CN101813429A - 热管及其制造方法 - Google Patents

热管及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN101813429A
CN101813429A CN200910300496.3A CN200910300496A CN101813429A CN 101813429 A CN101813429 A CN 101813429A CN 200910300496 A CN200910300496 A CN 200910300496A CN 101813429 A CN101813429 A CN 101813429A
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heat pipe
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opening
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long tube
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CN101813429B (zh
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谢宜莳
王永健
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Furui Precise Component Kunshan Co Ltd
Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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Hon Hai Precision Industry Co Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/0233—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes the conduits having a particular shape, e.g. non-circular cross-section, annular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D15/00—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies
    • F28D15/02—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes
    • F28D15/04—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure
    • F28D15/046—Heat-exchange apparatus with the intermediate heat-transfer medium in closed tubes passing into or through the conduit walls ; Heat-exchange apparatus employing intermediate heat-transfer medium or bodies in which the medium condenses and evaporates, e.g. heat pipes with tubes having a capillary structure characterised by the material or the construction of the capillary structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/42—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations selected or arranged to facilitate heating or cooling
    • H01L23/427—Cooling by change of state, e.g. use of heat pipes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2220/00—Closure means, e.g. end caps on header boxes or plugs on conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2255/00—Heat exchanger elements made of materials having special features or resulting from particular manufacturing processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/34—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements
    • H01L23/46—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids
    • H01L23/467—Arrangements for cooling, heating, ventilating or temperature compensation ; Temperature sensing arrangements involving the transfer of heat by flowing fluids by flowing gases, e.g. air
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
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    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4935—Heat exchanger or boiler making
    • Y10T29/49353—Heat pipe device making

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Abstract

一种热管及其制造方法，该热管包括密封壳体、设于壳体内的毛细结构及填充于该壳体内的工作流体，该热管具有一蒸发段及一冷凝段，该壳体包括一具有一开口的本体及密封该开口的透明盖体，该开口延伸至热管的蒸发段及冷凝段，所述毛细结构设于该本体的内壁上可通过该盖体直接观察壳体内的工作流体的工作状态，从而便于直观地了解该热管内的相变化工作原理及工作过程。

