod spring acts between described push rod and the described lever, spring assembly acts between described push rod and the described qin frame repeatedly, and wherein said push rod does not need this key to be returned to its stationary state fully under the influence of described spring just can to hit device with described commentaries on classics and contact.

2, piano struck string as claimed in claim 1 mechanism, it is characterized in that also comprising: act on the bias unit that device is hit in described commentaries on classics, this device is setovered to this stationary state from this strike string state in order to described commentaries on classics is hit device, this bias unit is arranged to when described commentaries on classics and hits that device is in or during contiguous its stationary state, this bias unit just applies first power on the primary importance of device is hit in described commentaries on classics, when described commentaries on classics is hit device and is rotated to a intermediateness between this stationary state and this strike string state from this stationary state, this bias unit just applies second power on the second place of device is hit in described commentaries on classics, this commentaries on classics is hit first position of device away from its second position, and when applying second power on second position of device hit in this commentaries on classics, hits when applying first power on first position of device this bias unit than be contained in this commentaries on classics when this biasing, make this bias unit that device is hit in this commentaries on classics and be biased to this stationary state from this strike string state, the moment that this bias unit produced is big under one state of ratio back under previous state.

3, piano struck string as claimed in claim 1 mechanism, it is characterized in that also comprising: act on the bias unit that device is hit in described commentaries on classics, setover to this stationary state from this strike string state in order to described commentaries on classics is hit device, this bias unit is arranged to when described commentaries on classics and hits that device is in or during contiguous its stationary state, this bias unit just applies first power on the primary importance of device is hit in described commentaries on classics, when described commentaries on classics is hit device and is rotated to a intermediateness between this stationary state and this strike string state from stationary state, this bias unit just applies second power on the second place of device is hit in described commentaries on classics, this commentaries on classics is hit contiguous this second place of described pivot in first position of device then away from described pivot on perpendicular to the direction of described pivot, make and when this bias unit applies second power on second position of device hit in this commentaries on classics, to compare when this bias unit applies first power on the primary importance of device is hit in this commentaries on classics, make this bias unit that device is hit in this commentaries on classics and be biased to this stationary state from this strike string state, the moment that this bias unit produced ratio under previous state is big under one state of back.

4,, it is characterized in that this bias unit also is arranged to just at this push rod to break away from before this commentaries on classics hits device, just this bias unit applies second power in second position that device is hit in this commentaries on classics as any described piano struck string mechanism in claim 2 or 3.

5, as any described piano struck string mechanism in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that this bias unit comprises a wire spring, this wire spring is arranged to when this commentaries on classics is hit device and is in stationary state, this wire spring hits contact with it on the primary importance of device in this commentaries on classics, and when this commentaries on classics is hit device and is moved to intermediateness, this wire spring be contained in the supporting that this commentaries on classics hits on the second place of device and contact.

6, piano struck string as claimed in claim 5 mechanism, the position that it is characterized in that hitting in this commentaries on classics the supporting on the device is adjustable.

7, as any described piano struck string mechanism in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that this bias unit comprises a wire spring, this spring has position first and second supportings thereon, this first supporting is arranged to when this commentaries on classics is hit device and is in this stationary state, this first supporting is just hit contact with it on the primary importance of device in this commentaries on classics, and this second supporting is arranged to when this commentaries on classics is hit device and moved to this intermediateness, and this second supporting is just hit contact with it on the second place of device in this commentaries on classics.

8, piano struck string as claimed in claim 7 mechanism is characterized in that the position of second supporting on this wire spring can be regulated.

9, as any described piano struck string mechanism in claim 2 or 3, it is characterized in that described push rod spring and the spring assembly described push rod that resets repeatedly, make it to resist the power of this bias unit and hit device and contact with this commentaries on classics.

10, piano struck string as claimed in claim 9 mechanism, it is characterized in that this push rod spring and repeatedly the operation of spring assembly only need resist first power of this bias unit, so that under the situation that key is resetted fully, make this push rod hit device and contact again with this commentaries on classics.