CN101817011A - Reactor and method for heat treatment of raw materials - Google Patents
Reactor and method for heat treatment of raw materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN101817011A CN101817011A CN200910008118A CN200910008118A CN101817011A CN 101817011 A CN101817011 A CN 101817011A CN 200910008118 A CN200910008118 A CN 200910008118A CN 200910008118 A CN200910008118 A CN 200910008118A CN 101817011 A CN101817011 A CN 101817011A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reactor performing heat treatment on raw materials (1) to acquire hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon-containing gas (19), and a process method. The reactor comprises a devices (4 and 34) for feeding raw materials, and devices (10, 15, 31, 32 and 40) for heating the raw materials to a certain temperature, a device (21) for cooling the raw materials after the gasification of organic components by utilizing water, and a device (18) for leading out a second gas from the reactor; in the whole packing, the temperature is lower than the fusion temperature of the raw materials, and the organic components in the raw materials are gasified to form a first gas; the raw materials are cooled to generate vapor which undergoes heat-absorbing water gas reaction to form the second gas, wherein the first gas comprises one or more hydrocarbons, and the second gas comprises hydrogen and/or hydrocarbons.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of reactor and method thereof of heat treatment of raw materials.
Background technology
The mode of multiple gasification process rubbish is disclosed in the prior art, as cleavage method, method for pyrolysis and corresponding reactor.For example, DE 10007115C2 discloses a kind of tubular reactor, has saved common recyclegas flow guide system on this reactor, can avoid the condensate of pyrolysis product like this and form unwelcome deposit.
DE 102004010407 discloses a kind of reactor that rubbish is heat-treated, and it moves being higher than under the atmospheric pressure.Because pressure improves, gasification can be carried out ground very thoroughly, rapidly and efficiently.
DE 102004016993 also discloses a kind of reactor that rubbish is heat-treated, and its oil and oil refining discarded object can be transported to reaction zone and handle by independent pipeline.
DE 2004020919 also discloses a kind of reactor that rubbish is heat-treated, wherein, oxygen is by in the nozzle injecting reactor container, can on a plurality of planes, be ejected in the reactor along Oxygen Flow like this, thereby in the heat treatment process of rubbish, in reactor, set up the zone that it interknits.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of improved reactor and improved raw material heat treatment method, and it is particularly suitable for the few situation of organic component content in the raw material.
The purpose of the invention described above can be realized by the technical scheme of putting down in writing in the independent right respectively; Then provided preferred implementation of the present invention in the dependent claims.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor can so be provided with: the raw material in the charging (Sch ü ttung) is heated to uniform temperature, makes the temperature in whole charging be lower than the melting temperature of raw material.Preferably, like this conditioned reaction device makes the highest softening temperature that is heated to raw material of raw material.More preferably, so raw material is heated, make the charging temperature inside will be higher than the temperature of charging periphery, like this, just reached softening temperature, and its periphery does not reach softening temperature in charging inside.By the gasification of organic principle in the raw material, form first gas, this first gas comprises the compound of one or more carbon containings.
Reactor of the present invention is provided with water-cooled means, and its organic principle at raw material all is used to cool off after the gasification.Water cooling can produce a certain amount of water vapour, the water gas reaction that the elementary gas that produces in water vapour and the gasification absorbs heat, thus produced hydrogen.Then, water vapour and solid carbon are carried out the water gas reaction of out-phase heat absorption, and solid carbon is not included in the organic materials that gasification is come out from raw material, but is present in the charging as coal ash.The second hydrogeneous gas that is produced will be derived from reactor.Second gas can further include the compound of carbon containing, as the compound (C of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrocarbon and/or other carbon containing
xH
y), and water vapour and nitrogen.
The special advantage of reactor of the present invention is only to import very little energy, just can make raw material be heated to required relatively low temperature; On the other hand, the heat energy that is produced behind the material gasification is loss not, but is used to produce water vapour in water-cooled process, so that carry out water gas reaction described above.
The invention enables to the raw material that only contains less organic principle carry out economy again environmental protection be treated as possibility, also promptly can carry out the economy processing of environmental protection again to the high raw material of mineral matter (being inorganic matter) content, the raw material that particularly surpasses 50% (mass percent) for content of mineral substances, or even content of mineral substances surpasses the raw material of 90% (mass percent); Preferably, the present invention can carry out the economy processing of environmental protection again to the raw material that content of mineral substances surpasses 60% (mass percent).Thereby the present invention especially makes to the possibility that is treated as of the raw material of organic component content below 40% (mass percent); For example, the carbon content in the raw material can 2-30% (mass percent) between.Especially, the present invention can handle raw material hydrocarbon-containiproducts, that combustion heat value is lower, as combustion heat value at 500kj/kg to the raw material between the 12000kj/kg.
