CN101793225A - Support rod of vertical axis wind turbine - Google Patents
Support rod of vertical axis wind turbine Download PDFInfo
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- CN101793225A CN101793225A CN200910220651A CN200910220651A CN101793225A CN 101793225 A CN101793225 A CN 101793225A CN 200910220651 A CN200910220651 A CN 200910220651A CN 200910220651 A CN200910220651 A CN 200910220651A CN 101793225 A CN101793225 A CN 101793225A
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- aerofoil profile
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
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Abstract
The invention relates to a support rod of a vertical axis wind turbine. A transverse section of the support rod is selected from a symmetrical wing section or a bending thick wing section with high lift drag ratio; differing from a horizontal installing state of the transverse section of a common support rod, the wing section of the transverse section of the support rod is in a positive attack-angle installing state, and the attack angle is controlled within 0.1 to 12.5 degrees so that the support rod works under the optimum lift drag ratio state, therefore, the lift force as large as possible can be generated in a simpler mode compared with a magnetic suspension technology, the load and the frictional force of a rotor bearing are further reduced, not only the structure is simplified, but also the starting wind speed of the wind turbine is reduced, the aerodynamic property of the wind turbine is improved without consuming extra energies, the service life of the bearing is prolonged, and the manufacturing and maintaining cost of the wind turbine is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of strut of vertical axis windmill, exactly is a kind of strut aerofoil profile and installation requirement thereof of vertical axis windmill, belongs to vertical axis windmill design, manufacturing and application.
Background technique
Wind energy conversion system has the branch of horizontal axis and vertical shaft, and vertical axis windmill has the branch of lift-type and resistance type, comprises common Da Lie wind energy conversion system and H type wind energy conversion system in the lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system.All the time, because vertical axis windmill (VAWT) is much more complicated than horizontal-shaft wind turbine (HAWT) in theory at aerodynamics, and the development of computer technology and computational fluid mechanics is still immature in the early time, can't find the solution the aerodynamics problem of complexity, so present technical development state still is in the junior stage.Horizontal-shaft wind turbine has then obtained sufficient development, has technically so far reached quite perfect degree, and has obtained very big success commercial, has captured the almost wind energy conversion system market, the world more than 95%.Quite ripe just because of the horizontal-shaft wind turbine technology, at present the power factor Cp value of horizontal-shaft wind turbine can reach shellfish ideally now the limit (0.593) 80%, promptly about 0.45～0.50, the performance that further significantly improve wind energy conversion system on this basis again is very difficult.Moreover horizontal-shaft wind turbine power has been accomplished 6MW, and its diameter has also been accomplished 126m; Theoretical and practice shows that all the continuation of size increases will make its cost performance obviously reduce, and can suffer the problem of land transportation difficulty, and everything has illustrated that all the development of horizontal-shaft wind turbine has not had too many space.
For above-mentioned reasons, people want much less relatively for the research of vertical axis windmill.But compare with horizontal-shaft wind turbine, vertical axis windmill still has outstanding advantage, mainly be simple in structure, cost is low.Vertical axis windmill need not wind apparatus; And if adopt H type vertical axis windmill scheme, blade shape is neither curved, does not also turn round, relative thickness is also constant along length of blade, thereby the blade manufacture cost that accounts for wind energy conversion system complete machine cost about 20% will further descend significantly; If further (or partly directly driving) magneto is directly driven in employing, then can save the cost (accounting for complete machine cost about 15%) of speedup box wholly or in part.Because the cabin of vertical axis windmill is positioned at ground or subaerial low level, the installation of wind energy conversion system and maintenance cost have in the future therefore been significantly reduced.And just in recent years, people begin vertical axis windmill (VAWT) has been carried out more deep research, and particularly in the West Europe and the U.S., producing at present mainly is medium and small type, and commercial scale is also very little.
