CN101813774B - Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar - Google Patents
Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101813774B CN101813774B CN201010151216XA CN201010151216A CN101813774B CN 101813774 B CN101813774 B CN 101813774B CN 201010151216X A CN201010151216X A CN 201010151216XA CN 201010151216 A CN201010151216 A CN 201010151216A CN 101813774 B CN101813774 B CN 101813774B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- root
- plant
- diameter
- measured
- underground
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 52
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- KIUYPHAMDKDICO-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ala-Asp-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O KIUYPHAMDKDICO-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010219 correlation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013507 mapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004158 soil respiration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010200 validation analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for measuring the diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar. The method comprises the following steps of: obtaining the specific position of the plant underground roots to be measured through the scanning of the ground penetrating radar, and generating corresponding reflected waveform scanning data; selecting an oscillogram of a reflected wave passing over the central position of the plant underground roots to be measured; and extracting a time parameter deltaT from the oscillogram so as to obtain the diameter of the plant underground roots to be measured, wherein the time parameter deltaT refers to a time period from a first arrival time of the reflected wave when an electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar arrives on the top surface of the roots to a delayed point of the reflected wave when the electromagnetic wave arrives the bottom surface of the roots. The method has the advantages that: the diameter of the plant underground roots can be accurately and quantitatively measured through the ground penetrating radar; and the obtained measuring result has high relevance to the actual diameter of the plant underground roots.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for measuring the diameter of plant underground roots, in particular to a method for measuring the diameter of plant underground roots by using a ground penetrating radar.
Background
The root system plays an important role in the plant ecosystem, and can help the plant to obtain basic soil resources (such as water) during the growth and development processAnd nutrients) and are also important organs for supporting and fixing the plant body. In addition, the contribution of the root system to carbon circulation in the ecosystem is indispensable, the carbon circulation occupies about 20% -40% of the total carbon content of the forest, and the root system is also the main driving force for soil respiration in the rhizosphere environment. Recently, studies on the role of the plant root system in global climate change have shown that the Biomass of the crude roots (Biomass, the total amount of organic matter (dry weight) that live in a unit area at a time, usually in kg/m2Expressed) will follow CO2The increase in concentration also demonstrates that the coarse roots can absorb and store the excess CO in the rhizosphere environment for a long period of time2. With the understanding of the important role of plant root system in ecosystem and global climate change, in order to better understand the root system function, the geochemical cycle process of the earth and the various problems of global change, the understanding of the parameters related to the root system, such as root system size, biomass, distribution range, structure and three-dimensional structure, is urgently needed. However, in the root system research process, the observation and sampling of the plant roots are difficult, so that the quantitative estimation of the root system parameters has the defects and limitations in the method. Therefore, it is important to find new methods and techniques for accurately estimating root system parameters in ecological research.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), also known as geological Radar, is a geophysical technique used to detect the distribution characteristics of underground targets. The basic structure of the ground penetrating radar is shown in fig. 1, and the principle of the ground penetrating radar is mainly to utilize the characteristic that electromagnetic waves can generate different reflections when encountering interfaces of two substances with different dielectric constants, and realize the detection of a target by analyzing and processing reflected signals. Different dielectric constants of different media form an electrical interface, which is a condition for reflection of electromagnetic waves during underground propagation. During detection, high-frequency electromagnetic waves generated by the radar transmitter 1 are sent to the ground through the transmitting antenna 11 in a broadband short pulse mode, are reflected by the stratum 2 or the underground target body 3, then return to the ground, are received by the receiving antenna 12, and then are subjected to data sampling and data processing in the receiver. When electromagnetic waves propagate in an underground medium, the propagation path, the electromagnetic field strength and the waveform of the electromagnetic waves vary to different degrees according to the variation of factors such as the electrical property, the geometric form and the like of the medium passing through. Therefore, the target depth, medium structure, property and spatial distribution characteristic can be solved according to the parameters of the echo signal such as time delay, shape, spectral characteristics and the like.
However, the research on the root distribution morphology by using the ground penetrating radar is limited to qualitative mapping to a great extent at present, and the quantitative research has not been completely successful. Moreover, the research is limited to drawing lateral roots with root diameters larger than 20mm at present, and thin roots with root diameters smaller than 20mm cannot be identified.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the diameter of the underground root of a plant by using a ground penetrating radar, so as to reduce or avoid the aforementioned problems.
