CN103175324A - 带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组 - Google Patents
带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103175324A CN103175324A CN2013100579787A CN201310057978A CN103175324A CN 103175324 A CN103175324 A CN 103175324A CN 2013100579787 A CN2013100579787 A CN 2013100579787A CN 201310057978 A CN201310057978 A CN 201310057978A CN 103175324 A CN103175324 A CN 103175324A
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- heat
- condenser
- concurrent flow
- recuperation
- refrigeration unit
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Abstract
本发明公开了带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，包括依次连接的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀、蒸发器，所述压缩机与冷凝器之间设置热回收换热器，所述冷凝器为蒸发式冷凝器，所述换热盘管组由多个盘管串联构成，且盘管是平行流盘管。本发明制冷效率高，具有很好的节能效果。
Description
带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及制冷空调与换热器领域，特别涉及带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组。
背景技术
[0002] 空调的冷热源即制冷与热泵机组大多采用空气或水单相冷却式冷凝器，换热性能的提高很难有质的飞跃，采用新型高效冷凝器是提升制冷机组性能的迫切需求。蒸发式冷凝器是一种新型高效紧凑式低成本换热器，它是在工业制冷替代凉水塔中着手开发研制的，充分利用水的蒸发潜热，具有节能、结构紧凑、重量轻等优点，在工业制冷应用中取得了巨大成功，是目前最有前途的冷凝器形式。蒸发式冷凝制冷机组与传统的水冷及风冷冷水机组相比，无论是从技术经济性，节能与环保等社会效益上都有一定的优势。
[0003] 如何降低蒸发式冷凝器本身的功耗也是重要问题，蒸发式冷凝器的功耗直接由流体在设备中的阻力损失即压降决定。传统换热器一直采用如图1所示的流动方式，流体流道长，压降大；另外，单位热流密度高沿着入口到出口逐渐减小，而传统的换热管从入口到出口都均匀分布，这样流动与换热空间严重不协调，热利用效率不高。在冷凝换热条件下，涡尺度控制是换热设备压降控制的关键因素，而如何控制涡尺度以在较小的压降下获取较高的传热膜系数，是换热器传热强化的关键问题。传统换热器流阻大，关键是对流道的涡尺度控制欠佳，流体在换热元件中形成较大尺度的涡流，形体阻力损失大，而这些大尺度涡并非作用在传热界面上，对传热强化并无显著影响，因而无用功耗多，设备整体传热性能差。特别是在操作功耗限 制的条件下，换热器只能在较低流速下操作，故传热膜系数也较低。
[0004] 压缩机出来的高温高压的制冷剂蒸汽，一般温度和压力都偏高，直接进入冷凝器，不仅增加冷凝器的负荷，提高了冷凝温度，进而降低了整个制冷机组的性能，而且会造成相当大的热损失，如果在制冷剂蒸汽进入冷凝器之前设备一个水冷式预冷换热器，就可以回收约10%-15%的热量，上述换热器排出热水温度可达50°C左右，可直接作为热水供应洗浴或生产工艺。另外，制冷机组提供空气调节的冷源时，冷空气在房间使用后需要排出，排风的温湿度(27°C，65%)相对于室外工况(33°C，83%)有明显的差别，此部分功耗如果能够回收，将能较大地提高空调系统能效比。空调系统在制冷时，每IkW制冷负荷可产生冷凝水0.4^0.8kg/h.冷凝水处理不当会对环境带来危害，特别是大型的中央空调系统，冷凝水的产量很大，冷凝水的回收具有很大的开发潜力。制冷量3 500k W的空调系统，可节水140(T2800kg/h，冷凝水温度以17°C计算，则可回收冷量123〜236kW，占空调系统总制冷量的3.5^7.0%。上述现象不但导致大量的能源浪费，同时也大大增加了制冷空调系统的用电负荷，对制冷空调用户及整个社会用电都造成相当大的不利影响。
发明内容
[0005]为了克服上述现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种结构紧凑、操作简单的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组。[0006] 本发明采用如下技术方案:
[0007] —种带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，包括依次连接的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀、蒸发器，所述压缩机与冷凝器之间设置热回收换热器。
