CN101813403A - 低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器 - Google Patents

低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器 Download PDF

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CN101813403A
CN101813403A CN 201010165179 CN201010165179A CN101813403A CN 101813403 A CN101813403 A CN 101813403A CN 201010165179 CN201010165179 CN 201010165179 CN 201010165179 A CN201010165179 A CN 201010165179A CN 101813403 A CN101813403 A CN 101813403A
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CN101813403B (zh
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冯益安
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Anhui Jinzhai Shilong Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器,属于热泵、热水器、空调等生活用电器的综合利用节能领域,其主要解决的是将热泵、空调、热水器整合为一个整体,在实际应用中产生较高的效能比(效能比为6-25)。主要方法是:选择常温常压下沸点较高的物质(如戊烷、水、酒精等)做蒸发剂,在低于大气压的蒸发器内通过抽气机进行“抽气”实现低压“蒸发”,蒸汽通过压缩机压缩温度升高后在热水器内“冷凝”,冷凝后的液体回到“蒸发器”中,工作过程类似热泵。夏季将“蒸发器”置于室内吸取室内空气中的热量取得空调降温的效果,冬季把蒸发器放于室外或置于太阳能的保温水箱内从室外吸取热量,无论冬季或夏季吸收的热量统统在室内“热水器”内换热,产生温水或开水,冬季可以实现取暖,夏季可以降低室内温度,其理论综合用电效能比理想状态下可达25,是理想的节能产品。

Description

低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器
技术领域:热泵、空调、热水器
背景技术:
热泵技术已经非常古老,但在目前的现实世界中并未得到充分开发。原因是我们使用的介质多是低温介质。低温介质在低温下蒸发适合于制冷但不太适合于热泵,因为要提高热泵的效率就要提高热泵的效能比,势必提高介质的汽化蒸发温度。但目前国内的热泵并没有在“效能比”上有较大提高,原因就是没有在“介质”上下功夫,并且空调、冰箱等的制冷,都是单方面的制冷,在制冷过程中也会产生“热”,但这“热”并未开发利用且污染了环境。
发明内容:
“低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器”属于热泵、热水器、空调等多项电器的节能综合利用领域,是将热泵、空调、热水器整合为一个整体,在实际应用中达到6倍以上的效能比,即利用一度电可以产生6度电以上的制冷和热水效益。主要方法是:选择常温常压下沸点较高的物质(如戊烷、水、酒精等)做蒸发剂,在低压(即低于大气压)蒸发器内通过抽气压缩机进行“抽气”实现低压“蒸发”,蒸汽通过压缩机压缩温度升高后在热水器内“冷凝”,冷凝后的液体回到“蒸发器”中,工作过程类似热泵。夏季将“蒸发器”置于室内吸取室内空气中的热量取得空调降温的效果,冬季把蒸发器放于室外或置于太阳能的保温水箱内从室外吸取热量,无论冬季或夏季吸收的热量统统在室内“热水器”内换热,产生温水或开水,冬季可以实现取暖,夏季可以降低室内温度,其理论综合用电效能比理想状态下可达20以上,是理想的节能产品。
附图说明:
图1为低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器结构示意图。在图1中,(1)为换热管,(2)为气仓,(3)为气体的上下疏通管道和液体回流管道,(4)为抽气式压缩机,(5)为热水器内的交换器,(6)为加热水体的进出口示意。
具体实施方式:
结合附图介绍室内空调或热泵热水器:如图1所示,换热吸收部分即“蒸发器”(1)为“换热管”,材质可以是金属铜管或铝管,也可以是“平板式”而非“管式”,“管”或者“平板”片薄有利于传热,管或平板内装有蒸发液体,此系统即为“蒸发器”。蒸发器放于室内夏天吸收空气的热量,使空气降温,起到“空调”的作用。同时将“热量”通过抽气压缩机(4)泵入“热水器”内的交换器(5)内换热,形成38°以上的温水供洗浴应用或者进一步升温至100℃产生开水供生活饮用,成品水可以从出口(6)放出。
蒸发液体的选择:由于夏天要求室温在26°以下,所以蒸发介质在常规条件下需要低于26℃,温度越低越有利于快速传热,但温度越低越会加剧耗能,这与我们设计高效能比的“热泵”初衷愿望相违背。根据热泵供热系数=T2/(T2-T1)可知,供热温度T2和蒸发温度T1之间差别越大,供热系数即效能比越小,例如:设计热水器内成品“水”的温度为45℃,蒸发器内介质的低压蒸发温度为20°,则热泵热水器效能比=(273.15+45)/(45-20)=12.726,同时,空调制冷系数=T1/T2-T1=(273.15+25)/(45-20)=11.926,由于消耗了电即产生了热又在室内制了“冷”,所以综合效能比应为二者之和=12.726+11.926=24.652,这个数字接近“25”,已经非常可观。如果成品水温度为38°,综合效能比还会进一步提升,但液体的蒸发温度也可以低于20°比如18°,由于介质可以在“低压”下蒸发,降低蒸发压力即可降低蒸发温度,因此对介质的选择可以有较宽松的范围,但从节能角度考虑,越接近常压下的18-20°越为有利。所以说用18-20°左右的蒸发剂既能满足夏天制冷需求,又能满足热水器夏天洗澡只用,综合效能比达到20以上,这就是“高温介质”的特别“优势”,但这种介质目前较少,常温常压下沸点接近20°的介质有新戊烷。正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷的沸点分别为:36.07℃、27.9℃、9.5℃,可以参考使用,酒精、水也可以使用。
压缩机的选择:选择低压抽气式压缩机,比如所用介质是“水”或者是“酒精”,在常压下,水的沸点是100℃,但在低压下20℃时也可以沸腾蒸发。查表得:水在20℃时的饱和蒸汽压为2.3346kp,45℃时的饱和蒸汽压力为9.5837kp,压缩机在这个范围内工作可谓“游刃有余”。即使升到开水的饱和蒸汽压101.33kp,对于低压2.3346和高压101.33之间的压力比值小于50,一般抽气压缩机都能对付。而其他介质如酒精或者戊烷类工作压力都低于这个比值,因此用“低压抽气式”能够延长压缩机的使用寿命。
气仓的作用:气仓即除了介质占用空间外其余容纳低压气体的空间,在图1中气仓(2)容积较大,仅仅是示意所用,表示除了介质外还有气体的容纳空间,这个空间较大利于介质吸热蒸发和传热。实际应用中可以消除专门的气仓,气仓可以与蒸发器(1)融为一体。
空调或热泵热水器室外部分:由于冬季室内温度不需要“制冷”而需要“供热”,所以需有一套室外取热装置。原来夏天安装在室内的“蒸发器”需移至室外,有两种选择,1是蒸发器直接暴露在空气中,2是与太阳能热水器或其他低温热源结合,把蒸发器置于低温热源或太阳能热水器的保温水箱中,直接从外界吸热而供给室内热水器或者加载室内散热器用于太阳能取暖。
综上所述:低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器采取“高温”介质,利用“低压”蒸发技术,结合室内室外热量的综合利用,能够大幅度提高“效能比”,广泛应用在热水器、空调、开水、冬季取暖和其他热利用工程。

