CN101829702B - Preparation method of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube - Google Patents
Preparation method of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube Download PDFInfo
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- CN101829702B CN101829702B CN2010101518255A CN201010151825A CN101829702B CN 101829702 B CN101829702 B CN 101829702B CN 2010101518255 A CN2010101518255 A CN 2010101518255A CN 201010151825 A CN201010151825 A CN 201010151825A CN 101829702 B CN101829702 B CN 101829702B
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Abstract
The invention aims at providing a preparation method of a 1Cr13 thick-wall tube, which is characterized by comprising the steps of: a hot piercing process: sheared billet processing: stripping a 115-120mm sheared billet obtained by forging after cutting, wherein the stripped sheared billet has outer diameter of 105mm, nonstraightness of less than 1.0mm/m and surface roughness of not more than Ra6.4; a heating process: charging the obtained sheared billet into a furnace, uniformly heating for 90-120min in a low-temperature section at a temperature of 650-850 DEG C, then heating to 1100-1180 DEG C at a speed of more than 2 DEG C/min, and preserving the temperature for 15-30min; point piercing: piercing a point of a molybdenum base alloy; a lubricating agent, glass powder; and cooling: cooling after the piercing, controlling the cooling speed to be less than 100 DEG C/h, and cooling to be room temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tubing processing technology, a kind of preparation method of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube pipe is provided especially.
Background technology
Along with increasingly sharpening of energy crisis, many in the world countries are greatly developing the nuclear power industry.China's nuclear power generating ratio is also very little in total generating ratio, and therefore China has also released the grand blueprint of greatly developing nuclear power.It is reported that the nuclear power station that China plans before the year two thousand twenty, to start building to build reaches more than 30, also have many seat nuclear power stations simultaneously just in addressing or demonstration stage.
Still be technical no matter at equipment, member; Built up at present and also very low in the production domesticization ratio of the nuclear power generating sets of building; The national departments concerned construction of emphasical follow-up nuclear power generating sets will especially will be broken away from critical component external long-term dependence in equipment and the technical ratio that progressively improves production domesticization.Wherein, CRDM is exactly a key component of being badly in need of the in-pile component of realization production domesticization.And control lever (drive rod) is a critical component maximum in the CRDM, is made by 1Cr13 martensitic stain less steel thick-wall tube, at present the whole dependence on import of this tubing.The major function of nuclear power station reactor control stick driving mechanisms control bar is to regulate the power of nuclear reactor, and its main action is can move up and down in time, rapidly, reliably when needed to control the turnover of fuel control rod.The more important thing is when emergency takes place, can insert reactor to control rod to realize shutdown apace.Therefore, require control lever both to have high strength, have high tenacity again, also need simultaneously Hardness Control in prescribed limit.
Can predict; Along with country to raising gradually in the production domesticization index of building and being about to build nuclear power station; Nuclear power plant reactor driving mechanisms control bar also must rely on production domesticization, and the machining of control lever can a plurality of at home enterprises be accomplished at present, and the subject matter of restriction production domesticization is that tubing is still needed and wanted external import; Therefore, the key of driving mechanism production domesticization is exactly a 1Cr13 tubing.Nuclear power plant reactor driving mechanisms control bar will promote China's nuclear power localization rate of parts and components with 1Cr13 tubing production domesticization research success, also will break away from the long-term predicament that relies on external import of crucial goods.
Compare with common 1Cr13 tubing, nuclear power all has a great difference with the 1Cr13 thick-wall tube on composition, cold and hot working and finished product Technology for Heating Processing, and equipment and technology are all had strict requirement.
Summary of the invention
The preparation method who the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube pipe, particularly a kind of to the preparation method of nuclear power station command bundle rods for nuclear reactors drive mechanism bar with 1Cr13 thick-wall tube pipe.
Nuclear power station command bundle rods for nuclear reactors drive mechanism bar is to be prepared from the 1Cr13 stainless steel nuclear power with the 1Cr13 thick-wall tube; This stainless steel is compared with common 1Cr13 stainless steel; Its chemical composition is except requiring to carry out the strictness restriction to the existing C of common 1Cr13, Si, Mn, Cr, S, P; Also increased composition range requirement to Ni, B, Co, N, O; Require constituent contents low as far as possible (every kind of content≤0.005%) such as Pb, Sn, Sb, Bi, As, Al, Ce, La, Mo simultaneously, measured data (its chemical composition will be asked for an interview to table 1) is provided.Through chemical composition being carried out strictness control, the ferrite content in the tubing that could guarantee to be processed into is less than 10%, and in the time of intensity, hardness raising, impact flexibility does not reduce.
