CN101803680B - Slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed, application, producing method and equipment thereof - Google Patents
Slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed, application, producing method and equipment thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed. The pellet feed contains 9-15% of carbohydrate and 8-22% of grease. The puffing degree of the pellet feed is 1.1-1.25, and the volume mass is 380-420kg/m<3>. The pellet feed is a special feed with low sugar and high grease for artificial carnivorous fish culture. The invention also provides producing equipment and method of the pellet feed. The producing equipment comprises a crusher, a mixer, a quality controlling machine, a dual-screw puffing machine, a granulating machine, a dryer and the like which are sequentially connected. A screw assembly in the dual-screw puffing machine consists of a delivering area screw, a kneading area screw and a forming area screw. The invention can obviously enhance the quality of the fish, greatly reduce the generation of fatty liver in the fishes, and ensure the uniform size of the finished fishes.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fish meal technical field, be specially a kind of low sugar, high fat, the manufacturing process of slow sinking type puffing compound feed and used manufacturing equipment that predacious fish is cultured demand that satisfy.
Background technology
The culture fishery of China is occupied crucial status in national economy.Chinese have not only supported 22% of whole world population with 7% arable area, and use limited water surface area that the aquatic product protein source of high-quality low-cost is provided as compatriots and international community.
Predacious fish such as snakeheaded fish, black carp, perch, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, turbot, large yellow croaker etc. belong to high-end famous-brand and high-quality aquatic products, and be very popular, and economic worth is high, but it is also bigger to culture difficulty simultaneously.Propagate artificially generally with throwing and raise the ice fresh fish and the iced trash fish shrimp is main, have following subject matter:
(1) ice is bright to throw something and feed, wild fishes is main, and aquaculture model is extensive, and production cost is high.Because wild fishes output is limited, and very strong seasonality is arranged, particularly because the marine fishery resources that overfishing causes is deficient, the prolongation in annual closed fishing season, also when the river rises the boat goes up for the bright price of ice, and price fluctuation is big, has influence on the stable of aquaculture.And country prohibites the industry pattern of " breeding fish with fish " this excess waste resource.
(2) ice is bright, the wild fishes utilization rate is low, and its residual bait and fish excreta much are deposited at the bottom of the pond for a long time, and every autumn and winter, the ammonia nitrogen in pond and nitrous acid nitrogen is severe overweight all, is prone to form the breed object and catches an illness because of physique descends, and causes mortality.Simultaneously, the ice fresh fish is owing to the freshness reason, and the germ of carrying is many, and general conventional medicine is inoperative.In order to prevent the generation of fish disease, antibioticly use in a large number and abuse, the quality of marketable fish is descended, and influence health.
(3) because the defective of the digestive system of fish body own; Ice fresh fish in alimentary canal, fail catapepsis, just be excreted; Severe contamination water environment, make the serious eutrophication of breeding water body, the discharging of fish pond and cage culture have become the most directly pollution sources of each big river and lake.Especially in recent years Taihu Lake blue algae bloom incident has had a strong impact on along the schedule life of sticking with paste the people, receives the great attention of government.After taking place, incident has to ban the cage culture in Taihu Lake, and the not pond culture of supporting ring Tai Lake.
(4) because the coastal waters receives severe contamination, much ice fresh fish heavy metal of body severe overweight, culturing the fish cylinder accumulation, and then having a strong impact on health.In addition, mingle seriously, a lot of producers cover the stink after rotting in order to keep icing the freshness of fresh fish, before freezing, have added a large amount of anticorrisive agents, bring food security hidden danger.
This traditional aquaculture model has caused a series of problems such as resource, environment, disease and food security, has unsustainable property.At present, also the someone uses mixed feed in the predacious fish breeding process, and there is the common problem of the following aspects in the research and development of existing predacious fish perfect compound feed:
The first, predacious fish is generally liked the food live bait, and fights for when ingesting violent; Problems such as the inequality of ingesting causes individual difference big easily, and finished product fish specification is irregular, and commodity rate is low; One of solution route is the dynamically slow heavy pellet of exploitation simulation live bait, with the target that realizes that solid is ingested, improves efficiency of feed utilization to greatest extent; Reduce the wasting of resources, and help to reduce water pollution.
The second, predacious fish is low to the digestive utilization ratio of carbohydrate (sugar), and long-term accumulation is prone to produce fatty liver, so should the strict content of controlling sugar in the feed formula.Simultaneously,, how under low sugar and cryogenic conditions, to produce the slow heavy feed of high-quality, technology, the technology and equipment of extrusion proposed great challenge in order to protect the activity of thermal sensitivity composition in the prescription.
The 3rd, culture the purpose that the object growth is fast, meat is good, the price of deed is high in order to reach, the manufacturing and the preservation difficulty thereof that are rich in the fatty high energy feed of high-quality are very big, need take the special technique means to ensure.
Because the restriction of production equipment and production technology, the content of carbohydrate is generally all more than 15% in the predacious fish perfect compound feed of prior art production at present, and content of oil and grease is between 5～10%, and such proportioning just can be processed floating forage.The volume mass of such feed is at 150～300kg/m
3, expansion is between 1.7～2.0.Its main technique condition is: add the water that accounts for material gross weight 19%～23% in the modified step, variable frequency regulating speed control is at 75S～200S, and refining temperature is controlled at 95～100 ℃; In the expanded step, selecting draw ratio (L/Ds) for use is the twin-screw Bulking Machine of 19.5: 1 or 13.5: 1, in 150 ℃ of high temperature puffings.Under above-mentioned modified and swelling temperature, make some the composition loss of activity in the material easily.And in case reduce the content of carbohydrate, will cause the heavy fast water of feed, and expansion is extremely unstable, and deformation rate increases, and product qualified rate reduces cost greatly, and output descends more than 30%, and energy consumption increases, the cost increase; Feed viscosity is poor simultaneously, and water stability descends, and destroys water quality easily and causes fish to fall ill.And the carbohydrate of high-load causes the fish body to generate fatty liver easily.