With regard to traditional understanding, its application that vertical axis windmill has had two big drawbacks limit, the one, its aerodynamic quality is lower, and the Cp value of the vertical axis windmill of report is generally than horizontal-shaft wind turbine low 10%～15% at present.But the experiment Cp value of report Sandia 34m vertical axis windmill in 1992 has reached 0.409; The shortcoming of another " fatal " probably is exactly not have " self-startup ability ".This be actually since originally the Da Lie wind energy conversion system selected the cause of the very low symmetrical airfoil of aeroperformance.Having had many achievements in research can partially or completely remedy this defective at present in the world, as by feather, be not only and solve the self-starting problem, also is the important measures that improve wind mill performance; Even perhaps feather not also can solve the self-starting problem by the blade that adopts aerofoil profile band camber and improve its aeroperformance; Adopt the aerofoil profile of band camber, no matter be NACA * * * * four figures series, or NACA6 * * * * series, all obviously improved the performance of wind energy conversion system, increase rate is more than 10%.A kind of passive jet method that improves vertical shaft wind mill performance of CN200910010823.1 invention has then significantly improved the aeroperformance of wind energy conversion system.Can expect,,, then be enough on market, fight it out with horizontal-shaft wind turbine as long as can be suitable with the horizontal-shaft wind turbine performance just not saying vertical axis windmill surmounts on performance!
For H type vertical axis windmill, the member that connects rotating shaft and blade is a strut, has data to claim, the resistance that strut is produced in the wind energy conversion system working procedure accounts for more than 10% of complete machine resistance, and is therefore very important.Make a general survey of all H type wind energy conversion systems, except the research wind energy conversion system of only a few, the cross section of strut almost all is a rectangle or oval-shaped, and shown in Fig. 6,7, this has just significantly increased running resistance.Even if symmetrical airfoil has been adopted in minority strut cross section, its mounting type also is that the employing level is installed, i.e. 0 ° of established angle, as shown in Figure 5.
The weight of the whole rotor of vertical axis windmill all acts on the bearing of rotor, and this has increased the surface friction drag in the rotor operation greatly, has reduced the performance of wind energy conversion system; And excessive load significantly shortened the life-span of bearing again, the life requirements of wind energy conversion system 20 years, during change the maintenance cost that bearing has increased wind energy conversion system again greatly.In order to address this problem, someone proposes magnetic levitation technology is applied to vertical axis windmill, as US7,303,369B2, CN101252301A etc., basically all be rotor " will be floated ", thereby reduce the load and the frictional force of bearing, reach and improve wind mill performance and increase the bearing purpose in working life, and obtained good effect really.But problem is that magnetic levitation system is expensive, the inevitable raising that causes maintenance cost again of complicated structure; And be to want power consumption in the whole service process, this has just further offset its favorable influence.How to use the simplest structure, do minimum production and maintenance cost reach similar effects? the problem that patent application of the present invention that Here it is will solve.
If the band aerofoil profile is made in the cross section of strut, the ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient of aerofoil profile (being profile lift/profile drag) should be higher as far as possible, can be symmetrical airfoil, as Fig. 8; Preferably with the aerofoil profile of camber, as Fig. 9; In order to guarantee that strut has enough intensity, rigidity and the light weight of trying one's best, preferably select thicker aerofoil profile, for example relative thickness (being profile thickness/aerofoil profile chord length) 〉=18%.For H type vertical axis windmill, each blade can have 1～3 strut, the width of strut (be the chord length of its aerofoil profile---the length between aerofoil profile leading edge and the trailing edge) with connection blade the ratio of aerofoil profile chord length between 0.5～1.0.The aerofoil profile leading edge and the trailing edge of strut will distinguish corresponding the connection with the aerofoil profile leading edge and the trailing edge of blade, and leading edge are towards sense of rotation.Make these struts can produce enough lift, and has as far as possible little resistance, when being installed, aerofoil profile should be specifically noted that, must make the angle of attack of aerofoil profile (is the string of a musical instrument of aerofoil profile and the angle of its plane of rotation, leading edge is upwards for just) be chosen in its pairing angular range of ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient greatly, be preferably between 0.1 °～12.5 °, as Fig. 8 and shown in Figure 9; The excessive angle of attack will make the stall of strut aerofoil profile, and the result can run counter to desire.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is by changing the structure shape and the installation requirement of strut, to reach the aerodynamic performance that improves wind energy conversion system than simpler mode of magnetic levitation technology and lower cost, improve the working life of bearing, and reduce the production of wind energy conversion system and the purpose of maintenance cost.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: the hollow symmetrical airfoil that relative thickness is big, resistance is little is selected in the strut cross section of vertical axis windmill for use, the hollow aerofoil profile of the band camber that preferably relative thickness is big, and it is high that its ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient is wanted, stalling characteristics will be got well, relative thickness of airfoil 〉=18%; And the aerofoil profile setting angle of strut should make the positive incidence of aerofoil profile between 0.1 °～12.5 °; And the ratio of the chord length of the chord length of strut aerofoil profile and vane airfoil profile is between 0.5～1.0.