The present invention is particularly suitable for gangue (coal gangue) is heat-treated, for example formed gangue when the exploitation colliery.Gangue also is that mineral composition is formed in essence, and for example it may comprise SiO
2, Al
2O
3, Fe
2O
3, CaO and MgO, the content of carbon can be lower than 10%, is approximately 5% sometimes.
The present invention also is particularly suitable for coal stone (or claiming hard coal, bituminous coal, coal stone) is heat-treated, and alleged herein coal stone is meant at the coal seam piece
Fringe region the coal exploiting out.
Carbon content is low for example to be lower than 10% gangue and coal stone, generally is not suitable in the burning of coal power generation factory and utilizes, and up to now, these gangues and coal stone are often being piled up.Utilize the present invention, gangue and coal stone with originally utilizing in the burning of coal power generation factory make its organic principle gasification, thus in addition economy, environmental protection and meaningful the utilization.The mineral composition that stays after gangue and the coal stone gasification can also be used as construction material, for example produces cement and glass.
Can be used for various uses by gasification and the hydrogen-containing gas that water gas reaction produced subsequently, as industrial use or steam power plant.Especially, the gas that is produced can also be transported in the reactor such as another reactor in downstream, particularly in the reactor of those can the heat treatment organic component content high raw materials, as described in DE 10007115C2, DE 102004020919, DE 102004016993 and DE 102004010407.These other reactors can move under higher temperature, so that handle house refuse and therefrom reclaim metal and mineral matter.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device of placing charging is a kind of cylindrical container, and itself and surrounding environment are airtight basically, are provided with airtight raw material conveying device in this container.Because it is to be undertaken by airtight basically conveying device that container adopts airtight basically structure and raw material to carry, and like this, at run duration, just can form the air pressure higher than atmospheric pressure in the container.This isolation of airtight basically container and surrounding environment, it has environment compatibility preferably on the one hand, because the gas in the reactor vessel does not have or seldom be leaked in the environment, on the other hand, because pressure improves, the efficient of reactor increases, because the heat treatment of raw material is more efficient and thorough under higher pressure.
Of the present invention a kind ofly be also advantageous in that especially: along with the increase of pressure in the reactor, half-finished time of staying of the concentration of gas and gaseous state also can increase.Particularly owing to air pressure increases, the hole of raw material is full of by the gas in the reactor, thereby correspondingly makes reaction itself violent more and thorough.
One preferred embodiment according to the present invention, and reactor is a tubular reactor, and its upper end seal, and joining in the container of raw material is not the upper end of opening tube by common, but by the gas check adding.This gas check is arranged on the upper end of tube, so that raw material is added in the tubular structure.
One preferred embodiment according to the present invention, above-mentioned gas check can be set to discontinuously, and (or discontinuously) adds raw material, for example this gas check can be a kind of lockage (Schleusensystem), outer ship lock gate is opened when adding raw material, and raw material enters in two cabins between the ship lock gate; Outer afterwards ship lock gate is shut, and interior ship lock gate is opened, and raw material adds in the tube, and interior ship lock gate and outer ship lock gate all are bubble-tight basically, and like this, the air pressure in the container can not occur because of the filling raw material changing.
According to the present invention another preferred embodiment, above-mentioned gas check can be set to add raw material continuously, for example this gas check can have the device of tamping (Stopfeinrichtung), particularly a kind of filler screw rod (Stopfsehnecke).
According to the present invention another preferred embodiment, above-mentioned gas check can be designed as push rod or the slide block that a kind hydraulic pressure or air pressure drive, with transferring raw material.At this moment, can pass through hydraulic piston or pneumaticpiston, raw material is delivered in the cylindrical container of reactor.
Another preferred embodiment can be provided with excess pressure valve in the upper end of the cylindrical container of reactor according to the present invention
Pressure-reducing valve
Or other safety device, so that when pressure surpasses secure threshold, the pressure in the reactor is released.
