CN101811858B - Fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents
Fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body and manufacturing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101811858B CN101811858B CN 201010120606 CN201010120606A CN101811858B CN 101811858 B CN101811858 B CN 101811858B CN 201010120606 CN201010120606 CN 201010120606 CN 201010120606 A CN201010120606 A CN 201010120606A CN 101811858 B CN101811858 B CN 101811858B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body and a manufacturing method thereof and belongs to the technical field of ceramic products, which is used for reducing the deformation of a sanitary ceramic product and improving the quality of glaze. The fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body is characterized in that a body raw material comprises the following components in part by mass: 10 to 30 parts of ball clay, 30 to 60 parts of kaoline, 5 to 15 parts of porcelain clay, 5 to 15 parts of quartz and 5 to 15 parts of wollastonite, wherein the kaoline comprises 10 to 25 calcined kaoline. In the manufacturing method, the raw materials and the adding proportion of the fine-pottery body are preferably selected, the crystal phase content of mullite, quartz and the like is controlled, and the glass phase content and the high-temperature plastic deformation are reduced so as to fulfill the aim of reducing the deformation of fine-pottery sanitary ceramics; while reducing the hygroscopic expansion of the body, the manufacturing method improve thermal expansion coefficient of the body at the temperature of 200 DEG C to make the glaze bear high compressive stress, thereby improving the anti-cracking performance of products and ensuring enough long service life. Through the refinement of slurry granularity, the method remarkably reduces the occurrence of disadvantage of glaze pinholes, does not need to reduce the pinholes by using engobe, simplifies a production process, and improves the production efficiency and the qualification rate of the products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of sanitary ware and manufacture method, particularly fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body and manufacture method thereof, belong to the ceramic technical field.
Background technology
Sanitary and balneal room Art Design art up and personalized proposed higher standard-required to the manufacturing of sanitaryware, particularly the regularity of large size product proposed high requirement.The size of ceramic is larger, and it is also larger that it burns till difficulty, and except product was easy to crack, the quality problems such as product surface distortion, edge deformation, whole distortion were to cause the underproof one of the main reasons of product.Sanitary ceramic product is generally the porcelain base substrate, after burning till through the high temperature of 1200 ~ 1250 ℃, water-intake rate is not more than 0.5%, in the high temperature sintering process, because glassy phase is softening rapidly, under action of gravity, producing the flexural deformation defective is that the too much porcelain sanitary ceramic body of glassy phase is difficult to overcome solution.The porcelain snitaryware has determined the natural characteristics of its high distortion from the height liquid content.For the porcelain snitaryware, no matter be raw material, moulding, drying, firing process, or the improvement of product structure design, be all that the non-intrinsically safe that carries out from external factor improves, can't fundamentally solve the large problem of product deformation all the time.
Compare with the porcelain snitaryware, the ceramic snitaryware has natural advantage aspect the product of making large size, high regularity.Yet the ceramic snitaryware is because water-intake rate is high, and in use easily wet swelling and produce the fatal shortcoming of glaze delayed crazing, shortened the work-ing life of product.And traditional ceramic snitaryware blank particle is thick, and the glaze pin hole is many, needs to hide base substrate with minimizing glaze pin hole with cosmetic soil, but uses cosmetic soil to cause complex manufacturing, easily produces the defectives such as crawling, and product percent of pass is low.Therefore, the ceramic snitaryware needs will to study more suitable fine pottery matter body recipe and production technique adopting on fine pottery matter base substrate basis, to obtaining lower degree of deformation, good glaze quality and long work-ing life.
Summary of the invention
The present invention be used for overcoming the defective of prior art and provide that a kind of glaze quality is good, long service life, production cost is low, product percent of pass is high fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body and manufacture method thereof.
The alleged problem of the present invention solves by the following technical programs:
A kind of fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body, its special feature are that described blank raw material comprises the material of following mass parts:
Ball clay 10-30, kaolin 20-35, china clay 5-15, quartzy 5-15, calcined kaolin 10-25, wollastonite 5-15.
Above-mentioned fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body, described blank raw material adds the material of following mass parts: kaolinite 5-15, feldspar 2-5.
Above-mentioned fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body, described blank raw material is comprised of the material of following mass parts: ball clay 20, kaolin 20, china clay 15, quartz 10, calcined kaolin 17, wollastonite 10, kaolinite 5, feldspar 3.
Above-mentioned fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body manufacture method, it comprises that raw material takes, slurrying, injection forming, demoulding drying and other steps, the main technologic parameters of described slurrying step is as follows: concentration of hydraulic mixture (g/200ml) 360-380, fineness (350 mesh screen residue %) 6-10, absorption slip rate (mm/45min) 5-6.5, mobility V
0(s) 50-70.