Advantage of the present invention is: owing to selected suitable strut aerofoil profile and suitable setting angle, it is worked under best ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient state, thereby the resistance cost with minimum produces big as far as possible lift, and then the load of minimizing rotor bearing, both simplified the structure, reduced the startup wind speed of wind energy conversion system again, and improved its aerodynamic performance and need not consume extra energy, and the working life of having improved bearing, reduced the production and the maintenance cost of wind energy conversion system.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of common H type vertical axis windmill.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of another kind of H type vertical axis windmill.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of another H type vertical axis windmill.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of another H type vertical axis windmill.
Fig. 5 is the cross section shape a kind of commonly used and the scheme of installation of strut.
Fig. 6 is the another kind of strut cross section shape commonly used and scheme of installation.
Fig. 7 is another cross section shape commonly used and scheme of installation of strut.
Fig. 8 is the symmetrical airfoil cross section shape and the scheme of installation of strut of the present invention.
Fig. 9 is the band camber aerofoil profile cross section shape and the scheme of installation of strut of the present invention.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1, common wind mill wind wheel is made up of blade 1, strut 2, rotating shaft 3, wheel hub 4 and bearing 5.Under wind action, wind energy conversion system rotates with illustrated direction.Blade 1 is the parts of the unique acting of wind energy conversion system.The number of blade 1 can be two, three, four or more.Each blade 1 can have one, two or three struts 2, the requirement of optic lobe sheet intensity and distortion and deciding.Strut 2 and wheel hub 4 are used for bearing aerodynamic force, gravity and the inertial force etc. that pneumatic equipment blades made 1 produces under static or motion state, and by rotating shaft 3 these power are passed to bearing 5, and drive generator (not shown) rotary electrification.The cross section shape of strut 2 can be shapes such as circle, ellipse, rectangle or aerofoil profile.
With reference to Fig. 2, the structure for the common H type vertical axis windmill of another kind wherein shows blade 1, strut 2 and rotating shaft 3.
With reference to Fig. 3, this is the structural representation of another H type vertical axis windmill.As seen the shape of blade 1 is spiral, wherein shows blade 1, strut 2 and rotating shaft 3.
With reference to Fig. 4, be the structural representation of another kind of H type vertical axis windmill, wherein show blade 1, strut 2 and rotating shaft 3.As seen wind energy conversion system strut 2 is no longer vertical mutually with rotating shaft 3 and blade 1, and promptly it no longer is that level is installed, but is the inclination installment state with respect to rotating shaft 3 and blade 1.
With reference to Fig. 5, be the section shape a kind of commonly used and the scheme of installation of strut.As seen the shape of symmetrical airfoil has been adopted in the cross section of strut 2.Among the figure, the cross section aerofoil profile of strut 2 is 21, and aerofoil profile has leading edge 13, trailing edge 8; Aerofoil profile 21 is a hollow, the string of a musical instrument of aerofoil profile or symmetry plane 22, and the tangent direction of its rotation is 24; Here strut aerofoil profile 21 is that level is installed, so the aerofoil profile string of a musical instrument or symmetry plane 22 are at the plane of rotation of strut 2, promptly in the horizontal plane.