Another preferred embodiment can be provided with one or more baroceptors in the container of reactor or on the container according to the present invention.Preferably, in the cylindrical container zone of reactor a baroceptor is set at least at least.This baroceptor can be measured the interior air pressure of position container at its place.Corresponding barometric surveying value is sent to control device, so that air pressure is controlled in the working range of permission.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is so design, utilizes hot gas to impact the charging on its top.This hot gas comes from a burner noz(zle), this burner noz(zle) at least the startup stage drive by carrier gas, and keep constant combustion power.Burner noz(zle) is by over-stoichiometric ratio
Operation, that is to say and contain excess of oxygen in the hot gas, promptly said elementary gas.The hot gas of the burned nozzle ejection in raw material surface of charging upper area heats, thereby makes the surface of raw material take fire.The heating on raw material surface also makes the raw material temperature inside rise, and like this, the inner organic principle that exists of raw material for example coal is gasified and is discharged from.First gas that coal gasification produced partly burns in reactor, and whole raw material charging all is heated.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is provided with sealing air (Sperrluft) and is the device of container air feed, and is positioned at the ingress area of raw material.Sealing air is exactly so-called secondary gas.By with the raw material ingress area air feed of sealing air, can stop gas to flow out from the top of reactor to container.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is provided with oxygen is imported the interior device of charging.Especially, by the device of this importing oxygen, can be that so-called three grades of gases import in the charging with oxygen containing gas or air.Can be by the adjusting device of reactor, also promptly three grades of gases are to the importing of feeding to regulate oxygen, and the material temperature of feasible charging is no more than temperature desired.
By the importing of three grades of gases, also can control the operation of reactor.Import three grades of many more gases, the ratio of organic principle gasification is big more in the raw material, and along with it is oxidized in reactor, it is high more that the temperature of charging also just rises.Preferably, the importing of oxygen is so to regulate, and the partial combustion owing to gas that material gasification produces makes the enough height of temperature on the one hand, thereby makes gasification as much as possible completely; On the other hand.The gas that material gasification produced is burned as few as possible.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, untreated gas (Rohgas) is drawn from reactor.Measure the actual temperature of this untreated gas with temperature sensor, this actual temperature compares with corresponding preset temperature by adjusting device control appliance just, and according to the temperature difference of actual temperature and preset temperature, controls the importing of three grades of gases.By suitably selecting the preset temperature of untreated gas, just can guarantee that the raw material of feeding is heated to and neither can reach the temperature that makes its fusion, can reach again simultaneously and make its softening temperature.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device that imports oxygen is so design, and it can make oxygen flow into the inside of charging.For example, oxygen can import with the form of air, and perhaps the form with oxygen-enriched air imports.The device that imports oxygen can comprise a pipeline, and it stretches into or insert the inside of charging, and oxygen can import to the inside of charging by this pipeline.There is such benefit the inside that oxygen is delivered directly to charging: thermograde can be set at its edge of mind-set from charging.The raw material of the comparable charging periphery of raw material that charging is inner reaches higher temperature, particularly can reach its softening temperature; And, preferably, do not reach this softening temperature at the periphery of feeding at all.The advantage of doing like this is, can avoid raw material to stick together on the chamber wall of reactor.Preferably, any part in charging does not all reach softening temperature, to avoid forming the raw material caking in the inside of charging.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is provided with a collecting chamber and an outlet of discharging the untreated gas of this collecting chamber of collecting the untreated gas that is produced.Preferably, the device that imports oxygen is so design, and oxygen flows to this gas collection chamber at least in part.She Ji a advantage is like this, and the injection of oxygen helps discharging through exhaust outlet of untreated gas toward gas collection chamber; She Ji another advantage is like this, and the flow direction of oxygen crosses the raw material flow direction of charging, and the space of charging is opened, and gasification is fully flowed, and prevent to condense into pencil.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the device that imports oxygen has sliding surface, and this sliding surface favours the raw material flow direction of charging, and oxygen then flows into from this sliding surface.This sliding surface is provided with the outlet that distributes oxygen in its surface.For example, this sliding surface forms the angle of a wedge shape, and the raw material of charging flows and is divided into two parts.Separating of feed stream, make the gasification of raw material become easy.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is provided with the device that after gasification raw material is discharged from charging.Raw material tapping equipment after this gasification can have one or more grate structures, particularly drawer type grate.The drawer type grate can be released and be cooled off, thereby avoids forming on the drawer type grate bonding and bridge-like structure.Suitable grate structure can obtain from prior art, for example can be referring to DE 19906262A1.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor is provided with a kind of pool construction, so that cooling off raw material after the organic principle gasification.This pool construction can so be provided with, and makes can place charging therein.This pool construction also can be arranged on the next door of charging, wherein, raw material can be transported to pool construction from the stove district of reactor by tapping equipment.For example this tapping equipment can be push rod, pull plate, grate, intersection chamber or other mechanical ejector, and can be driven by hydraulic pressure and/or electric power.