Specifically, the invention provides a method for measuring the diameter of the plant underground root by using a ground penetrating radar, which can accurately and quantitatively measure the diameter of the plant underground root by using the ground penetrating radar, and the obtained measurement result has strong correlation with the actual diameter of the plant underground root.
In order to solve the technical problem, the invention provides a method for measuring the diameter of the underground root of a plant by using a ground penetrating radar, which comprises the following steps:
A. scanning by the ground penetrating radar to obtain the specific position of the plant underground root to be measured, and generating corresponding reflected waveform scanning data;
B. selecting a waveform diagram of a reflected wave passing right above the central position of the underground root of the plant to be measured;
C. extracting a time parameter delta T from the oscillogram, wherein the time parameter delta T represents the time from the first arrival time point of the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar when the electromagnetic wave reaches the root top surface to the delay point of the reflected wave of the root bottom surface;
D. and obtaining the diameter of the plant underground root to be measured by a formula D (K x delta T), wherein D is the diameter of the plant underground root to be measured, and K is a characteristic constant corresponding to the underground root measured by the ground penetrating radar in the area.
Preferably, the measurement method of the characteristic constant K is as follows:
digging out the actually measured plant underground root, and measuring the diameter D of the actually measured plant underground root1The actually measured plant underground root and the plant underground root to be measured are positioned in the same area;
obtaining said actually measured time parameter Δ T of the plant's underground roots by the above steps A-C1；
By the formula K ═ D1/ΔT1And obtaining the characteristic constant K.
Preferably, the ground penetrating radar measures the diameter of the plant underground root using a 2GHz frequency antenna.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that: the method can accurately and quantitatively measure the diameter of the plant underground root through the ground penetrating radar, and the obtained measurement result has strong correlation with the actual diameter of the plant underground root.
Drawings
The drawings are only for purposes of illustrating and explaining the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. Wherein,
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a measurement of a ground penetrating radar;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a waveform comparison of radar reflection waves at different frequencies;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a typical scanning waveform of a single pulse ground penetrating radar for a subsurface target;
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram showing a reflected wave passing right above the measured center position of the underground root of the plant;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the correlation between the time parameter Δ T and the actual root diameter obtained by probing the underground roots at different depths;
fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the root diameter value estimated by using the time parameter Δ T obtained by detecting another set of root diameters and the characteristic constant K obtained in fig. 5 and the actual root diameter thereof.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Wherein like parts are given like reference numerals.
Example 1 measurement method
Theoretically, the ability of the ground penetrating radar to identify the root diameter size is related to the resolution of the ground penetrating radar. Resolution is an important parameter for measuring the detection effect of the ground penetrating radar, and is defined as the capability of resolving the minimum abnormal body. The resolution of the ground penetrating radar is closely related to the transmitting frequency of the radar antenna, and the higher the frequency is, the shorter the wavelength is, and the stronger the resolution is.
As shown in FIG. 2, for a medium layer with a certain thickness underground, A-D-G in the figure represent the waveform records in the top plate of the medium at high, medium and low frequencies (corresponding to frequencies of 2GHz, 900MHz and 500MHz respectively); B-E-H respectively represents waveform recording in the medium bottom plate under the frequencies of 2GHz, 900MHz and 500 MHz; C-F-I represents the synthetic recordings in the top and bottom plates at frequencies of 2GHz, 900MHz and 500MHz, respectively. As can be seen from the figure, for the high-frequency antenna of 2GHz, the top and bottom plate waveforms can be well distinguished, so that the thickness of the dielectric layer can be identified. As the frequency of the antenna decreases and the wavelength increases, constructive and destructive interference occurs in the waveforms of the top and bottom plates of the dielectric layer, and the thickness of the dielectric layer cannot be distinguished. Therefore, for the three selected antenna frequencies of 2GHz, 900MHz and 500MHz, the 2GHz frequency antenna has the strongest ability to identify a small target object, and therefore, in the present invention, we consider that the 2GHz frequency antenna is most likely to distinguish the size of the root diameter.
In addition, in the invention, in order to accurately measure the biomass of the plant underground root, a one-dimensional ground penetrating radar data measurement mode is adopted, namely, a given measuring point position (x) of the plant underground root is measuredi，yi) A waveform A (x) of a monopulse reflected wave is recorded by a Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)i，yiT), as shown in fig. 3, a typical single pulse ground penetrating radar scanning waveform of a subsurface target is shown. The only variable in the waveform is time. In the following description of the present invention, data obtained by such scanning is referred to as reflected waveform scanning data.
