CN101830237B - Safe and real-time detection system and method of heavy haulage lines based on optical fiber sensor network - Google Patents
Safe and real-time detection system and method of heavy haulage lines based on optical fiber sensor network Download PDFInfo
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- CN101830237B CN101830237B CN2010103004627A CN201010300462A CN101830237B CN 101830237 B CN101830237 B CN 101830237B CN 2010103004627 A CN2010103004627 A CN 2010103004627A CN 201010300462 A CN201010300462 A CN 201010300462A CN 101830237 B CN101830237 B CN 101830237B
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Abstract
The invention provides a safe and real-time detection system and a method of heavy haulage lines based on an optical fiber sensor network, relating to the technical field of optical fiber sensor networks and solving the problems of low precision, high cost and inconvenient real-time on-line detection of the existing heavy haulage rail haulage line safety monitoring technology. A rail fiber bragg grating strain sensor, a rail fiber bragg grating strain and acceleration combined sensor and a bridge fiber bragg grating strain and temperature combined temperature sensor are connected in series to form a monitoring area via transfer optical fibers; light emitted by a light source is incident in the monitoring area by a coupler; and when a heaving haul train passes through the rails in the monitoring areas, the running state among rails can lead the reflective wavelength of the fiber bragg grating to change, a computer judges the fracture condition at a rail seamless welding part, the damage conditions of train wheels, rails and roadbeds, inner strain condition caused by expansion and contraction of rails due to temperature and bridge structure safe state according to the change condition of the reflective wavelength. The invention is applicable to on-line monitoring of the heavy haulage lines.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical fiber sensing network technical field, be specifically related to heavy haul transport line security monitoring system and method.
Background technology
Heavy haul transport is since coming out, because its remarkable economic efficiency makes it obtain fast development, heavy haul transport is by internationally recognized direction for the railway freight development at present.China's heavy haul train tonne also develops into 2 tons by the earliest 5000 tonnes.In starting the process of heavy haul train, because freight volume and the heavy increase of axle, existing circuit, the equipment of bridge equipment far can not adapt to requirement, occur following fault easily: (1) heavily loaded continuous welded rail track welding seam breaking and wheel, rail, roadbed hurt sharply increase.The interior rail failure ratio of some months was started the preceding 50%-80% of increasing after for example Qun Dynasty's line was started ten thousand tons of trains, and weld seam hurt amount increment rate reaches 224%.(2) on the heavily loaded continuously welded rail track because the expanding with heat and contract with cold of rail, irrealizable stroke all is converted into temperature stress, this stress causes expansion rail track easily and breaks the rail problem, and traffic safety is constituted a threat to.(3) bridge is aging, fatigue problem is serious.As seen develop heavy haul railway security information real-time monitoring system and seem particularly important.
First track checking car of China nineteen fifty-one development cooperated with the U.S. in 1989, developed XGJ-1 type track checking car, developed GJ-4 type track checking car in 1998, can measure geometric parameters such as the gauge of track, distortions.Detection to rail failure mainly is ray scratch, magnetic particle inspection, penetrant flaw detection, eddy current scratch, ultrasonic detection of defects, but they must use track checking car, can not monitor the health condition of track in real time.Since continuous welded rail track came out, the monitoring of rail temperature just had been placed to an important status.But the railway rail temperature of China monitoring at present mainly is to finish by artificial measurement of fixed place and time.The monitoring data density that this temp measuring method obtained is little, is difficult to catch the gentle minimum rail temperature of the highest rail in day, month, year; Therefore appropriation of labour power is many, measured error is big, real-time is poor, is difficult to for railway operation provides in time, the decision-making foundation of accurate, science.The a lot of bridges of China all manufacture and design according to common line, because heavy haul train has three high characteristics of high rate of traffic flow, high tonnage rating, high bicycle load-carrying, behind the operation heavy haul train, these bridges have surpassed load, thereby quickened the aging and infringement of bridge, there is hidden danger, so also very necessary to bridge monitoring.