Raw material cools off in the pond and can produce water vapour, and water vapour rises in the container of reactor, and the heat absorption water gas reaction with organic principle gasification and the gas generation homogeneous phase that partial combustion produced in the raw material generates hydrogen.In the homogeneous phase water gas reaction, the water of vaporization and reaction of carbon monoxide generate hydrogen and carbon dioxide.In addition, when the carbon that does not have gasification in water vapour and the raw material contacts, also the out-phase water gas reaction can take place.In the out-phase water gas reaction, carbon and water vapour are converted into hydrogen and carbon monoxide.
This when utilizing material gasification the mode of the heat energy that produces have many good qualities: on the one hand the heat energy that stores in the raw material being used for chemical reaction, is relatively cheap aspect energy balance on the whole; On the other hand, the value of the untreated gas that is produced has also raise, because wherein produced hydrogen.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, it also is provided with a discharge conveyor that is positioned on the pond, and it can take out the later raw material of cooling in the pond from the pond.Raw material after the taking-up can also be used for other purposes, such as construction material, produces cement or as other purposes.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, the tubular reactor is set to upwards attenuate, and She Ji advantage is like this, and the flexibility of feeding in the tubular reactor is improved.
According to an embodiment of the present invention, reactor of the present invention also can be connected with other reactor, and untreated gas (being unstripped gas) can flow to the other reactor from the gas collection chamber of the present invention's reactor like this.At this moment, reactor of the present invention can so be regulated, and the pressure that makes untreated gas makes untreated gas flow to this other reactor under the effect of pressure reduction greater than the pressure in series connection, the other reactor.
Above-mentioned other reactor also can be the reactor of heat treatment of raw materials equally.Wherein, in this other reactor, raw material can have the organic principle of high level, as house refuse.In this other reactor, can force heat, make that metal ingredient and the mineral composition in the raw material melts, so that it is reclaimed.Herein for necessary, at the heating of raw material in this other reactor, can completely or partially burn from the untreated gas of upstream reactor of the present invention.
On the other hand, the invention still further relates to a kind of heat treatment method of raw material, wherein, the organic principle in this raw material is lower than 40%, and particularly those are not higher than 10% raw material.Preferably, said herein raw material is a solid material, and the very high solid material of those mineral composition content especially is such as the very low igneous rock of carbon content, as so-called gangue.
By accompanying drawing, hereinafter describe the preferred embodiments of the present invention in detail, wherein:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 has shown the profilograph of first embodiment of reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 2 has shown the profilograph of second embodiment of reactor of the present invention;
Fig. 3 has shown the profilograph of the 3rd embodiment of reactor of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
At in the description of the drawings, corresponding element uses identical Reference numeral below.
Fig. 1 has shown an embodiment of reactor of the present invention, wherein, reactor is designed to a kind of tubular reactor, be provided with the device 4 that transports raw material 1 on the top of tubular reactor, raw material 1 refers to solid material, particularly has the raw material of higher content of mineral substances (greater than 50%), low organic component content (being lower than 40%).Especially, such raw material 1 can be meant gangue.
In this embodiment, device 4 is arranged on one side of the tubular structure of tubular reactor.Device 4 can be designed as and can be interrupted or add incessantly raw material 1.For example, device 4 can be the fire door gate of the adding raw material in the tubular reactor; Device 4 also can be designed as and tamps device or filler screw rod.
The upstream of device 4 can also be provided with the device 2 of a preparation and the storage of raw materials.Under corresponding occasion, raw material 1 can directly add by device 4 at the device 2 that does not have the upstream.Device 4 has a zone 3, and it can inject secondary gas, i.e. sealing air.Sealing air injects in the tubular reactors by device 4, leaks into external environment condition with the gas that prevents the tubular reactor through installing 4 zone.
Form charging 26 by installing 4 raw materials 1 that join the tubular reactor in the tubular reactor, in the heat treatment process of raw material, charging must heating.Therefore, the end at the tubular reactor is provided with one or more burner noz(zle)s 10.By burner noz(zle) 10, with the hot gas heating, hot gas contains oxygen, just elementary gas in the tubular reactor in raw material 1 formed charging.Herein, burner noz(zle) 10 is by the over-stoichiometric ratio burning, and the hot gas that makes burner noz(zle) 10 be produced contains excess of oxygen.Burner noz(zle) 10 also can burn with oxygen or oxygen rich gas.At the ignition phase of tubular reactor, carrier gas is burnt at burner noz(zle) 10 places.After the igniting, can replace carrier gas, drive the burning of burner noz(zle) 10 by a spot of untreated gas that is produced by the tubular reactor.
