CN101799581A - Tunable dispersion compensator - Google Patents
Tunable dispersion compensator Download PDFInfo
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- CN101799581A CN101799581A CN200910312872A CN200910312872A CN101799581A CN 101799581 A CN101799581 A CN 101799581A CN 200910312872 A CN200910312872 A CN 200910312872A CN 200910312872 A CN200910312872 A CN 200910312872A CN 101799581 A CN101799581 A CN 101799581A
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- dispersion compensator
- tunable dispersion
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Abstract
The invention provides a tunable dispersion compensator. A cantilever beam and a bridge type flexible hinge displacement scaling mechanism are arranged in a tunable dispersion compensator shell in a connecting mode; an adjusting leading screw of the cantilever beam passes through one side of the tunable dispersion compensator shell and is connected to the free end of the cantilever beam in an adjustable mode; an adjusting leading screw of the bridge type flexible hinge displacement scaling mechanism passes through one side of the tunable dispersion compensator shell and is connected to a displacement input end of the bridge type flexible hinge displacement scaling mechanism in an adjustable mode; an optical fiber chirped grating is fixed on the surface of the cantilever beam; and a tail fiber of the optical fiber chirped grating passes through a via hole formed at the fixed end of the cantilever beam and a through hole formed on the tunable dispersion compensator shell and is discharged from the lateral direction of the tunable dispersion compensator shell. The tunable dispersion compensator adopts a cantilever beam dispersion regulating mechanism with equal cross section and is combined with the bridge type flexible hinge displacement scaling mechanism to compensate the changes of CFG operating wavelength caused by dispersion accommodation, and the bridge type flexible hinge displacement scaling mechanism, the cantilever beam and the shell cooperate with one another to compensate the changes of the CFG operating wavelength caused by the ambient temperature.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of compensator.Particularly relate to a kind of list/hyperchannel chromatic dispersion/dispersion slope compensation device, can carry out the Tunable Dispersion Compensator of dynamic dispersion compensation the high-speed optical signal of list/a plurality of passages of importing in the dense wavelength division multiplexing system based on chirped fiber grating.
Background technology
The attenuation of optical fiber and chromatic dispersion are the two big factors that the restriction light signal transmits in optical fiber.At present, the attenuation of optical fiber has obtained solution effectively by technology such as EDFA and Raman amplifiers.Along with the raising (10Gb/s or 40Gb/s) of light transmission speed and the prolongation of transmission range, fibre-optical dispersion but more and more causes people's attention to the restriction of light transmission.
Though existing now various fixed dispersion compensation method, in high-speed communication system and there are the following problems: owing to fibre-optical dispersion slope reason causes the difference of the chromatic dispersion semi-invariant of each channel, still exist residual dispersion at receiver end; The dispersion variation that causes owing to the variation of system running environment in addition can reduce the performance of system to a great extent.The optical device that only has chromatic dispersion dynamic adjustments function could solve top problem, and Tunable Dispersion Compensator becomes the device that high-speed communication system is badly in need of development.
A kind of effective scheme that optical fiber is carried out dispersion compensation is to adopt chirped fiber grating (CFG).Fiber grating has the special Wave guide structure, it is to bring out the fiber core refractive index by Ultra-Violet Laser to produce periodically-varied vertically, and the grating cycle of CFG, this phenomenon is called warbled along with axial location changes, by changing chirp value, the dispersion measure of CFG also changes.Based on the module of CFG have that volume is little, loss is low, be not subject to the nonlinear effect influence, with advantage such as polarization irrelevant.
Can be divided into two kinds on temperature field adjustment type and strain adjusted type based on the Tunable Dispersion Compensator of fiber grating according to regulative mode, change chirp value by thermograde or bending strain respectively, thereby reach the dispersion adjustment purpose.
That adopts the temperature field Principles of Regulation has United States Patent (USP) U.S.2003/0198434 A1 (Lachance et al.) and a U.S.Pat.No.6351385 (Amundsonet al.), it is inconsistent that thermograde causes that the grating each several part expands, and changed the distribution of warbling on the CFG.The former controls the temperature at CFG two ends respectively with two thermoelectric refrigerating unit (TEC), and when there was the temperature difference in two ends, heat can flow to low-temperature end formation temperature gradient by temperature end.The latter plates the metallic film of a layer thickness with the position gradual change on the CFG surface, guarantee that resistance and position are linear, and when the film two ends added voltage, thermal value and CFG axial location were also proportional, thus the formation temperature gradient.
Temperature field adjustment type device architecture is compact, is easy to realize, but also has some defectives, need preheating after powering on, tuned speed is very slow, does not have the latch function of chromatic dispersion and wavelength, power loss recovery can't be got back to the state before the power down automatically, and these shortcomings all can influence the application in real system.