The present invention controls the crystal contents such as mullite, quartz by preferred fine pottery matter blank raw material and the reasonable adding proportion of controlling each raw material, reduces amount of glassy phase, reduces its high-temp plastic deformation, reaches and reduces the purpose that fine-pottery sanitary ceramic is out of shape; When reducing base substrate wet swelling, improve base substrate at the thermal expansivity of 200 ℃, make glaze bear higher stress, thereby improved the freedom from cracking performance of fine-pottery sanitary ceramic finished product, guarantee that it has sufficiently long work-ing life.Sanitary ceramic product with base substrate manufacturing of the present invention, total shrinkage is lower than below 7%, the standard degree of deformation is below 7mm, can significantly reduce cracking defect and the deformation defect of sanitary ware in drying and sintering process, the glaze needle pore defect is few, need not to reduce pin hole with cosmetic soil, simplified production technique, improved production efficiency and product percent of pass.The inventive method can fundamentally solve the porcelain sanitary ceramic body and shrink problem large, that distortion is large, is suitable for making large size, the baroque product that the porcelain sanitary ceramic body can't meet design requirement.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is porcelain sanitary ceramic body XRD figure spectrum;
Fig. 2 is fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body XRD figure spectrum of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is directed to the problems that common ceramic snitaryware and porcelain snitaryware exist, ceramic sanitary ceramic body proportioning raw materials is conducted in-depth research and lot of experiments, optimize the adding proportion of fine pottery matter blank raw material constituent and each raw material.By the appropriate calcined kaolin that adds, control the crystal contents such as mullite, quartz in described fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body raw material, reduce amount of glassy phase, reduce its high-temp plastic deformation, reach the purpose that reduces the fine-pottery sanitary ceramic distortion.Adopt fine pottery matter body recipe of the present invention to make sanitary ceramic product, its drying shrinkage is below 3%, percent of firing shrinkage is below 4%, total shrinkage is below 7%, the standard degree of deformation is below 7mm, significantly reduce the cracking defect of sanitary ware in drying and sintering process, significantly reduce the deformation defect in sintering process, improve manufacturing accuracy and the qualification rate of goods.Pass through the appropriate wollastonite that adds in raw material with quartzy, in the wet swelling that reduces base substrate, improve base substrate at the thermal expansivity of 200 ℃, make glaze bear higher stress, thereby improved the freedom from cracking performance of snitaryware finished product, guarantee that it has sufficiently long work-ing life.Proportioning raw materials of the present invention has overcome simple use wollastonite, although can solve glaze be full of cracks defective, causes that base substrate burns till folding strength and reduces, thus the problem that causes transporting, easily breaks and damage in use procedure; Overcome simple employing and improved base substrate at the thermal expansivity of 200 ℃, although can solve glaze be full of cracks defective, can cause that glaze peels off, the frightened problem that bursts of product wind.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, raw material Composition Mechanism of the present invention is described in detail:
The embodiment composition of raw materials sees Table 1:
The physicals of the fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body of porcelain sanitary ceramic body and the various embodiments described above of the present invention sees Table 3:
As can be seen from Table 3, the contraction of all embodiment base substrates of the present invention, distortion are all well below the porcelain sanitary ceramic body.The wollastonite content of embodiment 1 is lower, and sparse crackle appears in glaze; The increase of wollastonite content in embodiment 2,3 glaze, glaze is without crack performance.Sparse crackle appears in embodiment 4 glazes, and embodiment 5 is more than the wollastonite content of embodiment 4, and embodiment 5 is without crack performance; This shows the increase along with wollastonite content, and glaze freedom from cracking ability strengthens.
Embodiment 3 compares with 2, and wollastonite content increases, although the freedom from cracking ability improves, burns till folding strength and descends; As seen within wollastonite content must be controlled at rational scope.
Embodiment 2 is identical with the wollastonite content of embodiment 4, but the kaolinite of embodiment 4 and quartz content are less, and the content of calcined kaolin is more, the SiO in the chemical constitution that causes filling a prescription
2Content reduces, Al
2O
3Content increases, and the thermal expansivity of 200 ℃ is reduced, and causes the suffered stress of glaze of embodiment 4 base substrates to reduce, so sparse crackle appears in glaze.This shows along with high SiO in formula
2The kaolinite of content and quartzy minimizing, corresponding high Al
2O
3The increase of the calcined kaolin of content, the freedom from cracking ability of base substrate descends; Therefore glaze freedom from cracking ability to be improved, quartzy contour SiO will be increased
2The raw material of content.
The glaze of embodiment 6 and embodiment 2 base substrates is all without crack performance, but the feldspar content of embodiment 6 increases, and the water-intake rate of base substrate descended, burn till folding strength and improve, and also makes the burning till contractions, always shrink of base substrate, significantly increase of distortion simultaneously; Therefore for take into account water-intake rate, burn till folding strength and contraction, the balance of distortion, within the content of feldspar need be controlled at rational scope, with less than the 5(mass parts) be advisable.
Embodiment 7 compares with embodiment 2, and the content of ball clay significantly increases, and is that the dry tenacity of base substrate significantly improves, and this is conducive to reduce the cracking of molding blank; But simultaneously the absorption slip rate of base substrate is significantly descended, this meeting significant prolongation slip casting workman's operating time, reduce production efficiency, and shorten slip casting model work-ing life, therefore, within the content of ball clay should be controlled at rational scope, with less than the 30(mass parts) be advisable.
