CN101798988A - Method and device for improving performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents
Method and device for improving performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and a device for improving performance of a resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, which belong to the fields of design, manufacture and application of wind turbines and are used for remarkably improving the pneumatic performance of the resistance-type wind turbine. The upwind side of the conventional resistance-type wind turbine is provided with an additional device capable of rotating along with the wind, the additional device is practically a contraction-expansion pipeline, and the inside at the throat of the pipeline is provided with an air suction port; and when the wind flows, a negative pressure area is formed at the air suction port due to the generated venturi effect to cause low pressure at the upwind side of the wind turbine and further greatly reduce the operating resistance thereof; and the rotating speed of the wind turbine is increased, and the torque thereof is improved, so the power coefficient of the wind turbine is remarkably improved. The device has the advantages of simple structure, low manufacturing cost and convenient implementation, can work more efficiently at the low wind speed area, can work safely under the condition of higher stop wind speed, and shows greater advantage in strong wind, so the annular power generation quantity is remarkably improved. Meanwhile, the wind turbine can be applied in ocean current and tide environments.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, it exactly is contrary wind side at common resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, by proper device is installed, the feasible resistance that reduces in the contrary wind side generation of rotor blade, to improve the aeroperformance of wind energy conversion system, belong to wind energy conversion system design, manufacturing and application.
Background technique
Wind energy is the most promising in the new energy, with fastest developing speed and ripe relatively one, but that the key factor of restriction wind energy development utilization is the cost and the price of wind-powered electricity generation is high.The main method one that reduces wind power cost is the power factor that significantly improves wind energy conversion system, thereby improves the annual electricity generating capacity of wind energy conversion system; The one, reduce the manufacturing and the maintenance cost of wind energy conversion system (complete machine and component) by fair means or foul.
The leading type of wind energy conversion system is a horizontal-shaft wind turbine at present, account for the market more than 95%, its technology is quite ripe, in general, at present the power factor Cp value of horizontal-shaft wind turbine can reach shellfish ideally now the limit (0.593) 80%, promptly about 0.45～0.50, the performance that further improve wind energy conversion system on this basis again is very difficult. Yet the Cp value of the vertical axis windmill of report is generally low than horizontal axis at present, and this mainly is because the aerodynamics of vertical axis windmill is more more complex than horizontal axis, so people also want the cause of much less relatively for the research of vertical axis windmill.But compare with horizontal-shaft wind turbine, vertical axis windmill but has outstanding advantage, mainly be simple in structure, cost is low, vertical axis windmill need not wind apparatus, thereby manufacturing and maintenance cost will further descend significantly.
Vertical axis windmill has two big classes, and the one, the lift-type wind energy conversion system, as the Darrieus wind energy conversion system, another is exactly a shaft resistance type windmill, as Savonius type wind energy conversion system.Yet its application that the lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system has had two big drawbacks limit, the one, its aerodynamic quality is lower, and the shortcoming of another " fatal " does not have " self-startup ability " exactly.Have good " self-startup ability " but shaft resistance type windmill is natural; If adopt this shaft resistance type windmill, solved a low problem of aerodynamic quality just with regard to only needing.But regrettably, theoretical proof has been arranged, the theoretical maximum Cp value of traditional vane formula S type wind energy conversion system has only 0.19, and the limit 0.593 is much lower now than the shellfish of horizontal-shaft wind turbine!
The Cp value of shaft resistance type windmill so low main cause is: met with huge resistance in the contrary wind side during wind energy conversion system operation; In order to reduce this resistance, people load onto abat-vent or barge board in the upstream of contrary wind side, have produced good effect; " guide vane " installed in the periphery of wind energy conversion system rotor again by TMA company afterwards, not only strengthened the wind speed of side with the wind to a certain extent, blocked the air-flow of side against the wind again, and make its blade back produce certain negative pressure in the contrary wind side, this has obviously reduced the resistance of wind energy conversion system, improved its power factor greatly, data says that its Cp value experiment has reached 0.50! And claim for the wind energy conversion system of this pattern of 1MW and almost be expected to reduce half than the size of the horizontal-shaft wind turbine of same power!