But so far, culturing high-quality demand, that can substitute traditional aquaculture model fully to predacious fish cooperates slow heavy feed not see as yet.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention will solve provides low sugar, high fat, the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed that a kind of suitable predacious fish is cultured demand, and the purposes of this kind feed, manufacturing approach and fabrication apparatus thereof.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention provides a kind of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed, and carbohydrate content is 9～15% in the prescription of this pellet, and fat content is 8～22%; The expansion of said pellet is 1.1～1.25, and volume mass is 380～420kg/m
3
Improvement as slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention: adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw when raising, water surface particle accounts for 5～25% in this pellet, and all the other are to be in below the water surface～suspended particulate in the water layer of the 80cm depth of water; Water surface particle is accomplished sinking in 5～10min, suspended particulate is accomplished sedimentation in 2～5min.
The present invention also provides the purposes of above-mentioned slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed simultaneously: for the predacious fish of low sugar, high fat is propagated special feed artificially.
The present invention also provides the manufacturing equipment of above-mentioned slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed simultaneously; Comprise the pulverizer, mixer, quality controling machine, twin-screw Bulking Machine, comminutor and the dryer that link to each other successively; Said twin-screw Bulking Machine comprises housing; On housing, be provided with cooling-water duct and steam channel, on housing, also be provided with the air vent with the housing intracavity inter-connection, in the inner chamber of housing, be provided with 2 groups with turn to, with the screw arbor assembly of rotating speed; Rotating shaft of suit in every group of screw arbor assembly, said rotating shaft links to each other with motor through gear-box; This screw arbor assembly is the assembled screw rod assembly, and draw ratio (L/Ds) is 19～20: 1, compression ratio (i)=2～3; According to the flow direction of material, every group of screw arbor assembly comprises following 3 part screw rods:
Feeding district screw rod is single rectangle screw rod;
Kneading district screw rod is a double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod; This root of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod and single rectangle screw rod directly equates, external diameter also equates; Between feeding district screw rod and kneading district screw rod, be provided with and shear chip module I;
The district's screw rod that is shaped is the taper engagement screws of double trapezoid screw thread, the root footpath of initial footpath=single rectangle screw rod of taper engagement screws, the external diameter of the initial external diameter of taper engagement screws=single rectangle screw rod.
Improvement as the manufacturing equipment of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention: double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod comprises double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III and the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV that is arranged in order;
Between single rectangle screw rod and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I, be provided with and shear chip module I; Between double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III, be provided with and shear chip module II, shearing chip module III is set at double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV;
The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I does not have the gap with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II and links to each other;
The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV does not have the gap with the screw thread top of taper engagement screws and links to each other.
Further improvement as the manufacturing equipment of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention: double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III and taper engagement screws are: on screw thread, be provided with the mesh groove of the degree of depth until core diameter of thread, 2 mesh grooves evenly are set on a circumference;
Shearing chip module I comprises 3 shearing sheet Ia that are arranged in order, shears sheet Ib and shears sheet Ic; Shearing sheet Ia, shearing sheet Ib and shearing sheet Ic are the identical ellipse of profile, are respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance I in the left side of shearing sheet Ia, shearing sheet Ib and shearing sheet Ic; Shear sheet Ia, shear sheet Ib and shear the axial line of sheet Ic between adjacent and become 90 ° angle; The major diameter top of shearing sheet Ia becomes 60 ° angle with single rectangle screw flight tail end; The major diameter top of shearing sheet Ic becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I;
Shearing chip module II comprises 3 shearing sheet II a that are arranged in order, shears sheet II b and shears sheet II c; Shearing sheet II a, shearing sheet IIb and shearing sheet II c is outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a; Left side shearing sheet IIa, shear sheet IIb and shearing sheet II c is respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance II (crashproof protuberance II's is outer just as crashproof protuberance I), shears sheet IIa, shears sheet IIb and shear the axial line of sheet II c between adjacent and become 45 ° angle; The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIa becomes 60 ° angle with the screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II; The major diameter top of shearing sheet II c becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III;
Shearing chip module III comprises 3 shearing sheet IIIa that are arranged in order, shears sheet IIIb and shears sheet IIIc; Shearing sheet IIIa, shearing sheet IIIb and shearing sheet IIIc is outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a; Left side shearing sheet IIIa, shear sheet IIIb and shearing sheet IIIc is respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance III (crashproof protuberance III's is outer just as crashproof protuberance I), shears sheet IIIa, shears sheet IIIb and shear the axial line of sheet IIIc between adjacent and become 45 ° angle; The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIIa becomes 60 ° angle with the screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III; The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIIc becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV.
Further improvement as the manufacturing equipment of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention: shear the external diameter of major diameter=single rectangle screw rod of sheet I a, shear the root footpath of minor axis=single rectangle screw rod of sheet I a;
Single rectangle screw flight top of 2 groups of screw arbor assemblies differs 30 °.
The present invention also provides the manufacturing approach of above-mentioned slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed simultaneously, comprises batching, pulverizing, mixing, modified, expanded, granulation and oven dry; It is characterized in that:
Said batching step is:
Contain 9～15% carbohydrate and 8～22% grease in the prescription; This percentage is weight percentage;
Said bulking process parameter is:
50～80 ℃ of the heating temperature of material after modified in Builking cavity; The rotating speed of screw arbor assembly is 50～350rpm/min.
Improvement as the manufacturing approach of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention: contain 10～22% grease in the optimization formula, contain 20～22% grease in the special optimization formula.
In the present invention, pulverising step requires to reach: at least 99.5% material can be crossed 80 mesh sieves, and at least 97% material can be crossed 100 mesh sieves, and at least 90% material can be crossed 160 mesh sieves; In modified step, add the water that accounts for material gross weight 23%～26%, refining temperature is 75 ℃～85 ℃; In expanded step, the rotating speed of screw arbor assembly is preferably 150～250rpm/min.
According to the pellet of manufacturing approach gained of the present invention, the volume mass of particulate material is at 380～420kg/m
3, between the expansion 1.1～1.25.When using the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed, water surface particle (accounting for 5～25%) was accomplished sinkings in 5～10 minutes, suspended particulate (account for 75～95%, be in the water surface following～water layer of 80cm in) slow sedimentation in 2～5 minutes, can reach the effect that solid is ingested.
The manufacturing equipment of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of the present invention owing to improved the screw arbor assembly in the twin-screw Bulking Machine, has particularly been set up the shearing chip module, therefore can be used for production low sugar, high fat, slow sinking type puffing mixed feed.