The property indices of embodiment 8 is all comparatively desirable, is the preferred version of fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body formula of the present invention.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, x-ray diffractometer carries out the XRD analysis comparison to the base substrate mineral composition of porcelain sanitary ceramic body and embodiment 8 and can find out and know, the quartz of embodiment 8 base substrates, mullite crystal content all significantly increase than porcelain base substrate, amount of glassy phase significantly reduces, and this is that fine pottery matter base substrate has the basic reason far below porcelain blank deformation degree.As shown in Figure 2, embodiment 8 base substrates have produced the lime feldspar crystalline phase, show that the wollastonite in blank reacts with potassium felspar sand or albite in high-temperature sintering process, a part forms lime feldspar, a part forms the lime glass phase, and crystal has lower surface energy than glass, and wet swelling does not occur.Anorthitic generation is conducive to reduce the wet swelling rate of base substrate, and the glassy phase of calcic has higher chemical stability than alkali metal containing glassy phase, is difficult for being analysed by water-soluble, and wet swelling is low.Therefore, introduce wollastonite in blank, can reduce the wet swelling rate of base substrate, guaranteed the freedom from cracking ability of glaze.
The manufacture method of fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body of the present invention comprises that raw material takes, slurrying, injection forming, demoulding drying and other steps.
In the slurrying step, will add according to the raw material that formula ratio takes entry, ionogen, account for 6-10% in grinding in ball grinder to 350 mesh screen residue fineness; Sieve, deironing, old, adjust mud property to suitable, be prepared into injection forming mud, mud processability processing parameter sees Table 4.
Compared with prior art, the main difference of the present invention is that the particle fineness of mud wants thin a lot.The granularity of mud is more tiny, and reactive behavior is higher, and this shifts to an earlier date the pyrolysis process of the impurity that causes the glaze pin hole, namely fully decomposes discharge before the glaze melting, thereby can significantly reduce the generation of glaze needle pore defect.Due to product glaze needle pore defect seldom, need not to reduce pin hole with cosmetic soil, simplified production technique, eliminated because using the improper defectives such as crawling that cause of cosmetic soil, improved production efficiency and product percent of pass.Prior art is because the particle of ceramic mud is thick, impurity still continues a large amount of volatilizations and overflows after the glaze melting, stay needle pore defect on glaze layer surface after cooling, therefore need to use cosmetic soil to suppress the volatilization of detrimental impurity gas to reduce pin hole between base substrate and glaze layer, although reduced like this needle pore defect, but increase the complicacy of technique, not only increased production cost, and increased the incidence of other defectives such as crawling.
The mud of adjusting performance is injected plaster mold or the resin mould of required product, adopt plaster mold slip casting between 60 ~ 90 minutes, adopt the demoulding after 30 ~ 60 minutes of resin mould high-pressure slip-casting.Sample after the demoulding is dry 12h under the environment of 30-50 ℃ first, and then puts into electrically heated drying cabinet, dry 12h under 105 ~ 110 ℃; Product after the demoulding is placed on carries out drying in kiln, according to humiture curve controlled drying temperature and humidity, high dry temperature is generally less than 80 ℃, and humidity is less than 90%.
Fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body of the present invention adopts craft or mechanical manipulator method, performance is adjusted suitable glaze slip be sprayed at billet surface, and glaze layer total thickness is 0.4 ~ 1.0mm.The suitable physicals of described glaze slip sees Table 5.
The sample of dried glazing and product are placed in tunnel furnace or shuttle kiln burn till sanitary ware, calcining system is as follows: firing period is 16 ~ 21h, and maximum sintering temperature is 1200 ~ 1250 ℃, and soaking time is 30 ~ 60min, oxidizing atmosphere.
Claims (4)
1. fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body manufacture method, it comprises that raw material takes, slurrying, injection forming, the demoulding are dry, it is characterized in that, described blank raw material comprises the material of following mass parts: ball clay 10-30, kaolin 20-35, china clay 5-15, quartzy 5-15, calcined kaolin 10-25, wollastonite 5-15; The main technologic parameters of described slurrying step is as follows: concentration of hydraulic mixture 360-380g/200ml, fineness is 350 mesh screen residue 6-10%, absorption slip rate 5-6.5mm/45min, mobility V
0Be 50-70s.
2. fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body manufacture method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described blank raw material adds the material of following mass parts: kaolinite 5-15, feldspar 2-5.
3. fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body manufacture method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described blank raw material is comprised of the material of following mass parts: ball clay 20, kaolin 20, china clay 15, quartz 10, calcined kaolin 17, wollastonite 10, kaolinite 5, feldspar 3.
4. a fine-pottery sanitary ceramic body, is characterized in that, described blank raw material is comprised of the material of following mass parts: ball clay 20, kaolin 20, china clay 15, quartz 10, calcined kaolin 17, wollastonite 10, kaolinite 5, feldspar 3.
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