By the hot gas that burner noz(zle) 10 is produced, with the raw material 1 surface heating of charging upper area, particularly Zhuan Liao centrum partly is heated, and makes the surface of raw material 1 take fire.The heating on raw material 1 surface also makes the inside of raw material 1 constantly be heated, thereby makes the organic principle gasification of raw material 1 inside, and spills in the reactor in the raw material 1 or in the space of charging.
At burner noz(zle) 10 places, an independently combustion chamber 9 can be set.If the burning gases that have enough spaces can allow burner noz(zle) 10 produce in the tubular reactor burnout, this independently can not do consideration in the combustion chamber.Therefore, the top of charging 26 is provided with the chamber 11 of tubular reactor, and chamber 11 is set directly in the zone of action of burner noz(zle) 10.In chamber 11, can be from the gas that material gasification produced partly in this burning.
The tubular reactor is provided with a control device 40, is used to control the adding of raw material 1 by device 4, so that raw material 1 reaches predetermined height h0 as far as possible in the charging of tubular reactor.Wherein, predetermined altitude h0 so selects, and makes chamber 11 above charging.
Charging has a upper area 12, and this zone is greatly about the center of tubular reactor.Product after upper area 12 exists the degassing and burning, promptly the residual inert material of raw material 1 and the combustion product of burner noz(zle) 10 mainly are for example nitrogen of water vapour, carbon dioxide and inert fraction.
The tubular reactor also has a reactor cover 13, and it has the stone lining, and is positioned at regional 12 places, and reactor cover 13 can 12 coolings in the zone.
Below zone 12, charging also has a zone 14, and the top in zone 14 is provided with device 15, and it is used for delivering oxygen, just said three grades of gases.Device 15 is provided with one or more hybrid nozzles, is used for three grades of gases to zone 14 dischargings.Three grades of gases are oxygen enrichments, can carry with water vapour.Can regulate by control device 40 by the conveying of installing 15 three grades of gases carrying.
Below zone 14, charging also has a zone 16.In zone 16, raw material 1 is by fully or near destructive distillation completely (degassing), do not contain or contain any carbohydrate hardly, but the solid carbon of minute quantity also is present in the raw material.
Directly be connected with a gas collection chamber 18 in zone 16, what gas collection chamber 18 collected is 16 untreated gas 19 that produce from the zone.As shown in Figure 1, untreated gas is upwards discharged by one or more gas outlets from gas collection chamber 18.
Below zone 16, charging also has a zone 17, and zone 17 is positioned at discharging place in tubular reactor furnace district.There is a partition (dividing plate) 20 in the stove district of tubular reactor, and partition has the stone lining; Especially, it can be lowered the temperature directly or indirectly.
The tubular reactor also has a pond 21.In the embodiment of Fig. 1, pond 21 can so be designed, and charging directly is placed in the pond.Like this, the raw material that is arranged in the charging zone in pond 21 can directly be lowered the temperature, and water vapour upwards rises to the zone 17 of charging.
Preferably, pond 21 is so designed, and the effect that it can play water seal makes that the tubular reactor is airtight downwards.At this moment, pond 21 can be designed like this, and the water surface in pond reaches the zone of charging, and has height h1; Beyond charging, has height h2; Be provided with a discharging feeding device 22 at pipe section, it highly is h3.That the chances are is identical for height h1 and height h2, and height h3 does not have gas to overflow from the tubular reactor downwards less than height h1 and h2 highly like this.When the pressure in the tubular reactor surpassed atmospheric pressure, height h2 will be higher than h1.
By discharging feeding device 22, product 23 is the raw material 1 after the destructive distillation, moves apart the charging zone of tubular reactor from the pond.Product 23 can be dried or dewater in the case of necessary, to be used as other purposes.
By the raw material after the cooling destructive distillation, also be the product 23 in the pond 21, can reclaim heat energy through heat transmission and evaporation.The water vapour that rises in the charging can with the solid carbon generation out-phase water gas reaction that still exists in the raw material, and/or with carbon dioxide generation homogeneous phase water gas reaction, generate hydrogen.Carbon dioxide is present in formed carbonaceous gas of gasification and/or the untreated gas 19.Undressed gas 19 can further mix with water vapour in this or the sort of mode, owing in the downstream, for example be used for the reactor in downstream.