With reference to Fig. 6, be the another kind cross section shape commonly used and the scheme of installation of strut.The cross section 31 of strut 2 be rectangle or the corner cut rectangle, the symmetry plane in cross section 31 is 32, the tangent direction of its rotation is 34; Here strut cross section 31 is that level is installed, so symmetry plane 32 is at the plane of rotation of strut 2, promptly in the horizontal plane.
With reference to Fig. 7, be another cross section shape commonly used and scheme of installation of strut.The cross section 41 of strut 2 is oval-shaped, and the symmetry plane in cross section 41 is 42, and the tangent direction of its rotation is 44; Here strut cross section 41 is that level is installed, so symmetry plane 42 is at the plane of rotation of strut 2, promptly in the horizontal plane.
With reference to Fig. 8, be the symmetrical airfoil cross section shape and the scheme of installation of strut of the present invention.As seen, although the cross section of strut 2 remains the shape of symmetrical airfoil, the setting angle of strut 2 is different.Among the figure, the cross section of strut 2 is an aerofoil profile 11, by leading edge 13, and trailing edge 8, pressure side 9 and suction surface 10 formed, and pressure side 9 is down, and suction surface 10 is last; Aerofoil profile 11 is a hollow, the string of a musical instrument 12 of aerofoil profile, and the tangent direction of its rotation is 14; Here the aerofoil profile 11 of strut 2 no longer is that level is installed, but its aerofoil profile string of a musical instrument 12 becomes certain included angle 15 with the rolling tangential direction 14 (or horizontal plane) of strut 2, the angle of attack just, the size of the angle of attack 15 preferably is controlled between 0.1 °～12.5 °, the shape that depends on aerofoil profile 11 is to reach its maximum ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient.
With reference to Fig. 9, be the band camber aerofoil profile cross section shape and the scheme of installation of strut of the present invention.As seen the air foil shape of band camber has been adopted in the cross section of strut 2, and the setting angle of strut 2 no longer is a level.Among the figure, the cross section of strut 2 is an aerofoil profile 11, by leading edge 13, and trailing edge 8, pressure side 9 and suction surface 10 formed, and pressure side 9 is down, and suction surface 10 is last; Aerofoil profile 11 is a hollow, the string of a musical instrument 12 of aerofoil profile, and the tangent direction of its rotation is 14; Here the aerofoil profile 11 of strut 2 also no longer is that level is installed, but the aerofoil profile string of a musical instrument 12 becomes certain included angle 15 with the rolling tangential direction 14 (or horizontal plane) of strut 2, it also is the angle of attack, the size of the angle of attack 15 preferably is controlled between 0.1 °～12.5 °, the shape that depends on aerofoil profile 11 is to reach its maximum ratio of lift coefficient to drag coefficient.
The present invention has passed through a large amount of tunnel tests, and model test proves that wind energy conversion system of the present invention has not only reduced starting wind velocity than prototype wind energy conversion system, and has obviously improved its output power, has reduced the load on the bearing.
Propose although The present invention be directed to H type lift vertical shaft wind energy conversion system, its design philosophy is equally applicable to all vertical axis windmills, as resistance-type vertical axis wind turbine, and lift-resistance mixed type vertical axis wind energy conversion system etc.
Claims (10)
1. the strut of a vertical axis windmill, the cross section of strut (2) is aerofoil profile (11), aerofoil profile (11) is made up of leading edge (13), trailing edge (8), pressure side (9) and suction surface (10), it is characterized in that: the string of a musical instrument (12) of aerofoil profile (11) becomes certain angle of attack (15) with the rolling tangential direction (14) (or horizontal plane) of strut (2), and the size of the angle of attack (15) is between 0.1 °～12.5 °.
2. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1 is characterized in that: aerofoil profile (11) can be the aerofoil profile of band camber, also can be symmetrical airfoil.
3. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pressure side (9) of aerofoil profile (11) is down, and suction surface (10) is last.
4. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1 is characterized in that: relative thickness 〉=18% of aerofoil profile (11).
5. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ratio of the aerofoil profile chord length of the chord length of aerofoil profile (11) and blade (1) is between 0.5～1.0.
6. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1 is characterized in that: strut (2) can be orthogonal with rotating shaft (3) and blade (1), also can be to tilt mutually.
7. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the aerofoil profile leading edge of the leading edge (13) of aerofoil profile (11) and trailing edge (8) and blade (1) and trailing edge be the corresponding adjacency that is connected respectively, and leading edge (13) is towards sense of rotation (14).
8. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: strut (2) is a hollow.
9. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the number of strut (2) can be one, two or three.
10. the strut of a kind of vertical axis windmill according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the blade (1) that strut (2) connects and supports can be straight, also can be spiral.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910220651A CN101793225A (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Support rod of vertical axis wind turbine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200910220651A CN101793225A (en) | 2009-12-11 | 2009-12-11 | Support rod of vertical axis wind turbine |
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| CN101793225A true CN101793225A (en) | 2010-08-04 |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101943108A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2011-01-12 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Self-starting equipment of vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN101956670A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-01-26 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Vertical axis wind turbine with multilayer wind wheels |
| CN102251921A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2011-11-23 | 河海大学 | Lift type wind wheel and method for controlling rotating speed and power |
| CN102305182A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-01-04 | 河海大学常州校区 | Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with support bars with variable pitch angle blades |
| CN102817785A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-12-12 | 盐城纺织职业技术学院 | Vertical axis wind generator |
| CN103452748A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-18 | 东北农业大学 | Suspension type vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN104214043A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 东南大学 | Low-speed-start efficient composite vertical-axis fan wind wheel system capable of providing lift force |
| CN111677627A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-18 | 河南恒聚新能源设备有限公司 | Turbine rotor assembly for vertical axis wind power generation system and power generation system |
| CN114166486A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-11 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Loading attack angle adjusting method for fatigue test of helicopter tail rotor blade airfoil section |
-
2009
- 2009-12-11 CN CN200910220651A patent/CN101793225A/en active Pending
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101943108B (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-07-11 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Self-starting equipment of vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN101943108A (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2011-01-12 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Self-starting equipment of vertical axis wind turbine |
| WO2012034370A1 (en) * | 2010-09-13 | 2012-03-22 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Vertical axis wind turbine with self starting device |
| CN101956670A (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2011-01-26 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Vertical axis wind turbine with multilayer wind wheels |
| CN101956670B (en) * | 2010-09-17 | 2012-07-11 | 青海风发科技发展有限公司 | Vertical axis wind turbine with multilayer wind wheels |
| CN102251921A (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2011-11-23 | 河海大学 | Lift type wind wheel and method for controlling rotating speed and power |
| CN102305182A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2012-01-04 | 河海大学常州校区 | Vertical axis wind turbine (VAWT) with support bars with variable pitch angle blades |
| CN102817785A (en) * | 2012-05-22 | 2012-12-12 | 盐城纺织职业技术学院 | Vertical axis wind generator |
| CN103452748A (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2013-12-18 | 东北农业大学 | Suspension type vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN103452748B (en) * | 2013-09-23 | 2015-09-30 | 东北农业大学 | Suspension type vertical axis wind turbine |
| CN104214043A (en) * | 2014-08-29 | 2014-12-17 | 东南大学 | Low-speed-start efficient composite vertical-axis fan wind wheel system capable of providing lift force |
| CN111677627A (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2020-09-18 | 河南恒聚新能源设备有限公司 | Turbine rotor assembly for vertical axis wind power generation system and power generation system |
| CN111677627B (en) * | 2020-06-03 | 2022-02-25 | 河南恒聚新能源设备有限公司 | Turbine rotor assembly for vertical axis wind power generation system and power generation system |
| CN114166486A (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-11 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Loading attack angle adjusting method for fatigue test of helicopter tail rotor blade airfoil section |
| CN114166486B (en) * | 2021-11-23 | 2023-05-23 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | Loading attack angle adjusting method for She Yixing-section fatigue test of helicopter tail rotor |
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Open date: 20100804 |