In addition, traditional sensors need be monitored information such as the strain of bridge, rail different parts, vibration, temperature respectively with different sensors, is subjected to effects limit such as position, time, almost can't realize real-time monitoring.And different sensors transducing physical quantity is not quite similar, this to sensory information merge, the intelligent processing bring a lot of inconvenience.
Since the nineties, China has just begun the applied research to optical fiber sensing technology, and has had commercial product to sell.But because said method and system price costliness, cost is very high, and suitable cost performance is only just arranged on large bridge.But heavy haul railway bridge great majority all are small bridge, with existing bridge monitoring product it are monitored, and equipment price is too expensive, so the optical fiber grating of employing bridge fatigue monitoring is seldom arranged, majority can only depend on the personal monitoring.Yet,, can reduce the monitoring cost greatly if bridge and the shared cover network system of rail are monitored.
Summary of the invention
The present invention exists in order to overcome existing heavy haul railway transportation route safety monitoring technology method that precision is low, cost is high, is not easy to the problem of real time on-line monitoring, and a kind of heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system and method based on optical fiber sensing network is provided.
Heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network, it comprises light source, coupler, n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor, m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor, the Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator, computing machine, n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor, i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor and m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor are chained together by Transmission Fibers and form the monitored area, i wherein, m, n is an even number, per two rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensors rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor group that partners is right, n/2 is right to rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor group altogether, partner rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor group of per two rail fiber grating strains and acceleration/accel combination sensor is right, i/2 is right to rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor group altogether, per two bridge fiber grating strains become a pair of bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor groups right with temperature combination sensor groups, m/2 is right to bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor groups altogether, the every pair of rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor group is fixed on the seamless weld of rail to what adopt the method symmetry of pasting along the rail direction, the every pair of rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor group are fixed on the web of the rail place of the one section rail of left and right sides rail between two sleepers to symmetry along the rail direction, the every pair of bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor groups are fixed on the representational section of bridge main beam bottom stress point to symmetry along the bridge direction, one end of light source and coupler links together by Transmission Fibers, the other end and the monitored area of coupler link together by Transmission Fibers, the 3rd end of coupler links to each other with the input end of Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator, and the mouth of Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator links to each other with input end and computer.
Utilization based on the monitoring method of the heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system of optical fiber sensing network is:
The light that light source sends incides the monitored area through coupler, rail, running state between bridge and the wheel track will cause the variation of optical fiber grating reflection wavelength, the wavelength signals that changes is sent in the Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator, the Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator utilizes the wavelength devision multiplex demodulation techniques that the variable signal demodulation of the reflection wavelength of all fiber-optic grating sensors in the monitored area is come out to be passed to computing machine, computing machine is according to the situation of change of reflection wavelength, judge the crack conditions of the seamless weld of rail, train wheel and rail, the sick and wounded situation of roadbed, the rail that causes by temperature expand with heat and contract with cold the internal strain situation that produces and the structural safety state of bridge, offer the user, and the information that in good time gives a warning.
Optical fiber grating (fiber Bragg grating FBG) sensor has the electromagnetic interference of avoiding, volume little (monitoring thing structure is almost had no effect), (stick on the testee surface and can produce any influence to structure, the performance of object hardly) in light weight, life-span long (＞20 years), highly sensitive, can utilize Wavelength-encoding, be not subjected to the light intensity influence of fluctuations, simple optical fiber can be realized the multiplexing of a large amount of fiber-optic grating sensors, realization is monitored during to information of same such as the strain of vehicle, temperature, vibrations, be easy to networking, but optical fiber deepening length reaches advantages such as 100km.These advantages make it become the most desirable sensing material of heavy haul transport line security monitoring.