In fact, so the lift-type wind energy conversion system has higher efficient, what be its utilization is the lift of blade, i.e. pressure difference on blade pressure surface and the suction surface, or pressure energy; Resistance type then is the kinetic energy that directly utilizes wind. This point has the sailor who handles the sail experience that deep cognition is all arranged.Utilize the pressure could be much bigger compared with the potentiality of directly utilizing kinetic energy, it be the fundamental way that improves shaft resistance type windmill efficient that the pressure difference that makes full use of wind produces lift!
In addition, the lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system generally still has higher tip-speed ratio (3～5), and the tangential velocity of its blade generally can reach 40～50m/s; The tip-speed ratio of resistance type then is 1 to the maximum, in other words, the maximum tangential velocity of the blade of shaft resistance type windmill can not surpass wind speed, so it can be worked in high wind, this is the great advantage of shaft resistance type windmill just, and simultaneously consequent low noise also brings its another big advantage.In general, although the startup wind speed of various wind energy conversion systems has nothing in common with each other, generally all be 25m/s by wind speed; And the wind energy size is directly proportional with 3 powers of wind speed, in other words, we have only utilized the energy of low wind speed, and the considerable wind energy when having to abandon high wind, this for as the windy district at strong wind district such as Gansu, Xinjiang and sea be undoubtedly a kind of great waste! Then undoubted, adopting resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine in the strong wind district will be the selection of unique wisdom of future market if therefore can improve its power factor effectively!
After resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine improves performance, as minicomputer, promptly low noise emission product will become city roof and other optimal selection of using from the net type; Because machine gravity is very low, be more suitable for zooming into many megawatts large scale computer, then will be in windy district and marine wind field become the higher preferred type of cost performance; And in the strong wind district (particularly more than wind speed 25m/s multiple strong wind district), the Bai Lifeng district in Xinjiang, Gansu etc. for example, this machine will be could be efficiently, the unique selection of reliably working! Can expect,,, then may have the competitive ability of contending for markets on performance with horizontal-shaft wind turbine as long as can be suitable with the horizontal-shaft wind turbine performance just not saying vertical axis windmill surmounts!
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is the working mechanism of lift-type wind energy conversion system to be introduced in the resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine by a kind of method and apparatus, thereby reduce running resistance, improve its moment of rotation, with power factor or the output power that significantly improves resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions: in the contrary wind side of shaft resistance type windmill rotor 100, an additional device 200 is housed, form by import 3, outlet 9, outer side wall 4, contraction section madial wall 14, extending section madial wall 15, upper end wall 11, lower end wall 12, constricted channel 5, venturi 6, expanding channel 8 and intakeport 7, when wind 2 is blown into import 3 and from exporting 9 when flowing out, form negative pressure at venturi 6 and intakeport 7 places, significantly reduce the rotational resistance of wind energy conversion system, thereby improved the power factor and the output power of wind energy conversion system greatly.Be exactly in particular, the import 3 of said additional device just covers the whole contrary wind side of wind energy conversion system rotor, and its Extreme breadth is 1.03～1.30 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The width of the venturi 6 of additional device is 0.02～0.25 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor.The ratio of the pneumatic entrance width of additional device and the width of venturi 6, promptly contraction ratio is 1.5～20; Intakeport 7 is a symmetry about venturi 6 cross sections, and its width is 0.02～0.15 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor, and its height is 0.50～1.10 with the ratio of the height of wind energy conversion system rotor; The angle of flare of the expanding channel 8 of additional device is 0 °～25 °; The height of additional device is 1.0～1.3 with the ratio of the height of rotor; The contraction section madial wall of additional device is a circular arc, and can rotate with the wind energy conversion system rotor coaxial, and to guarantee aiming at wind direction at any time, its radius is 1.01～1.10 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The structure of wind energy conversion system rotor can be individual layer, multilayer or spiral; The outer side wall of the expanding channel 8 of additional device and extending section madial wall can be straight, also can be to wind-force machine rotor one lateral bending song, and its vertical width is 0.7～1.3 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor.