Adopt the pellet feeding predacious fish of gained of the present invention, compare, have following advantage with existing feed:
(1) low sugar of the present invention, high fat, slow sinking type puffing mixed feed have satisfied the custom of ingesting, nutritional need of predacious fishes such as snakeheaded fish, black carp, perch, yellow croaker, Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the requirement that cleans ecologic breeding admirably; Ingest fully; Reduced feed waste; Reduced nitrogen, phosphorus discharging, helped protecting water body, alleviated the pollution of aquaculture environment.
Under the present invention lower refining temperature and swelling temperature, can avoid some the composition loss of activity in the material.
(2) digestion, good absorbing, fast growth, the price of deed is high, and production cost reduces.
(3) balanced in nutrition, delicious meat, edible safety.In addition, adopt machinery to throw and raise, saving of labor, laborsaving, finished product fish neat specification, the listing rate improves greatly.Economy of the present invention, society, environment and ecological benefits are very significantly.
(4) compare with the predacious fish of feeding ice fresh fish shrimp gained: improve gained fish quality, can not produce the problem that feeding ice fresh fish shrimp is caused simultaneously; Compare with the feed of the conventional Hi CHO content of feeding, significantly improved the quality of fish, greatly reduce the generation of fish body fat liver, and can guarantee the neat specification of finished product fish.
Description of drawings
Do further explain below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing specific embodiments of the invention.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the twin-screw Bulking Machine in the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed manufacturing equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the sketch map of the shearing chip module I 2 among Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the shearing sheet I a21 and the relative position relation figure (Fig. 2 looks gained in a left side) that shears sheet I b22 among Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 be among Fig. 2 shearing sheet I b22 with shear sheet I c23 relative position relation figure (Fig. 2 remove and shear sheet I a21 after a left side look gained);
Fig. 5 is the single rectangle screw rod 5 and the relative position relation figure that shears sheet I a21 among Fig. 1;
Fig. 6 is shearing sheet I c23 and the relative position relation figure of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61 among Fig. 1;
Fig. 7 is the sketch map of the shearing chip module II 3 of Fig. 1;
Fig. 8 is shearing sheet II a31 and the relative position relation figure that shears sheet II b32 (Fig. 7 remove and shear sheet IIc33 after the right side look gained) among Fig. 7;
Fig. 9 is the shearing sheet II b32 and the relative position relation figure that shears sheet II c33 (Fig. 7 removes the shearing sheet IIa31 right side and looks gained) among Fig. 7;
Figure 10 is the screw thread sketch map of the single rectangle screw rod 5 among Fig. 1;
Figure 11 is the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw flight sketch map among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
The manufacturing equipment of embodiment 1, a kind of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed comprises the pulverizer, mixer, quality controling machine, twin-screw Bulking Machine, comminutor and the dryer that link to each other successively.Pulverizer, mixer, quality controling machine, comminutor and dryer are conventional equipment.
Twin-screw Bulking Machine comprises housing 1; On housing 1, be provided with cooling-water duct and steam channel; On housing 1, also be provided with the air vent with housing 1 intracavity inter-connection, in the inner chamber of housing 1, be provided with 2 groups with turn to, with the screw arbor assembly of rotating speed, orthohexagonal rotating shaft of suit in every group of screw arbor assembly; Rotating shaft and gear-box link, and gear-box and motor link.The volume of Builking cavity is 0.031m
3Centre-to-centre spacing=96mm between 2 rotating shafts.
Screw arbor assembly is the assembled screw rod assembly, and according to the flow direction of material, every group of screw arbor assembly comprises feeding district screw rod, kneading district's screw rod and district's this 3 part screw rod of screw rod that is shaped:
Feeding district screw rod: be single rectangle screw rod 5, promptly its screw thread is single rectangular thread, and is shown in figure 10; Root footpath=78mm, external diameter=118mm, the length=810mm of single rectangle screw rod 5, the top width K=8.7mm of this rectangular thread, pitch=105mm.
The screw thread top of single rectangle screw rod 5 of 2 groups of screw arbor assemblies differs 30 ° (promptly the screw thread top of single rectangle screw rod 5 of 2 groups of screw arbor assemblies becomes 30 ° angle at circumferencial direction) in a circumferential direction.
Kneading district screw rod: be double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod, comprise the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 and the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64 that link to each other successively.The characteristic of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64 is: root footpath all=78mm, external diameter all=118mm; Pitch (between two trapezoidal threads) all=51mm; Two trapezoidal threads are identical; Top width k all=7.8mm, the inclination angle all=75 °, shown in figure 11.
On the screw thread of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62, be provided with the mesh groove 621 of the degree of depth until core diameter of thread, the L of width up and down of this mesh groove 621 is consistent, is 30mm; On a circumference (360 °), 2 mesh grooves 621 are set evenly.The start screw threads of initial mesh groove 621 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 differs 90 ° (are that initial mesh groove 621 on this double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 becomes 90 ° angle with start screw threads, are the angle of initial mesh groove 621 after promptly the angle of start screw threads rotates counterclockwise 90 °) at circumferencial direction on the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62.
Therefore, the initial mesh groove 621 on the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 of 2 groups of screw arbor assemblies differs 30 ° in a circumferential direction.
Equally, on the screw thread of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63, be provided with the mesh groove 631 of the degree of depth until core diameter of thread, the shape of this mesh groove 631 and set-up mode are with mesh groove 621.That is, the width up and down of this mesh groove 631 is consistent, is 30mm; On a circumference (360 °), 2 mesh grooves 631 are set evenly.The start screw threads that double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 goes up initial mesh groove 631 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 differs 90 ° at circumferencial direction.
The length of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 is 172.5mm; The length of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64 is 632.5mm.
Between single rectangle screw rod 5 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, be provided with and shear chip module I 2; The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61 and the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 do not have gap link to each other (phenomenon of rupture does not take place the screw thread that is connecting place, as the screw thread on same screw rod); Between double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63, be provided with and shear chip module II 3, between double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64, be provided with and shear chip module III4.Specific as follows:
Between single rectangle screw rod 5 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, be provided with and shear chip module I 2, shear chip module I
2 comprise 3 shearing sheet I a21 that are arranged in order, shear sheet I b22 and shear sheet I c23.Shearing sheet I a21, shearing sheet I b22 is the identical ellipse of profile with shearing sheet I c23, this oval-shaped major diameter=118mm, minor axis=78mm, thickness=17.6mm.Be respectively equipped with the crashproof protuberance I 24 of a circle in the left side of shearing sheet I a21, shearing sheet I b22 and shearing sheet I c23, diameter=70mm of this crashproof protuberance I 24, thickness=1.12mm.Shear sheet I a21 and be close to single rectangle screw rod 5, shear sheet I c23 and be close to double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61 through the crashproof protuberance I 24 that is positioned at its left side.Like Fig. 3 and shown in Figure 4, it is vertical each other with shearing sheet I b22 to shear sheet I a21, and it is vertical each other with shearing sheet I c23 to shear sheet I b22.The angle (promptly on circumference, differing from 60 °) of the major diameter top 211 of shearing sheet I a21 and 51 one-tenth 60 ° of the screw thread tail ends of single rectangle screw rod 5, as shown in Figure 5.The major diameter top 231 of shearing sheet I c23 becomes 0 ° angle (promptly overlapped on circumference) with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I 61, as shown in Figure 6.