The relative temperature field control, it is fast that strain adjusted has response speed, and the big characteristics of range of adjustment have electromagnetism stretching, the crooked scheme of semi-girder at present.United States Patent (USP) U.S.Pat.No.5812711 (Glass etal.) and U.S.Pat.No.6122421 (Adams etal.) just are based on electromagnetism stretching scheme, and the dispersion adjustment scope is bigger than semi-girder scheme, but device volume is excessive, the cost height.
The semi-girder scheme is the surface that CFG is fixed on the iso-cross-section beam, and when applying external force at free end and bend, the surface of semi-girder can produce linear deformation, thereby has changed the CFG period profile.Garthe etc. (Gartheet al. " Adjustable dispersion equalizer for 10 and 20Gbit/s over distance up to 160km ") have adopted this scheme successfully to carry out the 160km transmission experiment.It should be noted that this scheme regulating the spectrum work centre wavelength that has also changed simultaneously CFG to chromatic dispersion, and centre wavelength can change also and change with ambient temperature, these have all limited the application in the middle of actual.
United States Patent (USP) U.S.2004/0161197A1 (Pelletieret al.) has increased grating wavelength and has regulated and temperature compensation function on the basis of Garthe scheme, has increased the stability of work centre wavelength, and the practicality of device gets a promotion.But when carrying out the meticulous adjustment of CFG operation wavelength in the reality, grating length is adjusted precision must reach micron order, adopt thread mechanism compression CFG length to regulate wavelength in the patent, be actually and be beyond one's reach, and the idle motion between the screw thread makes reciprocal adjusting can bring bigger accumulation regulating error.Therefore this scheme does not have practicality.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is that a kind of Tunable Dispersion Compensator that can regulate chromatic dispersion and wavelength continuously based on the CFG chirped fiber grating is provided.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of Tunable Dispersion Compensator, include: semi-girder is regulated leading screw, chirped fiber grating, semi-girder and Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell, also have bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device to regulate leading screw, wherein, what described semi-girder was connected with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is arranged in the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell, described semi-girder is regulated the adjustable free end that is connected semi-girder of a side that leading screw runs through the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell, described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is regulated the adjustable displacement input end that is connected bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device of a side that leading screw runs through the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell, described chirped fiber grating is fixed in the surface of semi-girder, the chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber run through the via hole that is formed on the semi-girder stiff end and be formed on through hole on the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell from the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell side to fiber.
Described chirped fiber grating is to be fixed on the surface of semi-girder by the welding or the mode of bonding or mechanical compaction.
Described semi-girder and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device are that the mode by welding or bonding or mechanical compaction is connected.
Described through hole is an inclined hole, described chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber from the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell side to fiber at a certain angle.
Described semi-girder, Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device compress setting mutually.
Described semi-girder has uniform cross section, and the semi-girder surface has linear strain.
The temperature expansion coefficient of described semi-girder material therefor needs to be complementary with the temperature expansion coefficient of optical fiber chirp grating.
Described semi-girder and described Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell are made of low-expansion material, and described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is made of high-expansion material.
Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention, be to adopt uniform cantilever beam dispersion adjustment mechanism, in conjunction with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device the CFG operation wavelength variation that dispersion adjustment causes is compensated, bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device, semi-girder and shell cooperatively interact to change the CFG operation wavelength that environment temperature causes and compensate simultaneously.Have following characteristics:
1, chromatic dispersion, operation wavelength can latch under power-down conditions;
2, by of the drift of passive encapsulating structure compensated optical fiber chirp grating operation wavelength with environment temperature;
3, the operation wavelength of chirped fiber grating can be regulated with the pm class precision, good reproducibility, precision height;
4, the tuned speed of chromatic dispersion and operation wavelength is very fast;
5, Zhuan Zhi volume compact.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device structural representation;
Fig. 2 is the equivalent schematic diagram of bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device;
Fig. 3 is displacement scaling device displacement input/output relation figure;
Fig. 4 is a semi-girder adjustment structure synoptic diagram;
Fig. 5 is a structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the dispersion adjustment synoptic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the compensation synoptic diagram of the operation wavelength of compensator of the present invention with the environment temperature drift.
Wherein:
1: semi-girder is regulated leading screw 2: chirped fiber grating
3: semi-girder 4: the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell
5: bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 6: bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is regulated leading screw
7: chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber 8: through hole
9: via hole
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention is made a detailed description.
Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention is according to following principle design.When the uniform cantilever beam free end under extraneous power effect, strain can take place in the surface, calculates as can be known by the mechanics of materials, the chirped fiber grating that is rigidly fixed on the semi-girder also can produce corresponding strain.When extraneous power was no more than the elastic limit of material, the strain stress of any point and its had following linear relationship to stiff end apart from x on the semi-girder surface:
ε(P，x)＝zP(L-x)/EI
y (1)
Wherein z be the beam surface point to the neutral axis of the beam distance, L is the length of the free end of beam to stiff end, E is the Young's modulus of elasticity of material, I
yBe the moment of inertia of cross section about the y axle.