The difference that the present invention is compared with prior art basic is that the present invention combines lift-type and shaft resistance type windmill advantage separately effectively, has both reduced the startup wind speed of shaft resistance type windmill, has significantly improved its aerodynamic quality again; Can be suitable for more effectively working in low wind speed district, again can be in higher high efficiency work under wind speed, thus in high wind, show incomparable advantage.The present invention is simple in structure, and low cost of manufacture is implemented more conveniently, and effect is more stable, thereby makes cost of electricity-generating obviously reduce.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiment and accompanying drawing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the typical three-dimensional structure schematic representation in conjunction with wind energy conversion system of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the three-dimensional structure schematic representation of additional device of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the typical structure schematic representation in conjunction with wind energy conversion system of the present invention cross section.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation in one embodiment of the present of invention cross section.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation in an alternative embodiment of the invention cross section.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, be typical three-dimensional structure schematic representation in conjunction with wind energy conversion system of the present invention.As seen, combining wind energy conversion system of the present invention is made up of rotor 100 and additional device 200.Wind energy conversion system rotor 100 is common shaft resistance type windmill, comprises two or more blades, and to the pattern of rotor without limits, its structure can be individual layer, multilayer or spiral.Rotor blade can stagger separately mutually, between leave the gap, also can be very close to each other and interconnect.The height of additional device 200 is 1.1～1.3 times of rotor 100 height, mainly be a contraction-expansion pipeline of sealing up and down, can be with the wind and wind energy conversion system rotor 100 coaxial rotation (not shown), aim at wind direction all the time to guarantee it, make wind 2 flow into from its import, and at outlet effluent stream 10; When wind 2 is blown over, near the intakeport 7 at the venturi place of contraction-expansion pipeline, form negative pressuren zone, caused the low pressure of the contrary wind side of rotor 100, thereby reduced the resistance of its running, increase the rotating speed of rotor, improved its moment of torsion, thereby significantly improved the power factor of wind energy conversion system.The combination effectively of lift-type and shaft resistance type windmill advantage had separately both reduced the startup wind speed of shaft resistance type windmill, had significantly improved its aerodynamic quality again; Can be suitable for more effectively working in low wind speed district, again can be in higher high efficiency work under wind speed, thus in high wind, show incomparable advantage.Detail is seen M-M sectional view, i.e. Fig. 3.
With reference to Fig. 2, be the three-dimensional structure schematic representation of additional device of the present invention.Among this embodiment, additional device 200 itself is a contraction-expansion pipeline, be made up of outer side wall 4, contraction section madial wall 14, extending section madial wall 15, upper end wall 11, lower end wall 12, import 3, outlet 9 and intakeport 7, it highly is 1.1～1.3 times of rotor height; Intakeport 7 is positioned at the jointing place of contraction section madial wall 14 and extending section madial wall 15, and its width is 0.02～0.15 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor, and its height is 0.50～1.10 with the ratio of the height of wind energy conversion system rotor.When wind directions were aimed in import 3, wind 2 entered the contraction-expansion pipeline of additional device from import 3, and to flow out be air-flow 10 from exporting 9.Because the Wen Teli effect that air flow stream produces when crossing contraction-expansion pipeline, produce negative pressure at intakeport 7 places, so just have " high pressure " air-flow of wind energy conversion system rotor blade contrary wind side to enter contraction-expansion pipeline, thereby reduced the rotational resistance of wind energy conversion system from intakeport 7.