Between double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63, be provided with and shear chip module II 3; Shearing chip module II 3 comprises 3 shearing sheet IIa31 that are arranged in order, shears sheet IIb32 and shears sheet II c33, shears sheet IIa31, shearing sheet IIb32 and shearing sheet II c33 and is outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a21.Be respectively equipped with the crashproof protuberance II 34 of a circle in the left side of shearing sheet IIa31, shearing sheet IIb32 and shearing sheet II c33, this crashproof protuberance II's 34 is outer just as crashproof protuberance I 24.Shear sheet II a31 and be close to double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62, shear sheet II c33 and be close to double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 through the crashproof protuberance II 34 that is positioned at its left side.Like Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9, shear sheet IIb32 and become 45 ° angle with the axial line of shearing sheet IIa31, shear sheet IIc33 and become 45 ° angle with the axial line of shearing sheet IIb32.The major diameter top of shearing sheet II a31 becomes 60 ° angle with the screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II 62; The major diameter top of shearing sheet II c33 becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63.
At double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63 and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64 shearing chip module III4 is set, shears chip module III4 and comprise 3 shearing sheet IIIa that are arranged in order, shear sheet IIIb shearing sheet IIIc; Shear sheet IIIa, shear sheet IIIb and shear sheet IIIc and be outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a21, and the axial line between adjacent becomes 45 ° angle (i.e. correlation between 3 be equal to shear sheet IIa31, shear sheet IIb32 and the shearing sheet IIc33 correlation between this); Shear the major diameter top of sheet IIIa and the screw thread tail end and the angle that becomes 60 ° of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III63; The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIIc becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64.
Material is compressed, integrates and shear in above-mentioned kneading district screw rod.
The district's screw rod that is shaped is the taper engagement screws 8 of double trapezoid screw thread; Length=the 172.5mm of taper engagement screws 8; Root footpath=the 78mm of top root footpath=single rectangle screw rod 5 of taper engagement screws 8, the external diameter=118mm of the top external diameter of taper engagement screws 8=single rectangle screw rod 5; The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV64 does not have the gap with the screw thread top of taper engagement screws 8 and links to each other.Terminal external diameter=the 84mm of taper engagement screws 8, terminal root footpath=44mm; Pitch (between two trapezoidal threads)=51mm; Two trapezoidal threads are identical, top width=5.4mm, inclination angle=75 °.
On the screw thread of taper engagement screws 8, be provided with the mesh groove 81 of the degree of depth until core diameter of thread, the width up and down of this mesh groove 81 is consistent, is 30mm; 2 mesh grooves 81 evenly are set on a circumference.Initial mesh groove 81 becomes 90 ° angle with the start screw threads of taper engagement screws 8 at circumferencial direction.
Material is compressed, integrates in above-mentioned shaping district screw rod; Thereby being in, material melts the state of rubbing.
Length/118mm=19.5 of L/Ds=(feeding district screw rod+kneading district screw rod+shaping district screw rod).
The compression ratio i=2.5 of above-mentioned twin-screw Bulking Machine.
Various compositions in following examples are the thing commonly used of making feed, all can obtain through commercial mode.
For example, the bamboo-leaves flavones preparation that bamboo-leaves flavones selects for use Hangzhou Youmeite Technology Co., Ltd. to produce, commodity " outstanding U.S. liver is safe " by name, general flavone content >=10%;
Fish meal is a Shanghai China border trade Co., Ltd imported fish meal;
Shrimp (crab) type processing byproduct is aquatic products processing factory of a Zhoushan fishery byproduct;
Fish oil is purchased in the feeding fish oil of Shanghai China border trade Co., Ltd's import fish oil or garden, Shandong fish oil company;
The compound multivitamin premix that vitamin and mineral substance premix can select for use Hangzhou Minshen Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. to produce;
Lecithin oil is a feed specialized soybean lecithin oil.
Embodiment 2, a kind of manufacturing approach that is used for the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of California perch, carry out following steps successively:
1) batching
Take by weighing fish meal 55%, shrimp (crab) type processing byproduct 8%, dregs of beans 8%, brewer's yeast 5%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.7%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 3.5%, Strong flour 8%, lecithin oil 2%, fish oil 8%, bamboo-leaves flavones 0.15% by weight percentage; Oriental wormwood 0.35%; Bluish dogbane 0.15%, radix bupleuri 0.15%.
Know through conventional test: the carbohydrate total has accounted for 10% in this California perch feed formula, and crude fat accounts for 18%.
Carbohydrate 10% mainly from Strong flour and dregs of beans, crude fat 18% mainly from fish meal and fish oil.
2) pulverize
Fish meal, shrimp (crab) type processing byproduct, dregs of beans, brewer's yeast, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin and mineral substance premix, Strong flour are carried out the first time mix, incorporation time was at 120～180 seconds; Pulverize then, make the material after the above-mentioned pulverizing can pass through 40～60 purpose screen clothes.
With the material after the above-mentioned pulverizing; Get into again in the vertical nothing sieve micronizer and carry out ultramicro grinding; Making the fineness of the material after the ultramicro grinding can reach 80 eye mesh screen percent of pass is that 99.5%, 100 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is that 97%, 160 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is 90%.
3) mix
With step 2) material after the ultramicro grinding of gained sends in the twin shaft paddle mixer with lecithin oil, fish oil, bamboo-leaves flavones, oriental wormwood, bluish dogbane and radix bupleuri, under the rotating speed of 210rpm/min, mixed 300 seconds.
4) modified
The material that mixes of step 3) gained is got in the twin shaft reducing differential speed type frequency conversion quality-adjusting device, add the water that accounts for above-mentioned material gross weight 23%, under the rotating speed of main shaft 240rpm/min, the control refining temperature is 85 ℃, and modulating time is 5 minutes.