The tubular reactor upwards seals in Fig. 3, but the bell position 5 of tubular reactor is provided with a pressure-reducing valve, and the back of pressure-reducing valve is connected with pipeline 6 and leads to a non-combustion chamber.Pressure at the tubular reactor surpasses the scope that allows, and pressure-reducing valve will be opened, and will be discharged from the gas that the tubular reactor enters non-combustion chamber by pipeline 6.
Also be provided with a space 7 at reactor cap 5, form charging through space 7 by installing 4 raw materials of carrying 1.On the outer cover 8 of reactor cap 5 pressure sensor 42 is housed, to measure the pressure in the tubular reactor.Pressure sensor 42 offers control device 40 with force value.In case force value surpasses critical value, control device 40 can be controlled opening of pressure-reducing valve.
Also be provided with a filler sensor 41 at the top of reactor, this is a range radar, and filler sensor 41 sends to control device 40 to data equally, so that adjusting device 4 makes charging reach the height of h0.
Process below in the running of tubular reactor, also taking place.
By installing 4, the charging of raw material 1 reaches the height h0 of setting, and burner noz(zle) heats the zone 11 and 12 of charging with air and oxygen, by the heating on the surface of raw material 1 in the zone 12, the raw material temperature inside also constantly raises, and the organic principle in the raw material begins gasification like this.
The part gas that gasification is come out from raw material mixes with elementary gas that nozzle 10 is carried and burned, and the so further raw material in the raw material 1, particularly zone 14 in the heating packed tower is because raw material heating there can gasify in same generation.By installing 15 three grades of gases carrying, under the adjusting of control device 40, begin to be delivered to reactor, the temperature of reactor can improve once more like this.
Fig. 2 is another embodiment of tubular reactor of the present invention.Compared to Figure 1, the device 4 among Fig. 2 is to be used for transferring raw material discontinuously, and burner noz(zle) 10 is that oblique following filler cone direction in charging is provided with, and combustion chamber 9 can be omitted like this.
Compared to Figure 1 the difference that also exists is, charging is not in pond 21, but pond side setting below charging, tapping equipment 24 is arranged on a side of charging.This tapping equipment can be push rod, pull plate, grate, intersection chamber or other mechanical ejector, and can be driven by hydraulic pressure and/or electric power.By tapping equipment 24, product 23 is discharged from the below of charging, and product 23 falls into the pond like this.In pond 21, also can form the charging 26 of product 23.Product 23 can be through chamber 25, drops down onto in the charging 26 from the charging bottom (also being the stove district of reactor) of raw material 1.
The cooling of product 23 in the pond can produce water vapour.Rise to the stove district of reactor to small part water vapour 29, the water gas reaction of homogeneous phase and out-phase takes place.By being arranged on the by-pass valve control 27 of 21 tops, pond, the part water vapour 28 that the cooling of product 23 produces is down derived.Part water vapour 29 corresponding minimizings like this, part water vapour 28 can be delivered to tubular reactor oneself.For example, part 28 can or be installed 15 by burner noz(zle) 10 and is transported to once more in the tubular reactor, and part 28 can also be as other purposes.
Fig. 3 is the another embodiment of tubular reactor of the present invention.The same with Fig. 2, device 4 also is airtight on Fig. 3, also is for transferring raw material in bulk.Device 4 has installed a furnace charge lid 34 additional.In order to control the conveying of raw material, control the conveying of raw material by continuous lifting.This also is widely used on the blast furnace.Furnace charge lid 34 is provided with device 35, and this device is to be arranged in order to carry sealing air on the sealed compartment of furnace charge lid 34.This sealing gas stops leaking of furnace gas, guides a part of gas to enter the tubular reactor as secondary air simultaneously.
The filling of raw material is so control in the tubular reactor: undertaken mechanically and/or induction optically by filler sensor 41, to confirm whether to have reached the height of h0.
In the concrete mode of the shown tubular reactor of Fig. 3, three grades of gases will be transfused to the inside of charging, and this finishes in zone 16 by pipeline 31.In pipeline 31, be provided with sliding surface 43 and 44, the flow direction 45 of raw material in the oblique tubular reactor of sliding surface.
Sliding surface 43 and 44 forms a wedge angle, and feed stream is divided into 2 zones like this, just as Fig. 3 represented.Sliding surface 43 and 44 forms the state of a wedge shape, and such three grades of gases can blow to the inside of charging.