Claims (4)

1.低压抽气式空调或热泵热水器,属于综合利用电器,其特征是:把热泵、空调、热水器整合为一个整体,利用高沸点蒸发剂和低压抽气技术实现高效能比(效能比为6-25),主要实现方法是:选择常温常压下沸点较高的物质(如戊烷、水、酒精等)做蒸发剂,在蒸发器内通过“抽气”实现低压“蒸发”,蒸汽通过压缩机压缩后温度升高在热水器保温水箱的换热器内“冷凝”,冷凝后的液体回到“蒸发器”中,夏季将“蒸发器”切换到室内吸取室内空气中的热量取得空调降温的效果,冬季把蒸发器切换到室外或置于太阳能的保温水箱内从室外吸取热量,在保温水箱内产生温水或开水,冬季可以实现取暖,夏季可以降低室内温度。
2.根据1所述,高沸点蒸发剂是指常温常压下沸点大于零度的有机或无机液体,如戊烷、酒精、水等。
3.根据1所述,“低压抽气”是指抽气压缩机在蒸发器内在“一个大气压”之下进行抽气,然后将“气体”进行压缩升温后换热。
4.根据1所述,由于采取了高沸点蒸发剂,不仅效能提高,而且使压缩机的工作压力范围和工作温度范围发生变化,能够利用热泵产生“开水”即形成“开水器”。
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101813373A (zh) * 2010-04-27 2010-08-25 冯益安 低压抽气式热泵热水器或开水器
CN101825363A (zh) * 2010-04-27 2010-09-08 冯益安 低压抽气式空调或热泵
CN104180536A (zh) * 2014-07-28 2014-12-03 杨艺明 太阳能风力升温聚热器
CN109266526A (zh) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-25 陕西理工大学 一种沼气发酵加热系统

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102374611A (zh) * 2011-09-07 2012-03-14 冯益安 一种实现空调、热泵高效能比的方法

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101813373A (zh) * 2010-04-27 2010-08-25 冯益安 低压抽气式热泵热水器或开水器
CN101825363A (zh) * 2010-04-27 2010-09-08 冯益安 低压抽气式空调或热泵
CN104180536A (zh) * 2014-07-28 2014-12-03 杨艺明 太阳能风力升温聚热器
CN109266526A (zh) * 2018-09-19 2019-01-25 陕西理工大学 一种沼气发酵加热系统
CN109266526B (zh) * 2018-09-19 2019-12-31 陕西理工大学 一种沼气发酵加热系统

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