With reference to Fig. 3, be typical structure schematic representation, i.e. M-M sectional view among Fig. 1 in conjunction with wind energy conversion system of the present invention cross section.Among the figure, the upstream of crossing axle center o point and the diameter vertical with wind 2 directions deserves to be called the wind district, and the downstream claims the leeward district; Plane after the diameter of 2 directions with the wind (certain axle center o point of crossing) is vertical symmetry plane of rotor 100; Wind 2 blows to wind energy conversion system rotor blade 1 from the right side, top, promotes blade 1 and turns clockwise; Wind 2 flows into additional device 200 from the left side.The import 3 of additional device 200, be B-A (K), wherein i.e. how much imports of B-K, the K point is positioned on vertical symmetry plane of rotor 100, to guarantee just to cover fully the contrary wind side of rotor 100, guarantee that additional device plays once the abat-vent that installs additional for shaft resistance type windmill or the effect of barge board, its Extreme breadth is 1.03～1.30 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor 100; And B-A is pneumatic import, i.e. Shi Ji gas access, and the area of B-A is less than or equal to the area of B-K usually, and the two equates here, so sign A (K).Wind 2 enters the constricted channel 5 that is made of outer side wall 4 and contraction section madial wall 14 (being A-G) by the import 3 of additional device 200, again through the venturi 6 (being C-C) on the separating surface that is positioned at the windward district of rotor 100 and leeward district, and by the expanding channel 8 of outer side wall 4 with extending section madial wall (being F-E) 15 formations, flow out from exporting 9 (being D-E), form air-flow 10.When wind 2 was blown over venturi 6, the intakeport 7 (being G-F) in contraction section madial wall 14 and extending section madial wall 15 jointing places produced negative pressure, thereby had reduced the resistance of the contrary wind side of blade 1.The contraction section madial wall 14 of additional device 200 is a circular arc, make its can with the 100 coaxial rotations of wind energy conversion system rotor, to guarantee aiming at wind direction at any time, its radius is 1.01～1.10 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor 100; But for the relatively stable wind field of wind direction, additional device also can not need rotate, and structure can be simpler, for example to the ocean current in the Yu Haiyang.The structure of wind energy conversion system rotor 100 can be individual layer, multilayer or spiral.The outer side wall 4 and the extending section madial wall 15 of the expanding channel 8 of additional device 200 can be straight, also can be to wind-force machine rotor 100 1 lateral bending songs, and its vertical width is 0.7～1.3 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor 100.
With reference to Fig. 4, be the structural representation in one embodiment of the present of invention cross section.Among the figure, wind 2 flows into additional device 200 from the left side, top.Wind 2 is by the import 3 of additional device 200, enter the constricted channel 5 that constitutes by outer side wall 4 and contraction section madial wall 14 (being A-G), again through being positioned at the venturi 6 (being C-C) on windward district and the leeward differentiation interface, and by the expanding channel 8 of outer side wall 4 with extending section madial wall (being F-E) 15 formations, flow out from exporting 9 (being D-E), form air-flow 10.When wind 2 was blown over venturi 6, the intakeport 7 (being G-F) in contraction section madial wall 14 and extending section madial wall 15 jointing places produced negative pressure, thereby had reduced the wind energy conversion system resistance of side against the wind.The contraction section madial wall 14 of additional device 200 is a circular arc, and it can be rotated with wind energy conversion system rotor coaxial (promptly crossing the axle that o is ordered).The import 3 of additional device 200, i.e. B-A (K), wherein i.e. how much imports of B-K, the K point is positioned on vertical symmetry plane of rotor 100, and its Extreme breadth is 1.03～1.30 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; And B-A is pneumatic import, i.e. Shi Ji gas access, and the area of B-A is less than or equal to the area of B-K usually, and the two equates here, so sign A (K).The width 32 of venturi 6 is 0.02～0.25 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The width 33 of intakeport 7 is 0.02～0.15 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The angle of flare 34 of the expanding channel 8 of additional device 200 is 0 °～25 °; The outer side wall 4 and the extending section madial wall 15 of the expanding channel 8 of additional device 200 can be straight, also can be to wind-force machine rotor one lateral bending song, and its vertical width is 0.7～1.3 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor.
With reference to Fig. 5, be the structural representation in an alternative embodiment of the invention cross section.Among the figure, wind 2 flows into additional device 200 from the left side, top.Wind 2 is by the pneumatic import B-A of additional device 200, enter the constricted channel 5 that constitutes by outer side wall 4 and inwall A-G, again through being positioned at the venturi 6 (being C-C) on windward district and the leeward differentiation interface, and by the expanding channel 8 of outer side wall 4 with extending section madial wall (being F-E) 15 formations, flow out from exporting 9 (being D-E), form air-flow 10.When wind 2 was blown over venturi 6, the intakeport 7 (being G-F) in contraction section madial wall 14 and extending section madial wall 15 jointing places produced negative pressure, thereby had reduced the wind energy conversion system resistance of side against the wind.The contraction section madial wall 14 of additional device 200 is a circular arc, and it can be rotated with wind energy conversion system rotor coaxial (promptly crossing the axle that o is ordered).The import 3 of additional device 200, i.e. B-A (K), wherein i.e. how much imports of B-K, the K point is positioned on vertical symmetry plane of rotor 100, and its Extreme breadth is 1.03～1.30 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; And B-A is pneumatic import, i.e. Shi Ji gas access, in this embodiment, the width of B-A (or area) is less than the width (or area) of B-K, in order to size according to the wind friction velocity and the design wind speed of wind field, when the size of the pneumatic import of design, it is adjusted, promptly design the import 3 of B-A, i.e. ratio in the B-K width at additional device 200; This point is most important to the wind energy conversion system design in weak wind environment or high wind district work.The width 32 of venturi 6 is 0.02～0.25 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The width 33 of intakeport 7 is 0.02～0.15 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor; The angle of flare 34 of the expanding channel 8 of additional device 200 is 0 °～25 °; The outer side wall 4 and the extending section madial wall 15 of the expanding channel 8 of additional device 200 can be straight, also can be to wind-force machine rotor one lateral bending song, and its vertical width is 0.7～1.3 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor.