The bossing 32 that sliding surface 43 and sliding surface 44 forms, this projection is at the outlet of the three grades of gases flow direction 45 perpendicular to raw material, and perhaps the flow direction with raw material is opposite.By projection 32, from zone 14, separately becoming of charging is more prone to.In the end of projection 32 are mill ribs 33, are the shapes of making a chamfered edge.Mill rib 33 and projection 32 are arranged on together.Mill rib 33 can be changed very easily.
Preferably, the angle that forms between the sliding surface 43 and 44 makes at least a portion from the gas that sliding surface 43 and 44 blows out, and enters into gas collection chamber 18.Like this, untreated gas 19 has become easily when collecting chamber 18 flows from the tubular reactor.
Oxygen is blown into the inside of charging, and is crosscut with raw material flow direction 45, further advantages are arranged, open in Zhuan Liao space like this, helps more being gasified totally.The bonding of the sort of like this pencil can not take place yet, another advantage is: by three grades of gases being transported to the inside of charging, form higher oxygen concentration in inside, most gas that produces in gasification in there and untreated gas are burnt fully like this.This feasible inside from charging forms the gradient of a temperature to the edge.The input of the 3rd gas is to regulate like this, in order just to allow the charging temperature inside reach softening temperature, rather than the edge.Can avoid raw material to stick together on the reactor wall like this.
Be provided with removable grate in the lower left of regional 17 pipelines 31, grate keeps the product 23 can be from being charged to pond 21, the formation of the bridge-type structure that grate is also avoided, and grate can be removed and cool off, by the guiding of grate, product 23 can pass through reactor smoothly.
The tubular reactor can have circular cross section.Zone at extraction-type grate place, the cross section is rectangular.The also special advantage of projection 32 is better shunted when it can allow raw material from circular cross section to the transition of rectangle section.
Preferably, in this embodiment, control device 40 is so to be provided with, and when the conveying of secondary gas by bell 34 time, cuts off the conveying of secondary gas.Like this, can avoid when the bell jar of bell lower end is opened, uncontrolled secondary gas enters the inside of tubular reactor.
Claims (32)
- One kind to raw material (1) heat-treat, with the reactor of the gas (19) that obtains to contain hydrogen and/or hydrocarbon, this reactor comprises:The device (4 of-adding raw material; 34) raw material that, is added forms the filler in the reactor;-raw material is heated to the device (10,15 of a certain temperature; 31,32,40), in whole filler inside, this temperature is lower than the melt temperature of raw material, and makes the organic principle gasification in the raw material, forms first gas;-after the organic principle gasification, utilize water to cool off the device (21) of raw material, the raw material cooling produces water vapour, and the water gas reaction of heat absorption takes place in water vapour, forms second gas;-the device (18) of derivation second gas from reactor;Wherein, described first gas contains one or more hydrocarbons, described second gas containing hydrogen gas and/or hydrocarbon.
- 2. reactor as claimed in claim 1, wherein, that described reactor has is airtight, with surrounding environment cylindrical container airtight, that be used to place filler, and further have device airtight, that in described container, add raw material.
- 3. reactor as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein, the device of described heating raw has a burner (10) at least, and this burner design is for to move under the state of over-stoichiometric ratio.
- 4. as the described reactor of one of claim 1-3, the device (35) of sealing air is injected in its adding zone that further is included in raw material to described container.
- 5. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, it further comprises the device (15 that imports oxygen; 31,32,43,44) and the control device (40) that imports of control oxygen, make raw material can not reach its melt temperature.
- 6. reactor as claimed in claim 5, wherein, described control device is so design, makes that raw material is the highest can reach its softening temperature.
- 7. as claim 5 or 6 described reactors, wherein, described control device is so design, makes the pressure that forms in described reactor be higher than atmospheric pressure.
- 8. as claim 5,6 or 7 described reactors, wherein, described control device is so design, makes the pressure that forms in described reactor be higher than the pressure of downstream reactor, thereby makes this downstream reactor of gas flow that contains hydrogen.
- 9. as the described reactor of one of claim 5-8, wherein, the device of described importing oxygen is so design, makes the central authorities of flow of oxygen to raw material.
- 10. reactor as claimed in claim 9, it further comprises gas collection chamber, contains the gas of hydrogen with collection; And further comprise from the outlet of described gas collection chamber derivation gas; Wherein, the device of described importing oxygen is so design, and oxygen is to flow into along described gas collection chamber at least in part.