Table 1 nuclear power requires (%) with the 1Cr13 stainless steel chemical component
| Element | C | Mn | P | S | Ni | O | Si |
| Content (%) | 0.10～ 0.15 | 0.50～0.75 | ≤0.015 | ≤0.010 | 0.40～0.50 | ＜0.005 | 0.25～0.50 |
| The finished product deviation | +0.02 | +0.05 | +0.005 | +0.005 | ±0.05 | - | +0.05 |
| Element | Cr | B | Co | N | Cu | Fe | |
| Content (%) | 12～13 | ≤0.0020 | ≤0.05 | ＜0.015 | ＜0.20 | Surplus | |
| The finished product deviation | ±0.15 | - | - | - | - |
Therefore, this nuclear power need adopt the method for induction furnace smelting+electroslag remelting to smelt with the 1Cr13 stainless steel and obtain, wherein:
The induction furnace smelting process:
Melting stage: adopt the induction smelting furnace to smelt, furnace charge is 85.25～86.85% shove charge capacity, the pure iron of purity >=98%, the electrolytic nickel of the Metal Cr of 12～13% shove charge capacity and 0.4～0.50% shove charge capacity; Use 1/4～1/2 of full power to send electrical heating 30～60 minutes, after the incipient melting molten steel occurring, furnace charge is complete when red, uses 2/3～1 fusing of full power clear until whole furnace charges fusings;
Refining period: be warming up to 1550 ℃ ± 10 ℃, be incubated 15 ± 5 minutes;
The alloying phase: after finishing refining period, having a power failure makes molten steel temperature reduce to surperficial conjunctiva; Send electricity with the conjunctiva fusing then, again according to the metal M n of charging sequence with 0.50～0.75% shove charge capacity, the metal Si of 0.25～0.5% shove charge capacity adds in the molten steel; Should try one's best in the alloying process adds each element lentamente, prevents to splash, and guarantees that alloying component is accurate.
Electroslag remelting process:
Prepare before smelting:
Electrode: adopt cast electrode bar or forging to form the electroslag remelting electrode bar, electrode size is 3 * 100mm steel ingots, and the water-cooled copper crystallizer: the crystallizer diameter is 500mm;
Slag system: ternary slag CaF
2: Al
2O
3: MgO
2=30%: 65%: 5%, use preceding 600 ℃ of bakings 4 hours;
Base plate: copper coin or iron plate; Heelpiece: 1Cr13 sheet; Striking agent: solid conduction striking, striking agent composition: CaF
2: TiO
2=50%: 50%;
The electroslag remelting process parameter:
Quantity of slag A:A=1/4 π D
2H γ, D are the crystallizer diameter, and depth of slag bath h is 1/3～1/2 of a crystallizer diameter, and the density of slag is at 2400～2500Kg/m
3
Operating current I:I=SJ, S are the area of section of consutrode, the mm of unit
2, J is a current density, the A/mm of unit
2, J=56/d
Electrode-0.05, d
ElectrodeBe electrode diameter, the cm of unit;
Smelt voltage U: U=0.5d
Electrode+ B, B are 27～37V.
After forging, adopt the method for the invention to make 1Cr13 stainless steel bar base the 1Cr13 steel that adopts above-mentioned technology to smelt gained.
The pipe of Austenitic stainless steel pipe material carries out hot piercing after making the tissue that normally adopts certain heating cycle to obtain complete austenitizing.Nuclear power station command bundle rods for nuclear reactors drive mechanism bar is made with the pipe of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube and then is difficult to take same technology; Even main difficulty is that thereby still remaining a certain amount of ferritic structure causes the hot piercing resistance of deformation bigger after the heating of 1Cr13 steel; Inner surface quality after the perforation is bad; And easy to crack, thereby cause pipe to be scrapped.One of production domesticization research reason of not succeeding is exactly that hot tearing causes the tube billet yield rate extremely low in history.The external general hot extrusion technique that adopts is made 1Cr13 heavy wall pipe.But because the heat extruder of domestic rarer suitable extrusion tube blank specially, and this technology cost is higher, and therefore need simple relatively, the relatively low hot piercing process of expense of research technology.