5) expanded
Modified good material is got in the twin shaft bulking machine, and the rotating speed of control screw arbor assembly is 210rpm/min, and the heating temperature of material in Builking cavity is 50 ℃ of feeding zones, 60 ℃ in kneading district, 55 ℃ of shaping areas, and the flow velocity of material is 46.6kg/min.Thereby making volume mass behind gained expanded is 403.2 kilograms/cubic metre particle, and expansion is 1.2.
6) granulation
With above-mentioned steps 5) the expanded material of gained processes the pellet that granularity is diameter 6mm.
7) oven dry
Adopt horizontal in circulation four-layer network belt drying baker, with above-mentioned steps 6) pellet of gained is at 80 ℃ of oven dry 45min, thereby the moisture content difference of finished product material is in 0.5%.
8) oil spout, cooling, packing
Again according to common process at pellet injector surface (oil with common edible), be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get and delay heavy feed; Pack at last.
Adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed in the California perch pellet of the foregoing description 2 gained.Bait throwing in is behind the water surface, and water surface particle (accounting for 15%) was accomplished sinking in 5～10 minutes, and slowly sedimentation in the suspended particulate (account for 85%, be in the water layer of underwater～80cm) 2～5 minutes has reached three-dimensional effect of ingesting.
Experiment 1, culture efficiency
Playing in Deqing county clock Guan Zhen California perch on June 1st, 2009 cultures the demonstration base and has carried out 5 months culture experiment by a definite date; With industry general formulation and the general expanded preparation technology of industry and prescription of the present invention and the expanded preparation technology of the present invention; Prepare four groups of contrast feeds and divide 10 parallel laboratory test pond contrasts, every group of feed divides two pool cultivated experiments.Specific as follows:
The general preparation technology's group of industry general formulation+industry is made as test A group (being commercially available regular convention formula feed);
Industry general formulation+machine of the present invention and preparation technology's group are made as test B group;
The general preparation technology's group of the present invention's prescription+industry is made as test C group;
The present invention's prescription+machine of the present invention and preparation technology's group are made as test D group (being embodiment 2);
The bright contrast groups of culturing of ice.
In conjunction with practical condition prepared parameter and formulation parameter being carried out accommodation is as the criterion can produce satisfactory feed.
Industry general formulation: fish meal 60%, shrimp (crab) type processing byproduct 2%, dregs of beans 5%, brewer's yeast 3%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 3.5%, flour 20%, lecithin oil 1%, fish oil 3%, bamboo-leaves flavones 0.15%; Oriental wormwood 0.45%; Bluish dogbane 0.2%, radix bupleuri 0.2%.
Through conventional test, carbohydrate content 19.7% in this feed formula, and crude fat content is 9.8%.
A group particle 99% is suspended in the water surface, does not sink more than 8 hours.More than when B group particle 70% is suspended in the water surface 4,30% particle sinks about 1 hour fast.C group particle 90% sank at 30 seconds fast, and 10% particle sank in 5 minutes fast.All do not meet the requirement of slow heavy feed.
Best feeding rate of the present invention, below six liang less than being 1% more than 1.5%, six liang, on average less than 1.2%.
Result's invention: rising on the same day under the prerequisite of catching; After using the slow heavy expanded pellet diet (embodiment 2) of California of the present invention perch; Initial body weight is that the California perch about 200 grams rose November 15 and catches weight and can reach 820 grams, and feed coefficient 1: 1 is through dissecting; The liver organization normal health, concrete data are as shown in table 1 below:
Table 1
| A | 1.8 | 79 | 4.3 | 35 | Distortion | Very |
| B | 1.4 | 92 | 3.7 | 26 | The part distortion | Very |
| C | 1.5 | 88 | 2.9 | 9 | The part distortion | Very |
| D (embodiment 2) | 1.1 | 97 | 1.45 | 2 | Well | Excellent |
| The bright contrast of ice | 5.0 | 91 | 12.6 | 6.0 | Normally | Difference |
Embodiment 3, a kind of manufacturing approach that is used for the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of snakeheaded fish, carry out following steps successively:
1) batching
Take by weighing fish meal 58% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 12%, brewer's yeast 4%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 4%, Strong flour 8.5%, lecithin oil 2.5%, fish oil 7.5%, Chinese herb feed additive 2%.
Through test, the carbohydrate total occupies 13% in this snakehead feed prescription, and crude fat accounts for 16.5%.
2) pulverize
Fish meal, dregs of beans, brewer's yeast, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin and mineral substance premix, Strong flour are carried out the first time mix, incorporation time is 120～180 seconds, pulverizes then, makes it can pass through 40～60 purpose screen clothes;
With the material after the above-mentioned pulverizing; Get into again in the vertical nothing sieve micronizer and carry out ultramicro grinding; Making the fineness of the material after the ultramicro grinding can reach 80 eye mesh screen percent of pass is that 99.5%, 100 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is that 97%, 160 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is 90%.
3) mix
With step 2) material after the ultramicro grinding of gained sends in the twin shaft paddle mixer with lecithin oil, fish oil, Chinese herb feed additive, under the rotating speed of 210rpm/min, mixed 300 seconds.
4) modified
The material that mixes of step 3) gained is got in the twin shaft reducing differential speed type frequency conversion quality-adjusting device, add the water that accounts for above-mentioned material gross weight 26%, under the rotating speed of main shaft 240rpm/min, the control refining temperature is 75 ℃, and modulating time is 5 minutes.
5) expanded
Modified good material is got in the twin shaft bulking machine, and the rotating speed of control screw arbor assembly is 210rpm/min, and the heating temperature of material in Builking cavity is 50 ℃ of feeding zones, 80 ℃ of kneading sections, 75 ℃ of shaping areas, and the flow velocity of material is 46.6kg/min.Thereby making volume mass behind gained expanded is 420 kilograms/cubic metre particle, and expansion gets final product 1.25.
6) granulation
With above-mentioned steps 5) the expanded material of gained processes the pellet that granularity is diameter 6mm;
7) oven dry
Adopt horizontal in circulation four-layer network belt drying baker, with above-mentioned steps 6) pellet of gained is at 70 ℃ of oven dry 35min, thereby the moisture content difference of finished product material is in 0.5%;
8) oil spout, cooling, packing
Again according to common process at pellet injector surface (oil with common edible), be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get and delay heavy feed; Pack at last.
Adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed in the snakeheaded fish pellet of the foregoing description 3 gained.Bait throwing in is behind the water surface, and water surface particle (accounting for 19%) was accomplished sinking in 5～10 minutes, and slowly sedimentation in the suspended particulate (account for 81%, be in the water layer of underwater～80cm) 2～5 minutes has reached three-dimensional effect of ingesting.
Experiment 2
Playing in the Yuhang District Renhe Town cloud on April 12nd, 2009 can snakeheaded fish culture the demonstration base and carry out 5 months culture experiment by a definite date; With industry general formulation and the general expanded preparation technology of industry and prescription of the present invention and the expanded preparation technology of the present invention; Prepare four groups of contrast feeds and divide 10 parallel laboratory test pond contrasts, every group of feed divides two pool cultivated experiments.Specific as follows:
The general preparation technology's group of industry general formulation+industry is made as test A group (being commercially available regular convention formula feed);
Industry general formulation+machine of the present invention and preparation technology's group are made as test B group;
The general preparation technology's group of the present invention's prescription+industry is made as test C group;
The present invention's prescription+machine of the present invention and preparation technology's group are made as test D group (embodiment 3);
The bright contrast groups of culturing of ice.
In conjunction with practical condition the satisfactory feed of producing that prepared parameter and formulation parameter carry out accommodation is as the criterion.
Industry general formulation: fish meal 62%, dregs of beans 5%, brewer's yeast 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 4%, flour 20%, lecithin oil 1%, fish oil 2.5%, Chinese herb feed additive 2%.Through test, carbohydrate content adds up to 20.5% in this feed formula, and crude fat content is 9.5%.
A group particle 99% is suspended in the water surface and does not sink more than 8 hours.More than when B group particle 70% is suspended in the water surface 4,30% particle sinks about 1 hour fast.C group particle 90% sank at 30 seconds fast, and 10% particle sank in 5 minutes fast.All do not meet the requirement of slow heavy feed.
Best feeding rate of the present invention is: below eight liang less than being 1% more than 1.3%, eight liang, on average less than 1.2%.
The result finds, is rising on the same day under the prerequisite of catching, use the slow heavy expanded pellet diet (embodiment 3) of snakeheaded fish of the present invention after, initial body weight is the snakeheaded fish about 100 grams, rises October 16 and catches weight and can reach 250 grams; Feed coefficient 0.95; Through dissecting the liver organization normal health.Concrete data are as shown in table 2 below.
Table 2
Embodiment 4, a kind of manufacturing approach that is used for the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco, carry out following steps successively:
1) batching
Take by weighing fish meal 45% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 10%, the dish dregs of rice 10%, brewer's yeast 3%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 4%, Strong flour 9%, alphalise starch 5%; Cuttlefish cream (oily) 1.5%, lecithin oil 2%, fish oil 8%, plant extract immunopotentiator 1%.
Through conventional test, the carbohydrate total has accounted for 14% in this yellow-head catfish feed prescription, and crude fat accounts for 16%.
2) pulverize
Fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, brewer's yeast, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin and mineral substance premix, Strong flour, alphalise starch are carried out the first time mix, incorporation time was pulverized at 120～180 seconds then, made it can pass through 40～60 purpose screen clothes.
With the material after the above-mentioned pulverizing; Get into again in the vertical nothing sieve micronizer and carry out ultramicro grinding; Making the fineness of the material after the ultramicro grinding can reach 80 eye mesh screen percent of pass is that 99.5%, 100 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is that 97%, 160 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is 90%.
3) mix
With step 2) material after the ultramicro grinding of gained sends in the twin shaft paddle mixer with cuttlefish cream (oily), lecithin oil, fish oil and plant extract immunopotentiator, at 210rpm/min, mixed 300 seconds.
4) modified
The material that mixes of step 3) gained is got in the twin shaft reducing differential speed type frequency conversion quality-adjusting device, add the water that accounts for above-mentioned material gross weight 24%, under the rotating speed of main shaft 240rpm/min, the control refining temperature is 75 ℃, and modulating time is 5 minutes.
5) expanded
Modified good material is got in the twin shaft bulking machine, and the rotating speed of control screw arbor assembly is 210rpm/min, and the heating temperature of material in Builking cavity is 50 ℃ of feeding zones, 80 ℃ of the gentle sections of closing, 75 ℃ of shaping areas, and the flow velocity of material is 46.6kg/min.Thereby making volume mass behind gained expanded is 420 kilograms/cubic metre particle, and expansion is 1.25.
6) granulation
With above-mentioned steps 5) the expanded material of gained processes the pellet that granularity is diameter 6mm;
7) oven dry
Adopt horizontal in circulation four-layer network belt drying baker, with above-mentioned steps 6) pellet of gained is at 70 ℃ of oven dry 35min, thereby the moisture content difference of finished product material is in 0.5%.
8) oil spout, cooling, packing
Again according to common process at pellet injector surface (oil with common edible), be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get and delay heavy feed; Pack at last.
The Pelteobagrus fulvidraco pellet of the foregoing description 4 gained is adopted the manual water surface in food platform top of throwing something and feeding.Bait throwing in is behind the water surface, and water surface particle (accounting for 20%) was accomplished sinking in 5～10 minutes, and slowly sedimentation in the suspended particulate (account for 80%, be in the water layer of underwater～80cm) 2～5 minutes has reached three-dimensional effect of ingesting.
Experiment 3
Rose on July 20th, 2008 in Hangzhou and must carry out four months culture experiment by a definite date in farm bloc special aquatic products ecologic breeding field; Divide commercially available common powdery yellow-head catfish feed and test group (embodiment 4) to compare test for each three groups; The result finds, is rising on the same day under the prerequisite of catching, use the slow heavy expanded pellet diet (embodiment 4) of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco of the present invention after; Initial body weight is the Pelteobagrus fulvidraco about 30 grams, rises November 20 and catches weight and can reach 200 grams; Feed coefficient 1.1; Through dissecting the liver organization normal health.Concrete data are as shown in table 3 below.
Table 3
Embodiment 5, a kind of manufacturing approach that is used for the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of black carp, carry out following steps successively:
1) batching
Take by weighing fish meal 35% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 15%, the dish dregs of rice 15%, powder of pork 2%, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2%; Vitamin and mineral substance premix 3%, Strong flour 10%, lecithin oil 2%, fish oil 1%; Soya-bean oil 1%, Chinese herb feed additive 4.5%, stone flour 5%, rice bran 4.5%.