The reflected waveform scan data obtained from fig. 3 is an unprocessed data, and it can be seen that the reflection amplitude of the target is much smaller than the reflection amplitude of the air-ground (i.e. the ground direct wave), and in order to obtain the scan data of the real target, the air-ground reflected wave in fig. 3 can be regarded as a background clutter, which usually masks the reflection characteristics of the target, and must be removed in the data processing in order to highlight the characteristics of the target, which is beneficial to the data interpretation. The waveform of the reflected wave after the background clutter is usually removed is similar to that shown in fig. 4.
In an embodiment of the present invention, before measuring the diameter of the plant underground root by using the ground penetrating radar, the specific position of the plant underground root to be measured can be obtained by scanning the ground penetrating radar, and then a reflected wave waveform diagram as shown in fig. 4 is selected to pass through the position right above the center position of the plant underground root to be measured, the waveform in the diagram is subjected to clutter removal, the ground reflected wave is suppressed, and the reflection characteristic of the root target is highlighted. For a method for locating underground objects by using ground penetrating radar, reference may be made to "automatic target detection and location research by ground penetrating radar in shallow strata", zhangchun city, zhou zheng europe, journal of electronics and information, 2005, 7 th month, 27 th vol, 1065, 1068, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
According to the waveform diagram shown in fig. 4, a time parameter Δ T can be extracted from the waveform diagram for analyzing the relationship between the time parameter Δ T and the diameter of each root, where Δ T represents the time from the first arrival time point of the reflected wave when the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar reaches the top surface of the root to the delay time point of the reflected wave of the bottom surface of the root, and research shows that the time parameter Δ T is related to the diameter size of the root and is independent of the depth of the root.
Although the above definition of the time parameter Δ T is described with reference to the waveform map (fig. 4) after the clutter removal process, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the time parameter Δ T can be extracted by using waveform data without data processing like that shown in fig. 3, but as described above, due to the background clutter, the reflection characteristics of the underground roots may be masked, thereby making the parameter extraction difficult, and therefore, it is usually advisable to perform some processing on the original data to obtain the required parameter value without affecting the accuracy of the data.
Finally, the measured diameter D of the plant underground root is obtained according to the following formula:
D＝K×ΔT
wherein K is a constant corresponding to the underground root measured by the ground penetrating radar within the area, and is referred to as a characteristic constant. The characteristic constants K corresponding to the underground roots of the same plant in the same region are the same; even if the same plant is in different areas, the characteristic constant K corresponding to the underground root is likely to be different due to climate and soil texture; of course, if plants are different regions and different types, the characteristic constant K corresponding to the underground roots is hardly the same basically, but in a wide range of geophysical conditions, although various plants are grown in a certain region, for example, in the original region of mongolian grasses, the types of the plants are relatively single, and the climate and the soil texture are also basically the same, so that it can be determined that the characteristic constant K corresponding to the underground roots of the plants in the region is basically the same in the process of measuring the diameter of the underground roots of the plants in the wide range.
It should be noted that the method for measuring the diameter of the underground root of the plant by using the ground penetrating radar disclosed by the invention is most fundamentally characterized in that a time parameter delta T is provided, and the diameter of the single root can be effectively estimated by using the time parameter delta T. The prior art documents cited in the present embodiment are used for explaining the determination of the underground root position before the construction of the time parameter Δ T is not the point of the present invention, so that the entire contents of the patent are incorporated by reference for conciseness and clarity of description, and for the understanding of those skilled in the art, and the contents of the related art are fully disclosed by the origin of the cited prior art, which can be known to those skilled in the art without spending any inventive work based on the above-mentioned citations.
Example 2 measurement of characteristic constant K
As can be seen from example 1, in the method for measuring the diameter of an underground root according to the present invention, the diameter D of the underground root of a plant is proportional to the time parameter Δ T, and thus the characteristic constant K corresponding to the underground root of a certain plant in a certain area can be obtained by the following method, and the diameter of the underground root of the plant in the certain area can be obtained. The specific method comprises the following steps:
the underground root after the measurement in example 1 was dug out, and the diameter D of the dug-out underground root was measured1The actual measured time parameter Δ T of the plant underground roots calculated according to the method in example 1 is specified1Then, the characteristic constant K ═ D corresponding to the underground root can be obtained1/ΔT1。
That is, in the present invention, a time parameter Δ T of a ground penetrating radar for detecting the diameter of the plant underground root is constructed, and the time parameter is in direct proportion to the diameter of the plant underground root, so that the characteristic constant K corresponding to the plant underground root in the area can be obtained by actually measuring the diameter of the plant underground root.