It is that
wall thickness and diameter ratio are up to 0.265 that command bundle rods for nuclear reactors drive mechanism bar uses 1Cr13 tubing nominal size; Belong to hyper-thick pipe tubing, structural stress and thermal stress cause cracking in heating and hot piercing.Therefore, the hot piercing process of 1Cr13 thick-wall tube has following requirement:
Improve the low-temperature heat temperature, increase high-temperature holding time, burn and homogeneous heating to guarantee that bar passes through; Select suitable top and lubricant for use, do not produce scuffing and do not have the degree of depth to surpass the spiral lamination partly of wall thickness tolerance with the inner surface that guarantees hot piercing tubing; Control the cooling velocity of hot poling, discontinuous to prevent inconsistent cracking that causes of air hardenable and the phase transformation of surfaces externally and internally place and microcosmic.
The inventor is through research for many years, and hot piercing process according to the invention is finally found out in a large amount of experiments, it is characterized in that:
(1) excellent base processing: through the 1Cr13 stainless steel ingot casting that induction smelting+electroslag remelting obtains, (Forging Technology is: room temperature is gone into stove, heats up with stove, slowly is heated to 1150 ℃, is incubated 2～3 hours through forging; Initial forging temperature: 1150 ℃; 850 ℃ of final forging temperatures, the ratio of bar sectional area is that forging ratio is greater than 3 before and after forging) after obtain
bar.After abrasive cutoff saw is pressed 1800mm scale cutting, adopt flaying machine or lathe to strip off the skin, the excellent base outside dimension after stripping off the skin is 105mm, nonstraightness is less than 1.0mm/m, surface roughness≤Ra6.4;
(2) firing equipment: coal gas roller hearth furnace;
(3) heating process is:
Gained rod base cold charge is gone into stove,, be heated to 1100～1180 ℃ with speed then, be incubated 15～30 minutes greater than 2 ℃/minute 650～850 ℃ of following soaking of low-temperature zone temperature 90～120 minutes.Bar need often stir when heating and insulation, to guarantee homogeneous heating.Optimised process is: gained rod base cold charge is gone into stove, 850 ℃ of insulations 120 minutes, be heated to 1150 ℃ with 3 ℃ of/minute speed then, be incubated 20 minutes.
(4) hot piercing equipment: the 76 reinforced or seamless punches of 90 types;
(5) perforating head: molybdenum-base alloy top; Lubricant: glass dust.
(6) cooling: the cooling of perforation back, control its cooling velocity and be cooled to room temperature less than 100 ℃/hour.
Cooling means: preferably adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket of thickness 30mm to coat cooling.
The 1Cr13 pipe that hot piercing is accomplished will carry out surface quality and dimension control:
(1) dimensional gaughing
Hollow forging tolerance dimension after the hot piercing should be controlled at: 110 ± 0.5mm * 20 ± 0.3mm.The size detection instrument must be to be up to the standards and to be in the instrument in the operating period: slide measure check pipe external diameter, ruler check pipe length, wall thickness micrometer gauge check pipe wall thickness.
Outside diameter measuring: measure 3 points along three circumferential sections of pipe length direction, each circumferential section.
Wall thickness measuring: the tubing two ends are respectively along circumferential section orientation measurement 3 points.
Linear measure longimetry: along the pipe length orientation measurement.
(2) surface quality inspection
1Cr13 pipe surface after the hot piercing does not allow crackle that naked eyes can see, scabs, scuffing, laps, folding and be mingled with, and allows to count half indivedual tiny cut, impression, the pit that are no more than tolerance from actual size and exist.
Adopt the pipe of above-mentioned prepared, surface quality is good, and is not easy to crack, and production efficiency is high, and cost is low, is fit to produce in enormous quantities (tens tons and up to a hundred tons output).This pipe can be used for processing 1 Cr (Chromium) 13 thick wall tubular products of control rod of nuclear reactor control bar drive mechanism, and its preparation method is following:
---the cold working of tubing:
Above-mentioned gained pipe is carried out cold work, technological parameter: control passage cumulative deformation is 25～40%, and the cold pilger mill feed is 2～5mm/ time, and the head number of oscillations is 30～60 times/minute.