The present invention is applicable to heavy haul transport circuit on-line monitoring, can realize high precision, anti-electromagnetic interference, withstanding corrosion, online high slowdown monitoring with apparatus and method monitoring heavy haul transport circuit of the present invention.The various types of optical fiber grating sensor that utilization of the present invention is laid on railway line and bridge reaches the result of a measurement that comprehensive analyses is obtained by each sensor, can realize the monitoring of following content: the crack conditions monitoring of the seamless weld of rail; The sick and wounded condition monitoring of train wheel and rail, roadbed; The expand with heat and contract with cold monitoring of the internal strain that produces of the rail that causes by temperature; The structural safety condition monitoring of bridge; By the sensor of laying on bridge and the rail is connected, form incorporate sensor network, make the shared cover monitoring system of bridge and railway, realize the intelligent management of heavy haul railway line security monitoring, reduced the monitoring cost.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the heavy haul railway transportation route safety monitoring system structural representation based on optical fiber sensing network.Fig. 2 is the structural representation of Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator 11.
The specific embodiment
The specific embodiment one: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network, it comprises light source 1, coupler 2, n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8, m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor 10, Fabry Perot (FBG) demodulator 11, computing machine 12, n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 and m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor 10 are chained together by Transmission Fibers 3 and form monitored area 7, i wherein, m, n is an even number, per two rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensors 5 rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor group that partners is right, n/2 is right to 5 groups of rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensors altogether, partner rail fiber grating strain and 8 groups of acceleration/accel combination sensors of per two rail fiber grating strains and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 is right, i/2 is right to rail fiber grating strain and 8 groups of acceleration/accel combination sensors altogether, partner bridge fiber grating strain and 10 groups of temperature combination sensors of per two bridge fiber grating strains and temperature combination sensor 10 is right, m/2 is right to bridge fiber grating strain and 10 groups of temperature combination sensors altogether, 5 groups of the every pair of rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensors are fixed on the seamless weld of rail to the method symmetry that adopts to paste along the rail direction, 8 groups of the every pair of rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensors are fixed on the web of the rail place of the one section rail of left and right sides rail between two sleepers to symmetry along the rail direction, 10 groups of the every pair of bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensors are fixed on the representational section of bridge main beam bottom stress point to symmetry along the bridge direction, light source 1 links together by Transmission Fibers 3 with an end of coupler 2, the other end of coupler 2 and monitored area 7 link together by Transmission Fibers 3, the 3rd end of coupler 2 links to each other with the input end of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11, and the mouth of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11 links to each other with the input end of computing machine 12.
The specific embodiment two: present embodiment is that with the difference of the specific embodiment one n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, an i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8, a m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor 10 have different reflection wavelengths, and light source 1 is a wideband light source.
The optical signal wave band of wideband light source 1 is enough wide can to cover n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, an i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8, a m bridge fiber grating strain and the reflection wavelength of temperature combination sensor 10 and the wavelength shift amount of each fiber-optic grating sensor, the side-play amount of the maximum unbalance loading value that allows in the wavelength of wavelength interval than reflected signal between per two fiber-optic grating sensors is also big, and reflection wavelength does not have overlapping part like this.
The specific embodiment three: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment and the specific embodiment one or twos' difference is that Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11 is by Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter 13, sawtooth signal generating means 14, opto-electronic conversion, amplify, circuit 15 is adjusted in filtering, data acquisition unit 16 is formed, a signal input part of described tunable fiber fp filter 13 is used to receive Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11 exterior incoming signals, another signal input part of Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter 13 links to each other with a signal output part of sawtooth signal generating means 14, the signal output part of Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter 13 and opto-electronic conversion, amplify, the signal input part that circuit 15 is adjusted in filtering links to each other, opto-electronic conversion, amplify, the signal output part that circuit 15 is adjusted in filtering links to each other with a signal input part of data acquisition unit 16, another signal output part of sawtooth signal generating means 14 links to each other with another signal input part of data acquisition unit 16, and the signal output part of data acquisition unit 16 is used for to the Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11 outside output signals that send.