Prove through tunnel test, adopted wind energy conversion system model of the present invention not only to reduce the starting wind velocity of shaft resistance type windmill, and significantly improved its output power.Although the vane formula vertical axis windmill that The present invention be directed in the wind environment proposes, its design proposal is equally applicable to other resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, no matter it is operated in wind environment or the ocean current of ocean or the morning and evening tides environment.
Claims (10)
1. method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, the contrary wind side of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine is equipped with an abat-vent, it is characterized in that: in the contrary wind side of shaft resistance type windmill rotor (100), an additional device (200) is housed, by import (3), outlet (9), outer side wall (4), contraction section madial wall (14), extending section madial wall (15), upper end wall (11), lower end wall (12), constricted channel (5), venturi (6), expanding channel (8) and intakeport (7) are formed, when wind (2) is blown into import (3) and when outlet (9) is flowed out, locates to form negative pressure at venturi (6) and intakeport (7).
2. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the import (3) of additional device (200) just covers the whole contrary wind side of wind energy conversion system rotor (100), and the ratio of the radius of its Extreme breadth and wind energy conversion system rotor (100) is 1.03～1.30.
3. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the width (32) of the venturi (6) of additional device (200) is 0.02～0.25 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor (100).
4. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ratio of the width (32) of the pneumatic entrance width of additional device (200) and venturi (6) is 1.5～20.
5. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the intakeport (7) of additional device (200) is symmetry about venturi (6) cross section, its width (33) is 0.02～0.15 with the ratio of the radius of wind energy conversion system rotor (100), and its height is 0.50～1.10 with the ratio of the height of wind energy conversion system rotor (100).
6. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the angle of flare (34) of the expanding channel (8) of additional device (200) is 0 °～25 °.
7. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the ratio of the height of the height of additional device (200) and rotor (100) is 1.0～1.3.
8. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the contraction section madial wall (14) of additional device (200) is a circular arc, and can with the coaxial rotation of wind energy conversion system rotor (100), the ratio of the radius of its radius and wind energy conversion system rotor (100) is 1.01～1.10.
9. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the outer side wall (4) of the expanding channel (8) of additional device (200) can be straight with extending section madial wall (15), also can be to wind-force machine rotor (100) one lateral bending songs, the ratio of the radius of its vertical width and wind energy conversion system rotor (100) is 0.7～1.3.
10. a kind of method and apparatus that improves performance of resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the structure of wind energy conversion system rotor (100) can be individual layer, multilayer or spiral.
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| CN106795856A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-05-31 | 地中海设计网络有限责任公司 | Turbine with current divider and the current divider for turbine |
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| CN102242961B (en) * | 2011-04-28 | 2013-12-11 | 广西大学 | Wind-magnetism pyrogenic water heater |
| CN106795856A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2017-05-31 | 地中海设计网络有限责任公司 | Turbine with current divider and the current divider for turbine |
| CN106795856B (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2019-09-20 | 地中海设计网络有限责任公司 | Turbine with current divider and the current divider for turbine |
| CN106368896A (en) * | 2015-10-23 | 2017-02-01 | 田永胜 | Nautilus equiangular spiral wind wheel electric generator |
| CN112983734A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-18 | 西北工业大学 | Automatic guiding device vertical axis aerogenerator of angle of adjustment |
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Open date: 20100811 |