Since the characteristic constants K corresponding to the underground roots of the plants in the area are basically the same for the same area, the diameter variation of the underground roots along the growth direction of the underground roots can be obtained if the underground roots of the plants in the area are measured point by using a ground penetrating radar.
Example 3 validation test
Referring to fig. 5, a graph showing a correlation relationship between a time parameter Δ T obtained by detecting underground roots at different depths and an actual root diameter is shown in this embodiment, where the frequency of a corresponding radar wave is 2 GHz.
As shown in fig. 5, the correlation analysis result of the time parameter Δ T and the actual root diameter indicates that there is a very significant correlation between Δ T and the actual root diameter, and the coefficient R is determined2The value of (A) was 0.868 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 3.816 mm.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the root diameter value estimated by using the time parameter Δ T obtained by detecting another set of root diameters and the characteristic constant K obtained in fig. 5 and the actual root diameter thereof, and the similarity between the root diameter value estimated from the radar antenna measurement data of 2GHz frequency and the actual root diameter value is shown in fig. 6: determining the coefficient R2The value was 0.857 and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) was 3.527 mm.
It can be seen that the root diameter measurement by using the ground penetrating radar 2GHz antenna system is more effective, and the estimation precision of the single diameter is quite high.
In the method for measuring the diameter of the underground root of the plant by using the ground penetrating radar, provided by the invention, a time parameter delta T is provided. The diameter of a single root can be effectively estimated by using the time parameter delta T, the advantages of a 2GHz frequency antenna are fully exerted by using the high-resolution property of a high-frequency antenna, and the time parameter delta T directly related to the root diameter is extracted from the detected recorded information; secondly, a GPR root path estimation model is constructed by using the time parameter delta T as an independent variable, and the inspection result of the model achieves higher precision; the reasonability and effectiveness of the new method are verified.
In summary, the following conclusions can be drawn from the above description:
(1) the higher the frequency of the radar antenna is, the stronger the identification capability of the shallow small target reflector is, so that the radar antenna with the frequency of 2GHz has the best effect of identifying the information of the root diameter among the three frequency antennas;
(2) the time parameter delta T extracted from the detection data of the 2GHz frequency antenna is irrelevant to the depth of the root, and can be directly used for estimating the size of the root diameter.
It should be noted, however, that the root diameter estimation model has high requirements on the frequency of the radar antenna, and the high attenuation of the high-frequency antenna signal limits the depth of radar detection, for example, the radar system with the 2GHz frequency antenna in this document can be used for detecting the root system of trees with not very deep depth (for example, 60cm or less).
It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that while the present invention has been described in terms of several embodiments, not every embodiment includes only a single embodiment. The description is given for clearness of understanding only, and it is to be understood that all matters in the embodiments are to be interpreted as including technical equivalents which are related to the embodiments and which are combined with each other to illustrate the scope of the present invention.
The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Any equivalent alterations, modifications and combinations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for measuring the diameter of an underground root of a plant using a ground penetrating radar, the method comprising the steps of:
A. scanning by the ground penetrating radar to obtain the specific position of the plant underground root to be measured, and generating corresponding reflected waveform scanning data;
B. selecting a waveform diagram of a reflected wave passing right above the central position of the underground root of the plant to be measured;
C. extracting a time parameter delta T from the oscillogram, wherein the time parameter delta T represents the time from the first arrival time point of the reflected wave of the electromagnetic wave emitted by the radar when the electromagnetic wave reaches the root top surface to the delay point of the reflected wave of the root bottom surface;
D. obtaining the diameter of the plant underground root to be measured by a formula D (K x delta T), wherein D is the diameter of the plant underground root to be measured, and K is a characteristic constant corresponding to the underground root measured by the ground penetrating radar in the area;
the measuring method of the characteristic constant K comprises the following steps:
digging out the actually measured plant underground root, and measuring the diameter D of the actually measured plant underground root1The actually measured plant underground root and the plant underground root to be measured are positioned in the same area;
obtaining said actually measured time parameter Δ T of the plant's underground roots by the above steps A-C1；