The chirped fiber grating that is fixed on the semi-girder surface is being followed semi-girder and is being produced linear stretching strain and compressive strain, introduced additional warbling, changed the period profile of grating, made the chromatic dispersion of chirped fiber grating that variation take place, the direction of the dispersion variation that stretching strain and compressive strain cause is opposite.
Uniform cantilever beam has not only changed chromatic dispersion in adjustment process, the work centre wavelength of chirped fiber grating is also corresponding, and change has taken place, and this is unallowed in actual applications.So the present invention adopts bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device to come axial compression or stretching semi-girder, make chirped fiber grating production homogeneous deformation, change the grating cycle, be used for the variation of compensated optical fiber chirp grating operation wavelength in the dispersion adjustment process.
As shown in Figure 5, Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention includes: semi-girder is regulated leading screw 1, chirped fiber grating 2, semi-girder 3, Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4, bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device and is regulated leading screw 6.Wherein, what described semi-girder 3 was connected with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 is arranged in the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4, specifically be described semi-girder 3 with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 is that mode by welding or bonding or mechanical compaction is connected.And described semi-girder 3, Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 compress setting mutually.The rear flank that described semi-girder adjusting leading screw 1 runs through Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 is by the adjustable free end that is connected semi-girder 3 of threaded hole, and described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is regulated leading screw 6 and run through a rear flank of Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 by the adjustable displacement input end that is connected bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 of threaded hole.
By adjusting the distance between semi-girder adjusting leading screw 1 and the bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device adjusting leading screw 6, make semi-girder 3 and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 remain impaction state in the course of the work.
As Fig. 4, shown in Figure 5, described chirped fiber grating 2 is fixed in the surface of semi-girder 3, and described chirped fiber grating 2 is to be fixed on the surface of semi-girder 3 by the welding or the mode of bonding or mechanical compaction.Described semi-girder 3 has uniform cross section, and the semi-girder surface has linear strain.Chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber fiber mode among the present invention is the side direction fiber, and chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber 7 runs through the via hole 9 that is formed on semi-girder 3 stiff ends and is formed on through hole 8 on the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 from Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 side direction fibers.Described through hole 8 is inclined holes, and described chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber 7 is from Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 side direction fiber at a certain angle.Chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber fiber mode among the present invention with respect to United States Patent (USP) U.S.2004/0161197 A1 propose directly to the fiber mode, the bending radius of optical fiber is big, the crooked added losses that bring have been reduced, and the space that the tail optical fiber of device occupies is littler, the device length direction can reduce 20mm at least, and volume can be compact more.
The temperature expansion coefficient of described semi-girder 3 material therefors needs to be complementary with the temperature expansion coefficient of optical fiber chirp grating 2.That is, described semi-girder 3 and described Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 are made of low-expansion material, and described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 is made of high-expansion material.
As shown in Figure 1, the bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device that is adopted in the Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention has no movement clearance, no hysterisis error and friction, the kinematic accuracy height, the theoretical resolution of regulating can reach the nm level, stroke is big, the good characteristics of the displacement input and output pantograph ratio linearity.
The present invention adopts the bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device compensated optical fiber chirp grating principle of work that operation wavelength changes in the dispersion adjustment process to specifically describe as follows: bridge-type flexible hinge displacement pantograph ratio is the tensible rigidity K by hinge
lWith rotation stiffness K
a, these parameters decisions of hinge spacing L and angle α, shown in Fig. 2 equivalent schematic diagram.Regulating these parameters can flexible design pantograph ratio Δ x/ Δ y.Displacement pantograph ratio and hinge parameters relationship are as follows:
The displacement output Δ x of bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device makes semi-girder produce deformation epsilon
x, because chirped fiber grating is to be rigidly fixed in the semi-girder surface, chirped fiber grating also produces deformation epsilon
xThe operation wavelength changes delta λ and the ε of chirped fiber grating
xHave following relation:
P wherein
eBe elasto-optical coefficient, λ is an operation wavelength.This shows that the displacement output Δ x of bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device will cause that the operation wavelength of chirped fiber grating changes.
Fig. 3 is that to adopt pantograph ratio be the displacement input/output relation figure of 0.1 bridge-type flexible hinge.Supposing that the input displacement resolution that leading screw is carried on the flexible hinge is 1um, is 100nm through output displacement resolution behind the convergent-divergent, and the chirped fiber grating operation wavelength is regulated resolution and is about 2pm.When the input displacement stroke was 3mm, corresponding chirped fiber grating operation wavelength range of adjustment was about 7nm.