The carbohydrate total has accounted for 15% in this black carp feed prescription, and crude fat accounts for 9%.
2) pulverize
Fish meal, dregs of beans, the dish dregs of rice, powder of pork, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin and mineral substance premix and Strong flour are carried out the mixing first time, and incorporation time was pulverized at 120～180 seconds then, made it can pass through 40～60 purpose screen clothes.
With the material after pulverizing, get into ultramicro grinding in the vertical nothing sieve micronizer again, making all the components fineness reach 80 eye mesh screen percent of pass is that 99.5%, 100 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is that 97%, 160 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is 90%.
3) mix
With step 2) material after the ultramicro grinding of gained is with lecithin oil, fish oil, soya-bean oil, Chinese herb feed additive, stone flour and rice bran are sent in the twin shaft paddle mixer, under the rotating speed of 210rpm/min, mixed 300 seconds.
4) modified
The material that mixes of step 3) gained is got in the twin shaft reducing differential speed type frequency conversion quality-adjusting device, add the water that accounts for above-mentioned material gross weight 25%, under the rotating speed of main shaft 240rpm/min, the control refining temperature is 75 ℃, and modulating time is 5 minutes.
5) expanded
Modified good material is got in the twin shaft bulking machine, and the rotating speed of control screw arbor assembly is 210rpm/min, and the heating temperature of material in Builking cavity is 50 ℃ of feeding zones, 80 ℃ of the gentle sections of closing, 75 ℃ of shaping areas, and the flow velocity of material is 46.6kg/min.Thereby making volume mass behind gained expanded is 420 kilograms/cubic metre particle, and expansion gets final product 1.25.
6) granulation
With above-mentioned steps 5) the expanded material of gained processes the pellet that granularity is diameter 6mm.
7) oven dry
Adopt horizontal in circulation four-layer network belt drying baker, with above-mentioned steps 6) pellet of gained is at 70 ℃ of oven dry 35min, thereby the moisture content difference of finished product material is in 0.5%.
8) oil spout, cooling, packing
Again according to common process at pellet injector surface (oil with common edible), be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get and delay heavy feed; Pack at last.
Adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed in above-mentioned black carp pellet.Bait throwing in is behind the water surface, and water surface particle (accounting for 25%) was accomplished sinking in 5～10 minutes, and slowly sedimentation in the suspended particulate (account for 75%, be in the water layer of underwater～80cm) 2～5 minutes has reached three-dimensional effect of ingesting.
Experiment 4
Playing in the Jiashan Hisoon black carp aquatic products specialty cooperative society on July 20th, 2009 flies fast demonstration base and has carried out 3 months culture experiment by a definite date; Branch plain particles feed, buoyancy expanding feed and test group (embodiment 5) compare test; The result finds, use the slow heavy expanded pellet diet of black carp of the present invention after, initial body weight is the black carp about 3000 grams; October 20 rise catch weight can reach 6750 the gram, feed coefficient 1.3; Through dissecting the liver organization normal health.Concrete data are as shown in table 4 below.
Table 4
Embodiment 6, a kind of manufacturing approach that is used for the slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of turbot, carry out following steps successively:
1) batching
Take by weighing fish meal 66% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 3%, squid visceral meal 2%, brewer's yeast 2%; Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%, vitamin and mineral substance premix 3%, Strong flour 3%, alphalise starch 5%; Lecithin oil 2.5%, fish oil 10%, Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator 2%.
Through test, the carbohydrate total has accounted for 9% in this turbot feed formula, and crude fat accounts for 20%.
2) pulverize
Fish meal, dregs of beans, squid visceral meal, brewer's yeast, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, vitamin and mineral substance premix, Strong flour, alphalise starch are carried out the first time to be mixed; Incorporation time was at 120～180 seconds; Pulverize then, make it can pass through 40～60 purpose screen clothes.
With the material after pulverizing, get into ultramicro grinding in the vertical nothing sieve micronizer again, making all the components fineness reach 80 eye mesh screen percent of pass is that 99.5%, 100 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is that 97%, 160 purpose screen cloth percent of pass is 90%.
3) mix
With step 2) material after the ultramicro grinding of gained is with lecithin oil, fish oil, Chinese herbal medicine immunopotentiator are sent in the twin shaft paddle mixer, under the rotating speed of 210rpm/min, mixed 300 seconds.
4) modified
The material that mixes of step 3) gained is got in the twin shaft reducing differential speed type frequency conversion quality-adjusting device, add the water that accounts for above-mentioned material gross weight 25%, under the rotating speed of main shaft 240rpm/min, the control refining temperature is 75 ℃, and modulating time is 5 minutes.
5) expanded
Modified good material is got in the twin shaft bulking machine, and the rotating speed of control screw arbor assembly is 210rpm/min, and the heating temperature of material in Builking cavity is 50 ℃ of feeding zones, 80 ℃ of the gentle sections of closing, 75 ℃ of shaping areas, and the flow velocity of material is 46.6kg/min.Thereby making volume mass behind gained expanded is 420 kilograms/cubic metre particle, and expansion is 1.25.
6) granulation
With above-mentioned steps 5) the expanded material of gained processes the pellet that granularity is diameter 6mm.
7) oven dry
Adopt horizontal in circulation four-layer network belt drying baker, with above-mentioned steps 6) pellet of gained is at 70 ℃ of oven dry 35min, thereby the moisture content difference of finished product material is in 0.5%.
8) oil spout, cooling, packing
Again according to common process at pellet injector surface (oil with common edible), be cooled to normal temperature, promptly get and delay heavy feed; Pack at last.
Adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw something and feed in above-mentioned turbot pellet.Bait throwing in is behind the water surface, and water surface particle (accounting for 11%) was accomplished sinking in 5～10 minutes, suspended particulate (account for 89%, be in below the water surface～water layer of 80cm in) slowly sedimentation in 2～5 minutes, reached three-dimensional effect of ingesting.
Experiment 5
On April 1st, 2009 to June 12, positive abundance of water produced the breed contrast that plant carried out 60 days by a definite date in the Qingdao; Commercially available common expanded pellet diet and test contrast each three groups of experiment of pond; The result finds, use the slow heavy expanded pellet diet of turbot of the present invention after, find that the liver and gall of test group are normally good than common material; And omnidistance no apocleisis, poor growth situation, bodily form body colour is no less than the fish under the wild state.