By the formula K ═ D1/ΔT1And obtaining the characteristic constant K.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ground penetrating radar uses a 2GHz frequency antenna to measure the diameter of the plant underground roots.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010151216XA CN101813774B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010151216XA CN101813774B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101813774A CN101813774A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
| CN101813774B true CN101813774B (en) | 2012-11-14 |
Family
ID=42621079
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010151216XA Expired - Fee Related CN101813774B (en) | 2010-04-16 | 2010-04-16 | Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN101813774B (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103105609B (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2014-12-31 | 北京师范大学 | Method of utilizing ground penetrating radar data to construct tree root system three-dimensional image |
| FR3035722B1 (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2020-05-15 | Ovalie Innovation | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE YIELD OF A CULTIVATED PLOT |
| CN106248873B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-04-12 | 黄哲敏 | A method of pine tree firmness degree is measured by detection device |
| CN106226472B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-11-02 | 泉州市泉港区鑫悦盟工业科技有限公司 | Chinese fir wind resistance prior-warning device |
| CN106198877A (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2016-12-07 | 陈显桥 | By the method measuring unit check willow stability |
| CN106226471B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-04-26 | 合肥龙图腾信息技术有限公司 | A method of the wind resistance of measurement Chinese scholartree |
| CN106226470B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-06-11 | 孙红 | A method of measuring the firm performance of Chinese scholartree by measuring device |
| CN106198879B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-11-16 | 广东双木林科技有限公司 | A method of detection Chinese fir wind resisting stability can |
| CN106198878B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2018-11-02 | 泉州市泉港区鑫悦盟工业科技有限公司 | The windproof grade detection device of pine tree |
| CN106199596B (en) * | 2016-07-22 | 2019-05-10 | 安徽省天下彩源种苗科技有限公司 | A kind of device differentiating poplar firmness degree |
| CN113985403B (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2022-08-12 | 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 | Mobile dune clone plant rhizome growth monitoring equipment |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5835053A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1998-11-10 | Road Radar Ltd. | Roadway ground penetrating radar system |
-
2010
- 2010-04-16 CN CN201010151216XA patent/CN101813774B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5835053A (en) * | 1993-06-28 | 1998-11-10 | Road Radar Ltd. | Roadway ground penetrating radar system |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| 崔喜红等.探地雷达技术在植物根系探测研究中的应用.《地球科学进展》.2009,第24卷(第6期),606-611. * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101813774A (en) | 2010-08-25 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101813774B (en) | Method for measuring diameter of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar | |
| CN101813644B (en) | Method for measuring biomass of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar | |
| Cui et al. | Modeling tree root diameter and biomass by ground-penetrating radar | |
| Pettinelli et al. | Correlation between near-surface electromagnetic soil parameters and early-time GPR signals: An experimental study | |
| Ferrara et al. | Monitoring shallow soil water content under natural field conditions using the early-time GPR signal technique | |
| CN101813775B (en) | Method for measuring diameter and biomass of plant underground roots by using ground penetrating radar | |
| Lorenzo Cimadevila et al. | Forestry applications of ground-penetrating radar | |
| Aboudourib et al. | A processing framework for tree-root reconstruction using ground-penetrating radar under heterogeneous soil conditions | |
| Saito et al. | Estimating infiltration front depth using time-lapse multioffset gathers obtained from ground-penetrating-radar antenna array | |
| Wang et al. | Automatic asphalt layer interface detection and thickness determination from ground-penetrating radar data | |
| Filardi et al. | Data-driven soil water content estimation at multiple depths using sfcw gpr | |
| Rasol et al. | Analysis and calibration of ground penetrating radar shielded antennas | |
| Panda et al. | Subsurface propagation velocity estimation methods in ground-penetrating radar: A review | |
| CN107894219B (en) | The antidote of radar thickness measuring error is coupled a kind ofly | |
| Tronicke | The influence of high frequency uncorrelated noise on first-break arrival times and crosshole traveltime tomography | |
| CN115201816A (en) | Three-dimensional ground penetrating radar quantitative imaging method based on improved backward projection | |
| Balsi et al. | GPR measurements and FDTD simulations for landmine detection | |
| Cassiani et al. | Time-lapse surface-to-surface GPR measurements to monitor a controlled infiltration experiment | |
| Zhou et al. | Archaeological investigation in Sendai Castle using ground‐penetrating radar | |
| Grimberg et al. | GPR for UXO recognition | |
| Eisenmann et al. | Progress in quantitative GPR development at CNDE | |
| Takahashi et al. | Robust estimation of the dielectric constant of cylindrical objects using wideband radar transmission measurements | |
| Hislop | Measuring the thickness, permittivity and conductivity of layered earth | |
| KR101535495B1 (en) | Underground Target Detection System and Method for Target Signature Enhancement | |
| Akinsunmade et al. | Complex analysis of GPR signals for the delineation of subsurface subtle features |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20121114 Termination date: 20130416 |