Tunable Dispersion Compensator groundwork process of the present invention is: when light signal arrives chirped fiber grating 2 by 7 inputs of chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber, the diverse location of different wave length in the light signal in chirped fiber grating 2 reflects, make the delay difference of different wavelengths of light, the signal chromatic dispersion that reflects from chirped fiber grating 2 is compensated, finally once more by 7 outputs of chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber, chirped fiber grating 2 is fixed on the uniform cantilever beam surface to light signal.When needs carry out dispersion adjustment, to regulate leading screw 1 by semi-girder and drive the motion of semi-girder free end, crooked uniform cantilever beam changes the chirp value size of chirped fiber grating, thereby changes the chromatic dispersion size of chirped fiber grating.In conjunction with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device the chirped fiber grating operation wavelength variation that dispersion adjustment causes is compensated.
When ambient temperature changed, the operation wavelength of chirped fiber grating can produce drift, and the size of drift is about 10pm/ ℃.This wave length shift is unacceptable in actual applications, so need carry out temperature compensation to chirped fiber grating, reduces the operation wavelength drift that temperature causes in certain operating temperature range.The temperature compensation structure that bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device, semi-girder and the shell that the present invention adopts cooperatively interacts can also change compensating the chirped fiber grating operation wavelength that environment temperature causes.
Temperature compensation structure of the present invention is made up of semi-girder 3, Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4,5 three kinds of parts of bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device, and they adopt two kinds of different expansion coefficient materials, passes through the pressure pretension between three parts.Wherein: semi-girder 3, Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell 4 are made of low-expansion material, and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 is made of high-expansion material.
The concrete course of work of this temperature compensation structure is as follows: when the operation wavelength of chirped fiber grating raises along with temperature and when the long wave direction is drifted about, bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5 also can expand, semi-girder is produced compression deformation, the chirped fiber grating cycle that is fixed on the semi-girder can diminish, the corresponding meeting of operation wavelength is drifted about to the shortwave direction, length by appropriate design bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5, the swell increment size of control bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device 5, the operation wavelength drift that can the full remuneration temperature causes.
Fig. 7 is the operation wavelength temperature compensation synoptic diagram of Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention, as shown in the figure, in operating temperature range,-10 ℃～75 ℃, the operation wavelength drift is about 12pm, and the operation wavelength drift value that does not have temperature compensation function is about 850pm, and Tunable Dispersion Compensator operation wavelength drift value of the present invention is much smaller than the operation wavelength drift value that does not have temperature compensation function.
Tunable Dispersion Compensator of the present invention is applicable to single channel dispersion compensation and hyperchannel dispersion compensation simultaneously.
Claims (8)
1. Tunable Dispersion Compensator, include: semi-girder is regulated leading screw (1), chirped fiber grating (2), semi-girder (3) and Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4), it is characterized in that, also have bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device to regulate leading screw (6), wherein, what described semi-girder (3) was connected with bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) is arranged in the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4), described semi-girder is regulated the adjustable free end that is connected semi-girder (3) of a side that leading screw (1) runs through Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4), described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device is regulated the adjustable displacement input end that is connected bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) of a side that leading screw (6) runs through Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4), described chirped fiber grating (2) is fixed in the surface of semi-girder (3), and chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber (7) runs through the via hole (9) that is formed on semi-girder (3) stiff end and is formed on through hole (8) on the Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4) from Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4) side direction fiber.
2. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described chirped fiber grating (2) is to be fixed on the surface of semi-girder (3) by the welding or the mode of bonding or mechanical compaction.
3. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described semi-girder (3) and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) are that the mode by welding or bonding or mechanical compaction is connected.
4. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described through hole (8) is an inclined hole, and described chirped fiber grating tail optical fiber (7) is from Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4) side direction fiber at a certain angle.
5. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described semi-girder (3), Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4) and bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) compress setting mutually.
6. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described semi-girder (3) has uniform cross section, and the semi-girder surface has linear strain.
7. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the temperature expansion coefficient of described semi-girder (3) material therefor needs to be complementary with the temperature expansion coefficient of optical fiber chirp grating (2).
8. Tunable Dispersion Compensator according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described semi-girder (3) and described Tunable Dispersion Compensator shell (4) are made of low-expansion material, and described bridge-type flexible hinge displacement scaling device (5) is made of high-expansion material.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102506846A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Dispersion control method for zeeman laser gyroscope |
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| CN101582722B (en) * | 2009-06-26 | 2011-09-07 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Tunable chromatic dispersion compensation device based on chirp grating |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102506846A (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2012-06-20 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Dispersion control method for zeeman laser gyroscope |
| CN102506846B (en) * | 2011-09-29 | 2013-12-18 | 中国航空工业第六一八研究所 | Dispersion control method for zeeman laser gyroscope |
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