CN101831529A - 曲轴圆角激光冲击处理强化方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
曲轴圆角激光冲击处理强化方法，属于材料表面强化处理领域。本发明采用强激光束对其拉应力源区进行冲击强化处理，激光冲击波对圆角表面均匀施加应力波，使其产生微塑性变形后得以强化，形成相变强化层和石墨马氏体环。本发明能有效提高曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角的强度，延长曲轴疲劳寿命。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于材料表面强化处理领域，特别涉及一种利用激光冲击波强化处理柴油机曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角的方法，在曲轴圆角表面产生相变层，从而提高曲轴使用寿命。
背景技术
球墨铸铁曲轴具有优良的综合机械性能，目前全球生产量最大的4缸汽油发动机曲轴基本上采用球墨铸铁材质。曲轴承受负荷最大，使曲轴各部分产生弯曲、扭转、剪切、拉压等交变应力，其损伤一般有疲劳裂纹、轴颈磨损、弯曲变形和扭转变形等。曲轴连杆轴颈与曲柄过渡圆角处表面承受交变应力最大，会产生严重的应力集中，疲劳裂纹一般最容易在此部位产生，并向曲柄深处发展，造成曲轴的最终断裂，曲轴圆角部位的疲劳破坏是主要的失效形式。因此，曲轴要求有足够的强度、刚度、耐磨性和平衡精度，在曲轴的制造过程中，必须对其进行强化处理。
本发明专利是在不改变曲轴材料和结构前提下，采用激光冲击波使曲轴圆角得到强化，在强化处理后基本不变形，产生相变强化层和石墨马氏体环，对于提高曲轴疲劳寿命具有很现实的意义。
发明内容
曲轴工作过程中所受的应力为拉压交变应力，其疲劳破坏形式主要受拉压交变应力的影响，在曲轴连杆轴颈与曲柄过渡处圆角产生拉应力，这是曲轴产生疲劳破坏的应力来源。本发明专利采用强激光束对其拉应力源区进行冲击强化处理，激光冲击波对圆角表面均匀施加应力波，使其产生微塑性变形后得以强化，形成相变强化层和石墨马氏体环。
激光冲击处理是使表层材料变形的强化方法，轴颈圆角处在高强度应力波作用下发生强烈变形，在圆角表层产生相变强化层、石墨细化和石墨马氏体环，从而达到提高曲轴的强度。激光冲击处理曲轴的工艺参数：激光脉冲宽度为22ns，波长为1.054μm，放大自发辐射脉宽为1μs，输出激光用焦距为2m聚焦系统聚焦，聚焦光斑直径为5mm。试件表面为铝箔，约束层为2mm厚的水。
本发明能有效提高曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角的强度，延长曲轴疲劳寿命。
附图说明
图1为激光冲击强化曲轴圆角示意图
图2为曲轴圆角强化层
图3为曲轴圆角表面金相
图4为曲轴圆角表面形貌
图5为激光冲击处理后细化的石墨
1、曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角 2、激光 3、基体 4、相变强化层 5、马氏体环6、石墨
具体实施方式
(1)激光冲击处理工艺参数：激光脉冲宽度为22ns，波长为1.054μm，放大自发辐射脉宽为1μs，输出激光用焦距为2m聚焦系统聚焦，聚焦光斑直径为5mm。试件表面为铝箔，约束层为水，如图1所示，利用激光2对曲轴圆角表面强化处理。曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角1在激光2的应力波作用下发生强烈变形，在圆角表层形成相变强化层4，如图2所示，达到提高曲轴的强度。
(2)曲轴原始状态显微组织为球状石墨+基体组织(F、F+P、P)，基体组织为铁素体+珠光体，石墨球均匀弥散分布，如图3(a)所示。经激光冲击处理后相变强化层组织如图3(b)所示，其组织为马氏体+残留奥氏体+球状石墨，材料组织主要表现为马氏体，出现在碳浓度较高的石墨片周围。在石墨球周围形成马氏体环6，环外是白亮的碳扩散区，由针状马氏体和大量的残余奥氏体组成，显微组织呈现周期梯度分布，使马氏体分布于奥氏体基体上，如图3(c)所示。马氏体环6的出现，相当于软基体上增加了硬质相，这对提高曲轴耐磨性十分有利。
(3)激光冲击处理后球墨铸铁表面产生了塑性变形过程，如图4所示，其结果表现石墨球直径有所减小，有些部位石墨球甚至全部溶解，如图5所示，有利于延缓疲劳裂纹的产生与扩展，延长曲轴的使用寿命。
Claims (3)
1.曲轴圆角激光冲击处理强化方法，其特征在于：采用强激光束对其拉应力源区即曲轴连杆与曲柄过渡圆角处进行冲击强化处理，激光冲击波对圆角表面均匀施加应力波，使其产生微塑性变形后得以强化，形成相变强化层和石墨马氏体环。
2.权利要求1所述的曲轴圆角激光冲击处理强化方法，其特征在于：激光冲击处理曲轴的工艺参数为：激光脉冲宽度为22ns，波长为1.054μm，放大自发辐射脉宽为1μs，输出激光用焦距为2m聚焦系统聚焦，聚焦光斑直径为5mm，试件表面设有铝箔，约束层为2mm厚的水。