[0008] 所述冷凝器为蒸发式冷凝器，包括箱体，所述箱体底部封闭成为水槽，箱体顶部开口处放置风机，水槽与风机之间由下至上依次为进风格栅、换热盘管组、喷淋装置、挡水栅，所述进风格栅、换热盘管组、喷淋装置、挡水栅通过支架放置于箱体内。
[0009] 所述换热盘管组由多个盘管串联构成，所述多个盘管并列放置。
[0010] 所述盘管是平行流盘管。
[0011] 所述盘管包括直管和弯头，所述直管为普通管或变径管。
[0012] 所述直管的截面为圆形、椭圆形、水滴形、锥形或方形中的一种。
[0013] 上述制冷机组还包括储液罐，所述储液罐设置在膨胀阀与冷凝器之间。
[0014] 所述冷凝器还包括水泵、补水阀，所述水泵安装在水槽与喷淋装置之间。
[0015] 还包括弓I风机，所述弓I风机与冷凝器连接。
[0016] 本发明的工作过程:贮存于制冷系统的管道及设备内部的低温低压制冷剂(液态或汽态)经压缩机转换成高温高压的制冷剂蒸汽，进入热回收换热器的换热管内部，向换热管外的冷水放热得到热水，换热管内出来的制冷剂蒸汽进入蒸发式冷凝器换热盘管组的内部，放热并冷凝成液体，然后离开冷凝器进入管道内，再直接(或先进入储液罐)进入膨胀阀，进行不可逆的绝热膨胀过程，膨胀后的低温低压制冷剂液体进入蒸发器中进行蒸发和制冷，冷量由循环冷冻水带走，蒸发得到的制冷剂蒸汽重新回到压缩机吸气状态，实现了制冷剂的不断循环流动。
[0017] 上述制冷过程中:蒸发式冷凝器的工作过程为:水泵从集水槽中泵出冷却水经喷淋装置淋在换热盘管组表面，形成水膜，水膜从换热盘管内的制冷剂蒸汽中吸收热量，一部分水膜中水遇热变成水蒸汽，并与水膜外错向流动，气流由风机排出，同时带走水蒸汽和热量，未蒸发的水流回水槽中供循环使用。
[0018] 本发明的有益效果:
[0019] (I)在制冷剂蒸汽进入冷凝器之前设置热回收换热器，可以回收约10%_15%的热量，上述换热器排出热水温度可达50°C左右，可直接作为热水供应洗浴或生产工艺。
[0020] (2)制冷空调系统在制冷时，每IkW制冷负荷可产生冷凝水0.4^0.8kg/h.冷凝水处理不当会对环境带来危害，特别是大型的中央空调系统，冷凝水的产量很大，冷凝水的回收具有很大的开发潜力。制冷量3500kW的空调系统，可节水140(T2800kg/h，冷凝水温度以17°C计算，则可回收冷量123〜236kW，占制冷系统总制冷量的3.5〜7.0%。
附图说明
[0021] 图1为本发明的结构示意图；
[0022] 图2为图1中换热盘管组的主视图；
[0023] 图3为图2中B-B方向的截面图，截面图表示直管为普通管的结构。
[0024] 图中示出:
[0025] 1-压缩机，2-热回收换热器，3-换热盘管组，4-喷淋装置，5-风机，6-挡水栅，7-水泵，8-水槽，9-蒸发式冷凝器，10-膨胀阀，11-储液罐，12-蒸发器，15-引风机，16-补水阀，17-进风格栅。
具体实施方式
[0026] 下面结合实施例及附图，对本发明作进一步地详细说明，但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
[0027] 实施例
[0028] 如图1所示，一种带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，包括依次连接的压缩机1、冷凝器、膨胀阀10、蒸发器12，所述压缩机I与冷凝器之间设置热回收换热器2。
[0029] 还包括储液罐11、引风机15，所述储液罐设置在膨胀阀10与冷凝器之间，所述引风机15与冷凝器连接。
[0030] 所述冷凝器为蒸发式冷凝器9，包括箱体、水泵7、补水阀16，所述箱体底部封闭成为水槽8，顶部开口处放置风机5，水槽8与风机5之间由下至上依次为进风格栅17、换热盘管组3、喷淋装置4、挡水栅6，均通过支架放置于箱体内。
[0031] 所述补水阀16浮于水槽8的水面，用于控制水位。
[0032] 所述换热盘管组3由多个盘管串联构成，所述多个盘管并列放置。
[0033] 所述盘管包括直管和弯头，所述直管为普通管或变径管。直管为普通管的结构如图2、图3所示，
[0034] 所述直管的截面为圆形、椭圆形、水滴形、锥形或方形中的一种，材料一般为金属材料。
[0035] 所述挡水栅6防止水在高速气流的作用下逃逸。
[0036] 所述换热盘管组3由上到下，随着制冷剂温度逐渐降低，降热量及热流密度逐步减小，从上到下逐步减小盘管的数量使管内制冷剂呈平行流动，不仅可以提高换热效率和换热量，而且可以降低制冷剂在盘管内的流动阻力。
[0037] 贮存于制冷系统的管道及设备内部的低温低压制冷剂(液态或汽态)经压缩机I转换成高温高压的制冷剂蒸汽，进入热回收换热器2的换热管内部，向换热管外的冷水放热得到热水，热水可以作为生活或工艺用水，换热管内出来的制冷剂蒸汽进入蒸发式冷凝器换热盘管组3的内部，放热并冷凝成液体，然后离开冷凝器进入管道内，再直接(或先进入储液罐)进入膨胀阀10，进行不可逆的绝热膨胀过程，膨胀后的低温低压制冷剂液体进入蒸发器中进行蒸发和制冷，冷量由循环冷冻水带走，蒸发得到的制冷剂蒸汽重新回到压缩机吸气状态，实现了制冷剂的不断循环流动。
[0038] 本发明所述的热回收，包括三种途径的热回收，三者可以同时回收或者是回收的一种；