- 11. as the described reactor of one of claim 5-10, wherein, the device of described importing oxygen has a sliding surface (43,44) at least, and this sliding surface is oblique with respect to the flow direction (45) of raw material, wherein, the oxygen to small part is from this sliding surface outflow and inflow raw material.
- 12. reactor as claimed in claim 11, wherein, the device of described importing oxygen has two sliding surfaces at least, and it is arranged on the middle section of reactor.
- 13. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, it further has the device (30) of discharging raw material after gasification and/or the device of control or conditioned reaction device production capacity.
- 14. reactor as claimed in claim 13, wherein, the device of described discharging raw material has a drawer type grate structure, and it is set to favour the flow direction (45) of raw material.
- 15. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, wherein, described cooling device comprises a pool construction (21).
- 16. reactor as claimed in claim 15, wherein, described pond is so design, makes raw material to be positioned at and wherein forms packed tower.
- 17. as claim 15 or 16 described reactors, it further comprises a discharging feeding device (22), to transport cooled raw material from described pond.
- 18. as claim 15,16 or 17 described reactors, wherein, described pond is designed to make reactor airtight.
- 19. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, wherein, described water gas reaction is that homogeneous phase and/or out-phase are carried out at inside reactor.
- 20. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, it further has the container that holds described raw material, and this container is tubular and upwards attenuates.
- 21. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, wherein, described reactor further links to each other with other reactor of other raw material of heat treatment, wherein, the gas (19) that contains hydrogen from described reactor stream to described other reactor.
- 22. the described reactor of one of claim as described above, wherein, the device of described heating raw (10,15; 31, be so to design 32,40), make the interior temperature of whole raw material be lower than the softening temperature of raw material.
- 23. one kind to raw material (1) heat-treat, with the method for the gas (19) that obtains to contain hydrogen, it may further comprise the steps:-add raw material, form the filler that constitutes by raw material;-raw material is heated to a certain temperature, in whole filler inside, this temperature is lower than the melt temperature of raw material, and makes the organic principle gasification in the raw material, forms first gas;-after the organic principle gasification, utilize water to cool off raw material, the raw material cooling produces water vapour, and the water gas reaction of heat absorption takes place in water vapour, forms second gas;Wherein, described first gas contains one or more hydrocarbons, described second gas containing hydrogen gas.
- 24. method as claimed in claim 23, wherein, described water gas reaction is the homogeneous reaction that gas took place of water vapour and carbon containing.
- 25. as claim 23 or 24 described methods, wherein, described water gas reaction is the not out-phase that carbon took place of gasification reaction in water vapour and the raw material.
- 26. as claim 23,24 or 25 described methods, wherein, described raw material is gangue, the mixture that contains gangue, coal stone or the mixture that contains coal stone.
- 27. as the described method of one of claim 23-26, wherein, described filler forms in pond (21).
- 28. as the described method of one of claim 23-27, wherein, described raw material emits from described filler after gasification, in the pond of going forward side by side (21).
- 29., wherein,, make the temperature height of filler temperature inside than filler periphery at the inner oxygen that imports of described filler as the described method of one of claim 23-28.
- 30. method as claimed in claim 29, wherein, the oxygen of at least a portion is to import described filler inside along the direction of gas collection chamber (18).
- 31. as the described method of one of claim 23-30, wherein, this method is that the pressure at the gas of hydrogen is higher than under the atmospheric situation and moves.
- 32., wherein, measure the temperature of the gas of hydrogen, and adopt this temperature to control the importing of oxygen as the described method of one of claim 23-31.
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| CN200910008118A CN101817011A (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2009-02-27 | Reactor and method for heat treatment of raw materials |
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| CN200910008118A CN101817011A (en) | 2009-02-27 | 2009-02-27 | Reactor and method for heat treatment of raw materials |
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| WO2014166397A1 (en) * | 2013-04-10 | 2014-10-16 | 山西鑫立能源科技有限公司 | Steam generating device for water-gas reaction for coal gangue pyrolyzing gasification |
| CN104865996A (en) * | 2015-05-06 | 2015-08-26 | 新奥科技发展有限公司 | Supercritical water reaction temperature control method, device and supercritical water reactor system |
| CN107006112A (en) * | 2014-12-11 | 2017-08-01 | 绿色科学有限公司 | Possesses the plasma flare for being formed with the waveguide pipe that vortical flow disintegrates gas supply department |
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