The strain that the external world causes, temperature traverse and acceleration/accel drift about the reflection wavelength of the fiber-optic grating sensor with different reflection wavelengths, have a different wave length λ from what each fiber-optic grating sensor reflected
1, λ
2..., λ
N+m+iOptical signal enter Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter 13, sawtooth signal generating means 14 applies sawtooch sweep voltage on the piezoelectrics of Fabry-Perot-type cavity, regulate the interval of Fabry-Perot-type cavity, different scanning voltage correspondent method Fabry-Perot-type cavity transmission light wavelength difference, the wavelength optical signals that a plurality of fiber-optic grating sensor synchronizations are reflected is passed through Fabry-Perot-type cavities in the different moment of same scanning period, pass through opto-electronic conversion again, amplify, filtering is adjusted circuit 15 light pulse is converted to the sequential electric impulse signal, after entering data acquisition system 16 image data, the sawtooch sweep voltage signal sends into computing machine 12, carry out signal conditioning, finally obtain information measured.The sawtooch sweep voltage that sawtooth signal generating means 14 sends can reach 2 KHz to the scanning speed of Fabry-Perot-type cavity, can monitor the wheel of railway line, the vibration signal that the rail fault produces fully.
The specific embodiment four: present embodiment is described in conjunction with Fig. 1, present embodiment is a method of utilizing the heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network described in the specific embodiment one to monitor: the light that light source 1 sends incides monitored area 7 through coupler 2, rail, running state between bridge and the wheel track will cause the variation of optical fiber grating reflection wavelength, the wavelength signals that changes is sent in the Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11, Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator 11 utilizes the wavelength devision multiplex demodulation techniques that the variable signal demodulation of the reflection wavelength of all fiber-optic grating sensors in the monitored area 7 is come out to be passed to computing machine 12, computing machine 12 is according to the situation of change of reflection wavelength, judge the crack conditions of the seamless weld of rail, train wheel and rail, the sick and wounded situation of roadbed, the rail that causes by temperature expand with heat and contract with cold the internal strain situation that produces and the structural safety state of bridge, offer the user, and the information that in good time gives a warning.
Described running state comprises stress, vibration, state of temperature.
The specific embodiment five: present embodiment is further specifying the crack conditions method of judging the seamless weld of rail in the specific embodiment four: computing machine 12 is by the change information of each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5 reflection wavelength of monitoring, whether the seamless weld of judging the rail at each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5 place the crack occurs: if the seamless weld of rail has the crack, then heavy haul train is through herein the time, the axial strain that the place, crack can make rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5 produce increases than normal circumstances, cause the optical fiber grating reflection wavelength to produce improper drift, by comparing each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5 monitoring result of each wheel is judged whether the seamless weld of rail fracture occurs, at wheel during by any rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor 5, if all wheels have all produced improper wave length shift herein, can judge that then the seamless weld of rail has produced fracture herein; If only the part wheel has produced improper wave length shift herein, then can judge it may is that wheel tread has produced damage, if all wheels all do not produce improper wave length shift herein, then can judge the not fracture of seamless weld of rail herein.
The specific embodiment six: present embodiment is to judging train wheel and rail in the specific embodiment four, further specifying of the sick and wounded situation method of roadbed: the change information of computing machine 12 each rail fiber grating strain of monitoring and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 reflection wavelengths, the impulsive force that described reflection wavelength change information produces rail when comprising wheel contact rail contacts the vibration signal that is produced when bumping with wheel with rail, the impulsive force that when described wheel contacts rail rail is produced is to be write down by the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor 8, described wheel contacts the vibration signal that is produced when bumping with rail be to be write down by the optical fibre grating acceleration sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor 8, detected vibration signal is carried out frequency spectrum and power spectral analysis, if rail, damage appears in train wheel or roadbed, then heavy haul train is through herein the time, the result of a measurement of rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 has different with the zero damage situation, the axial strain meeting that fiber Bragg grating strain sensor produces increases, frequency spectrum and power spectrum that optical fibre grating acceleration sensor produces can occur unusually, judge train wheel and rail by this improper difference that rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 occur, the sick and wounded situation of roadbed: if each wheel of heavy haul train herein by the time all produced unusually, can judge that then damage has appearred in rail herein; If certain wheel of train all occurs during by each sensor this unusual, can judge that then damage has appearred in this wheel; If every group of train wheel is to by rail left and right sides rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 time, the rail fiber grating strain of both sides and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 have all occurred indicating that damage has appearred in roadbed herein unusually.