Description

热管及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热管，特别是涉及一种可视其内部工作流体的工作状态的热管及其制造方法。
背景技术
现阶段，热管已被广泛应用于具较大发热量的电子元件的散热。该热管通常包括壳体、贴设于该壳体内表面的毛细结构及填充于该壳体内的低沸点的工作流体。该壳体包括位于相对两端的蒸发段与冷凝段。工作时，该热管利用壳体内部工作流体在其蒸发段吸收发热电子元件产生的热量后蒸发汽化，带着热量运动至冷凝段，并在冷凝段液化凝结将热量释放出去，该液化后的工作流体在毛细结构的作用下再回流至蒸发段进入下一次循环，将电子元件产生的热量散发出去。
该热管的壳体通常由具有较高导热性的金属材料，如铜、铝等制成，该壳体不透明，其内部的工作流体的工作过程并不能直接通过目视观察，而仅能以理论及外部温度量测等推断，不利于人们对热管的工作状态进行实时的观察和监控。
发明内容
有鉴于此，有必要提供一种可视其内部流体工作状态的热管及其制造方法。
一种热管，包括密封壳体、设于壳体内的毛细结构及填充于该壳体内的工作流体，该热管具有一蒸发段及一冷凝段，该壳体包括一具有一开口的本体及密封该开口的透明盖体，该开口延伸至热管的蒸发段及冷凝段，所述毛细结构设于该本体的内壁上。
一种热管的制造方法，包括如下步骤：提供一长管，该长管的内壁上设有毛细结构；将该长管沿其延伸方向切割去除一部分而形成一由长管的一端向另一端延伸的开口，即得到一具有一开口的本体；去除该本体由于上述切割过程中而造成的内应力；提供一不小于该开口大小的透明的盖体，将其封设在开口上，即得到所述热管的壳体；填充工作流体、抽真空、密封。
所述热管的盖体由透明的材料制成，可通过该盖体直接观察壳体内的工作流体的工作状态，从而便于直观地了解该热管内的相变化工作原理及工作过程。可适用于学习人员在教育训练中或者研发人员在开发试验中使用，也方便在客户来访时直接向客户演示其工作过程，以增强客户对热管优越传热性能的了解。另外，该热管也可直接应用于散热装置上对一发热电子元件散热，通过该盖体可以直接观察壳体内的工作流体的工作状态，以确定该散热装置是否正常运行。
附图说明
图1为本发明热管一实施例的立体图。
图2为具有图1所示的热管的一散热装置的立体图。
图3A至图3C为本发明一实施例中热管的制造方法过程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
常态下，热管一般包括一密封壳体，壳体内封装有工作流体并壳体内壁或空腔内设有毛细结构。这种热管的整体形状主要有板型(扁平状)或者管状，本实施例中以管状热管为例进行说明，但本发明不限于管状热管范围。
如图1所示，该热管10包括一密闭的壳体11、设于该壳体11内的毛细结构12、以及填充于该壳体11内的适量的工作流体(图未示)。该热管10包括分别位于壳体11两端的蒸发段13与冷凝段14，及连接于该蒸发段13与冷凝段14之间的绝热段15。
该壳体11的横截面大致呈D字形，其包括一纵长的本体111及一设于该本体111一侧的透明的盖体112。
该本体111的横截面大致呈C字形，其由铜、铝等具有良好导热性的金属制成。该本体111为一半封闭的结构，其顶侧为一沿其轴向延伸的开口110。所设开口110呈纵长形，其轮廓包括相互平行的两直线部114及分别连接该两直线部114、115两端的两弧线部116、117。该开口110沿热管10的轴向由蒸发段13延伸至冷凝段14，且该开口110的宽度小于该热管10的直径。
所述毛细结构12为设于该本体111的内壁且沿轴向延伸的若干微细的沟槽，所述沟槽沿壳体11的内表面的圆周方向均匀分布，每一沟槽由壳体11的蒸发段13延伸至壳体11的冷凝段14。具体实施时，所述毛细结构12也可为烧结、碳纤维或丝网等各种类型。
该盖体112呈平板状，其由透明材料，如玻璃或压克力等制成的方形平板。该盖体112的大小可与该本体111的开口110的大小相当，也可比该开口110稍大。该盖体112可密封地盖设于该本体111的开口110上，所述盖体112与本体111共同于该壳体11的内部形成一密闭的腔室16。
所述工作流体填充于该壳体11的腔室16内，其可为水、酒精、甲醇等具有较低沸点的物质。透过该透明的盖体112可以直接观察到该壳体11内的沟槽及工作流体。
该热管10处于工作状态时，该壳体11的蒸发段13与一热源接触，工作流体由壳体11的蒸发段13处吸热蒸发，蒸汽带着热量向冷凝段14移动，在冷凝段14放热后凝结成液体，将热量释放出去，冷凝后的液体由于毛细结构12的毛细作用力下又回流至蒸发段13进行下一次吸热放热循环，从而完成对热源持续有效地散热。
由于该壳体11上的盖体112透明，使得可以通过该盖体112实时观察到该热管10内部工作流体的工作状态，从而便于直观地了解该热管10内的相变化工作原理及工作过程。因此，该热管10适用于学习人员在教育训练中或者研发人员在开发试验中使用，也方便在客户来访时直接向客户演示其工作过程，以增强客户对热管10优越传热性能的了解。同时，可通过一摄影机拍摄下该热管10的工作流体的工作过程，从而进一步方便学习人员、研发人员及客户观测到该热管10内工作流体的相变化过程，了解该热管10内的工作流体的流动速度、流动状态的稳定程度以判断该热管10性能的好坏。另外，也方便针对相同壳体11内分别填充不同的工作流体和设置不同的毛细结构12的多个热管10的性能进行比较。
请参照图2，为该热管10应用于一散热装置对一发热电子元件20进行散热的示意图。该散热装置包括风扇40及设于该风扇40的出风口42处的散热器30。该散热器30的顶端形成一凹槽32。该凹槽32的形状与尺寸分别与该壳体11的本体111的形状与尺寸大致相同。该热管10的蒸发段13处的本体111与发热电子元件20接触，冷凝段14处的本体111恰好收容于该散热器30顶端的凹槽32内，该盖体112暴露出该散热装置且面向该散热装置的上方。由于该盖体112为透明材料制成，通过该盖体112可以直接观察壳体11内的工作流体的工作状态，以确定该散热装置是否正常运行。
图3A至图3C为本发明一实施例中热管10的制造方法过程示意图，该制造方法包括如下步骤：
提供一内壁设有一毛细结构的长管60，如图3A所示，该长管60为具有较好导热性的金属圆管；
将该长管60沿其轴向切割去一壁部62，如图3B所示，所切割去除的壁部62的横截面呈弧形，所剩余的部分即为具有开口110的本体111，该切割方式可采用线切割或者雷射切割；
将该本体111采用去应力退火方式以去除上述切割过程中而造成的内应力；
提供一不小于该开口110的透明的盖体112，如图3C所示，通过密封胶将其封设在开口110上，即得到壳体11；
最后，完成填工作流体、抽真空及封口等步骤，即得到可直接观察其内部工作状态的热管10。所述长管60也可为扁管，其形状可为直管也可为L型或U型管，其两端可均开放。

Claims (9)

1.一种热管，包括密封壳体、设于壳体内的毛细结构及填充于该壳体内的工作流体，该热管具有一蒸发段及一冷凝段，其特征在于：该壳体包括一具有一开口的本体及密封该开口的透明盖体，该开口延伸至热管的蒸发段及冷凝段，所述毛细结构设于该本体的内壁上。
2.如权利要求1所述的热管，其特征在于：该盖体的材料为透明的玻璃或压力克。
3.如权利要求1所述的热管，其特征在于：所述壳体的横截面呈D字形。
4.如权利要求3所述的热管，其特征在于：所述本体的横截面呈C字形。
5.如权利要求1所述的热管，其特征在于：所述开口呈纵长形，其包括相互平行的两直线部及分别连接该两水平部两端的两弧线部。
6.一种热管的制造方法，包括如下步骤：
提供一长管，该长管的内壁上设有毛细结构；
将该长管沿其延伸方向切割去除一部分而形成一由长管的一端向另一端延伸的开口，即得到一具有一开口的本体；
去除该本体由于上述切割过程中而造成的内应力；
提供一不小于该开口大小的透明的盖体，将其封设在开口上，即得到所述热管的壳体；
填充工作流体、抽真空、密封。
7.如权利要求6所述的热管的制造方法，其特征在于：所述切割方式为线切割或雷射切割。
8.如权利要求6所述的热管的制造方法，其特征在于：所述透明的盖体呈平板状。
9.如权利要求6所述的热管的制造方法，其特征在于：所述长管为金属管。
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CN106091770A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2016-11-09 苏州聚力电机有限公司 具端面强化效果的真空导热体
CN106197107A (zh) * 2016-07-29 2016-12-07 苏州聚力电机有限公司 一种具端面强化效果的真空导热体及其制法
CN110328462A (zh) * 2019-07-01 2019-10-15 安徽安风风机有限公司 蜗舌倒角处高强度过渡方法

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CN105698410A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-06-22 南京工业大学 一种石英可视化热管
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