[0039] 一是制冷剂蒸汽的冷凝热回收:在压缩机与蒸发式冷凝器之间设置热回收换热器，制冷时，压缩机排出的高温高压的气体进入热回收换热器，在换热器内放热，将冷水加热。热回收分为部分热回收和全部热回收，部分热回收指部分利用制冷剂蒸汽的冷凝热加热生活用水，水温高于冷凝温度；全部热回收指制冷剂过热蒸汽冷却、冷凝和过冷，冷凝热全部回收加热生活用水，水温低于冷凝温度。如果生活用水热负荷小于空调侧热负荷，则采用部分热回收来制取生活用水，；如果生活用水热负荷与空调侧热负荷相当，则采用全部热回收来制取生活用水，[0040] 二是空调末端使用过的低温低湿的冷空气的热回收:通过一个引风机，引入蒸发式冷凝器，作为蒸发式冷凝器的进风，节能的同时提高蒸发式冷凝器的冷凝效率，进而提升整个蒸发式冷凝制冷机组的性能。
[0041] 三是冷凝水的热回收:制冷机组产生的冷凝水，收集起来后直接作为蒸发式冷凝的冷却水补充用水。
[0042] 本发明采用蒸发式冷凝器，相对于风冷式冷凝机组，冷凝温度可降低3〜irC，进而节省压缩机功耗9〜30%，而且设备寿命长，设备噪声小；相对于水冷凝式制冷机组，不仅可以降低压缩机功耗，而且省去水冷式冷凝器和冷却塔之间大功率的冷却水泵，简化了系统，节能约9〜30%。
[0043] 上述实施例为本发明较佳的实施方式，但本发明的实施方式并不受所述实施例的限制，其他的任何未背离本发明的精神实质与原理下所作的改变、修饰、替代、组合、简化，均应为等效的置换方式，都包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，包括依次连接的压缩机、冷凝器、膨胀阀、蒸发器，所述压缩机与冷凝器之间设置热回收换热器。
2.根据权利要求1所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述冷凝器为蒸发式冷凝器，包括箱体，所述箱体底部封闭成为水槽，箱体顶部开口处放置风机，水槽与风机之间由下至上依次为进风格栅、换热盘管组、喷淋装置、挡水栅，所述进风格栅、换热盘管组、喷淋装置、挡水栅通过支架放置于箱体内。
3.根据权利要求2所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述换热盘管组由多个盘管串联构成，所述多个盘管并列放置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述盘管是平行流盘管。
5.根据权利要求4所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述盘管包括直管和弯头，所述直管为普通管或变径管。
6.根据权利要求5所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述直管的截面为圆形、椭圆形、水滴形、锥形或方形中的一种。
7.根据权利要求1所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，还包括储液罐，所述储液罐设置在膨胀阀与冷凝器之间。
8.根据权利要求2所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，所述冷凝器还包括水泵、补水阀，所述水泵安装在水槽与喷淋装置之间。
9.根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的带热回收的平行流蒸发式冷凝制冷机组，其特征在于，还包括弓I风机，所述弓I风机与冷凝器连接。
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| CN103759357A (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 西安工程大学 | 电厂用蒸发冷却与机械制冷联合的冷风/冷水机组 |
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| CN103411355A (zh) * | 2013-08-16 | 2013-11-27 | 宋道胜 | 蒸发冷凝分离式集冷集热三集成冷冻站 |
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| CN103759357A (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2014-04-30 | 西安工程大学 | 电厂用蒸发冷却与机械制冷联合的冷风/冷水机组 |
| CN103759357B (zh) * | 2014-01-08 | 2016-05-25 | 西安工程大学 | 电厂用蒸发冷却与机械制冷联合的冷风/冷水机组 |
| CN103925750A (zh) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-07-16 | 北京德能恒信科技有限公司 | 一种新型蒸发式冷凝器 |
| CN103925737A (zh) * | 2014-05-06 | 2014-07-16 | 北京德能恒信科技有限公司 | 一种带有蒸发式冷凝器的空调系统 |
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| CN107305045A (zh) * | 2016-04-22 | 2017-10-31 | 青岛海尔新能源电器有限公司 | 一种冷暖三联供空调 |
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