Just can distinguish rail, train wheel or roadbed as the case may be by above-mentioned analysis and problem occur.From the degree of impairment of above three aspects monitoring rail, wheel, roadbed, thus the possibility of prediction derailing, and the accident that prevents takes place.Simultaneously, utilize rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 can also judge subgrade defect, situations such as, sleeper skew loosening, subgrade settlement, soft, frost boiling as rail clip.
The specific embodiment seven: present embodiment is to judging the rail that is caused by temperature the further specifying of the internal strain situation method that produces of expanding with heat and contract with cold in the specific embodiment four: when no train passes through, utilize the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor 8 that the rail that is caused by the temperature internal strain that produces that expands with heat and contract with cold is carried out real-time quasistatic monitoring, expand with heat and contract with cold according to gapless rail and to convert the mechanical model of temperature stress to, by determining the internal strain situation of rail, judge the possibility that causes derail because of temperature expansion.
The specific embodiment eight: in conjunction with Fig. 1 present embodiment is described, present embodiment is further specifying the structural safety status method of judging bridge in the specific embodiment four: utilize the main bearing member 9 of bridge fiber grating strain and 10 pairs of heavy haul railway bridges along the line of temperature combination sensor to monitor.
Claims (8)
1. based on the heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system of optical fiber sensing network, it is characterized in that it comprises light source (1), coupler (2), n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5), i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8), m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10), Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11), computing machine (12), n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5), i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) and m bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10) are chained together by Transmission Fibers (3) and form monitored area (7), i wherein, m, n is an even number, per two rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensors (5) rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor group that partners is right, n/2 is right to rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) group altogether, per two rail fiber grating strains and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) group that partners is right, i/2 is right to rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) group altogether, per two bridge fiber grating strains and temperature combination sensor (10) bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10) group that partners is right, m/2 is right to bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10) group altogether, every pair of rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) group is fixed on the seamless weld of rail to what adopt the method symmetry of pasting along the rail direction, the every pair of rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) group are fixed on the web of the rail place of the one section rail of left and right sides rail between two sleepers to symmetry along the rail direction, the every pair of bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10) group are fixed on the representational section of bridge main beam bottom stress point to symmetry along the bridge direction, light source (1) links together by Transmission Fibers (3) with an end of coupler (2), the other end of coupler (2) and monitored area (7) link together by Transmission Fibers (3), the 3rd end of coupler (2) links to each other with the input end of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11), and the mouth of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11) links to each other with the input end of computing machine (12).
2. the heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that n rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5), an i rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8), a m bridge fiber grating strain have different reflection wavelengths with temperature combination sensor (10), light source (1) is a wideband light source.
3. the heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network according to claim 1, it is characterized in that Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11) is by Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter (13), sawtooth signal generating means (14), opto-electronic conversion, amplify, circuit (15) is adjusted in filtering, data acquisition unit (16) is formed, a signal input part of described Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter (13) is used to receive the exterior incoming signal of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11), another signal input part of Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter (13) links to each other with a signal output part of sawtooth signal generating means (14), the signal output part and the opto-electronic conversion of Turnning optical fibre method Fabry-perot filter (13), amplify, the signal input part that circuit (15) is adjusted in filtering links to each other, opto-electronic conversion, amplify, the signal output part that circuit (15) is adjusted in filtering links to each other with a signal input part of data acquisition unit (16), another signal output part of sawtooth signal generating means (14) links to each other with another signal input part of data acquisition unit (16), and the signal output part of data acquisition unit (16) is used for to the outside output signal that sends of Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11).