At last, it is also to be noted that what more than enumerate only is several specific embodiments of the present invention.Obviously, the invention is not restricted to above embodiment, many distortion can also be arranged.All distortion that those of ordinary skill in the art can directly derive or associate from content disclosed by the invention all should be thought protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the manufacturing equipment of a slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed; Comprise the pulverizer, mixer, quality controling machine, twin-screw Bulking Machine, comminutor and the dryer that link to each other successively; Said twin-screw Bulking Machine comprises housing (1); On housing (1), be provided with cooling-water duct and steam channel, on housing (1), also be provided with the air vent with housing (1) intracavity inter-connection, in the inner chamber of housing (1), be provided with 2 groups with turn to, with the screw arbor assembly of rotating speed; Rotating shaft of suit in every group of screw arbor assembly, said rotating shaft links to each other with motor through gear-box; It is characterized in that: said screw arbor assembly is the assembled screw rod assembly, and draw ratio (L/Ds) is 19～20: 1, compression ratio (i)=2～3; According to the flow direction of material, every group of screw arbor assembly comprises following 3 part screw rods:
Feeding district screw rod is single rectangle screw rod (5);
Kneading district screw rod is a double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod; This root of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod and single rectangle screw rod (5) directly equates, external diameter also equates; Between feeding district screw rod and kneading district screw rod, be provided with and shear chip module I (2);
The district's screw rod that is shaped is the taper engagement screws (8) of double trapezoid screw thread, the root footpath of initial footpath of said taper engagement screws (8)=single rectangle screw rod (5), the external diameter of the initial external diameter of taper engagement screws (8)=single rectangle screw rod (5);
Said double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod comprises double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I (61), double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II (62), double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63) and the double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV (64) that is arranged in order;
Between single rectangle screw rod (5) and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I (61), be provided with and shear chip module I (2); Between double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II (62) and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63), be provided with and shear chip module II (3), shearing chip module III (4) is set at double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63) and double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV (64);
The screw thread tail end of said double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I (61) does not have the gap with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II (62) and links to each other;
The screw thread tail end of said double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV (64) does not have the gap with the screw thread top of taper engagement screws (8) and links to each other;
Said double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II (62), double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63) and taper engagement screws (8) are: on screw thread, be provided with the mesh groove of the degree of depth until core diameter of thread, 2 mesh grooves evenly are set on a circumference;
Said shearing chip module I (2) comprises 3 shearing sheet I a (21) that are arranged in order, shears sheet I b (22) and shears sheet I c (23); Said shearing sheet I a (21), shearing sheet I b (22) are the identical ellipse of profile with shearing sheet I c (23), are respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance I (24) in the left side of shearing sheet I a (21), shearing sheet I b (22) and shearing sheet I c (23); Said shearing sheet I a (21), shear the axial line of sheet I b (22) between adjacent with shearing sheet I c (23) and become 90 ° angle; The screw thread tail end (51) of single rectangle screw rod (5) becomes 60 ° angle with the major diameter top (211) of shearing sheet I a (21); The major diameter top (231) of shearing sheet I c (23) becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod I (61);
Shearing chip module II (3) comprises 3 shearing sheet IIa (31) that are arranged in order, shears sheet IIb (32) and shears sheet IIc (33); Shearing sheet II a (31), shearing sheet II b (32) and shearing sheet II c (33) is outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a (21); Shearing sheet IIa (31), shearing sheet IIb (32) and be respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance II (34), shearing sheet II a (31), shear the axial line of sheet II b (32) between adjacent with shearing sheet II c (33) and become 45 ° angle with the left side of shearing sheet IIc (33); The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod II (62) becomes 60 ° angle with the major diameter top of shearing sheet II a (31); The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIc (33) becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63);
Shearing chip module III (4) comprises 3 shearing sheet IIIa that are arranged in order, shears sheet IIIb and shears sheet IIIc; Shearing sheet IIIa, shearing sheet IIIb and shearing sheet IIIc is outer just as the ellipse of shearing sheet I a (21); Left side shearing sheet IIIa, shear sheet IIIb and shearing sheet IIIc is respectively equipped with crashproof protuberance III, shears sheet IIIa, shears sheet IIIb and shear the axial line of sheet IIIc between adjacent and become 45 ° angle; The screw thread tail end of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod III (63) becomes 60 ° angle with the major diameter top of shearing sheet IIIa; The major diameter top of shearing sheet IIIc becomes 0 ° angle with the screw thread top of double trapezoid screw-threaded engagement screw rod IV (64).
2. slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed manufacturing equipment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the external diameter of the major diameter of said shearing sheet I a (21)=single rectangle screw rod (5), the root footpath of shearing minor axis=single rectangle screw rod (5) of sheet I a (21);
The screw thread top of single rectangle screw rod (5) of 2 groups of screw arbor assemblies differs 30 °.
3. utilize a kind of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed of manufacturing equipment manufacturing according to claim 1 or claim 2, it is characterized in that: carbohydrate content is 9～15% in the prescription of said pellet, and fat content is 8～22%; The expansion of said pellet is 1.1～1.25, and volume mass is 380～420kg/m
3
4. slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed according to claim 3 is characterized in that: adopt the bait throwing in machine to throw when raising, water surface particle accounts for 5～25% in this pellet, and all the other are the suspended particulate that is in the water surface to the water layer of the 80cm depth of water; Said water surface particle is accomplished sinking in 5～10min, suspended particulate is accomplished sedimentation in 2～5min.
5. like the purposes of claim 3 or 4 described slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feeds: for the predacious fish of low sugar, high fat is propagated special feed artificially.
6. like the manufacturing approach of claim 3 or 4 described slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feeds, comprise batching, pulverizing, mixing, modified, expanded, granulation and oven dry; It is characterized in that:
Said batching step is:
Contain 9～15% carbohydrate and 8～22% grease in the prescription; This percentage is weight percentage;
Said bulking process parameter is:
50～80 ℃ of the heating temperature of material after modified in Builking cavity; The rotating speed of screw arbor assembly is 50～350rpm.
7. the manufacturing approach of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed according to claim 6 is characterized in that: contain 10～22% grease in the said prescription.
8. the manufacturing approach of slow sinking type puffing aquatic product matched pellet feed according to claim 7 is characterized in that: contain 20～22% grease in the said prescription.
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