If the accumulative total pass deformation surpasses 40%, the maximum feed of cold pilger mill surpasses 5mm/ time, and head full swing number of times surpasses 60 times/minute, then is prone to cause rolling tubing termination, back cracking.
---the heat treatment of tubing:
Above-mentioned gained tubing is carried out hot-working to be handled; Heat processing technique is: place tubular type protective atmosphere heat-treatment furnace to heat-treat with 1Cr13 thick-wall tube finished product on nuclear power station command bundle rods for nuclear reactors drive mechanism bar; Technological parameter is: be incubated 1～2 hour down at 1000～1050 ℃; Air cooling is cooled to room temperature, control cooling velocity＜500 ℃/h; 650～700 ℃ of down insulations 3～5 hours, air cooling is cooled to room temperature, control cooling velocity＜500 ℃/h.
Adopt the above-mentioned preparation method of the present invention; Can prepare high strength, high tenacity and meet the 1Cr13 thick-wall tube of command bundle rods for nuclear reactors driving mechanisms control bar with mechanical property requirements fully, its finished product pipe performance has has all met or exceeded the performance data of import tubing in kind.This preparation method's technology is simple, and production efficiency is high, and cost is low, and can thoroughly break away from long-term, all predicaments of dependence on import of this tubing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 pipe cross cut end (of a beam) quality figure;
Fig. 2 pipe cross cut end (of a beam) quality figure;
Fig. 3 pipe surface quality figure;
Fig. 4 pipe surface quality figure;
Fig. 5 pipe surface quality figure;
Fig. 6 pipe cross cut end (of a beam) quality figure;
Fig. 7 pipe cross cut end (of a beam) quality figure;
Fig. 8 pipe fracture.
The specific embodiment
the 1Cr13 stainless steel bar base that will after forging, obtain; After abrasive cutoff saw is pressed the cutting of 1800mm scale; Adopt flaying machine to strip off the skin; Excellent base outside dimension after stripping off the skin is 105mm, and nonstraightness is less than 1.0mm/m, surface roughness≤Ra6.4;
Piercing process: adopt the seamless punch of 90 types to carry out hot piercing, perforating head is the molybdenum-base alloy top, and lubricant is a glass dust.
Firing equipment: coal gas roller hearth furnace.
Embodiment 1
The hot piercing processing technology is: in the insulation 90 minutes down of 650 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, be heated to 1140 ℃ with 3 ℃/minute speed then, be incubated 30 minutes, bore a hole; Adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket coating of thickness 30mm to be cooled to room temperature at last, table 2 is seen in the control of gained size of pipe and tubing tolerance, and surface quality is seen Fig. 1.
Embodiment 2
The hot piercing processing technology is 800 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, is incubated 80 minutes, is heated to 1150 ℃ with 4 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 30 minutes, bores a hole; Adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket coating of thickness 30mm to be cooled to room temperature at last.Table 2 is seen in the control of gained size of pipe and tubing tolerance, and surface quality is seen Fig. 2.
Embodiment 3
The hot piercing processing technology is 780 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, is incubated 90 minutes, is heated to 1140 ℃ with 3 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 25 minutes, bores a hole; Adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket coating of thickness 30mm to be cooled to room temperature at last.Table 2 is seen in the control of gained size of pipe and tubing tolerance, and surface quality is seen Fig. 3.
Embodiment 4
The hot piercing processing technology is 810 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, is incubated 85 minutes, is heated to 1120 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 30 minutes, bores a hole; Adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket coating of thickness 30mm to be cooled to room temperature at last.Table 2 is seen in the control of gained size of pipe and tubing tolerance, and surface quality is seen Fig. 4.
Embodiment 5
The hot piercing processing technology is 850 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, is incubated 80 minutes, is heated to 1160 ℃ with 3 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 25 minutes, bores a hole; Adopt the alumina silicate asbestic blanket coating of thickness 30mm to be cooled to room temperature at last.Table 2 is seen in the control of gained size of pipe and tubing tolerance, and surface quality is seen Fig. 5.