4. utilize the monitoring method of the described heavy haul transport line security real-time monitoring system based on optical fiber sensing network of claim 1, it is characterized in that the light that light source (1) sends incides monitored area (7) through coupler (2), rail, running state between bridge and the wheel track will cause the variation of optical fiber grating reflection wavelength, Fabry-Periot (FBG) demodulator (11) receives the variable signal of the reflection wavelength that transmit (7) from the monitored area, utilize the wavelength devision multiplex demodulation techniques that the variable signal demodulation of the reflection wavelength of all fiber-optic grating sensor sensings in monitored area (7) is come out to be passed to computing machine (12), computing machine (12) is according to the situation of change of reflection wavelength, judge the crack conditions of the seamless weld of rail, train wheel and rail, the sick and wounded situation of roadbed, the rail that causes by temperature expand with heat and contract with cold the internal strain situation that produces and the structural safety state of bridge, offer the user, and the information that in good time gives a warning.
5. monitoring method according to claim 4, the method that it is characterized in that judging the crack conditions of the seamless weld of rail is specially: computing machine (12) is by the change information of each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) reflection wavelength of monitoring, whether the seamless weld of judging the rail at each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) place the crack occurs: if the seamless weld of rail has the crack, then heavy haul train is through herein the time, the axial strain that the place, crack can make rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) produce increases than normal circumstances, cause the optical fiber grating reflection wavelength to produce improper drift, by comparing each rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5) monitoring result of each wheel is judged whether the seamless weld of rail fracture occurs, when wheel passes through any rail fiber Bragg grating strain sensor (5), if all wheels have all produced improper wave length shift herein, can judge that then the seamless weld of rail has produced fracture herein; If only the part wheel has produced improper wave length shift herein, then can judge it may is that wheel tread has produced damage, if all wheels all do not produce improper wave length shift herein, then can judge the not fracture of seamless weld of rail herein.
6. monitoring method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that judging train wheel and rail, the method of the sick and wounded situation of roadbed is specially: computing machine (12) is monitored the change information of each rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) reflection wavelength, the impulsive force that when change information of described rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) reflection wavelength comprises that wheel contacts rail rail is produced contacts the vibration signal that is produced when bumping with wheel with rail, the impulsive force that when described wheel contacts rail rail is produced is to be write down by the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor (8), described wheel contacts the vibration signal that is produced when bumping and is write down by optical fibre grating acceleration sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) with rail, the vibration signal that monitors is carried out frequency spectrum and power spectral analysis, if rail, damage appears in train wheel or roadbed, then heavy haul train is through herein the time, the result of a measurement of rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) has different with the zero damage situation, the axial strain meeting that fiber Bragg grating strain sensor produces increases, frequency spectrum and power spectrum that optical fibre grating acceleration sensor produces can occur unusually, this unusual judgement train wheel and rail by rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) appearance, the sick and wounded situation of roadbed: if each wheel of heavy haul train herein by the time all produced unusually, can judge that then damage has appearred in rail herein; If certain wheel of train all occurs during by each sensor this unusual, can judge that then damage has appearred in this wheel; If every group of train wheel is to by rail left and right sides rail fiber grating strain and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) time, the rail fiber grating strain of both sides and acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) combination have all occurred unusual, are indicating that damage has appearred in roadbed herein.
7. monitoring method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that judging that the expand with heat and contract with cold method of the internal strain situation that produces of the rail that is caused by temperature is specially: when no train passes through, utilize the fiber Bragg grating strain sensor in rail fiber grating strain and the acceleration/accel combination sensor (8) that the rail that is caused by the temperature internal strain that produces that expands with heat and contract with cold is carried out real-time quasistatic monitoring, expand with heat and contract with cold according to gapless rail and to convert the mechanical model of temperature stress to, by determining the internal strain situation of rail, judge the possibility that causes derail because of temperature expansion.
8. monitoring method according to claim 4 is characterized in that utilizing bridge fiber grating strain and temperature combination sensor (10) that the main bearing member (9) of heavy haul railway bridge along the line is monitored.
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