3.权利要求1所述的曲轴圆角激光冲击处理强化方法，其特征在于：相变强化层组织为马氏体+残留奥氏体+球状石墨，马氏体出现在碳浓度较高的石墨片周围，在石墨球周围形成马氏体环，马氏体环外是白亮的碳扩散区，由针状马氏体和大量的残余奥氏体组成，显微组织呈现周期梯度分布，使马氏体分布于奥氏体基体上。
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104080572A (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-10-01 | 黑根沙伊特-Mfd有限公司及两合公司 | 改善曲轴表面质量的方法 |
| CN105755215A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 江苏大学 | 一种发动机曲轴的制造方法及其激光冲击强化装置 |
| CN108950146A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-07 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | 一种可工业应用的曲轴圆角强化方法 |
| US10876185B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2020-12-29 | Ningbo Institute Of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Laser shock peening apparatus for surface of workpiece, and laser shock peening method |
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| CN2128251Y (zh) * | 1992-06-30 | 1993-03-17 | 沈阳工业学院 | 一种经激光表面处理的压铸冲头 |
| CN1155725C (zh) * | 2000-03-22 | 2004-06-30 | 广州富通光科技术有限公司 | 冷硬轧辊、球墨铸铁件、灰口铸铁件表面的激光处理方法 |
| CN1517449A (zh) * | 2003-01-16 | 2004-08-04 | 江 王 | 激光能量控制下的表面处理方法及用该方法处理的零件 |
| CN100593038C (zh) * | 2007-08-22 | 2010-03-03 | 中国航空工业第一集团公司北京航空制造工程研究所 | 一种孔结构的激光冲击处理方法 |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104080572A (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2014-10-01 | 黑根沙伊特-Mfd有限公司及两合公司 | 改善曲轴表面质量的方法 |
| CN104080572B (zh) * | 2011-09-16 | 2016-11-09 | 黑根沙伊特-Mfd有限公司及两合公司 | 改善曲轴表面质量的方法 |
| US10876185B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2020-12-29 | Ningbo Institute Of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Laser shock peening apparatus for surface of workpiece, and laser shock peening method |
| US11203798B2 (en) | 2013-10-31 | 2021-12-21 | Ningbo Institute Of Materials Technology & Engineering, Chinese Academy Of Sciences | Laser shock peening apparatus for surface of workpiece, and laser shock peening method |
| CN105755215A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2016-07-13 | 江苏大学 | 一种发动机曲轴的制造方法及其激光冲击强化装置 |
| CN105755215B (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2018-02-27 | 江苏大学 | 一种发动机曲轴的制造方法及其激光冲击强化装置 |
| CN108950146A (zh) * | 2018-08-29 | 2018-12-07 | 西安天瑞达光电技术股份有限公司 | 一种可工业应用的曲轴圆角强化方法 |
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