The control of table 2 size of pipe and tubing tolerance
Comparative example 1
850 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, soaking 90 minutes is heated to 1080 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 15 minutes, because the high temperature section heating-up temperature is lower than the process stipulation temperature, termination cracking when causing poling, surface quality is seen Fig. 6.
Comparative example 2
850 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, soaking 60 minutes is heated to 1120～1140 ℃ with 4 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 5 minutes, because high temperature section is less than the process stipulation time heat time heating time, termination cracking when causing poling, surface quality is seen Fig. 7.
Comparative example 3
850 ℃ of low-temperature zone temperature, soaking 90 minutes is heated to 1140 ℃ with 5 ℃/minute speed then, is incubated 15 minutes, but owing to do not take the alumina silicate asbestic blanket to coat slow cooling during cooling, will cause the pipe fracture, and surface quality is seen Fig. 8.
Claims (4)
1. the preparation method of a 1Cr13 thick-wall tube pipe; Adopt nuclear power to prepare with the 1Cr13 stainless steel; Its chemical composition and percentage by weight thereof are C0.10～0.15%, Cr12～13%, Ni0.40～0.50%, Mn0.50～0.75%, P≤0.015%, S≤0.010%, O＜0.005%, Si0.25～0.50%, B≤0.0020%, Co≤0.05%, N＜0.015%, Cu＜0.20%, Fe surplus; It is characterized in that hot piercing process is:
Rod base processing:
115～120mm rod base that will after forging, obtain; After cutting; Strip off the skin; Excellent base outside dimension after stripping off the skin is 105mm, and nonstraightness is less than 1.0mm/m, surface roughness≤Ra6.4;
Heating process: gained rod base cold charge is gone into stove,, be heated to 1100～1180 ℃ with speed then, be incubated 15～30 minutes greater than 2 ℃/minute 650～850 ℃ of following soaking of low-temperature zone temperature 90～120 minutes;
Perforating head: molybdenum-base alloy top; Lubricant: glass dust;
Cooling: the cooling of perforation back, control its cooling velocity and be cooled to room temperature less than 100 ℃/hour.
2. according to the preparation method of the said 1Cr13 thick-wall tube of claim 1 pipe, it is characterized in that said cooling means coats pipe for the alumina silicate asbestic blanket that adopts thickness to be not less than 30mm.
3. according to the preparation method of the said 1Cr13 thick-wall tube of claim 1 pipe, it is characterized in that in the said hot piercing process, the hot piercing equipment of employing is the 76 reinforced or seamless punches of 90 types.
4. according to the preparation method of the said 1Cr13 thick-wall tube of claim 1 pipe, it is characterized in that the used firing equipment of said heating process is the coal gas roller hearth furnace.
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| CN102441629B (en) * | 2010-10-11 | 2014-11-05 | 上海腾辉锻造有限公司 | Forging heating method of sleeve for forging steam turbine |
| CN102011063A (en) * | 2010-10-19 | 2011-04-13 | 钢铁研究总院 | Ferrite-free heavy caliber thick-wall heat resistant steel pipe material |
| CN104087854A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-10-08 | 江苏金石铸锻有限公司 | Martensite stainless steel material |
| CN107008767A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2017-08-04 | 浙江久立特材科技股份有限公司 | A kind of Ni-based less-deformable alloy pipe joint hot-working method |
| CN107699811B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2019-07-19 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | A kind of silica dispersion-strengthened steel and preparation method thereof |
| CN111154953B (en) * | 2020-02-21 | 2021-10-12 | 沈阳工业大学 | Heat treatment method for improving comprehensive mechanical property of GCr15 steel |
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| JPS57137009A (en) * | 1981-02-17 | 1982-08-24 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Manufacture of seamless metallic pipe |
| WO2006046702A1 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-04 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Production method of seamless steel pipe |
| CN100368145C (en) * | 2004-12-24 | 2008-02-13 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Method for processing nickel based tubular product made from high temperature alloy |
| CN101623719B (en) * | 2009-08-10 | 2011-01-05 | 江苏银环精密钢管股份有限公司 | Method for manufacturing stainless steel heat transfer pipe of nuclear heat exchanger |
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